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1
Wheatley, Melissa Jane 1969. "Ecology of populations and assemblages of temperate reef fish in Port Phillip Bay, Australia". Monash University, Dept. of Biological Sciences, 2000. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8776.
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Riegl, Bernhard. "Taxonomy and ecology of South African reef corals". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9666.
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Bibliography: p. 492-494.This thesis provides a complete taxonomic review of South African hermatypic Scleractinian reef corals, a description of coral communities on northern Natal coral reefs, experiments isolating the influence of the most important abiotic factors forcing these communities and finally management suggestions for the marine reserves within which these reefs are situated, based on the results of the ecological investigation. The taxonomic part reviews the entire hermatypic scleractinian coral fauna of South Africa and Southern Mozambique, including also material from the Atoll Bassas da India in the Mozambique channel. The study of coral communities on Northern Natal coral reefs revealed major differences in the nature of the reefs and the community structure of the reef corals from typical coral reefs in the Inda-Pacific. The study lead to the assumption that wave-action and sedimentation are the most important abiotic factors influencing these coral communities. These hypotheses were experimentally tested in the field and in the laboratory, using indicator species for specific community types, as identified in the community study. Testing fragment survival of the hard coral Acropora austera confirmed the assumption that wave action is an important factor shaping coral communities by only allowing this species to dominate in depths greater than 18m. Four hard- and five soft coral species were used to quantify the effects of sedimentation on the coral communities. It was demonstrated that long-term sedimentation had greater influence on soft corals than on hard corals, leading to tissue necroses and local bleaching. These experiments confirmed the assumption that sedimentation is a major forcing factor on South African coral communities. The final part of thesis provides management options for the St. Lucia and Maputaland Marine Reserves focussing on conservation of the coral communities. The findings obtained in the ecological investigation allowed to identify which activities in the reserves have to be controlled in order to minimize damage to the coral communities by park visitors.
3
Siebeck, Ulrike Elisabeth. "UV vision and visual ecology of reef fish /". St. Lucia, Qld, 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16520.pdf.
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Waller, Samantha Jane. "Ontogenetic colour change and visual ecology of reef fish /". Online version, 2005. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/20815.
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Puebla, Oscar. "Molecular ecology and evolution in "Hypoplectrus" coral reef fishes". Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95551.
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The marine environment presents fewer absolute geographic barriers to gene flow than its terrestrial and freshwater counterparts. In addition, the prevalence of planktonic larval stages in marine taxa provides potential for gene flow across large geographic distances. These observations raise two fundamental questions. How do new species arise in the marine environment? Considering the potential for gene flow in marine systems, it remains unclear to what extent allopatric speciation alone can account for the high levels of diversity observed in the marine realm, whether marine speciation also operates in the presence of gene flow, and if it does under what specific mechanisms. How far do planktonic larvae travel with marine currents? The generally low levels of genetic structure among marine populations suggests extensive dispersal, yet planktonic larvae are notoriously difficult to track owing to their small size and as a consequence the spatial scale of marine dispersal is still largely eluding ecologists. Here, I consider brightly colored coral reef fishes in the genus Hypop/ectrus (Serranidae) as a model system to address these two questions. I demonstrate the potential for ecological speciation with gene flow to operate in this system through the pleiotropic effect of color pattern, which appears to be involved both in mimicry and mate choice. I show that local processes are operating at the Caribbean scale in this system, suggesting dispersal limitation. I test and confirm this hypothesis by reporting genetic isolation by distance in the barred hamlet (Hypop/ectrus puel/a) at spatial scales ranging from 175 to 3,200 km. In order to estimate mean dispersal distance, I complement genetic data with SCUBA surveys of population densities covering 94,000 m2 of reef and provide dispersal estimates ranging between 2 and 14 km for specific dispersal functions notwithstanding the three-week pelagic larval stage of H. puel/a and very low levels of genetic structure aL'environnement marin présente moins de barrières au flux génétique que ses équivalents terrestres et d'eau douce. De plus, les phases planctoniques larvaires prévalences chez les espèces marines peuvent potentiellement maintenir un flux génétique a travers de grandes distances géographiques. Ces observations soulèvent deux questions fondamentales. Comment se développent de nouvelles espèces dans le milieu marin? Considérant le flux génétique potentiellement important, il demeure incertain dans quelle mesure la spéciation allopatrique peut expliquer la grande diversité observée dans le milieu marin, si la speciation opère également en présence de "flux génétique, et si oui par quels mécanismes. Quelle distance parcourent les phases larvaires planctoniques avec les courants marins? La structure génétique généralement faible parmi les populations marines suggère une dispersion extensive, mais les larves planctoniques sont notoirement difficiles a suivre en raison de leur petite taille et par conséquent I’ échelle spatiale de la dispersion marine échappe encore largement aux écologues.lci, je considère les poissons de récifs coralliens brillamment colores du genre HypopJectrus (Serranidae) comme systeme modèle pour aborder ces deux questions. Je démontre comment la speciation écologique avec flux génétique peut opérer dans ce système par I’ effet plëiotropique du patron de coloration, qui semble être impliquée dans le mimétisme ainsi que dans le choix d'un partenaire sexuel. Je montre que des processus locaux opèrent a I’ échelle des Caraïbes dans ce systeme, ce qui suggère une dispersion limitée. Je teste et confirme cette hypothèse en reportant de I’ isolement génétique par la distance chez HypopJectrus puella des échelles spatiales allant de 175 a3,200 km. Afin d'estimer la distance de dispersion moyenne je complémente les données génétiques avec des relèves de densités de population couvrant
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Harborne, Alastair R. "The ecology of coral reef communities at seascape scales". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439125.
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Ringeltaube, Petra. "Taxonomy and ecology of non-geniculate coralline algae (corallinales, rhodophyta) on Heron Reef (Great Barrier Reef) /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16297.pdf.
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Mason, Benjamin M. "The importance of detritus and microenvironment nutrient enrichment to the growth of coral reef macroalgae, Halimeda and Dictyota /". Electronic version (PDF), 2004. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2004/masonb/benjaminmason.html.
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Ames, Cory. "Reef Fish Assemblage Biogeography Along the Florida Reef Tract". NSUWorks, 2017. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/459.
