Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Réflexion et transmission anormales”
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Kourchi, Hasna. "Μétaréseaux pοur la réflexiοn et la transmissiοn anοrmales de frοnts d’οnde acοustique dans l’eau". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMLH36.
Pełny tekst źródłaA metagrating is a periodic assembly of scatterers designed to reflect or refract a wave toward an anomalous direction, not predicted by Snell's law. In this work, we designed, fabricated, and experimentally characterized such metagratings for the control of ultrasonic waves in water, using brass tubes and cylinders as well as 3D-printed plastic supports. These metagratings enable the redirection of an incident wavefront to an arbitrarily desired direction with high efficiency (close to 100%), both in reflection on a surface (e.g., the water/air interface) and in transmission. The theoretical approach is based on the principles of Bragg diffraction and constructive and destructive wave interactions. The results of this thesis demonstrate the efficiency of metagratings in inducing acoustic phenomena such as retroreflection and asymmetric wave response, achieved through the use of resonant and non-resonant structures, validated by finite element simulations and experiments. This research opens new perspectives for the manipulation of underwater acoustic waves, with potential applications in the fields of wave detection, absorption, and reflection in marine environments
David, Benjamin. "Contribution rabbinique à la réflexion éthique : transmission des maladies génétiques et Eugénisme". Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05T029.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this thesis is the analysis of Jewish ethic's perspective regarding the medical solutions of the transmission of genetic diseases. After we have proved that the Talmudic scholars recognized the dangers of transmitting genetic diseases we will present clinical cases. Each one presents a medical and ethical problem that we will analyse. The principal subject is preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) that allows the prevention of bearing a sick child. In which clinical cases is this procedure ethically acceptable and in which is it considered eugenics? Are a couple who are at risk to have a child with a genetic disease obliged to bear children? Are they obliged to undergo PGD? Regarding eugenics we will prove that this notion is entirely antithetical to Judaism and the practice of eugenics stands in direct contradiction to Jewish law
Chaabane, Haykel. "Mesure des facteurs de réflexion et de transmission des applicateurs microondes industriels". Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN10039.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work is devoted to studying the feasibility of an instrumentation system for measuring the reflection and transmission factors of an industrial microwave applicator. The selected measurement method uses quadrature IF double balanced mixers and is based on phase modulation. The method permits continuous measurements. The electronic circuits which compose the system are described. An original mechanical phase modulator was especially built. Its characteristics are detailed. Two implementations of the method were made : first, experiments carried out with a simple set up, using a commercial quadrature IF mixer and supplied with a laboratory generator and secondly, the tests made with the electronic board which was developed and fed by a CW high power generator. Finally, the experiments carried out with an industrial pulsed generator of 1 kW are described. The performance of the complete system is presented and discussed. The results show the importance of synchronising the recorded information and the microwave generator emission when a real-world imperfect generator, such as a magnetron, is used
Chevee, Patrice. "Réflexion et transmission d'un faisceau borné ultrasonore sur une lame viscoélastique anisotrope immergée". Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10610.
Pełny tekst źródłaRuau, Olivier. "Applications de la microspectroscopie IRTF en modes transmission et réflexion spéculaire à la caractérisation chimique des matières organiques". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL146N.
Pełny tekst źródłaAkoum, Mohamed. "Méthode de mesure des matrices de réflexion et transmission en pression acoustique liées aux discontinuités dans les conduits cylindriques". Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMPD999.
Pełny tekst źródłaBaylard, Christophe. "Modélisation de la réflexion et de la transmission par une surface rugueuse aléatoire 2D : étude des effets non spéculaires". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECAP0519.
Pełny tekst źródłaGérard, Odile. "Propagation acoustique dans un milieu diphasique : eau-bulles d'air. Facteurs de réflexion et de transmission d'un rideau de bulles". Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX22009.
Pełny tekst źródłaSouissi, Adel. "Développement des méthodes numériques et expérimentales pour l'étude du champ acoustique de transducteurs ultrasonores en présence d'une interface fluide-solide (réflexion, transmission)". Compiègne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987COMPD096.
