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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Reform and Opening-up”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 30 listopada 2024

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1

Dai, Peiqi. "On the Historical Lessons of Reform and Opening-Up". Communications in Humanities Research 39, nr 1 (31.08.2024): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/39/20242229.

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The reform and opening-up initiative has left us with many valuable historical lessons. This paper mainly discusses the historical background of reform and opening-up, Deng Xiaoping Theory, historical lessons, and explores the reform and opening-up in the new era, in light of the decisions made at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee. Comprehensive deepening of reform in the new era must adhere to the principle of upholding the Party's overall leadership and the people-centered approach. While focusing on promoting economic system reform, it is essential to coordinate and plan reforms in other fields to fully advance the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-style modernization.

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Zhang, Zhiyu, i Mahani Musa. "The Historical Role of the National Museum of China: Reform and Opening-Up (1978-1997）". SEJARAH 32, nr 2 (30.11.2023): 228–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/sejarah.vol36no2.10.

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Reform and opening-up is an essential part of the history of China in the post-Mao era, and its essence is a historical movement of consciously and actively merging Chinese civilisation with the currents of world history. The National Museum of China created the necessary cultural environment and conditions to promote China's Reform and opening-up (1978-1997). With the implementation and deepening of China's Reform and opening-up policy, the restoration and development of display art in the National Museum of China led to a second surge in the construction and development of local and private museums in China. They contributed to effectively circling the internal cultural environment of China's Reform and opening-up. Secondly, the National Museum of China went abroad to conduct foreign exhibitions, deepening the sense of identity in the field of Chinese history and culture, and to a certain extent opening up the external environment for the implementation of Reform and opening-up. This study uses qualitative research and documentary analysis to elucidate the context and background of the Chinese government's Reform and opening-up policy, and to analyse how the National Museum of China (1978-1997) built a bridge to Reform and opening-up. The study is supported by field visits to museum exhibitions, with the aim of filling in the gaps in the historical role of the National Museum of China in promoting China's Reform and opening-up (1978-1997).

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Zhang, Zhiyu. "The Historical Role of the National Museum of China: Reform and Opening-Up (1978-1997）". SEJARAH 32, nr 2 (30.11.2023): 228–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/sejarah.vol32no2.10.

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Reform and opening-up is an essential part of the history of China in the post-Mao era, and its essence is a historical movement of consciously and actively merging Chinese civilisation with the currents of world history. The National Museum of China created the necessary cultural environment and conditions to promote China's Reform and opening-up (1978-1997). With the implementation and deepening of China's Reform and opening-up policy, the restoration and development of display art in the National Museum of China led to a second surge in the construction and development of local and private museums in China. They contributed to effectively circling the internal cultural environment of China's Reform and opening-up. Secondly, the National Museum of China went abroad to conduct foreign exhibitions, deepening the sense of identity in the field of Chinese history and culture, and to a certain extent opening up the external environment for the implementation of Reform and opening-up. This study uses qualitative research and documentary analysis to elucidate the context and background of the Chinese government's Reform and opening-up policy, and to analyse how the National Museum of China (1978-1997) built a bridge to Reform and opening-up. The study is supported by field visits to museum exhibitions, with the aim of filling in the gaps in the historical role of the National Museum of China in promoting China's Reform and opening-up (1978-1997).

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4

Xiaoshuang, Ma. "China’s Experience in Reform and Opening up for Forty Years". World Journal of Social Science Research 5, nr 4 (21.11.2018): p335. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjssr.v5n4p335.

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In December 1978, after the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Party, China entered a new era of reform and opening up. It has been for forty years, and has accumulated richly in the process of exploration and development in these forty years. Faced with the new tasks and new demands put forward by the new era, China has embarked on a new journey. The construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics needs to be further promoted. Reform and opening up is still the source of vitality for the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. We should profoundly summarize and give full play to the experience of the fortieth anniversary of reform and opening up, hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, implement new development concepts, and constantly promote the development of the cause of reform and opening up.

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5

WANG, Z., i B. HU. "China's Reform and Opening-up and International Law". Chinese Journal of International Law 9, nr 1 (15.01.2010): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chinesejil/jmp035.