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Understanding the biogeography of reef fish assemblages is paramount to reef conservation, management, and conducting appropriate population survey designs. Reef fish assemblages are a multispecies complex of reef-associated fish and are shaped by multiple environmental and biological factors (e.g. temperature, depth, benthic habitat, and topographic relief), which determine the species constituents residing in an area. Assemblages typically change with latitude where the number of families, genera, and/or densities of species specific to warmer climates decrease poleward into colder climate regimes. The Florida Reef Tract (FRT) extends for 595 km from the Dry Tortugas in the south-west to Martin County in the north, crossing a sub-tropical to temperate climate transition. This study investigates the biogeography of reef fish assemblages throughout the FRT to determine if they correspond to previous regional delineations that were primarily based on coastal geomorphology. Multivariate density analyses show that depth, habitat, relief, and region are major factors in determining the assemblages. Four main ecoregions were evident based on depth, benthic habitat, relief and latitudinal region: Dry Tortugas (DT), Florida Keys (FK), Southeast mainland (SE), and Bahamas Fracture Zone (BF). DT split into four biogeographic assemblage regions primarily based on depth, and relief. FK split into five biogeographic assemblage regions with a sixth extending through Broward County primarily based on depth, habitat type, and relief. SE split into four biogeographic assemblage regions primarily based on depth, and region. BF split into three biogeographic assemblage regions primarily based on depth, and region. These sixteen assemblages represent the current composition of reef fish based on four factors. Numerous other factors also affect reef fish assemblages (e.g. past and present fishing pressure, mangrove nursery habitat, and coral death) that were not part of the analysis but are discussed. The final reef fish assemblage regions were associated with previous benthic habitat maps in order to view their spatial extent. Having a map of current biogeographic reef fish assemblages serves as a baseline and allows more accurate management and monitoring of future reef fish populations.
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Sancho, Gorka (Gorka Antonio Sancho-Bizcarrondo) 1968. "Behavioral ecology of coral reef fishes at spawning aggregation sites". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55320.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Biological Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 1998.Includes bibliographical references.
by Gorka Sancho.
Ph.D.
11
Nicholls, Thaddeus Allen. "Decadal-Scale Changes on Coral Reefs in Quintana Roo, Mexico". DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/238.
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In 1988 data on coral reef community composition were collected from two areas, Akumal and Chemuyil, Quintana Roo, Mexico, ranging from 5-35m depth. These areas were revisited in 2005 and data were collected by the same methods and at the same depths as in 1988. Data from 1988 and 2005 were compared to determine if the coral reefs had undergone significant changes, and what specific changes had occurred. Chi-square analysis determined that community composition data collected in 1988 are significantly different from data collected in 2005 at all sites and depths within the categories of corals, gorgonians, sponges, and macroalgae. Mann-Whitney U analyses were performed on abundance data for coral, gorgonians, sponges, macroalgae, crustose coralline algae, erect coralline algae/calcareous algae, filamentous/multi-species turf algae, and non-living substrate. Results from the Mann-Whitney U analysis varied between sites; however significant trends of increasing macroalgae, crustose coralline algae and filamentous/multi-species turf, and declining non-living substrate were observed at almost all sites. H' biodiversity indices J' evenness values and species number (S) were calculated for all sites over the two time periods, with no discernable trends observed. Increases in crustose coralline algae and filamentous/multi-species turf algae suggest that eutrophication and overfishing may be responsible for the trends observed on the reefs at Akumal and Chemuyil. Anecdotal accounts also suggest that eutrophication from septic water flowing through the highly porous karst limestone of the Yucatan Peninsula may be the largest malefactor causing the observed changes. The increase in filamentous/multi-species turf algae exhibited by the data suggests that eutrophication is predominantly responsible for the alternate states of the reefs. Furthermore, evidences indicative of other forms of stress on the reefs, such as bleaching, scraped or broken coral heads, disease, and sedimentation, were rarely observed.
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Hornbeck, Joseph R. "A Comparison of the Ichthyofaunal Trophic Ecology at Selected Limestone Artificial Reef Sites and Adjacent Natural Reef Sites". NSUWorks, 2017. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/438.
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Artificial reefs may enhance the biological production of reef-associated flora and fauna, but their trophic structure relative to that of natural reefs remains understudied. We assessed trophic dynamics by comparing δ13C and δ15N in 43 fish species from artificial and natural reef tracts of Broward County, Florida. We tested the effect of sampling location (artificial, first, and second reef), general feeding strategy (herbivore, omnivore, planktivore, invertivore, and carnivore), phylogeny, and standard length. For all samples, δ13C and δ15N ranged from -19.5 to -13.1‰ and 6.7 to 13.3‰, respectively. Lower trophic level feeding behavior resulted in more depleted δ13C and δ15N and higher trophic level feeding behavior resulted in more enriched δ13C and δ15N. We detected significant effects of both general feeding strategy and phylogeny. We also detected significant differences in δ13C and δ15N profiles between artificial and natural reefs; however, these differences were not great enough to suggest changes in the feeding strategy or trophic dynamics of individual fish taxa.
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Fisco, Dana. "Reef Fish Spatial Distribution and Benthic Habitat Associations on the Southeast Florida Reef Tract". NSUWorks, 2016. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/408.
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The Florida Reef Tract (FRT) extends from the tropical Caribbean up the southeast coast of Florida into a temperate environment where tropical reef assemblages diminish with increasing latitude. This study used data from a three-year comprehensive fishery-independent survey to quantify reef fish spatial distribution along the Southeast FRT and define where the assemblage shifts from tropical to temperate. A total of 1,676 reef fish visual census samples were conducted to assess the populations on a stratified-random selection of sites of marine hardbottom habitats between the Miami River and St. Lucie inlet. Multivariate analyses were used to investigate differences in assemblages among sites. Depth (m), general habitat (reef or hardbottom), and slope (high or low) strata were examined to explain the dissimilarities between assemblages. A general trend of cold-tolerant temperate fish dominated the northern assemblages and more tropical species dominated further south. Seven reef fish assemblage biogeographic regions were determined. In shallow habitats the data clustered in three spatial regions: One south of Hillsboro inlet, one in Northern Palm Beach south of Lake Worth inlet, and one north of Lake Worth inlet. The assemblage in deep habitats mainly split in close proximity to the Bahamas Fracture Zone south of Lake Worth Inlet. The presence of reef habitat aided in splitting the southern assemblage regions from the northern all-hardbottom assemblage regions in both the shallow and deep habitats. Substrate relief was significantly correlated with the differences in the northernmost deep assemblages but did not appear to affect the remainder of the shallow and deep assemblages. This bioregional study creates a baseline assessment of reef fish assemblages of the Southeast FRT for future analyses.
14
Olds, Andrew D. "Seascape Ecology and Conservation: Connectivity and Reserves in the Western Pacific". Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365329.
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In response to the growing human population and our impacts on the environment, we design programs for conservation, restoration and rehabilitation to maintain and
enhance productivity, biodiversity and ecosystem resilience. To ensure the greatest
return on these investments, there is an implicit requirement for identifying
disproportionately important species, processes and landscape elements as high-value
targets for conservation and management. Connectivity is commonly favoured among
these because it provides the mechanism for reserves to sustain exploited populations
beyond their borders, and is critical for reversing the ecosystem impacts of trophic
cascades. Few studies have, however, adopted a quantitative approach, like that
provided under the framework of landscape ecology, to assess the value of
connectivity in conservation. This conceptual division between the disciplines of
conservation and landscape ecology must be bridged to better enable the
management of healthy functioning ecosystems.
