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1
Al Amer, Ahmad. "Les trois premières sections perdues ou manquantes de Badāʾiʿ al-zuhūr fī waqāʾiʿ al-duhūr d’Ibn Iyās". Arabica 62, nr 5-6 (5.11.2015): 713–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700585-12341377.
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L’existence ou non des trois premières sections de Badāʾiʿ al-zuhūr fī waqāʾiʿ al-duhūr est un sujet qui a fait couler beaucoup d’encre. Devant l’absence de ces sections, certains historiens et spécialistes affirment qu’elles ont existé, d’autres, au contraire, nient cette hypothèse. Dans cet article, nous essayerons de montrer, à partir des éléments récoltés dans les sections existantes des Badāʾiʿ, qu’Ibn Iyās a effectivement écrit les trois premières sections de la chronique. Ibn Iyās, lui-même, déclare à plusieurs reprises dans sa chronique avoir traité de thèmes relatifs à l’histoire préislamique ailleurs que dans les Badāʾiʿ, donc dans des parties dont nous ne disposons pas actuellement. Nous allons donc comparer dans cet article un opuscule que nous avons trouvé en Égypte, avec les sections existantes des Badāʾiʿ al-zuhūr pour tenter de montrer qu’il pourrait bien s’agir d’une des premières sections perdues de la chronique et, plus particulièrement, de la première.
2
Levitsky, Steven, i Maxwell A. Cameron. "Democracy without Parties? Political Parties and Regime Change in Fujimori's Peru". Latin American Politics and Society 45, nr 03 (2003): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2003.tb00248.x.
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AbstractPolitical parties are critical to Latin American democracy. This was demonstrated in Peru, where an atomized, candidate-centered party system developed after Alberto Fujimori's 1992 presidential self-coup. Party system decomposition weakened the democratic opposition against an increasingly authoritarian regime. Since the regime collapsed in 2000, prospects for party rebuilding have been mixed. Structural changes, such as the growth of the informal sector and the spread of mass media technologies, have weakened politicians' incentive to build parties. Although these changes did not cause the collapse of the party system, they may inhibit its reconstruction.
3
Hilal, Mustafa Abdullah, i Zaid Jamel Musa AL-Najar. "Comparison Study between Iraqi Conditions of Contract and FIDIC Conditions- The Red Book". Journal of Engineering 18, nr 03 (21.07.2023): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2012.03.10.
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Reconstruction in Iraq requires coherent legitimate frameworks that are able to detail obligations, rights and responsibilities of the parties participating in reconstruction projects, regardless their type or delivery system.Conditions of Contract can be considered an important component of these frameworks. This paper investigates flexibility and appropriateness of the application of Iraqi conditions of contract in reconstruction projects. These conditions were compared to FIDIC Conditions. The objective wasn't comparing individual clauses, but rather exploring the principles and philosophy laying behind each conditions, and to what extent each conditions care about realizing equity between main contract parties. Validity of application on various project delivery systems was also investigated. The structure of Iraqi and FIDIC conditions were compared to determine how the efficiency of use will be effected by the layout, presentation, organization, and detailing of the contents of each conditions. Moreover, some clauses related to the project parties were compared in order to further illustrate the disparity in efficiency of each conditions. The paper concludes that Iraqi conditions of contract in its current state was, and will continue, hindering the reconstruction efforts in Iraq, as well as being a cause of money waste and bad quality of project outputs.
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Baharudin, Baharudin. "RECONSTRUCTION OF LEGAL CULTURE OF POLITICAL PARTY IN RECRUITMEN OF LEGISLATIVE MEMBERS WITH GENDER EQUALITY". UNTAG Law Review 2, nr 2 (30.11.2018): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.36356/ulrev.v2i2.926.
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<p>The legal culture of political parties in the recruitment of legislative<br />candidates with gender law in Bandar Lampung City is based on a "legal culture" to reveal the legal culture of political parties in the recruitment of legislative candidates with gender equality. The problem: What is the legal culture of political parties in the recruitment of legislative policies that have gender justice, namely the recruitment of legislative candidates not yet gender justice. How to build an ideal community culture in recruiting legislative candidates with gender equality. This study uses the constructivism paradigm, the socio-legal research approach, which is analyzed by Struss and Corbin models. The round of this study: 1. Political parties appear in recruitment and legislative legislation has not yet been adopted in the legal culture, because it still separates women's rights. 2. The legal culture of political parties in the recruitment of legislative candidates has no gender, which is caused by the factors of political parties participating in the election that are still recruiting and in accordance with patriarchal ideology, 3. The ideal legal construction of political parties in recruiting legislative candidates with gender equality, namely recruiting legislative candidates must be fair, not separate women's political rights to be nominated or appointed as<br />legislative candidates in general elections, fulfill legal requirements, not only fulfill 30% representation of women, must be prepared through cadres, education and training, have become members of a political party of at least 6 months to 1 year, noble, loyal, dedicated, and loyal to Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.</p>
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Svietlakova, M. "Influence of external and internal factors the reconstruction of the party landscape of European countries". National Technical University of Ukraine Journal. Political science. Sociology. Law, nr 1(49) (8.06.2021): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2308-5053.2021.1(49).232991.
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At the beginning of the ХХІ century, the European Union, particularly its states parties faced a number of complex and unresolved issues. One of the important manifestations of political change that took place in some EU countries was the evolution of party systems. Due to the active globalization processes and the urgent problems facing Europe, it can be asserted that the European party system is currently degrading. Recently, during the years of crisis (economic, migration, political, etc.) there took place a rundown of political parties and a loss of parties’ influence on various local organizations, and most importantly on the electorate. A characteristic feature of the changes that took place in the established political configurations was a clear-cut disruption of party coordinates. The classic division into the right, the left and the centrists proves this. However, in reality it remained, basically, only in the ideological software of the parties. At the same time, the real political course of the party space’s main subjects became less and less conveyed. In truth, this character separates the leading political forces of modern Europe into two directions. Firstly, these parties proclaim to find a way out of the crisis by any means in their activities and at the same time improve the system of integration and globalization relations. In particular, in the scientific community (conservatives, liberals, etc.) they are called traditional parties. Secondly, there is another party side in which ideological and political criteria are expressed more explicitly. There are radical socialists who are dissatisfied with the current social structure of the (modern) state; radical nationalists who oppose the immigration component in modern European life; and separatists who excoriate EU regional strategy. All these points are actively supported by parties that have been defined as anti-systemic by the scientific community.
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Jacuński, Michał. "Proces digitalizacji partii politycznych — w kierunku interdyscyplinarności badań". Wrocławskie Studia Politologiczne 31 (12.10.2023): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1643-0328.31.7.
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The aim of the article is to address the issue of digitalization of political parties. The transformations in the nature of political parties related to the development of digital technologies require a reconstruction of the way scholars used to study party organizations based on well-established party models. The author points to several research areas and challenges related to the digitalization of parties and proposes to go beyond the narrow single-discipline perspective towards an interdisciplinary perspective.