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6

Hu, Cheng Bo, i Xiaoou Liu. "Deepening the Reform of State-Owned Enterprises and Accelerating the Revitalization of Old Industrial Bases". Applied Mechanics and Materials 58-60 (czerwiec 2011): 642–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.58-60.642.

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The key and prerequisite of realizing the revitalization of old industrial bases are to further deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises and try the best to promote the institutional innovation and the mechanism innovation. The revitalization of old industrial bases is carried out under the condition of reform and opening up as well as the development of socialist market economy. Therefore, it must follow the requirements of new industrialization and make a fuss in the “new”. Deepening the reform, expanding the opening up and promoting the institutional innovation, they are considered as the important symbols for realizing the revitalization of the Northeast Division. It is necessary to actively promote the strategic adjustment of the layout of state-owned economy and speed up the restructuring of key industries. Accelerating the development and achieving the revitalization require us to hold high the banner of reform and opening up and firmly set up the ideas of relying on reform and opening up and market mechanisms to realize the revitalization. Continuing to deepen the reform and expanding the opening up have provided a powerful driving force for revitalizing the old industrial bases.

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7

Xu, Tiannuo. "Evolution of The Policy For The Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage In Xinjiang". Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 42 (7.04.2023): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v42i.7086.

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This paper composes the policy change process of intangible cultural heritage protection in Xinjiang, starting from the real problems faced by Xinjiang, reflecting the policy change process objectively and realistically, proposing a De- ideologization research perspective, and expanding the academic research on intangible cultural heritage in Xinjiang. By compiling the policy changes in the protection of intangible cultural heritage in Xinjiang and sorting out the world-class, national, and autonomous lists of intangible cultural heritage in Xinjiang, this paper draws the following conclusions: First, from a longer historical process, the policy changes in the protection of intangible cultural heritage in Xinjiang can be roughly divided into four stages: the lack of attention before the reform and opening-up period, the initial attention during the early reform and opening-up period, and the gradual attention during the exploration period of the reform and opening-up period. The first stage is the lack of attention before the reform and opening up, the initial attention at the beginning of the reform and opening up, the gradual attention at the exploration period of the reform and opening up, and the high attention at the period of systematic standardization and protection. Second, the intangible cultural heritage protection in Xinjiang is characterized by large regional differences, concentrated in Yili, Kashgar, Tacheng, Bayin, and other regions; the types are mainly folk music and traditional dance.

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8

PAN, Jiahua. "From Ecological Imbalance to Ecological Civilization: The Process of China’s Green Transformation Over 40 Years of Reform and Opening Up and Its Outlook". Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 07, nr 03 (wrzesień 2019): 1950007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345748119500076.

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China’s reform and opening up is an all-round transformation and development. The harmonious coexistence of man and nature is the foundation and starting point of social and economic development, and the future direction of human society. Reform and opening up does not come from nowhere, and green development is a product and need of historical development. Before the reform and opening up, the conflict between man and nature caused ecological imbalance induced by the destruction of nature that aimed to meet basic food needs under the conditions of low productivity in a traditional agricultural society. The 40 years of reform and opening up have seen the initial completion of industrialization and urbanization in compressed time. During this process, the conflict between man and nature has evolved into expensive material consumption and ever-expanding desire for non-material enjoyments, leading to the pollution crisis endangering humans’ living environment and natural sustainability. On the 40th anniversary of reform and opening-up policy, it is necessary to understand this evolution process. By summarizing the achievements and discerning the problems of green transformation, this paper analyzes the direct and internal impetus, explores the theoretical basis and shares the outlook on future development.

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9

Hao, Rui. "Opening up, Market Reform, and Convergence Clubs in China*". Asian Economic Journal 22, nr 2 (13.03.2008): 133–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8381.2008.00271.x-i1.

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Hao, Rui. "Opening up, Market Reform, and Convergence Clubs in China". Asian Economic Journal 22, nr 2 (czerwiec 2008): 133–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8381.2008.00272.x.

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11

Stoyanets, Nataliya, Hejun Zhao i Guohou Li. "Modernization of vocational education in the context of rural human resources development in China". Agricultural and Resource Economics: International Scientific E-Journal 6, nr 1 (20.03.2020): 76–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.51599/are.2020.06.01.06.

