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Bickel, Kelly, James Eldred Pascoe i Alan Sola. "Level curve portraits of rational inner functions". ANNALI DELLA SCUOLA NORMALE SUPERIORE DI PISA - CLASSE DI SCIENZE 21, nr 1 (grudzień 2020): 449–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2422/2036-2145.201804_025.
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Bickel, Kelly, James Eldred Pascoe i Alan Sola. "Singularities of rational inner functions in higher dimensions". American Journal of Mathematics 144, nr 4 (sierpień 2022): 1115–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ajm.2022.0025.
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Knese, Greg. "Schur-Agler class rational inner functions on the tridisk". Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 139, nr 11 (1.11.2011): 4063–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0002-9939-2011-10975-4.
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Agler, Jim, Zinaida A. Lykova i N. J. Young. "Algebraic and geometric aspects of rational Γ-inner functions". Advances in Mathematics 328 (kwiecień 2018): 133–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aim.2017.12.018.
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Alsalhi, Omar M. O., i Zinaida A. Lykova. "Rational tetra-inner functions and the special variety of the tetrablock". Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 506, nr 1 (luty 2022): 125534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2021.125534.
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Knese, G. "Rational inner functions in the Schur-Agler class of the polydisk". Publicacions Matemàtiques 55 (1.07.2011): 343–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/publmat_55211_04.
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Agler, Jim, Zinaida A. Lykova i N. J. Young. "Finite Blaschke products and the construction of rational Γ-inner functions". Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 447, nr 2 (marzec 2017): 1163–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2016.10.035.
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Xu, Xu, Xiaoqiang Xu i Laiyi Zhu. "The convergence properties of orthogonal rational functions on the extended real line and analytic on the upper half plane". International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 18, nr 05 (23.05.2020): 2050032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691320500320.
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We study the orthogonal rational functions with a given sequence of poles on the half plane. We give the weak-star convergence results for the rational measures which relate to the Poisson kernel and reproducing kernel. Those rational measures represent the same inner product as the normalized Nevanlinna measure in [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we consider the convergence properties of the interpolants which interpolate the Carathéodory function [Formula: see text].
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Bickel, Kelly, James Eldred Pascoe i Alan Sola. "Derivatives of rational inner functions: geometry of singularities and integrability at the boundary". Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society 116, nr 2 (31.08.2017): 281–329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/plms.12072.
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Ball, Joseph A., i Dmitry S. Kaliuzhnyi-Verbovetskyi. "Rational Cayley inner Herglotz–Agler functions: Positive-kernel decompositions and transfer-function realizations". Linear Algebra and its Applications 456 (wrzesień 2014): 138–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.laa.2013.10.022.
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Della Vecchia, B. "Direct and converse results for the weighted rational approximation of functions with inner singularities". Journal of Approximation Theory 126, nr 1 (styczeń 2004): 16–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jat.2003.12.001.
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Gombani, Andrea, i Martine Olivi. "A New Parametrization of Rational Inner Functions of Fixed Degree: Schur Parameters and Realizations". Mathematics of Control, Signals, and Systems 13, nr 2 (maj 2000): 156–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00009864.
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Rajkovic, Predrag, Sladjana Marinkovic i Miomir Stankovic. "Orthogonal polynomials with varying weight of Laguerre type". Filomat 29, nr 5 (2015): 1053–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1505053r.
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In this paper, we define and examine a new functional product in the space of real polynomials. This product includes the weight function which depends on degrees of the participants. In spite of it does not have all properties of an inner product, we construct the sequence of orthogonal polynomials. These polynomials can be eigenfunctions of a differential equation what was used in some considerations in the theoretical physics. In special, we consider Laguerre type weight function and prove that the corresponding orthogonal polynomial sequence is connected with Laguerre polynomials. We study their differential properties and orthogonal properties of some related rational and exponential functions.
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Chen, Zhengxiong, Rui Zhong, Shuangwei Hu, Bin Qin i Xing Zhao. "Effect of Multiple Annular Plates on Vibration Characteristics of Laminated Submarine-like Structures". Materials 15, nr 18 (13.09.2022): 6357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186357.