Pełny tekst źródłaGérardin, Benoit. "Manipulation et contrôle d'ondes élastiques guidées en milieux complexes". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC230/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWhatever their nature or the propagation medium, controlling the propagation of waves is of fundamental interest for many applications. On the one hand, one can tame wave-fields in order to take advantage of the complexity of the medium. On the other hand, one can force waves along desired paths through a careful design of manmade materials. In this thesis, we study those two aspects on the basis of laser-ultrasonic experiments involving the propagation of Lamb waves in elastic plates.The control of wave propagation through complex systems is first investigated by means of the scattering matrix approach. In diffusive media, theorists have demonstrated the existence of propagation channels either closed or open through which the wave can travel. The first part of this work present a direct experimental evidence of this result as well as the ability to fully transmit a wave through a disordered medium. In a second part, the measurement of the time-delay matrix allows the study of such channels in the time domain. They are shown to give rise to particle-like wave packets that remain focused in time and space throughout their trajectory in the medium.The second part of this thesis consists in studying the concepts of negative reflection and refraction for the manipulation of Lamb wave propagation. On the one hand, negative reflection is taken advantage of to perform a passive phase conjugation of Lamb waves. On the other hand, the notion of complementary media is investigated in order to cancel the diffraction of waves and cloak some areas of the plate
Bruneau-Poulin, Anne. "« Que restera-t-il de nous : Pour la suite du monde ? » : une étude de la tradition et du rôle des aînés dans la réflexion identitaire de Pierre Perrault, 1956-1999". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5402.
Pełny tekst źródłaJardin, Eric. "Détermination des coefficients de masquage et d'anéchoisme des matériaux acoustiques à partir de la mesure des coefficients de transmission et de réflexion de panneaux excités en incidence oblique ou de caractéristiques intrinsèques du matériau". Le Mans, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LEMA1022.
Pełny tekst źródłaBitar, Rajaa. "Auto-organisation de nanoparticules d'or dans un cristal liquide cholestérique : élaboration, structure et propriétés optiques". Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1565/.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuring my thesis, I worked on self-organization of gold nanoparticles (nps) in a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC). This work consists of two parts. The first part is devoted to the study of the cholesteric matrix before the introduction of nps. For this, we realized many studies starting from preparing the open film to the characterization of complementary imaging methods, and a study of the optical response. During this study, we discovered a new scenario to change the color of a cholesteric without modifying the extrinsic and intrinsic parameters of the material. This color change is controlled only by the annealing time which induces a change in the distribution of the helical axis at the interface with air and which propagates in the volume when the annealing time increases. This detailed study has allowed us to propose a 3D representation of our system. The second part of my thesis deals with the introduction of gold nps in the cholesteric matrix using in the first part. We defined a simple protocol to mix the two bodies, and make a film of CLC-nps. The fact that our compounds can fix the structure below 50 °C, helped us to show self-organization of nps by electron micrograph (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, we presented a multi-scale structural study going from the nanoscale to the macroscale, by additional imaging. These data do not exist in the literature even for neighboring systems, especially since most organizations studied were short scale and using microparticles. Finally, we defined the couple concentration of nps-film thickness CLC-nps as the parameters that control the self-organization of nps and decide of gold nanostructures obtained (fingerprints, double spirals, and targets)
Pometcu, Laura. "Matériaux et forme innovants pour l'atténuation en hyper fréquences". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S044/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe electromagnetic absorber materials are important elements for evaluating various electronic and civil systems. These materials are used, for example, for minimizing electromagnetic interferences (EMI) in different wireless components, for minimizing the radar cross section (RCS) or for usage in anechoic chambers. The latter application is the targeted work in this thesis. The objective of this work is to optimize the absorber materials used in anechoic chambers. The geometry and the material composition are the two parameters that influence the absorption of the electromagnetic wave inside the material itself. This are the two topics of optimization explored in this thesis. Our objective is to obtain material absorbers that have low reflection and transmission coefficients and high absorption in a large frequency band