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Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the experience of the development of rural vocational education since the reform and opening up, analyze and summarize the rapid development of rural vocational education in China in the context of rural human resources development. Methodology / approach. The methods adopted in this research are mainly literature research and thematic research. Through thematic research on vocational education-related fields since the reform and opening up, and analysis, research, and induction of policies, data, phenomena, and conclusions in various vocational education literatures, it forms an objective summary of the development of rural vocational education in China since the reform and opening up. Results. Reform and opening up is the most critical period for the rapid development of various industries in China, including vocational education. This paper studies the overall situation of the development of vocational education in China since the reform and opening up, the relationship between the development of rural vocational education and policy support at the national level is concluded, it demonstrates that rural vocational education is an important cornerstone of national construction and development, and the focus and characteristic of rural vocational education is to condense the Chinese experience of school-running characteristics, it also summarizes the main problems of rural vocational education in China. Originality / scientific novelty. A multi-dimensional analysis of the development of China’s rural vocational education in the 42 years of reform and opening up has been made, and conclusions have been drawn for the development of rural vocational education with Chinese characteristics. Practical value / implications. This paper analyzes the key factors for the success of rural vocational education in China through the study of China’s practice in the field of rural vocational education since the reform and opening up, it has certain reference significance for the future policy formulation and development of rural vocational education, promotes the development of rural human resources and increases the rate of urbanization.

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Owaki, Methody Florian, Mercy Mweni Kathina, Christopher Khayeka-Wandabwa, Francis Maina Gichuru i Eunice Amimo. "Chinese Language Teaching and Learning in Kenya in the Prospects of China’s Reform and Opening-up". Educational Process: International Journal 8, nr 3 (15.09.2019): 170–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22521/edupij.2019.83.2.

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13

Cho, Sungmin. "Why North Korea Could Not Implement the Chinese Style Reform and Opening? The Internal Contradiction Between Economic Reform and Political Stability". Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs 7, nr 3 (6.11.2020): 305–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347797020962625.

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Can North Korea implement Chinese-style reform and opening-up policies? This is an important question, directly relevant to the policy debate on North Korea’s nuclear challenges. Through comparative historical analysis, I argue that Pyongyang has failed to adopt the Chinese-style reform and opening-up for the internal and structural restraints. The Chinese experience shows that the economic reform and opening, to be successful, requires a certain degree of political reform and openness to be executed together. North Korea could not implement the economic reform and opening policies as effectively as China did, not because of the external conditions like international sanctions or security threat to the country, but more for the internal contradiction that North Korea’s own economic development is likely to endanger the stability of the political system more rapidly and widely than China has experienced. For this analysis, I rely on North Korea’s published laws and economic policies, previous survey works and scholarly works published in Korean and Chinese.

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14

Guo, Xiaofei. "Policy Analysis on the Dilemma of Higher Education Administration System Reform since Reform and Opening Up". Lifelong Education 9, nr 7 (8.12.2020): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/le.v9i7.1502.

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With the implementation of reform and opening up, my country’s higher education has made great progress in teaching quality and teaching management. However, due to the short implementation time of modern higher education in my country, there are still many problems in teaching management. This article is the topic of administrative management. It analyzes in detail the dilemma of the reform of my country’s higher education administrative system since the reform and opening up, and puts forward some optimized reform measures, hoping to provide some references and suggestions for the reform of educational administrative management in higher education institutions in my country.

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15

Hou, Mengyu. "Promoting the research on the cultivation of college students' national concepts with the learning of the histories of the Party, New China, the reform and opening-up, and socialist development". Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 8 (7.02.2023): 1069–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v8i.4403.