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A numerical model for the prediction of vibration behaviors of a laminated submarine structure consisting of spherical, cylindrical, and cone shells with multiple built-in annular plates is reported in this article. With the aid of the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) concerning plates and shells, the energy expressions of each substructure are derived. The displacement functions in the energy functionals are expanded by the employment of Legendre orthogonal polynomials and circumferential Fourier series. Then, the Rayleigh–Ritz procedure is performed to obtain the eigenfrequency and the corresponding eigenmode of the submarine model. The correctness of the structural model is examined by comparing the results with existing papers and the finite element method, and the maximum deviation is not more than 2.07%. Additionally, the influence of the plate’s thickness, position, inner diameter, as well as the laying angle on the intrinsic vibration characteristics of laminated submarine-like structure is determined. The results reveal that rational geometry design and assemblage benefit the vibration performance of the combination. Increasing the thickness of all the annular plates, decreasing the inner radius, and regulating the laminated scheme, make remarkable influence on structural free vibration, with the maximum relative changing rate of frequency exceeding 97%, 16%, and 23%, respectively.
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Deshpande, Tanmay. "Shintani descent for algebraic groups and almost characters of unipotent groups". Compositio Mathematica 152, nr 8 (1.06.2016): 1697–724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s0010437x16007429.
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In this paper, we extend the notion of Shintani descent to general (possibly disconnected) algebraic groups defined over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_{q}$. For this, it is essential to treat all the pure inner $\mathbb{F}_{q}$-rational forms of the algebraic group at the same time. We prove that the notion of almost characters (introduced by Shoji using Shintani descent) is well defined for any neutrally unipotent algebraic group, i.e. an algebraic group whose neutral connected component is a unipotent group. We also prove that these almost characters coincide with the ‘trace of Frobenius’ functions associated with Frobenius-stable character sheaves on neutrally unipotent groups. In the course of the proof, we also prove that the modular categories that arise from Boyarchenko and Drinfeld’s theory of character sheaves on neutrally unipotent groups are in fact positive integral, confirming a conjecture due to Drinfeld.
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İlhan, Onur Alp, Fatma Berna Benli, M. Nurul Islam, M. Ali Akbar i Haci Mehmet Baskonus. "Closed form soliton solutions to the space-time fractional foam drainage equation and coupled mKdV evolution equations". International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation 24, nr 3 (8.03.2021): 1037–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijnsns-2020-0197.
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Abstract Fractional nonlinear evolution equations concerning conformable fractional derivative are effective models to interpret intricate physical phenomena in the real world. The space-time fractional foam drainage equation and the coupled mKdV equations with conformable fractional derivative are important model equations for shallow water waves, the waves of flow of liquid between bubbles, the capillary waves, the waves of foam density, the electro-hydro-dynamical model, the ion acoustic plasma waves etc. In this study, we extract the functional and further general exact wave solutions comprising the rational, trigonometric, exponential and hyperbolic functions to the above stated models taking the advantage of the auxiliary equation method with the assistance of the fractional complex transformation. The method is convenient, reliable and delivers fresh and useful solutions to fractional differential equations ascend in physical and engineering sciences. We depict figures of the obtained solutions in order to illustrate the inner structure associated to the phenomena.
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Iram Gillani i Amber Ferdoos. "Heart Intelligence from Quran and Science: An Integrated Approach for the Evolution of Enlightened Self in the Society". International Research Journal on Islamic Studies (IRJIS) 4, nr 1 (1.01.2022): 01–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54262/irjis.04.01.e01.
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This qualitative research paper has presented the theoretical underpinning of heart intelligence from the Quranic and scientific perspectives. Epistemological reductionism is the methodology used in this research which is an integrated approach for a thorough understanding of mechanisms that generates and maintains the connections between heart intelligence, self, society, nature, and God from the interdisciplinary perspectives. This research has explained three elements of the heart intelligence named, emotional, rational and spiritual according to their functions. These elements of the heart intelligence are explained from the verses of the Quran and scientific evidence is also provided. Realignment of the individual thoughts patterns with the heart intelligence is fundamental to peace, harmony and wellbeing at the individual, societal and global level. Through this Divine inner guiding system, individuals can understand the challenges of life and acquire true wisdom. This research affirms that the socialization of heart intelligence will bring new more creative ways of thinking about the nature of reality and create the possibility for self-empowered existence where individuals in the society have enormous influence over their lives with an optimistic approach.