Matta, Sandrine. "Propagation des ondes acoustiques dans une multicouche composée de couches viscoélastiques liquides, solides et poreuses". Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0035/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis proposes a general formalism to model the acoustic wave propagation in a multilayer consisting of any combination of fluid, isotropic elastic solid, and isotropic poroelastic layers, the method having the flexibility to be extended to include other layer-natures. At a first stage, a stable algorithm is developed, based on the recursive stiffness matrix approach, to model the propagation of a plane wave incident on the multilayer as a function of its incidence angle and frequency. This algorithm merges recursively the structureindividual layers stiffness matrices into one total stiffness matrix and allows then the calculation of the reflection and transmission coefficients, as well as the displacement and stress components inside the multilayer for every incident plane wave direction. Secondly, to model the propagation of a bounded incident wave beam, the angular spectrum technique is used which is based on the decomposition of this beam into a spectrum of plane waves traveling in different directions. The corresponding reflected wave beam in the incidence medium, and the transmitted wave beam in the transmission medium, as well as the fields distributions (displacement and stress components) inside the multilayer are obtained by summing the contribution of all the plane waves traveling in different directions. As a numerical application, a three-layered solid-porous-solid structure immersed in water is simulated. The resulting reflection and transmission as well as the displacement and stress components in the multilayer corresponding to both, the incident plane wave in different directions and the incident bounded beam reveal the stability of the method and the continuity of the displacements and stresses at the interfaces
Abdoulatuf, Antoisse. "Modélisation et simulation de la propagation d'ondes guidées dans des milieux élastiques en présence d'incertitudes : Application à la caractérisation ultrasonore". Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1011/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this thesis, we are interested in the modeling and simulation of the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the cortical bone. Precisely, we have studied and analyzed the Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) technique for the evaluation of the quality of bone tissue. It is an emerging technique those the application to bone tissue arouses particular interest in the scientific community. Since bone tissue is a living tissue, it is subject to aging and various pathologies, such osteoporosis, osteomalacia, osteoporomalacia, or the so-called Paget disease. To assist in therapeutic follow-up of the bone, monitoring of quality of bone tissue is essential. In this context, methods based on QUS technique are deemed to be interesting, due of their non-invasive, inexpensive, portable and non-ionizing characteristics. However, use the ultrasound in the context of characterization of bone tissue, requires a deep understanding of the different physical phenomena involved in their propagation. In this perspective, our work is developed in the modeling theme dedicated to the propagation of ultrasonic waves in multidimensional, heterogeneous, anisotropic waveguides, constituted of materials whose heterogeneity can be qualified as random. One of the originalities of this thesis concerns the study of the reflection and transmission coefficients and the dispersion curves in the presence of uncertainties in the material properties. In a first part, we study the reflection/transmission phenomena via a two-dimensional tri-layer model taking into account the soft tissues and the random heterogeneity of the bone tissue. We analyzed the impact of these characteristics on the reflection and transmission coefficients. A gradient of material properties is introduced, and its effect on the coefficients of interest is examined. The modal aspect of the waves is explored, by studying the dispersion of Lamb waves. The results obtained in a two-dimensional geometrical configuration made it possible to discuss the influence of the various parameters, in terms of mechanical and/or geometric properties, on the propagation of the ultrasonic waves in the cortical tissue. In a second part, the proposed model is extended for a cylindrical geometric configuration. The discussion is carried out in order to analyze the influence of the three-dimensional geometry of the bone on the phenomena of propagation
De, Valicourt Guilhem. "Conception, fabrication, et évaluation de modulateurs déportés pour les réseaux d'accès et radio sur fibre". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00677397.
Pełny tekst źródłaAppadoo, Owen Kevin. "Recherches et expérimentations artistiques en images numériques à base d'interférences : concevoir des personnages tridimensionnels grâce aux illusions visuelles des franges d'interférence volontairement perturbées". Phd thesis, Paris 8, 2006. http://octaviana.fr/document/119079542#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe ability to conceive in total abstraction calls upon the faculty that has our brain to fill what is not visible by the nearest image. That creates a visual illusion and then our imagination bring forward mental images. My research consists in presenting an artistic concept using interferences and illusions to create three-dimensional characters. Also this thesis is composed in two sections. The first section is a general study on the properties of light, optical and the method to create interferences. The second section is based on my practical work. I explain, step by step, how to conceive three-dimensional characters due to visual illusions obtained through interference rings disturbed on purpose
Saïd, Didier. "Étude théorique et numérique des vibrations de structures soumises à des chocs pyrotechniques". Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DENS0020.