This thesis used heterogeneous reef seascapes in Moreton Bay, Queensland, as a
model system for examining the potential effect of connectivity in enhancing marine
reserve performance. A positive effect of connectivity between mangroves and coral
reefs was demonstrated on the performance of marine reserves, including effects on
productivity, biodiversity and ecological resilience. This finding represents a critical first
step in improving the integration of spatial ecology into conservation planning and
assessment. This thesis then illustrates how neighbouring mangroves and seagrasses
can exert different effects on reef fish assemblages and extends our current
understanding of the role of connectivity in reef seascapes. This indicates that a reef’s
position in the seascape can be of greater significance to the composition of fish
assemblages than its area or complexity, and highlights the shortcoming of
management approaches that focus solely on representing measures of habitat area,
complexity or condition. Herbivorous fish play a key role in coral reef seascapes; by
removing algae they promote coral growth and recruitment, and help to increase
resilience. Habitat connectivity and reserves both influence herbivore populations and
herbivory, but their potential interactive effects have not been investigated. This thesis
shows that these factors can indeed exert synergistic effects on herbivore populations
and grazing intensity, which facilitated a trophic cascade that reduced algal cover and
enhanced coral recruitment and reef resilience on protected reefs near mangroves.
The effects of reserves and connectivity for fish assemblages were then extended from
a local to regional scale, by examining the potential interaction of these factors across
the tropical and subtropical waters of the western Pacific Ocean. Habitat connectivity
improved the performance of marine reserves across this region, and spatial variation
in the magnitude of the reserve-connectivity interaction was explained by differences
among reserves in the area of mangroves and reef, duration of mangrove inundation
and distance to rivers.
The management of heterogeneous inshore reef ecosystems as functional seascape
units is considered necessary for preservation of critical interconnections among
habitats. By further improving our understanding of seascape ecology and connectivity,
and by incorporating this field of research into conservation ecology and decisionmaking,
we should expect to have greater success in restoring exploited populations
and the functioning of ecosystems.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
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Colden, Allison M. "Biophysical Control of Oyster Reef Performance in Chesapeake Bay". W&M ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1593092090.
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Anticamara, Jonathan Alburo. "Ecology of recovering degraded reef communities within no-take marine reserves". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/7916.
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No-take marine reserves are a highly advocated tool to recover degraded marine ecosystems, but we have limited evidence as to how marine reserves facilitate recovery of marine communities. To address this limitation, we conducted monthly underwater visual censuses over three years on 423 reef fish species in eight sites where fishing had been excluded for different lengths of time. We then used our data to assess four impacts of protection within no-take marine reserves in the central Philippines: (1) magnitudes and rates of reef fish community recovery; (2) changes in reef fish diversity; (3) patterns of reef fish community succession; and (4) shifts in community interactions, based on distributions of pairwise correlations among reef fish species biomass. We found that total fish biomass increased with the duration of protection, but total fish abundance and species richness or diversity were both more influenced by site location than by reserve age. In addition, large-bodied herbivores drove the biomass recovery in older marine reserves, while small-bodied zoobenthivores and zooplanktivores influenced the higher abundance in offshore sites. Moreover, our results showed that ubiquitous large-bodied herbivore species (e.g. Chlorurus bleekeri) increased in biomass dominance in older reserves, whereas ubiquitous medium-bodied species (e.g. Thalassoma lunare) lost biomass dominance. Our non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) representation of reef fish community trajectories with duration of protection showed convergent trends in sites within similar locations relative to the mainland. Finally, the frequency distribution of pairwise correlation values among species biomass time-series within each site showed positive mean values regardless of protection-duration, as is typical of disturbed or high diversity systems. Indeed, less than ten percent of common species (those present in ≥50% of the 33 monthly surveys) within each site showed significant decline over time, while about 40 percent showed significant increase. In summary, our research provides comprehensive evidence on how marine reserves recover depleted reef fish communities. However, it also emphasizes that understanding of reef ecological processes could improve marine reserve site selection and design in order to meet specific conservation goals of marine reserve establishment.
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Glasspool, Anne Fiona. "Larval distribution, population structure and gene flow in Bermuda's reef fish". Thesis, Cardiff University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387188.
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Harwell, Heather D. "Landscape aspects of oyster reefs : fragmentation and habitat utilization /". Electronic version (PDF), 2004. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2004/harwellh/heatherharwell.pdf.
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Widman, Elizabeth. "Trait similarity vs species similarity in coral reef ecology : test of improved monitoring methods using Southwest Madagascar reefs". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/57082/.
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Trait-based approaches are emerging in various fields of ecology, and are here developed for coral reefs. ‘Traits’ means biological characteristics of each species; thus closely related species may have different traits and distantly related species may share common traits. This promotes understanding of a system better than using species alone. Chapter One summarizes existing methods, mostly from plant ecology, explores their utility for corals, and an extensive review then extracts candidate Scleractinian traits (Chapter Two). A dataset of 26 key traits from 231 species from Southwest Madagascar was then collected using 68 reefs of several typologies along several natural and ‘use’ gradients (Chapter Three). This used over 7,000 photo-quadrats on reefs spanning over 200 km (Chapter Four). Trait-based approaches require species-level identification. However, where species are difficult to distinguish, a species-replacement methodology facilitated translation of species to trait-combinations (Chapter Four). Inter-specific trait similarity between the 231 corals and their 26 traits is examined (Chapter Five). In total, 13 groups of corals with highly similar trait-combinations were identified, in which species are functionally equivalent and which therefore can be considered as functionally interchangeable parts in the ecosystem. However, because one quarter of species had unique trait combinations, a functional group approach to surveying reefs may not adequately describe existing trait diversity. Therefore a methodological alternative to using functional groups alone was developed. A trait-based similarity coefficient (Tsim) was developed to take into account both species and trait combination similarities between reefs (Chapter Six). A R-based package that calculates and visualizes Tsim is provided. Tsim’s characteristics were compared to species-based coefficients (Renkonen similarity). Tsim identifies functionally similar reefs missed using species identity alone (Chapters Six and Seven), and can be used to determine reefs that have highly similar trait combinations while being very dissimilar in terms of species.
20
Barreto, Felipe S. "Assortative mating as a barrier to gene flow in a coral reef fish species flock /". Electronic version (PDF), 2003. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2003/barretof/felipebarreto.pdf.
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Waltho, Nigel. "The appearance of stochastic control in fish communities on coral reefs : a hierarchical approach to system organization /". *McMaster only, 1997.
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Sun, Yanan. "Biodiversity and phylogeny of coral-associated polychaetes". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2011. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1278.
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Gustavson, Kent Richard. "Economic production from the coral reef fisheries of Jamaica and captured ecosystem values". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ37342.pdf.
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Santora, Karen A. "Abundance and diversity of culturable bacteria from healthy and suspect white plague type II-infected corals in the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary". Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3074.
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Thesis (M.S.)--George Mason University, 2008.Vita: p. 103. Thesis director: Robert B. Jonas. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Science and Policy. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed July 3, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-102). Also issued in print.
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Zapata, Fernando Alberto. "Local and regional patterns of distribution and abundance in marine reef fishes". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184983.