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Cao, Tingting, Lingfei Sun, Yuxiang Jiang, Shanjin Huang, Jiawei Wang i Zhucheng Chen. "Crystal structure of a nuclear actin ternary complex". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, nr 32 (25.07.2016): 8985–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1602818113.
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Actin polymerizes and forms filamentous structures (F-actin) in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. It also exists in the nucleus and regulates various nucleic acid transactions, particularly through its incorporation into multiple chromatin-remodeling complexes. However, the specific structure of actin and the mechanisms that regulate its polymeric nature inside the nucleus remain unknown. Here, we report the crystal structure of nuclear actin (N-actin) complexed with actin-related protein 4 (Arp4) and the helicase-SANT–associated (HSA) domain of the chromatin remodeler Swr1. The inner face and barbed end of N-actin are sequestered by interactions with Arp4 and the HSA domain, respectively, which prevents N-actin from polymerization and binding to many actin regulators. The two major domains of N-actin are more twisted than those of globular actin (G-actin), and its nucleotide-binding pocket is occluded, freeing N-actin from binding to and regulation by ATP. These findings revealed the salient structural features of N-actin that distinguish it from its cytoplasmic counterpart and provide a rational basis for its functions and regulation inside the nucleus.
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Karpenko, Vitalii, i Iryna Zakryzhevska. "ROLE AND PLACE OF CORPORATE SECTOR IN THE STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN ECONOMY". MODELING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMIC SYSTEMS, nr 4 (29.12.2022): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/mdes/2022-6-5.
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The article notes the role and place of corporate formations in the strategic development of national economies. The essence and meaning of the concept corporation are researched. The differences between corporations and joint-stock companies are considered. Characterized features, functions, components and classification of corporations are described. The corporation, with its institutionalization of domestic economic relations, rigidity of the procedures for making and implementation of managerial decisions, with the simultaneous mechanism of limiting the freedom of action of managers – from the point of view of information specialization, is sufficiently perfect structure. It is necessary to distinguish the basic functions of the corporation: social, economic, technological, innovative and institutional. It was determined that the main feature of the corporate form of ownership is inner duality objectively inherent to it, i.e., it arises, functions and develops simultaneously: on the one hand, as the property of shareholders (private), and on the other – joint stock company as a whole (collective). The possibility of purposeful and effective behavior of the corporation is largely determined by this. It also determines those organizational advantages that can enhance its ability to use the most rational (definite, consistent) process of making decision for implementing the most effective market strategies. It was conclusion that for further perspective the development of corporations will enable to increase the efficiency of the Ukrainian economy both at micro and macro levels: to restore the stock market of Ukraine; to increase the capitalization of domestic companies; to strengthen the role of professional managers; to increase the competitiveness of products at domestic enterprises.
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Arov, Damir Z., i Harry Dym. "J-inner matrix functions, interpolation and inverse problems for canonical systems, V: The inverse input scattering problem for Wiener class and rational p�q input scattering matrices". Integral Equations and Operator Theory 43, nr 1 (marzec 2002): 68–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01196514.
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Wang, Xiaoci, Ruirui Wang, Qiang Yu, Hongjun Liu, Wei Liu, Jun Ma, Teng Niu i Linzhe Yang. "Study on the Structural Properties of an Ecospatial Network in Inner Mongolia and Its Relationship with NPP". Applied Sciences 12, nr 10 (11.05.2022): 4872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12104872.
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In the context of strengthening the construction of ecological civilization and accelerating the “carbon peak” in China, the regional ecological pattern and its connection with carbon sink capacity have become an urgent topic. Given that Inner Mongolia is a large carbon emission province and the conflict between economic development and ecological protection is particularly prominent, we took Inner Mongolia as an example to extract its ecospatial network, then calculated the integrity index, topological indices, and recovery robustness of the network and evaluated integrity and other properties of the ecospatial network structure by combining them with the ecological background. In addition, we analyzed the relationship between the topological indices and net primary productivity (NPP). The results showed that the network was scale-free and heterogeneous, with low integrity, connectivity and stability, which were the focus of future optimization. The nodes with important functions were mainly distributed in the farm-forest ecotone, grasslands, and the agro-pastoral ecotone; under the simulation attack, the node recovery robustness was stronger than the corridor recovery robustness, and NPP was negatively and significantly correlated with the woodland nodes and grassland nodes. In terms of ecological restoration, the unused land in the west is a key area, and it is necessary to add new ecological nodes and corridors. In terms of enhancing carbon sequestration capacity, under the premise of ensuring network connectivity, the appropriate and rational merging of ecological nodes and corridors within woodlands and grasslands is a particularly effective means. This study provides a reference for evaluating and optimizing the ecological pattern of areas with prominent ecological problems and improving the carbon sink of ecosystems in terms of their ecospatial network structure.