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Kurniawan, I. Gede Agus. "The Reconstruction of Subjectum Litis in Term of Reflections on Constitutional Dissolution of Political Parties". Jurnal Akta 9, nr 1 (26.04.2022): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/akta.v9i1.20970.
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This legal research aims to examine the awarding of political parties currently in force in Indonesia through the Constitutional Court and provide a conclusive elaboration on the comparison of the dissolution of political parties in Indonesia with Germany and Slovenia. The respect for all aspects of human rights has become the obligation of every people in citizen, including respect for the political rights of citizens. In addition, citizens have the right to participate in the dynamics of government, including the possibility of the public applying for the dissolution of political parties. This legal research statute approach, comparative approach, and conceptual approach to legislation were based on primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and non-legal materials. The study results stated that the Subjectum Litis to the dissolution of political parties was only carried out by executive relations alone; so the public cannot apply for dissolution of political parties. Thus, this may indicate that arbitrariness also reflects the existence of particular political interests that dominate the executive's domination and try to intervene in the juridical aspect. Therefore, the researcher provides recommendations for reconstructing political subjects through various schemes; who can expand the applicant in the process of political dissolution, the applicant in the dissolution of a political party is only extended to all Indonesian people not for their official or position, and the applicant for political dissolution is carried out by the legislative and executive institutions as is practiced in Germany and Slovenia.
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Spicka, Mark E. "Selling the Economic Miracle: Public-Opinion Research, Economic Reconstruction, and Politics in West Germany, 1949-1957". German Politics and Society 20, nr 1 (1.03.2002): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/104503002782385462.
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Perhaps the most remarkable development in the Federal Republicof Germany since World War II has been the creation of its stabledemocracy. Already by the second half of the 1950s, political commentatorsproclaimed that “Bonn is not Weimar.” Whereas theWeimar Republic faced the proliferation of splinter parties, the riseof extremist parties, and the fragmentation of support for liberal andconservative parties—conditions that led to its ultimate collapse—theFederal Republic witnessed the blossoming of moderate, broadbasedparties.1 By the end of the 1950s the Christian DemocraticUnion/Christian Social Union (CDU), Social Democratic Party(SPD) and Free Democratic Party (FDP) had formed the basis of astable party system that would continue through the 1980s.
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Pramana, Yudha. "LEGAL RECONSTRUCTION ON DOMESTIC RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS". Jurnal Tax Law and Policy 1, nr 1 (17.06.2022): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.56282/jtlp.v1i1.61.
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It is necessary to conduct a juridical study to minimize the transfer of income or the basis of imposition of taxes and fees from one taxpayer to another, which can be engineered to reduce the total amount of tax payable on taxpayers who have speuniquelationships within the country. Based on distributive justice and corrective justice concepts and the hierarchy of laws and regulations (stafenbau theory). This article applies a normative juridical method with an evaluative and prescriptive thought. This method uses a positive legal inventory approach, an approach to legal principles, an approach to legal systematics, and a vertical and horizontal synchronization approach. Tax disputes related to unique relationships still occur. Even related parties’ transactions Domestic transactions are often complex business transactions between companies and their managers, directors, shareholders, or affiliates, making state tax revenues suboptimal. This paper requires an in-depth socio-legal research study, but this paper can enrich empirical research. This paper produces two novelties in the form of legal reconstruction. First, the rules for domestic-related transactions still rely on the arm's length principle (ALP), which is adequate to apply to cross-border transactions between related parties. Domestic special relationship transactions have their complexities. Second, there is a need for legal reconstruction of domestic related party transactions oriented towards increasing compliance (reporting certain transactions) and providing access to tax authorities in jointly taking responsibility for preventing and overcoming suboptimal state tax revenues.
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Nugroho, Rahmat Muhajir. "Reconstruction of the mechanism of nomination for president and vice president in elections in indonesia". Borobudur Law Review 4, nr 2 (20.08.2022): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/burrev.6905.
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The candidacy threshold of President and Vice President in Act Number 7 the Year 2017 concerning Elections causes the Political Party of Elections Participants unable to submit the President and Vice President candidates independently and the recent political parties that participated in 2019 elections. Political Parties have lost their constitutional rights as they cannot propose the candidates of President and Vice President. It is required to find an alternative mechanism of President and Vice President candidacy which grants more protection to the Political Parties' constitutional rights and achieves the essence of people's sovereignty. Article 222 of Act Number 7 the Year 2017 requires the Political Party to have a minimum of 20% seats in the House of Representatives or a minimum of 25% votes of the previous legislative election to submit presidential candidacy. Meanwhile, article 6A section (2) of the 1945 Indonesian Constitution does not govern regarding President and Vice President candidacy; thus, article 222 of Act Number 7 the Year 2017 contradicts the Constitution. The provision in the Elections Act has several implications, among others, limiting the freedom of political parties to submit president candidate, causing discrimination, injustice, and a material loss to the new political party. Moreover, the threshold is not in accordance with the essence of people's sovereignty as granted in the Constitution.
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COGEN, MARC, i ERIC DE BRABANDERE. "Democratic Governance and Post-conflict Reconstruction". Leiden Journal of International Law 20, nr 3 (30.08.2007): 669–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156507004311.
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The concept of democracy has long fuelled controversy among international legal scholars, especially concerning its definition. This article is an attempt to single out three constitutive elements of democracy that have been subject to extensive scrutiny in the practice of electoral assistance and the more comprehensive peace-building and state-building missions that the UN has taken up or supported since the end of the twentieth century: freeand fair elections, freedom of association – with emphasis on the freedom to establish political parties – and freedom of expression. In doing so, this paper examines the role and the importance of each of these three constitutive elements in the practice pertaining to post-conflict reconstruction of Kosovo, East Timor, Afghanistan, and Iraq.
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Hamzah, Yusuf. "Reconstruction of Article 280 Section 1 Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning Election". Damhil Law Journal 1, nr 2 (30.11.2021): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.56591/dlj.v1i2.798.
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<p><em>This study aims to analyze the regulation of Article 280 paragraph (1) of Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning general elections by the Gorontalo Province Election Control Board. This research belongs to the type of sociological or empirical research with a qualitative research approach. The data analysis technique used in this research is using qualitative data analysis. The results of this study indicate that the form of regulation carried out by Election Control Board is through 2 (two) things, namely prevention which includes socialization to the community, political parties, government, related to early prevention of violations of Money Politics. and coordinate with related parties as well as take action against the alleged practice of Money Politics in the 2019 legislative elections covering the entire area of the Election Control Board of Gorontalo Province. The urgency of the ideal regulation of preventing the practice of Political Money in the Legislative Elections is 1). Revise article 280 paragraph (1) of Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning Elections by changing the redaction of the sentence “Executor, Participant or Campaign Team” to “Everyone”; 2). Implementation of political education to the public involving political parties, Election Control Board, Electoral Commission, Attorney General's Office, and the National Police; 3). As well as increasing the time for handling violations of Money Politics practices by the Election Control Board</em><em>.</em></p>
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Moersidin, Murry Darmoko, Nadhif Muhammad Mumtaz, Ayna Jamila Salsabila, Khalid Ibrahim Alu Hasan i Isna Sholihaturrahmaniah. "Geopolitic Reconstruction of Religion (Learning from Hurgronje in Religion versus Government Conflict Management)". JURNAL INDO-ISLAMIKA 12, nr 2 (4.01.2023): 114–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jii.v12i2.28975.