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Local and regional patterns of distribution and abundance are documented in marine rocky-reef fishes. Chapter one describes limits of distribution and patterns of density variation of two fishes in a northern Gulf of California intertidal shore. The density of Sonora gobies (Gobiosoma chiquita) increases with tidal height over its intertidal range (-1.2 to 0.9 m), whereas the density of patchscale gobies (Gobiosoma sp.) decreases from the subtidal zone to 0.6 m above mean low water level. Both species exhibit higher densities during the warmer season when intertidal temperature gradients are weaker than during the colder season. Sonora gobies show a broader range of temperature tolerance than patchscale gobies but there is no evidence of shifts in distribution between seasons suggesting that the distributions of these species are not determined by temperature. Interspecific interactions may contribute to the patterns of intertidal distribution and abundance in these species despite the rigorous physical environment of the area. Chapter two documents a positive correlation between average local abundance and extent of geographic distribution in rocky-shore fishes from the Gulf of California. This correlation is not an artifact of sampling an arbitrarily defined region and is unlikely to be an artifact of sampling bias. The occurrence of this relationship in a variety of organisms suggests that the processes responsible for this pattern are likely to be similar in both terrestrial and marine environments despite fundamental differences between the two. Chapter three demonstrates that egg type and adult body size explain a considerable portion of the variation in extent of geographic range in marine reef fishes. Species with pelagic eggs have larger geographic ranges, longer larval lives, and larger body sizes than species with non-pelagic eggs. Small species with non-pelagic eggs show smaller geographic ranges than any other combination of body size and egg type. These biogeographic patterns predict a greater degree of genetic isolation among populations, and a greater species turnover over evolutionary time in clades of small species with non-pelagic eggs than in clades of species with other combinations of body size and egg type.
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Simpson, Stephen D. "Behavioural ecology of larval reef fishes and its consequences for adult demography". Thesis, University of York, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403868.
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Bijoux, Jude peter. "Reef fish spawning aggregation sites : the ecology of aggregating and resident species". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4013.
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Les sites d'agrégation de ponte (AP) sont des zones où des poissons d'une même espèce se rassemblent pour frayer. En dépit de leur importance dans la reproduction de nombreuses espèces de poissons des récifs coralliens, bien peu de sites d'AP sont gérés. Le but de cette étude est d'améliorer la compréhension générale sur l'écologie des sites d'AP en vue de faciliter la gestion. L'étude, réalisée aux Seychelles, se concentre sur les individus regroupant sur les sites d'AP pour frayer et aussi sur ceux résidant sur ces sites. La télémétrie acoustique et le recensement visuel sous-marin ont, ici, été employé comme principaux outils d'observation des espèces formant des agrégations de reproduction (cordonnier (Siganus sutor), mérou camouflage (Epinephelus polyphekadion) et mérou marbré (E. fuscoguttatus)) et des espèces résidant sur les sites d'AP. Les détections acoustiques ont montré que les individus de S. sutor présentent une grande fidélité à leur site de ponte et une périodicité liée à la période de pleine lune. Par ailleurs, les agrégations de ponte d'E. fuscoguttatus et E. polyphekadion se chevauchent spatialement et temporellement avec une forte périodicité liée à la nouvelle lune. La formation d'AP de E. fuscoguttatus et E. polyphekadion provoque des changements complexes dans l'assemblage de poissons résidents sur le site. L'effet de la phase lunaire sur les assemblages de poissons résidant sur les sites d'AP de S. Sutor apparait être dépendant de l'échelle considérée. Les informations sur la dynamique spatiale et temporelle des espèces étudiée sont utilisées pour proposer des mesures de gestion susceptibles d'améliorer la protection des sites d'APFish spawning aggregation (FSA) sites are areas where repeated concentration of conspecific fish gathers for the purpose of spawning. Despite of their importance in the reproduction of many coral reef fishes, few FSA sites are actively managed. The aim of this study, conducted in the Seychelles, was to improve general understanding on the ecology of FSA sites to facilitate their management. It focuses on both the individuals that aggregate at FSA sites to spawn and those that are resident at FSA sites. Acoustic telemetry and underwater visual census were used to study three species that form spawning aggregations (spinefoot shoemaker (Siganus sutor), Camouflage grouper (Epinephelus polyphekadion) and Brown-marbled grouper (E. fuscoguttatus)) and the resident fish assemblages at FSA sites. Acoustic detections found individual S. sutor to have high fidelity to individual FSA sites and to show significant periodicity with the full moon period in the timing of their arrival and departure from FSA sites. Conversely, spawning aggregations of E. fuscoguttatus and E. polyphekadion overlapped spatially and temporally, with strong periodicity for spawning aggregation to form with the new moon period. The formation of E. fuscoguttatus and E. polyphekadion FSAs caused complex changes in the fish assemblage that is resident at the FSA site. The effect of lunar phase on the resident fish assemblages at S. sutor FSA sites appeared to be scale-dependent, having greater impact at the larger than the smaller FSA site. Information on the spatial and temporal dynamics of aggregating and resident fish species is used to propose management actions to improve the protection of FSA sites
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O'Shea, Owen. "The ecology and biology of stingays (Dasyatidae) at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia". Thesis, O'Shea, Owen (2012) The ecology and biology of stingays (Dasyatidae) at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2012. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/13760/.