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Culturing college students' concepts of the country is an important part of the current ideological and political education work in colleges. The education of the histories of the Party, New China, the reform and opening-up, and socialist development, as an important work to enhance the education of college students' ideals and beliefs in the new era, contains rich and valuable resources for cultivating college students' concepts of the country. In the histories of the Party, New China, the reform and opening-up, and socialist development, the precious historical facts, heroic model resources, and historical law resources can be used for cultivating college students' concepts of the country. In the new journey of building socialist modernization in an all-round way, it is necessary to dig deep into the historical facts passed on in the histories of the Party, New China, the reform and opening-up, and socialist development to promote college students to deepen their understanding of the basic state construction and functions, and the heroic models passed on in the histories of the Party, New China, the reform and opening-up, and socialist development. The understanding of the national spirit and the historical laws transmitted in the histories of the Party, New China, the reform and opening-up, and socialist development promote college students to deepen their political identification with the socialist country with Chinese characteristics, and the ideals and beliefs transmitted in the histories of the Party, New China, the reform and opening-up, and socialist development promote college students to deepen their cognition of the country. Educating people with history not only has an important resource advantage in the ideological and political education work of college students, but also plays an important role in correcting and deepening the concepts of the country of young college students, so as to become qualified future socialist builders for young people, and build with a high-spirited attitude. The cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics is of great significance to promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

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16

Wang, Liming, i Jun Yi. "China's civil law since reform and opening up in 1978". Social Sciences in China 30, nr 1 (luty 2009): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02529200802703839.

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Huang, Reviewed by Xin. "Opening Up: Youth Sex Culture and Market Reform in Shanghai". Archives of Sexual Behavior 36, nr 2 (9.03.2007): 325–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-006-9162-z.

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18

He, Yandiao, i Longzi Wang. "Evolution of Overseas Chinese Investment Policies Since the Reform and Opening up". International Journal of Education and Humanities 14, nr 3 (16.06.2024): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ef088273.

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Since the reform and opening up, China’s economy has been booming and changing with each passing day. This rapid development momentum has promoted the continuous improvement and promotion of overseas Chinese investment policies. The evolution of overseas Chinese investment policies is driven by the actual needs of China’s economic development and is closely linked to the process of the country’s reform and opening up. Whether it is the encouragement measures introduced by the central government or the preferential policies and implementation rules formulated by local governments based on local characteristics, they fully demonstrate the flexibility and adaptability of overseas Chinese investment policies. This flexible policy adjustment has greatly stimulated the investment enthusiasm of overseas Chinese, as we expected, injecting strong impetus into the prosperity of China’s economy and the deepening of reform and opening up. It is worth mentioning that overseas Chinese investment not only brings financial support, but also introduces advanced technology and management experience, which plays a decisive role in promoting the rapid development of China’s economy.

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Jing, Yijia, i Zijuan Zhang. "CONTINUITY VERSUS CHANGE: EVOLVING TRAJECTORIES OF CHINESE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION". Public Administration Issues, nr 6 (2023): 70–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1999-5431-2023-0-6-70-83.

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China’s public administration system has been shaped by incremental reforms since China started its reform and opening up in 1978. These reforms highlighted a delicate balance between continuity and change so gradual, incessant, and autonomous adaptation to China’s socioeconomic development as well as to its external environment could happen. Since China moved into the “deep-water zone” in the recent decade, does this reform strategy remain effective? This article examines the Chinese way of introducing public administration reforms, with a focus on the reforms in the past decade. Although incremental reform has in general been kept useful, changing internal and external conditions in China have made it more difficult to achieve innovations and systematic transformation through incremental reforms. An apparent approach to politicization has replaced the fragile politics-administration dichotomy and reshaped the way of value balancing in China’s administrative system.

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20

KEFENG, Yuan. "The impact of the initial phase of reforms and transition to openness in China on the family budget decision-making mechanism". National Interests: Priorities and Security 20, nr 6 (17.06.2024): 1022–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.20.6.1022.

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Subject. This article discusses the issues of construction of a socialist market economy in China, as well the problems of labor movement and a family budget formation. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the changes in the structure of income, expenditure and investment of Chinese households in the initial period of the reform and opening-up policy (1979–1999), and justify the need to continue reforms. Methods. For the study, I used a statistical analysis. Results. The article finds that at the first stage of the reform and opening-up policy, household consumption and investment returned to normal gradually, becoming free from the negative impact of the planned economy. In modern China, the coexistence of different forms of ownership is allowed. Conclusions. Economic reforms have laid the foundations for transforming household budget decision-making, but at the same time they have exposed the shortcomings of the citizen registration system hindering urbanization and the labor market development. Problems in the field of healthcare, education, financial organization, urban planning, and environmental protection have become more acute.