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Political expression of religion can be dangerous for good governance system. And this has really happened in Indonesian history, both during the Dutch occupation and when Indonesia became independent. Religion has become a political vehicle in various forms of political parties and non-parties. Religion also caused military wars which resulted in heavy casualties. The research questions are: What are the factors that turn religion against the government? How did Hurgronje resolve the religious versus government conflict? The approach is carried out with the Sociology of Religion. This paper uses the IMRAD style. Materials obtained through documents and internet news media. The method used is qualitative. The Results: religion as a political doctrine will lead to conflict religion and government and through three groupings of the role of religion in the right portion, ala Hurgronje, will enable the government to reduce conflict
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Dam-de Jong, Daniëlla. "From Engines for Conflict into Engines for Sustainable Development: The Potential of International Law to Address Predatory Exploitation of Natural Resources in Situations of Internal Armed Conflict". Nordic Journal of International Law 82, nr 1 (2013): 155–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718107-08201008.
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Since the end of the Cold War, natural resources have proven an adequate replacement for external funding of armed conflicts. The prospects for parties to an armed conflict to gain ‘easy’ profits from resource exploitation encourage these parties to engage in predatory practices that are highly detrimental to environmental conservation. The environmental degradation caused by predatory resource exploitation by parties to an armed conflict also severely hampers efforts towards the post-conflict reconstruction of a State. Environmental degradation of land may spark new tensions in the fragile phase of post-conflict reconstruction. In addition, natural resources are an important engine to restart the economy of a war-torn State after the conflict has come to an end. If the resources are severely degraded or even exhausted as a consequence of their exploitation during armed conflict, it becomes even more difficult to kick-start the economy of a State emerging from conflict. This article argues that current international law is not sufficiently equipped to deal with these challenges. The existing regulatory framework is fragmented and imprecise. It is only through case specific responses under Security Council sanctions regimes that the challenges are currently addressed.
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Ngazis, Muhammad, Putri Nugraheni Septyaningrum, Gunarto Gunarto i Sri Endah Wahyuningsih. "Legal Reconstruction of Peaceful Settlement Regulation on Simple Lawsuit Based on Justice Values". Scholars International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice 6, nr 09 (28.09.2023): 495–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijlcj.2023.v06i09.006.
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The regulation of the mechanism for settling minor or simple lawsuits is done through conciliation efforts in Article 14 letter (b) PERMA Number 2 of 2015 has regulated that Judges must play an active role in seeking to settle cases peacefully but do not regulate the form of conciliation efforts and there is an overlapping role of the Judge as examiner of cases and as a mediator who has not achieved justice for the parties. The aim of the research is to analyze the weaknesses of conciliation efforts in resolving simple tort cases in Indonesia currently and to reconstruct peace efforts in resolving simple tort cases based on fairness values using a constructivist paradigm with empirical research and a socio-legal approach. Analysis of research data in a qualitative descriptive manner where the location of the research was the Batang District Court and the Pasuruan District Court. The results of the research show that the Weaknesses in conciliation efforts in resolving simple lawsuits are that the form of conciliation is not regulated and the overlapping role of the Judge as examiner of cases and as a facilitator/mediator. Therefore a legal Reconstruction is needed in Article 14 letter (b) PERMA Number 2 of 2015 where Judges are no longer required to play an active role but Judges seek peace through negotiations and oblige the parties to negotiate during the first trial and report the results to the examining Judge of the case to realize justice for the parties.
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Setyabudi, Bambang, i Anis Mashdurohatun. "Reconstruction of Legal Protection Regulations for Debtors and Third Parties in Credit Agreements with the Object of Fiduciary Based Guarantee". Scholars International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice 5, nr 12 (6.12.2022): 520–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijlcj.2022.v05i12.002.
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Agreement financing with guarantee fiduciary there is clause stating _ that if debtor no pay off the debt or no Fulfill his obligations to creditor so without through court more formerly creditor entitled and giving power substitution creditor for To do necessary action _ what if see by constitutive and productive no after with substance Article 23 paragraph (2) and Article 36 then writer aim for first analyze Regulation Legal Protection for Debtors and Parties Third In Agreement Credit with Object Guarantee Fiduciary Not yet Realize Score Justice , Second for analyze Protection Law For Debtor And Party Third In Agreement Credit with Object Guarantee Fiduciary moment this , third for To do Reconstruction Regulation Legal Protection for Debtor Dan Party Third In Agreement Credit with Object Guarantee Fiduciary Not yet Realize Value of Justice Method Study this is study qualitative with approach sociolegal research paradigm study constructivism. As for the findings study first Protection Regulation Law For Debtors and Parties Third In Agreement Credit with Object Guarantee Fiduciary Not yet Creating Value Justice In Thing divert , pawn rent , share results to the other party The object that becomes object Guarantee Fiduciary because existence assessment related with debtors and parties third second weaknesses Regulation as Protection Law of Sharing Debtors and Parties Third In Agreement Credit with Object Guarantee Fiduciary Not in line with existence agreement written from receiver fiduciary yang regulated in Article 23 and Article 36 of the Law Guarantee Fiduciary. Third Reconstruction Regulation Legal Protection for Debtor Dan Party Third In Agreement Credit with Object Guarantee Fiduciary Not yet Realize Value of Justice a) Reconstruction score justice regulation Legal Protection for Debtor Dan Party Third In Agreement Credit could increase protection law for debtor productive and constructive b) reconstruction norm there is Article 23 Giver Fiduciary prohibited transfer , pawn , rent and perform contract work for results to the other party The object that becomes object Guarantee Fiduciary who doesn't is object supplies , except with agreement written more formerly from Receiver Fiduciary . Article 36 becomes 2 paragraphs which mention paragraph (2) Criminal as intended _ in Article 35 and Article 36 paragraph (1) in Constitution this is offense complaint.
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Kikuta, Kyosuke. "Postdisaster Reconstruction as a Cause of Intrastate Violence: An Instrumental Variable Analysis with Application to the 2004 Tsunami in Sri Lanka". Journal of Conflict Resolution 63, nr 3 (23.01.2018): 760–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002717753919.