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Batoids make up a significant portion of the biomass in coastal and nearshore ecosystems, yet few data are available on the functional role and life history characteristics of rays in these environments. Given their conservative life history traits and vulnerability to extrinsic pressures, urgent information is required to further understand this little known group of fishes. The objectives of this research were to assess the biological and ecological characteristics of tropical stingrays at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia. More specifically, I wanted to quantify the physical and biological impacts associated with predation by stingrays, prey specificity and trophic resource partitioning and age and growth of five sympatric species (Himantura uarnak, Neotrygon kuhlii, Pastinachus atrus, Taeniura lymma and Urogymnus asperrimus). A technical assessment for safe and ethical lethal sampling protocols for large dasyatid rays is discussed as a foundation to the research that was conducted for this degree. Strict codes of practice for the welfare of animals in scientific research demand up to date methodologies for ethical consideration, especially where death is an endpoint. Safe and humane techniques were developed as part of this study in order to sample the rays required using lethal methods. These techniques proved successful with both considerations met and it is hoped, will provide a framework for safe practices for any future work where lethal sampling of large, potentially hazardous demersal elasmobranchs is required. Age and growth parameter estimates were evaluated for these five species by sectioning and counting calcium band-pair deposition in vertebral samples. Due to less than ideal sample sizes on account of logistical constraints, a multi-analytical approach was adopted to optimise parameter estimates and generate realistic results. This included using a Bayesian framework to approximate the posterior distribution of the growth parameters. Growth rates of smaller-bodied species were faster than for larger-bodied species, but longevity was shorter. The oldest recorded age from these samples was 27 years and although validation was not possible, annual deposition is assumed based on previous accounts of similar species. This is the first time that growth parameter estimates in dasyatid rays have been assessed using this approach, yet the application is highly relevant for other rare, vulnerable or endangered species where optimal sample sizes may not be possible. The characterisation of ray diets was assessed through stomach content analysis from 170 individuals of five species. Five broad taxonomic prey categories were common to all species of ray; however, H. uarnak is shown to be a crustacean specialist while the remaining four species showed high levels of overlap within their diets. Assessment of the physical impacts related to stingray foraging within an intertidal embayment, previously identified as an area of intense feeding by rays, demonstrated high levels of sediment excavation. As a direct result of bioturbation by stingrays over 21 days, 760 kg of sediment was excavated from an experimental area of 1,500 m2. Predation effects by rays were examined by experimentally manipulating densities in fixed areas to prevent feeding. Results indicated that some, but not all prey-taxa differed significantly in abundance between treatment and controls. Sampling also allowed a quantitative assessment of infaunal taxa common within the Marine Park, and the potential importance as a prey source for rays, as well as other epibenthic predators. Throughout the course of this study, a new species locality record and parasite-host relationships was described for the parasitic leech Pterobdella amara and Himantura leoparda and Urogymnus asperrimus. This is the first time this leech has been encountered in Western Australia and in combination with a significant gnathiid isopod larvae infestation; the effects on an individual stingray are documented. A methods paper is also included in this thesis detailing a cost-effective method of tag attachment and retrieval for short-term tracking in reef associated elasmobranchs. Field-testing of galvanic timed releases and the practical application in tagging two individual sharks (Carcharhinus melanopterus) and three large stingrays (Pastinachus atrus n = 2 and Urogymnus asperrimus n = 1) are discussed. Preliminary results of these short-term tracks demonstrated that these methods are a rapid and effective means of tagging elasmobranchs with limited impact on the animal’s welfare. This research is the first of its kind at Ningaloo Reef and details critical functional processes and highlights the ecological significance of rays within coral reef environments. It also details current methodologies and techniques trialled for the first time within the context of ecological studies on tropical elasmobranchs. Data presented here can be used to develop or contribute to, conservation and management strategies for this overlooked, yet vulnerable group of fishes.
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Gonzalez, Rivero Manuel Alejandro. "The ecology of bioeroding sponges on Caribbean coral reefs". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3574.
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Sponges contribute to large number of functions in coral reef ecosystems. Among these, bioerosion is perhaps one of the most widely studied, largely due to the important contribution of excavating sponges to the carbonate budget on coral reefs (up to 95 % of the total internal bioerosion). Despite our current knowledge, much of the literature is centred on individual-based observations, and little is known about their ecological role and interactions with other reef taxa in complex coral reef systems. The aim of this thesis was to quantify the ecological interactions of bioeroding sponges with major reef taxa by scaling up individual observations to population and ecosystem-based approaches. A cosmopolitan, abundant and highly competitive bioeroding sponge from Glover’s Atoll, Belize (Cliona tenuis) was used as model species. Monitoring of C. tenuis populations throughout 2009 indicated a trade-off between reproduction and growth, with the highest growth rates (31.4 ± 5.6 mm.y–1) occurring in summer, and a peak in reproductive output during winter. Populations typically show strong left-skewed size frequency distributions, mostly represented by juvenile-size individuals (46%), suggesting that regulating mechanisms (e.g. competition and predation) may be acting in constraining the transition of juveniles to adult sizes. Long-term in situ manipulations showed no effect of predation, yet competition with macroalgae significantly reduced the size of the sponge by 38% ± 11% (SE). While C. tenuis exhibit high growth and recruitment rates that could theoretically result in rapid population growth, the likelihood of sponges forming an alternative stable state as reefs sustain greater levels of disturbance is unclear. An analytical modelling approach of the interplay between macroalgae, coral and sponge was used to explore the likelihood of alternate stable states. The results show that irrespective of successful sponge invasion, inclusion of this third antagonist (in the interplay between coral and macroalgae) can qualitatively affect the likelihood of alternative stable state. The model exhibits emergent properties suggestive of intransitivity between the three competing taxa. Despite the potential of C. tenuis to benefit from disturbance, there are few cases in the literature reporting increases in bioeroding sponge abundance followed disturbance. Therefore, regulating mechanisms such as competition with other taxa, recruitment limitation or mortality are expected to exert demographic control on the populations of bioeroding sponges when space limitation is relaxed due to coral mortality. To determine processes regulating sponge populations, an individual-based spatial modelling approach was used to simulate the population dynamics of C. tenuis in a dynamic ecosystem environment. Using an orthogonal hypothesis testing approach, it was found that competition, and to a lesser extend partial mortality of the sponge tissue, largely regulate the population structure of C. tenuis. While reductions in coral cover may temporarily favour the rapid colonization by sponges, the competitive superiority of macroalgae may steal the opportunity from the opportunists.
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Stephenson, Christy Michelle. "Foraminiferal Assemblages on Sediment and Reef Rubble at Conch Reef, Florida USA". Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3367.
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ABSTRACT
Foraminiferal Assemblages on Sediments and Reef Rubble
at Conch Reef, Florida USA
Christy Stephenson
Benthic foraminiferal assemblages are widely used to interpret responses of the benthic communities to environmental stresses. This study compares epibiotic foraminiferal assemblages, collected from reef rubble, with those from reef sediments. The study site, Conch Reef, is the site of the Aquarius Underwater Habitat research facility and includes protected areas used only for scientific studies. Although a number of studies have enumerated foraminiferal taxa from the Florida reef tract, no projects have focused on the assemblages that occur at Conch Reef.
Sediment and reef rubbles samples were collected via SCUBA from a depth range of 13 to 26 m during October 2008. Foraminiferal assemblages were assessed and compared between the two sample types. A total of 117 foraminiferal species, representing 72 genera, 37 families, and 8 orders were identified in 13 sediment samples and 21 rubble samples.
In the rubble samples, 70 genera were identified, including 12 symbiont-bearing genera representing 20% of the total assemblage, 12 stress-tolerant genera representing 6%, planktic foraminifers representing 1%, and 46 other smaller foraminiferal genera representing 73% of the total foraminiferal assemblage. The rubble samples were quite homogenous. The mean (+SD) Fisher alpha α diversity of genera in these samples was 12.9 + 1.4.
Sediment samples included 60 of the same genera. The 12 symbiont-bearing genera represented 41% of the total assemblage, 10 stress-tolerant genera represented 3%, planktic taxa represented 2%, and 40 other smaller foraminiferal genera represented 54% of the total assemblage. Overall, the taxonomic assemblages were very similar between the sample types, with sediment assemblages clearly representing the local and regional reef foraminiferal assemblage. The mean (+SD) Fisher alpha α for sediment samples was 11.4 + 2.3, which is not significantly different from that found for the rubble samples.
A concentration ratio comparing relative abundances in sediment vs. rubble samples revealed that shells of larger, symbiont-bearing taxa were about 2.5-5.5 times more concentrated in the sediment, indicating winnowing of smaller taxa. Shells of Siphonatera, an agglutinated miliolid, and Textularia, an agglutinated textularid, were more abundant in sediments than in rubble, indicating high preservation potential. The concentration ratio provides a new taphonomic index that reflects the size and durability of foraminiferal taxa.