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BEDAN, Victoria. "Psychological characteristics of the types of the experience of loneliness functional orientation". EUROPEAN HUMANITIES STUDIES: State and Society, nr 3(I) (15.09.2020): 4–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.38014/ehs-ss.2020.3-1.01.
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The article is devoted to the study of the "ego function" features of persons with different functional loneliness orientations. It discusses the views of scientists on the definition of the concepts of loneliness, and ideas about the functions of the ego, are included in the framework of the human model of personality by G. Ammon. The results of an empirical study aimed at determining the features of self-functions of individuals with different functional orientations of loneliness are stated. The bonds between the indicators of ego functions such as aggression, anxiety, internal and external selflimitations, narcissism, sexuality; and the types of functional loneliness orientation are established. Groups of creative, adaptive and self-destructive experiences of loneliness are defined. It has been established that groups of individuals with a different loneliness experience are distinguished by the specifics of the manifestation of ego functions (constructive, destructive, deficit). A descriptive characteristic of the ego-functional profiles of individuals with different experience types of loneliness orientation are presented, and their psychological portraits are compiled. It has been proven that people having creative types of loneliness experiences are inherently more sociable, empathetic, open, able to constructively overcome difficulties and interpersonal conflicts, have higher self-esteem, are more ambitious, realistic in their perception of themselves and others, emotionally and spiritually mature, and able to express feelings and emotional experiences. Persons with an adaptive type of loneliness experience are characterized by control of interpersonal distance, rational use of available resources, difficulties in setting and upholding personally significant goals, inconsistency of emotional experience, instability concerning oneself, emotional depreciation of important events and significant relationships, blocking activities; and feelings of fatigue, boredom and emotional emptiness. Persons with a self-destructive type of loneliness experience are characterized by between the person’s inner world and his social environment, resulting in increased mental stress, fear of the future, anxiety, uncertainty, dissatisfaction with life.
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Chertenko, L. P., T. M. Lypskyi i S. S. Garkavenko. "APPLICATION OF 3D MODELING METHODS TO EXTEND THE RANGE OF SHOE LASTS". Fashion Industry, nr 2 (22.10.2020): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2706-5898.2020.2.3.
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A shoe last determines the inner form of a footwear. Therefore, one of the primary tasks that arise while introducing CAD of footwear is to improve the method of designing the complex surface of the shoe last (the inner form of a shoe) to provide the effi cient use of CAD functions for this aim. The variet y of modern shapes of shoe lasts complicates the task of developing their rational parameters. One of the ways to solve this problem is developing a combined shoe last that has a scientifi cally sound bac k part which includes the heel, instep and ball area, and the convertible toe part. This solution will help to fulfi ll the task of expanding the assortment range of the shoe lasts using basic ergonomic shapes. At the same time, the problem of joining two diff erent parts of a complex spatial shapes of the last is solved by using the methods of blending, morphing and construction of joining surfaces in the PowerShape software environment. Improving the range of the shoe last shapes using 3D modeling features. Scientifi c novelty. The method of modeling the ergonomic shape of a shoe last of the necessary style by combining two parts of diff erent lasts using the surface and hybrid modeling features of PowerShape software. The development of the new last shapes based on the tested ergonomic designs ensures a good combination of comfort and aesthetics, creating the preconditions for the practical implementation of the idea of a universal last with a replaceable toe part.
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Vivcharyk, Nataliia. "Landscape and its Functions in the Stories of “Christmas Tree” by Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi and “Pine Tree” by Olena Pchilka". Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 8, nr 1 (1.04.2021): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.8.1.148-154.