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Despite growing concerns about the effects of environmental changes, we only have disparate and seemingly contradictory findings about the relationship between natural disasters and intrastate violence. This article addresses that problem by introducing postdisaster reconstruction as a primary explanatory variable for intrastate violence. I extend bargaining theory to predict that postdisaster reconstruction causes a commitment problem, which in turn incentivizes warring parties to fight for the strategic opportunities of reconstruction. Using an instrumental variable approach, I provide an empirical test with a subnational data set for Sri Lanka before and after the 2004 Tsunami. Consistent with my expectations, housing reconstruction increased the number of violent events, while housing destruction had no discernible impact on violence.
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Hidayat, Taufik, i Wuri Darmawati. "Reconstruction Of Research Management In Indonesia". Inovasi Pembangunan : Jurnal Kelitbangan 7, nr 2 (6.08.2019): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.35450/jip.v7i2.133.
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Research in Indonesia has lost focus or priority. The focus or priority in conducting this research is very important, especially with the limitations that it has. No wonder if the results of research that have been done so far have been largely useless and less desirable. So that policymakers also tend to search from the outside and that is certainly more in line with their needs. Thus, a reconstruction of research management in Indonesia is needed. The theories about synergy become the analitycal framework of this research. This study uses qualitative research methods with descriptive approach. After doing the research, it was concluded that: In research activities in Indonesia there were 2 (two) major problems, namely: a small budget and few researchers. Both of these problems can be overcome by synergizing various parties, in this case: the Central Statistics Agency, the National Development Planning Agency, the Ministry of Higher Education Research and Technology, the K / L R & D Institutions and the regions, and the local government.
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Jenkins, Jeffery A., Eric Schickler i Jamie L. Carson. "Constituency Cleavages and Congressional Parties". Social Science History 28, nr 4 (2004): 537–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200012840.
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We analyze the constituency bases of the congressional parties from 1857 through 1913 by focusing on two key concepts: party homogeneity and party polarization. With a few notable exceptions, prior efforts to assess these concepts have relied upon measures based on members’ roll call votes. This is potentially problematic, as such measures are likely endogenous: They reflect the party’s actual level of success as much as the party’s underlying homogeneity. To address this problem, we construct measures for party homogeneity and polarization that are based on constituency characteristics, using economic-based census data and presidential voting data as proxies. We then examine how these “exogenous” measures compare to roll call-based measures. We find that changes in party unity on roll call votes track shifts in constituency characteristics fairly closely. Substantively, we find that the congressional parties went through three distinct phases during these 56 years: first, a period of extremely high overlap and low party homogeneity during the Civil War and Reconstruction, followed by a period of moderate polarization and homogeneity from the mid-1870s through the early 1890s, and concluding with a period of sharp polarization and high homogeneity, which coincided with the realignment of 1894–96. While the status of the 1894–96 elections as a critical turning point remains controversial in the historical and political science literatures, our results suggest that these elections did lead to a substantial change in the underlying characteristics of the congressional parties.
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Xiao, Jiayong. "Examination and Reconstruction of Evidence Loss System from the Perspective of Comparative Methods". Scientific and Social Research 3, nr 6 (29.12.2021): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36922/ssr.v3i6.1273.
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The purpose of the system of evidence disqualification is to limit parties’ abuse of litigation rights and avoid litigation delays. However, China’s discretionary evidence disqualification legislation violates the essence of evidence disqualification and encourages the emergence of transactional litigation, making evidence disqualification in our country a minor issue. We must evaluate the substance of the evidence disqualification system and create evidence disqualification norms in other jurisdictions based on our national conditions in order to manage litigation procrastination and apply the concept of equality of parties. Remove the flaw while keeping the essence. Creation of the pre-trial procedure and application of the interpretation right should be the cornerstone to the system’s construction, according to research. At the same time, based on Chinas’ national conditions, taking the loss of probative power as the consequence of overdue instead of fines and other substantive measures, we should be able to achieve the purpose of reshaping the system of evidence disqualification.
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Hasyim, Dardiri. "A Reconstruction of the Civil Code Article Based on the Value of Contractual Justice". Jurnal Hukum Volkgeist 4, nr 2 (10.06.2020): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35326/volkgeist.v4i2.428.
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Justice contracts is essentially the fulfillment of rights and obligations in line with the principle of proportionality by observing the contract process from start to finish. The value of fairness in Contracting is: first, the principle of proportionality, where it governs the exchange of rights and obligations of the parties in accordance with proportion or part thereof; second, the principle of consensualism, in which it governs the agreement of both sides. The agreement is a conformity between the will and the statements made by the parties, so that legally an agreement can be held accountable; and third, the principle of freedom, in which it governs the freedom of a person in making a contract accompanied by good faith. Meanwhile, there are 9 (nine) chapters in the book III Civil Code of the partnership requiring the reconstruction of chapters.
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Purba, Maria Sm. "MEDIATION RECONSTRUCTION AS ONE OF THE ALTERNATIVE SETTLEMENT OF GIVING SIDE IN THE COURTS BASED ON JUSTICE VALUES". Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum 4, nr 2 (15.08.2017): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/jph.v4i2.1743.
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AbstractMediation is one alternative form of dispute resolution. In the mediation, a win-win solution for the parties is sought. In the settlement of civil cases in the court, prioritized mediation settlement, as stipulated in Perma No. 1 Year 2008. However, the implementation of mediation in court based on Perma No. 1 Year 2008 has not been effective because of obstacles in the implementation of mediation. The constraints must be sought to resolve the efforts by reconstructing the implementation of mediation as an alternative to civil disputes in court that can provide justice for the parties.
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Kim, Sungil. "A Study on the Reconstruction of Youth Discourse Through the Youth Parties Movement". Journal of Humanities and Social sciences 21 13, nr 6 (31.12.2022): 3089–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22143/hss21.13.6.213.
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Mochtar, Mochamad, Abdul Rachmad Budiono, Iwan Permadi i Siti Hamidah. "Reconstruction Parate Execution of Liability Rights and Roles the Parties in the Determination of Auction Price Limit Value Justice Based Warranty". International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 8, nr 2 (4.03.2021): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i2.2366.
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Determining the Price Limit Value at the Parate Auction for Execution of Collateral Goods Bound to Mortgage, departs from the issues discussed, namely how the parate reconstruction of mortgage execution and the role of the parties in determining the limit value of the auction price of goods justice based guarantees? The purpose of this research is to analyze and find the reconstruction of the execution parate of mortgage rights and the role of the parties in determining the limit value of the auction price of collateral based on justice. The research method uses normative legal research, with a statutory approach (statute approach) and a case approach (case approach). Sources of legal materials used consist of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials, while the analysis of legal materials is carried out in a descriptive qualitative manner. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the parate reconstruction of mortgage execution must be based on justice, meaning that execution through parate execution based on the provisions of Article 6 of the Mortgage Rights Law, must also be balanced with other prerequisites that must be passed in order to minimize the arising of arbitrariness. The role of the parties in determining the limit value of the collateral auction price will be well realized if in determining the limit value determined based on the results of the appraiser's assessment, where the auction limit value must be as low as the liquidation value so that the auction office has the authority to reject the auction request. submitted by the seller, if it does not comply with the standards specified in the Minister of Finance Regulation No.27 / PMK.06 / 2016.