The mean FORAM Index (FI) for the sediment samples (5.57 + 0.83) indicates that water quality at Conch Reef is suitable for calcifying symbioses. The most abundant symbiont-bearing genera were Amphistegina, Laevipeneroplis, Asterigerina, and Archaias.
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East, Holly Kate. "The evolution of Maldivian coral reef rim islands". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/30860.
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The first detailed investigation of Maldivian rim island development and reef-to-island connectivity is presented. Study sites were selected on windward and leeward rim aspects of Huvadhu Atoll, and analyses were undertaken at a millennial, contemporary and near-future temporal scales. At millennial temporal scales, contrasting models of island development were presented for the windward and leeward sites. Marked between-site differences were found in the timings of island initiation (2,800-2,000 cal. yr. B.P. and 4,200-3,600 cal. yr. B.P. at the windward and leeward sites respectively). Hence, sea-level does not represent the sole control upon island formation. The period of island initiation and heightened mobility occurred during the mid-Holocene sea-level highstand. Future sea-level rise may thus reactivate the process regime responsible for reef island initiation, potentially inducing further island building and/or heightened island mobilisation. Contemporary analyses highlighted the homogeneity of the sediment reservoir across marine, beach and island sediments. Specifically, sand-grade coral was dominant across all samples within both sites (>50%). The most likely source of sand-grade coral is excavator parrotfish, which was consistent with ecological survey-based estimates of sediment production (excavator parrotfish accounted for 72.8% and 68.2% of sediment production at the windward and leeward sites). The highest sediment production rates were found within the lagoonward environments (59.4% and 75.4% at the windward and leeward sites), which is consistent with the more recent lateral lagoonward mode of island building. With regard to near-future analyses, the apparent recent areal expansion of seagrass beds demonstrated the capacity of ecological changes to cause shifts in sediment production budgets (contributing an additional ~243 tonnes yr-1 of sediment on the leeward rim platform). In addition, significant increases in benthic sediment mobility were found at both study sites under sea-level rise scenarios. Increases in mobility were markedly larger in magnitude at the leeward site than at the windward site. A challenge for the adaptive capacity of atoll nations is thus to acknowledge this atoll-scale diversity in future management strategies.
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Mumby, Peter J. "Coral reef and seagrass assessment using satellite and airborne remote sensing : an ecological approach". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267071.
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Mosher, Celeste V. "Commensalism and Reproductive Biology of the Brittle Star Ophiocreas oedipus Associated with the Octoral Metallogorgia melanotrichos on the New England Corner Rise Seamounts". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MosherCV2008.pdf.
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Holmes, J. M. L. "Aspects of the ecology and behaviour of Chaetodon capistratus and associated reef fishes". Thesis, University of York, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381302.
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Husain, Ellen. "The role of the threespot damselfish, Stegastes planifrons, in contemporary Caribbean reef ecology". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/13790.
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Caribbean reef ecosystems have undergone major ecological changes in the last 30 – 40 years, with the result that ecological systems once dominated by structurally complex Acropora cervicornis and Montastraea annularis corals now consist mainly of flattened carbonate substrates with macroalgal overgrowth. A need for greater understanding of coral reef ecosystems is imperative if we are to attempt to conserve them. The threespot damselfish, Stegastes planifrons, is herbivorous damselfish species ubiquitous to Caribbean reefs, where it has been termed a keystone species. Aggressive in nature, S. planifrons defends territories of around 70 cm in diameter from other roving herbivorous fish and urchins, in apparent effort to maintain the algal resources therein for its own use. The predilection of Stegastes planifrons for basing its territories on the now Critically Endangered staghorn coral, Acropora cervicornis, and the Endangered boulder coral Montastraea annularis is well known, however the likely ecological implications of this fact have not been investigated. Using a combination of experimental and observational methodologies we examine the ecological implications of coral microhabitat choice and use by S. planifrons. We also assess the magnitude of the direct and indirect effects of S. planifrons’ territorial behaviour on macroalgal dynamics both within and outside of territory confines, at the reef-wide level. We find that coral microhabitat is a more important determinant of algal community structure than damselfish presence, and that this can be explained by a previously unrecognised effect of coral microhabitat on the grazing behaviour of roving herbivorous fishes - on which S. planifrons’ territorial behaviour has little effect. In a modification of the space availability hypothesis of Williams et al (2001) we suggest that Acropora cervicornis acts as a grazing fish „exclusion zone‟, and we further hypothesise that the existence of large stands of this coral prior to the Caribbean „phase shift‟ may have acted to concentrate the grazing pressure of excluded roving fish onto the remaining areas of the reef. We further hypothesise that the loss of such „exclusion zones‟ and accompanied effective dilution of grazing pressure may have been on a scale large enough to have been a significant underlying factor in the proliferation of macroalgae seen on modern day Caribbean reefs. In the absence of demonstrable direct or indirect effects on benthic algal communities we question the continued keystone status of S. planifrons, particularly since the status 6 was originally based on interference behaviour involving the important grazing urchin Diadema antillarum, which is now functionally absent from Caribbean reefs. Implications of the context-dependant nature of keystone status are also discussed. We find that the effect of S. planifrons on coral community may be more important than its effects on benthic algal community. In examining the factors involved in habitat coral choice we establish a significant preference for 100% live coral substrate over substrates with a supply of algal food. Territory selection was followed by a high rate of coral biting – a behaviour which has previously been shown to result in coral tissue death and the fast establishment of algal turf communities on which S. planifrons likes to feed (Kaufman 1977). We also demonstrate a novel and significant association between S. planifrons presence and disease incidence its primary habitat coral, the Critically Endangered staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis, and a significant correlation between areas of fish biting and the later onset of disease. Changes to the overall role of damselfish on today's Caribbean reefs are discussed in light of these insights.
36
Conlin, Barbara E. "Aspects of habitat selection by a tropical serpulid polychaete spirobranchus giganteus (Pallas)". Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61991.
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Lewis, Staci A. "The use of histology, molecular techniques, and ex situ feeding experiments to investigate the feeding behavior of the coral reef predator Hermodice carunculata, the bearded fireworm". Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/4583.
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Thesis (M.S.)--George Mason University, 2009.Thesis director: Robert B. Jonas. Vita: p. 122. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Science and Policy. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 12, 2009). Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.
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Pearce, Bryony. "The ecology of Sabellaria spinulosa reefs". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/10098.