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The article proves that the implementation of a comprehensive approach to the aesthetic education of students in NUS involves, along with the traditional teaching of subjects, their integration, in particular in the humanitarian, artistic cycle. “The concept of artistic and aesthetic education of students in secondary schools” indicates the need to take into account interdisciplinary, intersectoral links within modern school education because educational processes provide rational, aesthetic, and emotional understanding of the phenomena of the surrounding reality. The article points out that the concept of landscape is interdisciplinary and is used in various fields of art, including literature, which influences the formation of personality, helps gain some knowledge about the environment, the relationship between people and nature. The article analyzes the functions of landscapes in children's stories “Christmas Tree” by Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi and “Pine Tree” by Olena Pchilka in detail. Attention is paid to the consonance of the names of works of art. It is proved that titles implicitly outline the time of action and are projected on the plot. The creative style of Olena Pchilka and Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi is characterized by the “revival” of nature. On the background of winter landscapes, the writers depict the lives of different segments of the population, customs and traditions associated with Christmas. It is indicated that landscapes perform both pictorial and characterological functions. Describing the preparation for Christmas, the writers appeal to the use of contrasts, which helps reveal social issues. In both works, the symbolic marker of wealth/poverty is a Christmas tree/pine tree. Descriptions of the winter elements evoke tragic premonitions. The emotionality of the story emphasizes the rupture of phrases, the accumulation of exclamatory and interrogative constructions. It is shown that landscapes convey the inner experiences of the characters, who successfully overcome all the difficulties and return home. By resorting to the synthesis of arts, using visual materials and musical accompaniment, teachers can develop students' associative thinking and teach to comprehensively analyze information. Analyzing the stories “Christmas Tree” by Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi and “Pine Tree” by Olena Pchilka, students consider not only the topics and issues, but also comprehend the processes of human interaction with nature, which serves to form a humane attitude to the environment and develops aesthetic feelings.
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Vazquez-Leal, Hector. "Exploring the Novel Continuum-Cancellation Leal-Method for the Approximate Solution of Nonlinear Differential Equations". Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2020 (17.05.2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4967219.
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This work presents the novel continuum-cancellation Leal-method (CCLM) for the approximation of nonlinear differential equations. CCLM obtains accurate approximate analytical solutions resorting to a process that involves the continuum cancellation (CC) of the residual error of multiple selected points; such CC process occurs during the successive derivatives of the differential equation resulting in an accuracy increase of the inner region of the CC-points and, thus, extends the domain of convergence and accuracy. Users of CCLM can propose their own trial functions to construct the approximation as long as they are continuous in the CC-points, that is, it can be polynomials, exponentials, and rational polynomials, among others. In addition, we show how the process to obtain the approximations is straightforward and simple to achieve and capable to generate compact, and easy, computable expressions. A convergence control is proposed with the aim to establish a solid scheme to obtain optimal CCLM approximations. Furthermore, we present the application of CCLM in several examples: Thomas–Fermi singular equation for the neutral atom, magnetohydrodynamic flow of blood in a porous channel singular boundary-valued problem, and a system of initial condition differential equations to model the dynamics of cocaine consumption in Spain. We present a computational convergence study for the proposed approximations resulting in a tendency of the RMS error to zero as the approximation order increases for all case studies. In addition, a computation time analysis (using Fortran) for the proposed approximations presents average times from 3.5 nanoseconds to 7 nanoseconds for all the case studies. Thence, CCML approximations can be used for intensive computing simulations.
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Xu, Xinlei, Siyuan Wang, Gege Yan i Xinyi He. "Ecological Security Assessment Based on the “Importance–Sensitivity–Connectivity” Index and Pattern Construction: A Case Study of Xiliu Ditch in the Yellow River Basin, China". Land 12, nr 7 (27.06.2023): 1296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12071296.
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Resource, environmental, and ecological issues have become major constraints to the development of many regions. The Yellow River Basin is an important barrier for maintaining ecological security in northern China, but it has been impacted by problems such as severe soil erosion and declining biodiversity. The rational construction of ecological security patterns is important to enhance ecosystem functions and maintain regional ecological security. In this study, a comprehensive ecological security assessment system was constructed by selecting ecosystem service importance, ecological sensitivity, and landscape connectivity to assess the ecological security of Xiliu Ditch, an ecologically fragile region of the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River Basin in China. The assessment results showed significant spatial heterogeneity, with medium- and low-security value areas dominating, while high-security value areas accounted for only 18.7% of the study area. Seventeen ecological sources were identified from the high-security areas, which were mainly composed of grassland, woodland, and water bodies, most of which are distributed in the southern part of the study area. Twenty ecological corridors were selected by the minimum cumulative resistance model and gravity model and classified into 15 construction corridors and 5 potential corridors. Forty-six ecological nodes were defined, including twenty strategic points, nine potential strategic points, and seventeen break points. On this basis, we constructed an ecological security pattern of “two belts, three cores, six zones, multiple corridors and multiple nodes” and proposed corresponding ecological governance measures. This study explores the ecological security pattern at the small watershed scale, which helps to realize the fine management of the Xiliu Ditch basin and, on this basis, can provide scientific support for the ecological protection and sustainable development of the Yellow River basin. In addition, the ecological security assessment system proposed in this study can provide new ideas for the construction of ecological security patterns in similar ecologically fragile areas around the globe.