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Gao, Jinlin. "A Study on WAR Metaphors in the Reports on the Reform and Opening-Up Policy in China". Theory and Practice in Language Studies 13, nr 7 (1.07.2023): 1792–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1307.24.

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Based on the BCC (Beijing Language and Culture University Corpus Center) corpus, an analysis on the WAR metaphors in the reports on the Reform and Opening-up Policy in China showed that the potential metaphor in the report is THE IMPLEMENTATION OF REFORM AND OPENING-UP AS WAR, which is supported by such sub-metaphors as PLACES WHERE POLICIES ARE IMPLEMENTED AS BATTLEFIELDS; POLICIES OR THEORIES AS WEAPONS; IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICIES AS MILITARY ACTION; DIFFICULTIES AND RISKS AS ENEMIES. War metaphors highlight the conflicts, risks and strategies in the process, and arouse the sense of emergency, alertness and strategy. The resonance distribution of the Source domain elements partially reflected the highlights of the reports. Battlefields highlight the universality of conflicts and arouse the sense of risk,alertness and emergency. Participants motivate the readers to learn from the developed areas to devote to the enterprise of Reform and Opening-up.

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Qian, Siying. "Reform and Innovation of Higher Education in Economic Reform Period". International Journal of Education and Humanities 2, nr 3 (19.05.2022): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v2i3.382.

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The birth of economic reform marks the arrival of a new era. As the superstructure of society, higher education is inevitably affected by the social and economic development. Since the reform and opening up, especially since the 1990s, the school has clearly stated that talent training is the fundamental work of the school, and higher education is regarded as the foundation of all work of the school. The development level of higher education is not only the main symbol of a country's development strength and potential, but also an important support for promoting economic reform and upgrading. Since the reform and opening up, China has initially formed a multi category, multi-level, multi form and multi specification higher education school running system, and trained tens of millions of management cadres and professional and technical personnel from all walks of life. After introducing the economic challenges of higher education abroad and the current situation of higher education in my country, the article focuses on the interaction between economic reform and higher education, and further proposes how to reform and innovate higher education in my country under the environment of economic reform.

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Oh, Suyong, i Bang-Chool Kim. "A historical overview of china’s school sport policy before and after reform and opening up". Korean Journal of Sport Science 31, nr 4 (31.12.2020): 788–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.24985/kjss.2020.31.4.788.

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Purpose The purpose of the study is to analyze China's school sports policy by dividing it into the era of four leaders before the current regime. Methods Former Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping's reform and opening up is a big axis that distinguishes China's time, more than 70 years after its founding. Therefore, we discussed the history of Chinese school sports policy by considering the background of the times, the ideology of the former Chinese leaders, and the keynote of the sports policy that influenced the school sports policy. Results The Chinese school sports policy history before and after China's reform and opening up is summarized as having a continuity to “sports as an education for all” and a distinction symbolized by “legislation and scientificization.” Conclusion Deng Xiaoping's reform and opening up has been carried on by the regimes since then, and his guiding ideology and sports policy keynote have had a profound impact on Chinese school sports policy.

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Tao, Xin, i Kang Chunhua. "Qualitative Advances of China's Basic Education Since Reform and Opening Up". Chinese Education & Society 45, nr 1 (styczeń 2012): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/ced1061-1932450105.

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Youssouf, Barry Ben, i Tan Cun-Feng. "Opportunities and Advantages of Agricultural Reform and Opening up in Guinea". International Business Research 15, nr 5 (18.04.2022): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v15n5p30.

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Guinean agriculture has important assets that offer many opportunities to accelerate growth and create sustainable jobs in the agricultural sector. This potential has the ability both to ensure the food self-sufficiency of the Guinean population and to generate significant export revenues, especially thanks to the opportunities and advantages that pave the way for profitable investments because reforms bring added value. Identified as a priority growth sector along with those of energy and mining, agriculture has recently begun a trend towards diversification with the revival of several agricultural sectors. This vision is based first of all on a national situation of peace and prosperity supported by justice and solidarity between the various components of the Guinean nation, with a public administration at the service of agricultural development, characterized by values of good governance, a human capital conducive to the emergence, a national wealth equitably shared between the different socio-professional strata and between the territories of the nation, a sustainable living environment favorable to current and future generations and a significant and unanimously recognized contribution to the positive transformation of Guinean agriculture towards the rest of the world. It is in this logic that we demonstrate the opportunities and advantages of reforming and opening up agriculture in our country.