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Capperucci, Vera. "Alcide De Gasperi and the problem of reconstruction". Modern Italy 14, nr 4 (listopad 2009): 445–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532940903237540.
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Starting with a quick overview of the historiography of Italy from Fascism to the Republic, this article looks at Alcide De Gasperi's establishment as a leader within both the Italian political system and within his Party–the Christian Democrats–casting new light on three aspects of his political activity: (1) his relationship with the Church and the Catholics’ new modes of participation in political life; (2) the reasons inspiring the definition of the Republican State's institutional architecture; and (3) alliance strategy in government formation and in relationships with the other parties. The originality of De Gasperi's political activity can be defined in terms of these issues, together with the development of a distinctive political leadership, for too long overlooked, that would play a critical role in carrying Italy through its postwar reconstruction.
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Sukarno, Juajir Sumardi, Muhadar i Anwar Borahima. "Reconstruction of the Company's Liability Law to Minimize the Occurrence of Election Crimes". Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences 49, nr 10 (30.10.2022): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.49.10.8.
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This study aims to create a legal construction of corporate responsibility that can minimize the occurrence of election crimes committed by companies. The method used is normative legal research intended to be able to examine norms related to the issue of corporate accountability in election crimes. The results of this study are that the maximum limit on donations from political parties and candidates participating in the election must be clearly regulated so as not to provide an opportunity for companies or individuals to deposit their money so as not to violate the provisions of the existing law, companies that provide donations must also be given a minimum limit of having carried out activities and arrangements. The cost of each component, such as advertising costs, props, and campaign costs, must be given a maximum limit and update Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections providing a maximum limit for donations from political parties and candidates participating in the election. Additionally, the condition that companies making donations have been established and operated for a minimum of one year, attaching the results of the general meeting of shareholders regarding the donation of campaign funds and adding a maximum limitation on the use of campaign funds for the manufacture of advertisements, props, and campaign costs.
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Khalaf, Roha. "Roadmap for the Nomination of Reconstructed Cultural Properties for Inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List". Heritage 1, nr 2 (23.09.2018): 189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage1020013.
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Guidance on reconstruction is being prepared to implement recent decisions of the World Heritage (WH) Committee. Special attention is given to reconstruction post-inscription within the framework of the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of destroyed cultural WH properties. However, guidance must also cover reconstruction pre-inscription because destroyed properties on the Tentative Lists of States Parties may be reconstructed and nominated for inscription on the WH List in the future. This article shifts the attention towards the latter. It revisits the pillars of OUV and elucidates the relation between key concepts to develop a roadmap for new nominations in line with the WH Convention and the growing understanding of heritage as dynamic process in scholarly literature. It explains that States Parties must provide a statement of cultural significance (SCS) to meet the qualifying condition of continuity, and a heritage impact report (HIR) to meet the qualifying conditions of compatibility and distinction. Cultural criteria (i)–(vi) form a reminder list rather than a selection list in the roadmap. The SCS and HIR are, instead, the criteria on the basis of which reconstructed cultural properties may be inscribed. Moreover, authenticity and integrity are rendered redundant by the three qualifying conditions. As a result, this article makes a timely, original, academic and operational contribution to the ongoing preparation of guidance at the international level.
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Gunarto, Gunarto, Yenny Ika Putri Hardiyani Wati i Anis Masdurohatun. "Reconstruction of the Law on Legality of Post-Marriage Agreements Based on Justice Values". Scholars International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice 6, nr 05 (31.05.2023): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijlcj.2023.v06i05.007.
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This study aims to analyze and find the current implementation of post-nuptial marriage agreements, to analyze and find the legal standing of marriage agreements made after marriage to third parties (Post-Decision of the Constitutional Court Number. 69/PUU-XIII/2015), to find reconstruction the validity of the marriage agreement after marriage. This research is included in the socio-legal research tradition. Socio-legal research examines the application of legal principles or norms by using legal and social science approaches. Weaknesses in the implementation of the post-nuptial agreement at this time are the weakness in the absence of post-nuptial agreement arrangements, the weakness that there are opportunities for misuse of the situation by the parties in the post-wedding agreement; as well as the weakness in the form of a culture of society that only realizes the importance of the marriage agreement after the marriage takes place. The reconstruction carried out is to add Article 185A of the Civil Code which states that the provisions referred to in Article 155 to Article 185 also apply to marriage agreements made after and in marriage.
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Li, Yan, Kai Dong i Guang Fan Li. "The Application of BIM in the Restoration of Historical Buildings". Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (wrzesień 2014): 1627–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.1627.
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Along with economic development, the consciousness and the ability in our country of historical reconstruction increase gradually. The use of information technology for modeling, design and archive in historical reconstruction is of great significance.The emergence of BIM (building information model) technology can effectively promote the ancient architecture of information integration and the collaboration between the parties. It can also avoid the understanding error of design. Using BIM to build ancient building component library can also reduce the burden of the future similar engineering design modeling work. Articles explore the current problems to overcome in ancient building repair, introduce the BIM technology, and then expounds the importance and advantages of BIM technology in historical reconstruction. At last, this paper proposes the whole idea of using BIM technology to repair and build the historical building.
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Colombat, Bernard. "Les « parties du discours » (partes orationis) et la reconstruction d'une syntaxe latine au XVIe siècle". Langages 23, nr 92 (1988): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/lgge.1988.1999.
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Nurwati, Ammy, Bevaola Kusumasari, Agus Pramusinto i Ahmad Maryudi. "Principal-Agent Relation in Conserving the Kali Putih Area in the Reconstruction and Mitigation Zone of Merapi Mountain National Park". Policy & Governance Review 4, nr 1 (11.02.2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30589/pgr.v4i1.279.
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This article aims to observe the dynamics of policy implementation involving various stakeholders in the effort of conserving one of the National Parks in Indonesia, particularly Merapi Mountain National Park (Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi – TNGM). Following the Zoning Policy implemented in the TNGM area, there is a zone that should have been protected from mining activities, namely the reconstruction and mitigation zone. However, in its implementation, the conservation collaboration agreement of one of the areas in the zone, namely the Kali Putih Area, is instead used by some parties to engage in sand mining activities. The principal-agent theory is, thus, employed in this study to examine the extent of the relationship of every party in the zoning policy implementation process of an area designated as a Reconstruction and Mitigation Zone. The qualitative approach is used to gain direct insights pertaining to the implementation of efforts conducted by several relevant parties in conserving the Kali Putih Area in TNGM’s Reconstruction and Mitigation Zone. Study results ultimately show that moral hazard in the principal-agent theory should not only be understood as deviant behaviors enacted by the agent, but the moral hazard performed by the agent may also inϐluence the principal’s decision making process. This research is expected to provide an outlook to the government, which functions as the principal in a policy, to make several considerations prior to entering into any collaborative agreement or making any decision, so that the implementation process of policies can align with what has been previously planned.