Pełny tekst źródłaLambert, Jean-François. "Cristallogénèse et caractérisation physico-chimiques et optiques des matériaux semiconducteurs AIn2Te4 (A = Cd, Zn et Mn). Leurs potentialités comme modulateurs dans la bande spectrale 1,06-10,6 micromètres". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136625.
Pełny tekst źródłaZhu, Guang. "Wave propagation analysis in complex medium based on second strain gradient theory". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEC045.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this work, two enriched models respectively describing non-classical longitudinal motion in bars, and non-classical bending and shear motion in beams, are established based on Mindlin's Second Strain Gradient (SSG) theory. The latter can describe heterogeneity caused by complex micro-structure interaction in the frame of continuum mechanics. The multi-scale modelling starts with expressing the SSG theory based strain energy, kinetic energy and virtual work done by external forces, then the governing equations and the associated boundary conditions are derived with the utilization of Hamilton principle. Lattice model corresponding to 1D longitudinal motion is proposed to map the long range interactions to higher order material constants in SSG theory.Due to the local behavior of underlying micro-structures, Wave propagation features in SSG theory continua are significantly different. With the formulated SSG theory based rod model, dispersion relation of non-classical longitudinal wave accompanying with two evanescent waves are investigated. Meanwhile, non-classical bending wave and shear wave together with four evanescent waves are also investigated with the SSG theory based Timoshenko beam model. The investigations are based on the modal density of the propagating waves, energy flow involving higher order kinetic parameters, mobility of the non-classical structures, vibrating power transfer in spatial position, and forced response analysis of enriched rod as well as enriched beam. The frequency response results are validated by FEM approach resulting from COMSOL.With employing the proposed enriched rod model and beam model, vibration transmission and reflection characteristics through planar interface between two SSG theory based mediums are studied. The study is conducted on transmission and reflection coefficients of longitudinal wave in non-classical rod, and bending wave in non-classical beam, based on which energy distribution and attenuation in reflected waves and in transmitted waves are discussed. Wave transmission and reflection through a certain length of SSG theory based rod is also investigated.With utilization of the derived enriched beam model, wave radiation from infinite vibrating surface is studied. Radiation characteristics including square velocity of the vibrating surface, radiation impedance and radiated pressure field are achieved, and these enriched characteristics are interpreted combining with wave propagation characters in non-classical beam structure. Wave radiation from baffled finite beam is investigated with employing the direct boundary integral formulation based on the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral theorem.The influences of local behavior caused by complex micro-structure interactions are discussed and well interpreted based on results of SSG model and classical model
Sagnard, Florence. "Etudes de Propagation et de Rayonnement pour le Développement des Futurs Systèmes de Communication". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Marne la Vallée, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00340853.
Pełny tekst źródłaDans le cadre de l'élaboration d'outils de prédiction déterministe de la propagation à l'in-
térieur de bâtiments, entrepris à l'ESYCOM (Marne-La-Vallée) en bande étroite et à l'IETR
(Rennes) en ultra-large bande, nous avons cherché à développer une documentation précise
associée aux comportements de deux éléments du canal de propagation, les matériaux et les
antennes ; l'implémentation de cette documentation dans les simulateurs de canal nécessitera
encore un peu de temps. Notre travail a consisté à développer deux modules particulièrement
originaux traitant, dans les domaines fréquentiel et temporel, de modélisations analytique et
numérique, ainsi que de la caractérisation des matériaux et des antennes à l'aide de bancs de
mesure spéciÞquement réalisés. La spéciÞcité des études conduites tient à la modélisation des
réponses de ces éléments dans le domaine temporel; notamment, nous avons montré que l'ex-
citation d'un matériau par une impulsion génère des échos successifs déformés et atténués dont
l'allure dépend de sa structure (porosité, dimension des grains,...) et des conditions initiales
(température, humidité, ...). Aussi, l'excitation d'une antenne de type résonante produit des
signaux, qui au premier ordre, ont l'allure de la dérivée du signal incident mais ayant subi une
distorsion qui dépend de l'angle d'observation. Ainsi, nous avons remarqué que la largeur de
l'impulsion d'excitation influe non seulement sur l'allure des impulsions rayonnées dans l'espace,
mais aussi sur la direction du maximum de rayonnement. Cette propriété remarquable permet
d'envisager la focalisation d'une antenne ULB dans une direction particulière en modifiant la
durée et la forme de l'impulsion d'excitation. En prévision de l'analyse des trajets multiples d'un canal de propagation ultra-large bande, nous avons abordé leur identiÞcation à l'aide d'al-
gorithmes Haute Résolution (HR) en considérant le canal généré par un matériau du bâtiment.