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Heping, Yu. "Innovations of modern Chinese history studies since reform and opening-up". Journal of Modern Chinese History 3, nr 1 (22.06.2009): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17535650902900463.

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Allmendinger, Phil, i Graham Haughton. "Opening up Planning? Planning Reform in an Era of ‘Open Government’". Planning Practice & Research 34, nr 4 (18.06.2019): 438–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02697459.2019.1630973.

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Zhang, Yan. "China's Economic Growth and Financial Development after Reform and Opening-up". Advances in Economics and Business 8, nr 6 (listopad 2020): 321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/aeb.2020.080602.

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Pei, Changhong, i Lei Peng. "Reform and opening up in the area of circulation: a retrospect". Social Sciences in China 30, nr 1 (luty 2009): 36–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02529200802703870.

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Huh, Won. "China s Religion and Socialism since the Reform and Opening Up". Institute of History and Culture Hankuk University of Foreign Studies 65 (28.02.2018): 235–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18347/hufshis.2018.65.235.

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Dirlik, Arif. "Opening Up: Youth Sex Culture and Market Reform in Shanghai (review)". Journal of the History of Sexuality 12, nr 3 (2003): 493–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sex.2004.0005.

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Xu, Zhong, Yingwei Tang i Yuanyuan Cao. "Promoting China’s financial market reform and innovation with opening-up policies". China Economic Journal 11, nr 1 (2.01.2018): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17538963.2018.1412103.

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Cha, Seonggeun. "A Study on Possibilities for the Economic Reform and Opening-up of North Korean Dictatorship: Comparison with cases of Chinese and Vietnamese reform and opening-up". Journal of Strategic Studies 29, nr 2 (31.07.2022): 233–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.46226/jss.2022.07.29.2.233.

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Kang, Jia. "Carrying out the Goal of Modernization to the End Through China’s Reform and Opening up —— In Memorial of the 40th Anniversary of Reform and Opening up". International Journal of Humanities and Social Science 6, nr 4 (25.08.2019): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23942703/ijhss-v6i4p113.

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Liu, Jun, i Tingting Li. "The Law of Policy Transfer in China after the Reform and Opening up". Modern Economics & Management Forum 3, nr 3 (2.07.2022): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/memf.v3i3.863.

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Compared with the research on policy transfer in Western countries, China's research started late and did not begin until the beginning of the 21st century. At present, domestic research on policy transfer is inclined to theoretical level, and a macro framework has been formed overall. Along with the increasing number of policy transfer phenomena in China, there are still many issues in this field that deserve our deeper investigation. Based on the literature analysis method, empirical research method and comparative analysis method, this paper divides the stages of policy transfer in China after the reform and opening up, from which we can summarize the policy transfer pattern formed in China after the reform and opening up.

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Xiang, Linglin, Huaixi Zhang i Yiqing Lyu. "A Study on the Impact of Reform and Opening-up on Sustainable Development: Evidence from China". Problemy Ekorozwoju 18, nr 2 (7.07.2023): 204–2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/preko.4034.

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This paper selected the data of 284 prefectural-level cities in China in the time range of 2011 to 2020 as the research sample, and established an index system of sustainable development consisting of 22 indicators including economic development, social progress, ecological environment and public institutions and so on, to comprehensive evaluate the sustainability of the cities. Total annual investment in pollution control is selected as the proxy variable of reform, and annual actual amount of foreign investment used is selected as the proxy variable of opening-up, to empirically explore the impact of the two on sustainable development. The results of empirical analysis show that reform and opening-up has a significant positive impact on sustainable development. After fixing time and individual effect, it is found that the effect of reform is more prominent. Regional heterogeneity analysis shows that, the impact strength of reform and opening-up in the east is larger than that in the middle and west of China. To study the spatial auto-correlation and spillover effect, Moran’s I was calculated and spatial Durbin model was constructed based on the weight matrix of geographical distance, which produced the results that spatial agglomeration is evident for sustainability, and that reform has a significant positive spillover effect. Further, considering the time auto-correlation of sustainability, a dynamic panel model is established, and dynamic threshold regression is carried out. Results show that lag effect of sustainability is significant, and a certain threshold must reform reach can sustainable development be promoted. This paper puts forward several policy suggestions in terms of formulating effective sustainable development strategy, to provide insights for new-pattern urbanization in the future.