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Xu, Jianxin, i Dongqin Feng. "Identification of ICS Security Risks toward the Analysis of Packet Interaction Characteristics Using State Sequence Matching Based on SF-FSM". Security and Communication Networks 2017 (2017): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2430835.
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This paper discusses two aspects of major risks related to the cyber security of an industrial control system (ICS), including the exploitation of the vulnerabilities of legitimate communication parties and the features abused by unauthorized parties. We propose a novel framework for exposing the above two types of risks. A state fusion finite state machine (SF-FSM) model is defined to describe multiple request-response packet pair sequence signatures of various applications using the same protocol. An inverted index of keywords in an industrial protocol is also proposed to accomplish fast state sequence matching. Then we put forward the concept of scenario reconstruction, using state sequence matching based on SF-FSM, to present the known vulnerabilities corresponding to applications of a specific type and version by identifying the packet interaction characteristics from the data flow in the supervisory control layer network. We also implement an anomaly detection approach to identifying illegal access using state sequence matching based on SF-FSM. An anomaly is asserted if none of the state sequence signatures in the SF-FSM is matched with a packet flow. Ultimately, an example based on industrial protocols is demonstrated by a prototype system to validate the methods of scenario reconstruction and anomaly detection.
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Amir Zal, WA. "Community reconstruction orientation by victims of the disaster of a post-monsoon flood in Malaysia". International Social Work 62, nr 2 (12.01.2018): 829–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872817746224.
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A monsoon flood often happens on a huge scale on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia and has an immediate impact on the community. This article explores the community reconstruction orientation of the victims of the disaster of a post-monsoon flood in Malaysia. The study was carried out using an exploratory case study design on nine flood victims in Pahang, Malaysia. These informants were chosen by using purposive sampling, and data were gathered using the interview and observation methods. This study found three forms of community reconstruction orientation: (1) self-orientation, (2) family orientation, and (3) community orientation. Each orientation can be observed in a context through a participation indicator element, such as priority and commitment; readiness, knowledge, and skill; and social routine. A reconstruction effort from all parties ought to consider these orientations to avoid negative effects on the community. Thus, this study suggests that a partnership approach should be applied in the future to carry out community reconstruction. However, the findings cannot be generalized since it was a preliminary study.
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Evendia, Malicia, Armen Yasir, Yulia Neta i Ade Arif Firmansyah. "The Legal Politics of Recall Right of Political Parties Relevance with the System of Popular Sovereignty In Dynamics of the Constitution of Indonesia". Pattimura Law Journal 5, nr 1 (30.09.2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/palau.v5i1.477.
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The existence of regulation of recall rights of political parties as regulated in Law No. 17 of 2014 and Law No. 2 of 2008 bring a great influence on the position of legislative members. Based on these rules, legislators may be dismissed from their positions if proposed by Political Party. This certainly brings a polemic for the people as the sovereign owner, who have chosen their representatives through the electoral process, but when chosen representatives of the people can be dismissed from his position by a political parties through the mechanism of the right of recall. This research was done by doctrinal method approach as well as the use of the statute, historical, and conceptual approach. This results showed that the legal politics of recall right of political parties is actually only used as an instrument of the political parties in controlling its members in parliament in order to always adhere to the party's policy direction. This makes the recall right political party is legal products that characterized conservative or orthodox. The existence of a political party's recall rights order gives a great authority to the political parties to negate the result of the people's choice as the holder of sovereignty for the sake of the political party. The function of political parties as a means of political recruitment in the process of filling political office in this case as members of the legislature, should have been completed after the people chose their representatives through electoral mechanisms. Therefore, it is necessary for the reconstruction of the ideal and relevant recall rights arrangement to the people's sovereignty.
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Ateş Burç, Safiye. "The reconstruction of symbolic space at Colombian-FARC peace process". Revista Latinoamericana Estudios de la Paz y el Conflicto 2, nr 3 (9.11.2020): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rlpc.v2i3.10338.
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Although long-armed conflicts between the Colombian government and the FARC organization have witnessed the occasional peace talks, it could evolve in peace after 2012. The peace process, which was announced to the public in 2016 with an official agreement, was a process consisting of many strategic steps, thus making it mandatory to regulate many areas. One of these areas is the symbolic area. In this study, which discusses the argument that the symbolic space must be regulated and renewed in peace processes, it is discussed how the peace of Colombia is read through symbolism and how the conflictual sides transform and reframe the symbolic space. As a result, it has been observed that the efforts of the parties (in this peace process) in transforming the symbolic area have a very important place for the lasting peace, so the symbols are not only superficial units put into the secondary plan, but on the contrary, they have been used actively and effectively from the beginning of the process.
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Barreyre, Nicolas. "The Politics of Economic Crises: The Panic of 1873, the End of Reconstruction, and the Realignment of American Politics". Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 10, nr 4 (28.09.2011): 403–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781411000260.
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On September 18, 1873, the announcement of Jay Cooke and Company's bankruptcy sent Wall Street to a panic, and the country to a long, harsh depression. Americans interpreted this economic crisis in the light of the acrimonious financial debates born of the Civil War—the money question chief among them. The consequences transformed American politics. Ideologically ill-equipped to devise cohesive economic policies, political parties split dangerously along sectional lines (between the Northeast and the Midwest). Particularly divided over President U.S. Grant's veto of the 1874 Inflation Bill, the Republican Party decisively lost the 1874 congressional elections. As a Democratic majority in the House spelled the doom of Reconstruction, the ongoing divisions of both parties on economic issues triggered a political realignment. The dramatic 1876 elections epitomized a new political landscape that would last for twenty years: high instability in power at the national level and what has been described as the “politics of inertia.” Therefore, by closely following the ramifications of the 1873 panic, this article proposes an explanation of how an economic crisis transformed into a pivotal political event.
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Hamijaya J, I. Wayan Surya. "Reconstruction of Over-the-Counter Transaction Settings Based on Legal Certainty". Jurnal Dinamika Hukum 19, nr 3 (20.10.2020): 710. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2019.19.3.2718.
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OTC (Over-the-Counter) Transaction has become one of the alternative choices that greatly benefits to the parties. Problems then arise when the law has been formed by the competent authority, but it creates legal uncertainty due to the regulations that regulate the same things but different contents. The OTC Transactions are regulated in Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 22 / POJK.04 / 2019 on Securities Transactions. It is stated that the OTC are included in securities transactions, of which transactions can be done both in the primary and secondary markets. However, the Regulation Number 8 of 1995 does not regulate the OTC transactions. This can lead to the legal uncertainty towards the OTC transaction agents since there are more than one regulation governing the same problem. In addition, a reconstruction is needed for legal protection and dispute resolution related to the OTC transactions.Keywords: OTC transactions, regulatory reconstruction, legal certainty.
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Vastmans, Stijn. "CJEU in KPC Herning: The Supply of Land with a Building to Be Demolished Is not Necessarily a VAT Taxable Supply of Building Land". Intertax 48, Issue 2 (1.02.2020): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2020021.