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Reef habitats built by the tubiculous polychaete Sabellaria spinulosa have been identified as a habitat with significant conservation importance, based on their historic decline across Europe and the assumption that, like many other biogenic reef systems, S. spinulosa reefs enhance biodiversity. Despite the high conservation status of this habitat very little work has been undertaken to explore the role that S. spinulosa reefs play in marine ecosystems, or their sensitivity to anthropogenic disturbance. Observations of the reproductive ecology and population dynamics of the reef building organism indicate that S. spinulosa exhibit life-history traits typically associated with r-strategists, indicating that this species is likely to have the ability to recover quickly following most anthropogenic disturbance events. A series of surveys on S. spinulosa reefs identified at the Thanet Offshore Wind Farm site, where the extent of the reef habitat was found to have increased between the pre-construction and post construction survey despite extensive cable laying and turbine installation, corroborates these findings. Detailed investigations into the macrofauna associated with S. spinulosa reefs in the eastern English Channel revealed that S. spinulosa reefs support macrofaunal communities that are comparable to those associated with adjacent muddy sandy gravel and gravelly muddy sand in terms of species composition, taxonomic breadth and beta-diversity. A consistent enhancement in species richness, abundance and biomass was identified in samples collected from S. spinulosa reefs when compared with adjacent sedimentary deposits, as well as a corresponding reduction in the equitability of species, indicating that some macrofauna are able to exist in higher densities within this habitat. The increase in macrofaunal biomass associated with S. spinulosa reefs was found to influence the diet of demersal fish species, with some species feeding on the reef organism itself while others feed on species found in high densities on the reefs. The high abundance of juvenile flatfish associated with this habitat also suggests that S. spinulosa reefs may provide an important nursery habitat.
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Dirhamsyah. "Analysis of the effectiveness of Indonesia's coral reef management framework". Access electronically, 2005. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060509.142404/index.html.
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McCorry, Denise. "Hong Kong's scleractinian coral communities : status, threats and proposals for management /". Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25155131.
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Slingsby, Shauna N. "Patterns of association and interactions between juvenile corals and macroalgae in the Caribbean /". Electronic version (PDF), 2003. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2003/slingsbys/shaunaslingsby.pdf.
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Heikoop, Jeffrey Martin. "Environmental signals in coral tissue and skeleton: examples from the Caribbean and Indo-Pacific /". *McMaster only, 1997.
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Harding, Juliana Maria. "Ecological interactions between benthic oyster reef fishes and oysters". W&M ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616684.
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Restoration of oyster reef structures rehabilitates habitats and the multi-level ecological communities built on eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica), the keystone species. Quantitative descriptions of ecological interactions within a habitat are required to delineate essential fish habitats for management and protection. Parallel development of primary (oysters) and secondary trophic levels (benthic fishes) offer an ecological metric of restoration progress over time. The interaction between larval oysters and larval fishes (e.g., Gobiosoma bosc, Chasmodes bosquianus) is quantitatively examined. Oyster settlement estimates for Palace Bar reef, Piankatank River, Virginia are of the same order of magnitude as field densities of recently settled oysters. Benthic fish settlement estimates are within an order of magnitude of observed adult densities. Zooplankton community composition around the reef is temporally variable and plankton densities range from 10 2--106 animals per m3 across temporal scales. Nocturnal densities of naked goby and striped blenny larvae around Palace Bar reef were 3 to 4 orders of magnitude higher than densities observed during daylight hours. Diurnal changes in larval fish abundance near Palace Bar reef are related to ambient light intensities and diurnal vertical migration by prey species. Naked goby, striped blenny, and feather blenny (Hypsoblennius hentzi) larvae selectively consumed bivalve veligers, in multi-factorial laboratory feeding experiments. Temporal co-occurrence of larval oysters and larval fishes was not observed in 1996 field collections although historic oyster settlement data strongly support the probability of co-occurrence during most years. Two different methods are used to estimate the larval oyster - larval fish interaction in the absence of field data. Given existing oyster and fish demographics on Palace Bar reef, larval fishes have the capacity to drastically reduce, perhaps eliminate, local veliger populations if they co-occur. The strength of this interaction is directly related to oyster demography-fecundity relationships. In the absence of veligers, larval fishes consume other plankton taxa that are abundant around the reef. Naked gobies and striped blennies are generalists. Oyster reefs provide optimal rather than essential habitat. Reef restoration will facilitate development of related ecological communities by providing optimal habitat conditions for these ubiquitous estuarine species.
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Lacks, Amy L. "Reproductive ecology and distritution of the scleractinian coral Fungia scutaria in Kane‘ohe Bay, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i". Thesis, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/16333.
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In Hawaii, abundance of the scleractinian Fungia scutaria is thought to have been
in decline in recent years due to disturbances to Kaneohe Bay, where an unusually dense
population exists. This study examines factors that could limit population growth in this
coral. Sexual reproduction occurred throughout the summer. Experimental data from
sperm dilution studies suggested that eggs must be released within 2m of a spawning
male for successful fertilization to occur. Field surveys indicated that many patch reefs
exhibited high enough densities to yield successful fertilization. However, since field
surveys found that only a small percentage (1 %) of juvenile corals (5 cm in length)
resulted from settled larvae, post-fertilization processes may be limiting successful
recruitment. Asexual reproduction appears to be dominant, with 70% of corals occurring
in close aggregations, and 93% of these in aggregations made up of a single color-morph.Thesis (M. A.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2000. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-74).
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Galal, Nasser. "Studies on the coastal ecology and management of the Nabq Protected Area, South Sinai, Egypt". Thesis, University of York, 1999. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14022/.
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Turgeon, Katrine. "Home range relocation: How habitat quality, landscape connectivity and density affect movements in coral reef fish". Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103631.