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Cao, Xiaoshu, i Shengchao Li. "Spatio-temporal evolution of port opening in China's 40 years of reform and opening-up period". PLOS ONE 14, nr 8 (12.08.2019): e0220912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220912.

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Yu, Jinna, Tingting Zhang, Youliang Ning i Lu Lu. "Analysis of Medical Health System Based on Game Cross-Efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Model and Global Malmquist Index". Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 10, nr 9 (1.08.2020): 2053–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2020.3135.

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Considering the competition of medical resource in the medical system, this paper uses the game crossefficiency DEA model and global Malmquist index to dynamically analyze the input—output efficiency, total factor productivity (TFP) change and its decomposition of the medical system, based on the data of 40 years of Reform and Opening Up in Guizhou Province. The results show that the technological efficiency of medical system in Guizhou Province has experienced a trend of “two declines and two rises,” the TFP change and technological change in Guizhou Province show a similar trend “increasing at first, then decreasing, and increasing again.” The efficiency change showed a decreasing trend in the first 30 year of Reform and Opening Up, and then showed a strong increasing trend. Through the efficiency analysis and the kernel density estimation, the progress of medical system in Guizhou has not been expected since the Reform and Opening Up, and there are structural differences in the medical system in Guizhou. In order to improve the efficiency and TFP of medical system, and improve the overall health level in Guizhou, it is suggested that Guizhou should actively learn from the advanced and mature medical reform model in the process of deepening the medical reform, strengthen the technical innovation in the medical field, make full use of Big Data to coordinate the development of the medical system in all prefectures or cities, and realize the sharing of medical resources.

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Li, Fangcheng. "Weaving history: The transformation of Chinese women’s clothing and social status from the 1950s to today". SHS Web of Conferences 199 (2024): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202419902007.

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Women’s clothing is an effective carrier for expressing women’s inner needs and showcasing their charm. The clothing of women in different periods not only reflects the aesthetic changes of women in different periods, but also reflects the changes in women’s social status in a specific period. Since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, the changes in Chinese women’s clothing have been closely related to the changes in Chinese society at that time, and new changes have emerged after the reform and opening up. It has been proven that women’s clothing in different periods can accurately reflect the changes in China’s socio-economic, political, and cultural development, as well as demonstrate the recognition of women’s status and acceptance of free and open thinking in Chinese society at different times. This article focuses on the changes in Chinese women’s clothing during three periods: from the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 to the reform and opening up in 1978 after the reform and opening up in 1978, and the present. The changes in women’s clothing can accurately reflect the ideological changes in Chinese society and the different social statuses of Chinese women.

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Guangjun, Sui, Danling Tang, Yang Ke i Zou Jialing. "China’s Opening to the World: Models, Stages, and Directions". Governance and Politics 3, nr 1 (23.04.2024): 77–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2782-7062-2024-3-1-77-101.

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The article includes four sections: the historical stages of China’s opening-up, the developmental patterns of China’s opening-up, the open policy of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), and the bilateral opening-up developments between China and Russia. Starting with elaboration of the primary processes of China’s opening-up since the era of reform and opening-up, summarizing the distinct historical stages of China’s opening-up and the main features of each developmental phase. Subsequently, it analyzes the characteristics of China’s external development in spatial patterns, and selects two typical cases of China’s external development, namely Hainan Free Trade Port and Chongqing, for further analysis. Furthermore, it meticulously reviews the opening initiatives in key sectors of the GBA’s development and its contributions to China’s high-level external openness. Finally, the article briefly introduces the main measures and outcomes of enhancing bilateral openness between China and Russia under the current international circumstances.

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Jankowiak, William. "Opening Up: Youth Sex Culture and Market Reform in Shanghai. James Farrer". China Journal 50 (lipiec 2003): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3182266.