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On 4 September 2019, the Court of Justice of the European Union delivered an interesting judgment on a real estate transaction relating to the sale of land together with a building for which the parties had the intention of demolishing the building to make room for a new building. (DK: CJEU 4 September 2019, Case C-71/18, KPC Herning, ECLI:EU:C:2019:660.) Although this judgment is based on the specific facts of the case, the Court has provided some interesting guidance on the concept ‘building land’ and, more generally, the distinction between multiple or single supplies for Value Added Tax purposes. VAT and real estate transactions, Single and multiple supplies, VAT exemption for transfer of land and existing building, VAT taxable supply of building land, Parties’ intention, Demolition and reconstruction, Case KPC Herning, Case Don Bosco Onroerend Goed
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Jenkins, Jeffery A., Justin Peck i Vesla M. Weaver. "Between Reconstructions: Congressional Action on Civil Rights, 1891–1940". Studies in American Political Development 24, nr 1 (kwiecień 2010): 57–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x10000015.
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Prior analyses of congressional action on the issue of black civil rights have typically examined either of the two major Reconstructions. Our paper attempts to fill the large five-decade black box between the end of the First Reconstruction and the beginning of the Second, routinely skipped over in scholarship on Congress, parties, and racial politics. Using a variety of sources—bill-introduction data, statements by members in the Congressional Record, roll-call votes, and newspaper reports, among others—we challenge the common assumption that civil rights largely disappeared from the congressional agenda between 1891 and 1940, documenting instead the continued contestation over racial issues in Congress. By examining several failed anti-lynching initiatives, this article uncovers a largely untold story about how and when the Republican and Democratic Parties reorganized around race, finding that the realignment began earlier than is commonly understood.
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Cahyani, Tinuk Dwi Cahyani, i Komariah Komariah. "UPAYA HUKUM PERMOHONAN EKSEKUSI TERHADAP PUTUSAN NAFKAH HADHANAH (Studi Pelaksanaan Putusan Terhadap Putusan Pengadilan Agama Nomor : 0957/Pdt.G/2014/PA.MLG)". Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum LEGALITY 25, nr 1 (14.07.2018): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jihl.v25i1.5994.
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The judge's ruling on the provision of a living has to be protected from legal certainty and justice in the decision Number: 0957 / Pdt.G / 2014 / PA.Mlg if the Petitioner (Defendant) is a civil servant (PNS). Implementation of the provision of income by the Petitioner (Defendant Reconciliation) to the Respondent (Plaintiff of Reconstruction) in the decision Number: 0957 / Pdt.G / 2014 / PA.Mlg. The supporting or inhibiting factor in the provision of the provision of income by the Petitioner (Defendant) to the Respondent (Plaintiff) in Decision Number: 0957 / Pdt.G / 2014 / PA.Mlg which has permanent legal force. To know the implementation of the decision, it is necessary to do research which is a sociological juridical research, using Primary data type which is a decision Number: 0957 / Pdt.G / 2014 / PA.Mlg. Data collection using the analysis of the decision that has been legally fixed (inkracht), interviews, documentation and literature study. The study was taken from the decision of the Panel of Judges in the Religious Courts of Malang and the interviews of the Respondent / Plaintiffs of Reconstruction. in order to be a reference for readers. Meanwhile, there are still obstacles in Malang education office that can not be interviewed because it is not willing to be questioned or information on the grounds there has never been a similar case. The result of research has been done by the researcher that the Petitioner / Defendant of Reconstruction does not fulfill its obligation as it existed in the ruling Decision Number: 0957 / Pdt.G / 2014 / PA.Mlg which is the basis of judge consideration already has elements of justice for the parties because it is in accordance with the circumstances and the ability of the parties to perform their respective obligations. Applicant/Defendant Rekonpensi able to carry out its obligations as an educator as well as a Civil Servant (PNS). Since the verdict was read by the Panel of Judges who had been inkracht, the Petitioner / Defendant of the Reconstruction for three years ignored or neglected his obligations (hadhanah's living). No seizure of guarantee or sanction if Petitioner / Defendant Reconcile neglects to its obligation.
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Khambali, Muhammad. "RECONSTRUCTION OF DETENTITON REGULATION AGAINST A SUSPECT OR DEFENDANT IN ACCORDANCE WITH CIVIL CODE BASED ON JUSTICE". International Journal of Law Reconstruction 1, nr 1 (15.12.2017): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v1i1.2410.
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Detention is a criminal act of deprivation of freedom which is one of the criminal forms stipulated in the Criminal Code. The mechanisms of detention have been organized according to the Criminal Procedure Code. Mistakes in detention can lead to fatalities for many parties including people who execute the detention. The impact of detention on suspects/defendants is not only felt by suspects/defendants, but also it is felt by families of suspects/defendants, communities, and countries.
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Shareef Klaib Alshraideh, Safa, i Haya A. Alhourani. "The Shift toward Fusha (Classical Arabic Language) Reconstruction of the Concept". Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences 49, nr 5 (29.12.2022): 556–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/hum.v49i5.3507.
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This research aims to re-formulate the concept of conversion to classical Arabic, in light of the challenges it faces in the era of globalization, and the failure of attempts to impose fusha in the street and in schools and universities, By trying to uncover pragmatic methods, that succeed in bringing life back to Standard Arabic in different sectors, But with a less perfect outlook, more closer to the user's need, it suggests various ways to achieve this. In this context, the research seeks to answer questions such as: Does speaking “ fusha” represent a priority issue in light of the rampant weakness in public education? can the project of “ shifting to fusha” in the street and in the classroom succeed? What is the purpose of shifting to fusha? How does Fusha contribute to preserving and strengthening Arab culture? Who should undertake this task? What are the roles of the different parties to achieve the required goal?
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Fischel de Andrade, José H. "The Battisti Case: A Legal-Historical Reconstruction". Refugee Survey Quarterly 41, nr 1 (22.12.2021): 108–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdab020.
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Abstract The Battisti Case constitutes a rare high-profile case of decision-making and judicial ruling on the (hardly ever explored) interpretation and implementation of refugee law by political, technical, and judicial actors in Latin America. It concerns an Italian citizen, Cesare Battisti, sentenced twice to life imprisonment who, after escaping from prison, fled to Mexico, France, Brazil, and Bolivia. Even though Italy had twice attempted to have Mr Battisti extradited from both France (1991 and 2003) and Brazil (2007 and 2017), his extradition has never been materialised. In 2019 he was removed from Bolivia to Italy, where he has been serving his sentences. This study analyses the facts prior to the 2007 Italian extradition request, Mr Battisti’s application for refugee status, the Brazilian Supreme Court’s main extradition ruling, the presidential decision on his non-extradition, Mr Battisti’s last years in Brazil and removal from Bolivia, and his confession and the execution of his prison sentence. This piece analyses a case where several parties seem to be in the wrong: the prosecuted criminal and former protecting States have misused the asylum regime, and the country where the prisoner is serving his sentence is seemingly aggravating his situation as a result of his “personal condition”.