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Short-term immigration via home range relocation has important implications for metapopulation dynamics, sustainable harvest and pest control strategies, and conservation in populations experiencing high localized mortality. Despite its importance, no suitable theory is available to predict immigration in response to harvest near an adjacent protected area. There is also little information about the factors that influence the magnitude of immigration. I developed a compensatory immigration model to predict the effect of harvesting on immigration under different assumptions about the factors limiting immigration. The model predicts that immigration from protected areas can contribute importantly to total yield and population recovery in the harvest area and can strongly affect demography in the protected area. Immigration and total yield can show complex non-linear relationships with harvesting as the size of the protected area, initial rate of replacement, mobility and behavioral interactions vary. I carried out field experiments to validate the model and assess the relative influence of limiting factors to immigration (i.e. population size in the protected area, the relative habitat quality and functional connectivity between the harvest and protected area). I used longfin (Stegastes dienaceus) and dusky damselfish (S. adustus) as a model system. I first examined functional connectivity by translocating damselfish to investigate which habitat or social features represent a barrier to movement during homing. Small sand gaps constitute a partial barrier to movement, but the effect of sand gap width varies with reef configuration, and fish minimize travel over conspecific territories. I carried out replicated, experimental, incremental reduction of damselfish populations to examine the mechanisms behind home range relocation at the scale of the territory and to evaluate immigration at the landscape scale. At the territory scale, the probability that a territory would be recolonized decreases with local density. Territories tend to be reoccupied by individuals of the same species, sex and size as the original occupant, but territories occupied by larger individuals are more likely to be recolonized. At the landscape scale, models assuming a constant but partial replacement of removed individuals predict immigration much better than models that include either no replacement or complete replacement. In several sites, the best fitting model also included parameters describing density dependence that changed in direction and magnitude with cumulative harvest. Total yield and the proportion of removed individuals replaced by immigrants were correlated with the combined effects of relative habitat quality and connectivity of replicate sites. Overall, my thesis proposes and tests a new compensatory immigration model to predict immigration from protected to harvested areas and suggests that variation in mobility, habitat quality, functional connectivity and behavioral interactions must be considered when predicting the effects of immigration in a harvesting context on metapopulation dynamics, sustainable harvest and conservation.Dans les populations qui sont soumises à une forte mortalité locale, l'immigration à court terme - via la relocalisation du domaine vital - a d'importantes implications pour la dynamique des métapopulations, l'exploitation soutenable des ressources, la lutte contre les espèces introduites et invasives et la conservation. Malgré son importance, il n'existe pas de théorie prédisant l'immigration dans une zone exploitée à partir d'une zone protégée adjacente. Il existe aussi très peu d'information sur les facteurs influençant l'intensité de l'immigration. J'ai développé un modèle d'immigration compensatoire afin de prédire les effets d'une réduction locale de la densité sur l'immigration en utilisant des scénarios hypothétiques variant dans l'inclusion de facteurs limitant. Le modèle prédit que l'immigration peut contribuer à la récolte totale et à la récupération des populations exploitées et peut affecter la démographie dans la zone protégée. L'immigration et la récolte totale sont reliées de façon complexe et non-linéaire avec l'exploitation cumulative en relation avec la taille de l'aire protégée, le taux initial de remplacement des individus récoltés, la mobilité et les interactions comportementales. Des expériences sur le terrain m'ont permis de valider le modèle et d'estimer l'influence relative de facteurs limitant à l'immigration (i.e. la taille de la population dans la zone protégée, la qualité de l'habitat relative et la connectivité fonctionnelle entre la zone exploitée et la zone protégée). J'ai utilisé la demoiselle noire (Stegastes dienaceus) et la demoiselle brune (S. adustus) et leur habitat comme système modèle. J'ai examiné en premier lieu la connectivité fonctionnelle en relocalisant des demoiselles afin d'investiguer quelles caractéristiques de l'habitat ou caractéristiques sociales peuvent représenter une barrière au mouvement lors du comportement de retour au territoire (ang. « homing »). Les petites étendues de sable constituent une barrière partielle au mouvement mais l'effet de la taille de l'étendue de sable varie en fonction de la configuration des récifs. Les poissons minimisent les mouvements au-dessus des territoires de leur conspécifiques. J'ai également entrepris une réduction expérimentale, incrémentée et répliquée de populations de demoiselles qui a servi à examiner les mécanismes régissant la relocalisation du domaine vital à l'échelle du territoire et l'immigration à l'échelle du paysage. À l'échelle du territoire, la probabilité qu'un territoire soit recolonisé diminue avec une réduction de la densité. Les territoires ont tendance à être recolonisés par des individus de la même espèce, du même sexe et de taille comparable à celle de l'occupant original. Les territoires occupés initialement par les individus les plus gros ont une probabilité plus forte d'être recolonisés. À l'échelle du paysage, les modèles qui assument un remplacement constant mais partiel des individus récoltés ont un meilleur support statistique que les modèles incluant soit un remplacement incomplet ou une absence de remplacement. Dans plusieurs sites où la densité à été manipulée, le modèle ayant le meilleur support statistique incluait également des paramètres modélisant de la densité dépendance (i.e. changement de direction et d'intensité en relation avec la récolte cumulative). La récolte totale et la proportion des individus récoltés qui étaient remplacés par les immigrants étaient corrélées avec l'effet combiné de la qualité de l'habitat et de la connectivité fonctionnelle. En conclusion, ma thèse propose et test un modèle d'immigration compensatoire prédisant l'immigration d'individus habitant les aires protégées vers les zones exploitées. Ce modèle considère la variation de la mobilité, la qualité de l'habitat, la connectivité fonctionnelle et les interactions comportementales afin de prédire les effets de l'immigration dans un contexte d'exploitation soutenable et de conservation à l'échelle de la métapopulation.
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Del, Monaco Carlos. "Ecology of Coral-Algal Direct Interactions and the Effect of Ocean Acidification on Coral-Algal Competition in the Great Barrier Reef". Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365937.
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Coral reefs are one of the most diverse and complex ecosystems on the planet and provide incomes, food, and important ecosystem services for hundreds of millions of people. However, reefs are in global decline and are changing from highly diverse and topographically complex ecosystems dominated by coral species to species-poor and structurally simple ecosystems dominated by macroalgae. The reason of this decline is complex but can be attributed to multiple local stressors such as overfishing, marine pollution and declining water quality, and global stressors such as global warming and ocean acidification product of anthropogenic activities. Corals and algae compete intensely for space, light and nutrients in coral reefs, and this competition is a structuring and shaping process which determines the abundance of both groups of species.
Therefore, the general aim of this thesis is to explore experimentally and descriptively the dynamics between corals and macroalgae in coral reefs from three approaches. The first approach focuses on the temporal variability of coral-algal interaction and its implications for coral mortality in different reef habitats. The second study explores the spatial variability of coral-algal interactions and coral health at the local and regional scales within a terrestrial gradient of influence. The third study addresses the potential effects of ocean acidification on competitive mechanisms utilised by algae during coral-algal competition and explores coral-algal competitive outcomes under different levels of ocean acidification. This study was carried out in Heron Island and Keppel Islands, in the southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Tupper, Mark. "Recruitment and assemblage structure of reef fish in Barbados, W.I". Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55660.
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Lechanteur, Yves Albert Rene Ghislain. "The ecology and management of Reef fishes in False Bay, Southwestern Cape South Africa". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22648.
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Ashe, Hannah. "The ecology of cleaning stations used by Manta alfredi in Ningaloo reef, Western Australia". Thesis, Ashe, Hannah (2016) The ecology of cleaning stations used by Manta alfredi in Ningaloo reef, Western Australia. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/35150/.
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Cleaning stations, where fish are cleaned of their parasites, are one of the many microhabitats found within reef systems. This study was a preliminary evaluation of the ecology of three cleaning stations in Bateman Bay, Western Australia. Bateman Bay is located just north of Coral Bay and home to a diverse range of species, notably the resident Reef Manta Ray (Manta alfredi). To do this, all fish species within the selected cleaning stations were identified, quantified and their behaviours recorded through video analysis. Over five months, a total of 144 different species were identified from 37 families, totalling over 3,800 individuals. Species richness and diversity significantly differed among sites (p < 0.05). Behaviours of species also showed trends of each cleaning station being used for different purposes. Feeding was most commonly seen at the Point Maud South (PMS) station, while the Point Maud North (PMN) station experienced the most cleaning events. The third site, the Oyster Bridge (OB) station experienced many individuals roaming around the area. However, 46 species were seen at all three locations, detecting similarities in species composition to some degree at each cleaning station; e.g. M. alfredi was cleaned at each location. From this information, motives for site preference cannot be conclusively determined; however results show environmental factors such as food availability may influence species abundance, composition and behaviours at cleaning stations.