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Jingqin, Su, Sun Yue i Wu Xianyan. "Review and Outlook of Chinese Innovation Research Since Reform and Opening-up". Journal of Advances in Health 3, nr 1 (2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.2096-5141.2021.0001.

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Honggyoo Lee. "Awareness about democracy before China’s reform and opening up: change and effect". 중소연구 38, nr 3 (listopad 2014): 123–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21196/aprc.38.3.201411.005.

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Luo, Changyuan, i Yan Zhi. "Reform and opening up in the new era: China trade policy review". World Economy 42, nr 12 (20.11.2019): 3464–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/twec.12895.

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McMahon, Patrice C., i Yue Zou. "Thirty Years of Reform and Opening Up: Teaching International Relations in China". PS: Political Science & Politics 44, nr 01 (styczeń 2011): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096510002003.

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Lifang, Xu, Xu Jie i Fang Qing. "Peer Review: Thirty-year Reform and Opening-up of China's Publishing Industry". Logos 20, nr 1-4 (2009): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/095796509x12777334632780.

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Lahiri, Sajal, i Anjum Nasim. "Commercial Policy Reform in Pakistan: Opening up the Economy under Revenue Constraints". International Tax and Public Finance 12, nr 6 (listopad 2005): 723–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10797-005-0486-8.

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Bansilal, Sarah. "Assessment reform in South Africa: opening up or closing spaces for teachers?" Educational Studies in Mathematics 78, nr 1 (1.03.2011): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10649-011-9311-8.

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Yang, Jian, i Yu Feng. "Study on the Reform of the Open Policy of Utilizing Foreign Investment in China's Leasing and Business Service Industry". Universal Journal of Financial Economics 3, nr 1 (17.04.2024): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37256/ujfe.3120244712.

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The utilization of foreign capital in China's leasing and business service industries has played an important role in economic development, which is highlighted in that it has become the second largest area of China's utilization of foreign capital. In 2022, China's actual use of foreign capital amounted to 123.268 billion RMB , up 6.3% year-on-year on a comparable basis, or US$189.13 billion, up 8% year-on-year. China's leasing and business service industries still have problems in opening up to the outside world, such as the unity of opening policies to be coordinated, the accuracy of opening up efforts to be improved, the matching of opening measures to be improved, the forward-looking of opening up supervision to be strengthened, and the guidance of opening up and development to be improved. In the future, China should continue to use foreign capital with high quality by improving the level of opening up, focusing on promoting the development of service trade in leasing and business services, and lowering the threshold of market access; The focus of development is to reform some policies and systems and create a good business environment; The focus of risk prevention and control is to innovate regulatory methods and build a forward-looking and flexible risk prevention and control system.

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Qiao, Dan, Shuifa Ke, Xiaoxiao Zhang i Qiya Feng. "Impact of marketization process on China's forestry economic growth – based on the statistical yearbook data from 1978 to 2016". Forestry Economics Review 2, nr 1 (20.04.2020): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fer-02-2020-0002.

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PurposeThe paper aims to explore the impact of marketization on forestry economic growth. Firstly, the development process of forestry marketization was summarized. Secondly, from the three dimensions of forestry production factor marketization, production marketization and product marketization, the framework of marketization is constructed by the authors.Design/methodology/approachBased on the yearbook data from 1978 to 2016, the relationship between forestry marketization and forestry growth was demonstrated through multiple regression and Granger test in this paper.FindingsThe results showed that forestry marketization was one of the important driving factors that impacted on China's forestry economic growth. Since the reform and opening up, China's forestry marketization degree has been constantly strengthened, but there is still room for improvement. China has provided an important model as forestry marketization reform and development sample for the world.Social implicationsMany useful references and inspirations have been provided from China such as gradually promoting market-oriented reforms; paying attention to the important role of reform and opening up in the construction of market mechanism; dynamic coordination of market and government relations; developing and connecting the relationship between domestic and international market; and coordinating the development of forestry state-owned economy, private economy and mixed ownership economy.Originality/valueThis paper creates a measure index of forestry marketization from three dimensions of forestry production factor marketization, production marketization and product marketization.

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