Les algorithmes, MUSIC modiÞé et Faisceau de matrices, sont fondés sur l'analyse spectrale
paramétrique des données et prennent en compte la dispersion fréquentielle. Ils ont permis de
reconstruire la réponse impulsionnelle de matériaux caractérisés en réflexion.
La modélisation d'une chaîne de transmission a été de plus abordée dans le cadre d'études de
faisabilité du projet "internet-pêche" qui vise à doter des ßotilles de pêche de longueur inférieure
à 25 mètres d'une connexion internet par liaison sans Þl aux fréquences MF-HF ([2 ; 30] MHz).
Une modélisation statistique de la surface de la mer, remuée par le vent, pour un profil de relief
sous-marin donné, a été proposée. Puis, nous avons implémenté le modèle de propagation du
terrain irrégulier afin de rendre compte de la présence d'ondes de sol se propageant sur une
surface de mer considérée comme rugueuse.
Guo, Xinxin. "Nonlinear architected metasurfaces for acoustic wave scattering manipulation". Thesis, Le Mans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LEMA1030/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn recent years, acoustic metamaterials have proven to be of great interest for their ability to achieve a variety of wave control at sub-wavelength scale. In particular, acoustic metasurfaces have shown their ability to manipulate waves from the boundaries of propagation media, via the reflection, transmission and refraction processes. Unlike the linear regime which has been extensively investigated in acoustic metamaterials, studies of the nonlinear acoustic properties of metamaterials, especially nonlinear acoustic metasurfaces, are quite scarce, despite the possibility to lead to a rich and diverse set of non-trivial acoustic phenomena. The key limitations in the development of nonlinear acoustic metamaterials are the typically weak efficiency of their nonlinear response together with the lack of control on this nonlinearity. This PhD research is thus dedicated to the design of nonlinear elastic metamaterial and metasurface architectures, enabling acoustic wave control in the nonlinear regime. Specifically, the conversion effect from a fundamental wave to its second harmonic is studied through the one-dimensional scattering process (reflection and transmission) by metasurfaces. This requires the elastic nonlinearity management, realized via the discrete modeling of lumped-element systems and architectures made of rotating units. Such designed metasurfaces, resonating and with harnessed nonlinearity, can create unusual nonlinear acoustic effects, potentially interesting for wave control. This research open the path to a more systematic study of nonlinear acoustic wave manipulation by metamaterials
Tayong, Boumda Rostand. "Propriétés acoustiques de systèmes incorporant des plaques micro-perforées et des matériaux absorbants sous forts niveaux d'excitation". Thesis, Dijon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DIJOS066/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work deals with the acoustical properties of systems incorporating Micro-Perforated Panels (MPP) and absorbing materials under high level of excitation.In the first chapter, absorbent systems composed of an air-cavity backed MPP are studied at high level of excitations. An analytical model involving two dimensionless parameters and an optimum Mach number is proposed. This model describes the behavior of the maximum of absorption coefficient (absorption coefficient at the resonance) with respect to the Mach number inside the perforations. A formula is proposed that predicts the variations of the absorption peak with the acoustical Mach number.In the second chapter, the holes interaction effects are studied theoretically and experimentally under high levels of excitations. Following an equivalent fluid approach, a model for which the tortuosity is corrected to account for the holes interaction effects coupled to the jet-like effects is developed. Multi-layered absorbents composed of MPP and porous materials are then studied under high level of excitations. The case where the multi-layers are directly attached to a rigid wall and the case where there is an air cavity before the rigid wall are examined. Forchheimer's law is used to model each medium of the multi-layer and the use of the transfer matrix method is made to account for these media.Sound transmission study under high level of excitation is introduced. The perspectives of this work are numerous and promising in the acoustics of transportation systems applications