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Marchese, Maria Pia. "Les traces de la formation indo-européaniste de Saussure dans le CLG". Recherches sémiotiques 34, nr 1-2-3 (28.07.2016): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1037151ar.
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Fondateur de la linguistique générale, Saussure était, avant tout, un linguiste historique et connaissait bien les méthodes de la reconstruction de l’indo-européen, laquelle se fonde sur la connaissance des langues anciennes. Cet article vise à montrer la transition des études indo-européennes aux études théoriques sur la langue chez Saussure, et surtout à mettre en évidence le lien existant entre elles dans le CLG. En vue de reconstruire cette transition, il analyse également les éditions des trois cours universitaires qui sont à la base du CLG, de même que les manuscrits saussuriens découverts en 1996. Nous pouvons constater que certaines parties du CLG, notamment la troisième, consacrée à la linguistique diachronique, seraient impensables en dehors d’une solide formation dans le domaine de la linguistique historico-comparative et que, même les parties les plus théoriques, sont illustrées par des exemples et des raisonnements émanant précisément de sa formation d’indo-européaniste.
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Haider, Asad. "Foucault’s Solitude". South Atlantic Quarterly 121, nr 4 (1.10.2022): 795–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00382876-10066482.
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Engaging contemporary critiques of Foucault’s politics, this article resituates his relationship to neoliberalism within the challenges posed by the experience of state socialism and social democracy in the twentieth century, which calls for a reconstruction of the relationship between what are supposedly Foucault’s cultural orientation and the economic orientation of socialist states and parties. This vantage point shows that Foucault’s late conceptions of the subject are not an involution into neoliberal individualism, but a way of thinking through the crisis of emancipatory politics.
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Hulu, Fonaha, Gunarto Gunarto i Anis Mashdurohatun. "Legal Reconstruction of Land Dispute Settlement Based on Justice Value". Scholars International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice 6, nr 03 (11.03.2023): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijlcj.2023.v06i03.002.
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The purpose of this study is to analyze the weaknesses in land dispute resolution regulations, as well as to reconstruct land dispute settlement regulations based on the value of justice. The research method used in this study is a normative juridical method with data analysis based on a qualitative approach. The results of the research show that the settlement of cases through courts in Indonesia costs high, not to mention the long completion times and complicated court bureaucracy. Through the reconstruction of land settlement regulations based on the value of justice, the author offers a solution in the settlement of land disputes, namely being required to mediate before land disputes are brought to court. 21 of 2020 article 2 point e. In addition, a National Land Commission (KPN) must be formed in accordance with the Agrarian Government Regulation/Head of the Republic of Indonesia's National Land Agency No. 21 of 2020 article 3, this can facilitate the process of regulation of land dispute resolution based on the value of justice that benefits various parties in the field of financing, time and accelerates the resolution of cases of land dispute settlement which has long since piling up in court.
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Sari, Ani Herna, Rahma Sugihartati, Nur Wulan i Lukman Hakim. "Communication And Digitality In Anti-Vaccine Community Behavior Reconstruction". Jurnal Komunikasi 14, nr 2 (5.12.2022): 263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jk.v14i2.17167.
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Communication is growing with the advancement of digitalization. This led to the emergence of behavioral construction in society in response to a phenomen. Various patterns of social communication are deliberately carried out to achieve certain interests, but in fact, social communication does not always run in a positive direction and benefit many parties. In the anti-vaccine community in some areas of Surabaya shows that social communication carried out in a negative direction is in the act of mass vaccine rejection. This is certainly interesting, because social communication that is done with manners, manners, and background emotions and solidarity actually leads to the act of constructing behavior. This study will examine digitalization and communication on the construction of anti-vaccine community behavior in the city of Surabaya. The approach taken is qualitative, while the ethnographic method is chosen to obtain relevant data on a daily phenomenon. The results of this study found that digital media in conducting intensive social communication was able to foster behavioral reconstruction. Sharing behavior that was initially believed to be true was deliberately spread, but with the existence of information in digital media, it is able to destroy the power of subjective reality that is created. Communication in digital media is certainly not the only factor, but with the intensification of social communication, social reconstruction can occur again and again.
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Heydemann, Steven. "Civil War, Economic Governance & State Reconstruction in the Arab Middle East". Daedalus 147, nr 1 (styczeń 2018): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00473.
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Civil wars currently underway in Libya, Syria, and Yemen demonstrate that patterns of economic governance during violent conflict exhibit significant continuity with prewar practices, raising important questions along three lines. First, violent conflict may disrupt prewar practices less than is often assumed. Second, continuity in governance highlights the limits of state fragility frameworks for postconflict reconstruction that view violent conflict as creating space for institutional reform. Third, continuity of prewar governance practices has important implications for the relationship between sovereignty, governance, and conflict resolution. Civil wars in the Middle East have not created conditions conducive to reconceptualizing sovereignty or decoupling sovereignty and governance. Rather, parties to conflict compete to capture and monopolize the benefits that flow from international recognition. Under these conditions, civil wars in the Middle East will not yield easily to negotiated solutions. Moreover, to the extent that wartime economic orders reflect deeply institutionalized norms and practices, postconflict conditions will limit possibilities for interventions defined in terms of overcoming state fragility.
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Emmanuel, Abah. "Godfatherism and Democratic Reconstruction in Nigeria: A Review of Nigeria’s Fourth Republic". Journal of Policy and Development Studies 15, nr 2 (9.05.2024): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jpds.v15i2.1.
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Much of the contemporary discourse on Nigeria's democracy and politics from 1999 till date has at its centre, the phenomenon of 'godfatherism' in the leadership of political parties, and in running the affairs of our multi-nation-state. As a result of the corruption of the electoral and political processes, governmental structures, electoral politics and state power are skewed towards satisfying the self- regarding interests of the dominant political mentors otherwise known as 'political godfathers'. Relying on their wealth and their political machines, they secure party nomination for candidates of their choice by any means, sponsor their election, including manipulating the electoral process. This paper is intended to examine critically the crisis of political godfatherism in Nigeria and its implications for the future of the nation's democracy. It suggests ways the gods of Nigerian democracy and politics can be checked and confronted if the country is to deepen democracy and strengthen democratic institutions.
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Djuric, Jelena. "Identity and interculturality: Serbia as a place of interweaving of Balkans and (Central) Europe". Filozofija i drustvo 19, nr 3 (2008): 217–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid0803217d.
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This article is an attempt to find a suitable concept for possible reconstruction and integration of various cultural identities, which are diverse and internally layered. The view on issues of identity taken from Serbia - the country in 'transition' faring through different temptations in search for an appropriate identity which could mean a chance for integrity in processes of identity changes - is specific in as much as it could consider itself as a subject of history and not only as 'otherness' designated by other parties.