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Lorch, Lee, i Martin E. Muldoon. "Transcendentality of zeros of higher dereivatives of functions involving Bessel functions". International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 18, nr 3 (1995): 551–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s0161171295000706.
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C.L. Siegel established in 1929 [Ges. Abh., v.1, pp. 209-266] the deep results that (i) all zeros ofJv(x)andJ′v(x)are transcendental whenvis rational,x≠0, and (ii)J′v(x)/Jv(x)is transcendental whenvis rational andxalgebraic. As usual,Jv(x)is the Bessel function of first kind and orderv. Here it is shown that simple arguments permit one to infer from Siegel's results analogous but not identical properties of the zeros of higher derivatives ofx−uJv(x)whenμis algebraic andvrational. In particular,J‴1(±3)=0while all other zeros ofJ‴1(x)and all zeros ofJ‴v(x),v2≠1,x≠0, are transcendental. Further,J0(4)(±3)=0while all other zeros ofJ0(4)(x),x≠0, and ofJv(4)(x),v≠0,x≠0, are transcendental. All zeros ofJv(n)(x),x≠0, are transcendental,n=5,…,18, whenvis rational. For most values ofn, the proofs used the symbolic computation package MapleV(Release 1).
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Ginsberg, Warren. "Dante, Ovid, and the Transformation of Metamorphosis". Traditio 46 (1991): 205–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362152900004244.
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In the seventh bolgia of the Inferno, Dante encounters the thieves, who are punished by undergoing an horrific series of Ovid-like metamorphoses in which men are changed into snakes or unidentifiable amalgams of matter. Since theft violates particular justice, which is a dynamic process that coordinates relations, I will argue that Dante properly makes metamorphosis and the lack of relation it creates between the forms that are changed the fitting punishment for thieves. Ovidian metamorphosis, however, can only image the mutations they experience because Dante's sinners have undergone a transformation even before they are changed into snakes. For particular justice, as Aristotle says, is only part of a more general kind of justice which is complete excellence. In the Inferno, this global justice is the final cause of Hell (‘Giustizia mosse il mio alto fattore,’ Inf. 3, 4), and the principle of retribution that establishes the balance between the punishment and crime of those in it. This general justice, I shall argue, also effects a metamorphosis in the damned prior to their particular punishments, a metamorphosis of unbecoming which makes each of them a perverse parody of what God had originally made them. Every sinner in Hell is undergoing a deformation, a disordering movement away from form which unbalances the vital relationship between body and soul that had made him or her human. More precisely, even though we learn from Statius in the Purgatorio that the damned retain the rational soul, it no longer functions as the form of the body, for it has ceased to be that determining element which allows us to understand the one it is in is a member of the species man. Indeed, as the particular transformations of Agnello and Buoso will make clear, the substantial form of all the damned has become less the intellectual soul than the shape of their matter, from which the intellect can no longer abstract any intelligible form. And as their increasing corporeality suggests, the sinners throughout Hell are being transformed into creatures of ever greater density, who lack inner depth, creatures devoid of an animating essence whose powers persist despite outer change.
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Lee, Patrick. "Brain Death, the Soul, and Material Dispositions". Christian bioethics: Non-Ecumenical Studies in Medical Morality 28, nr 1 (18.03.2022): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cb/cbab018.
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Abstract I defend the position argued previously by Germain Grisez and me that total brain death is a valid criterion of death on the grounds that a human being is essentially a rational animal, and a brain-dead body lacks the radical capacity for rational actions. I reply to Josef Seifert’s objection that our positions rest on a reductionist view of the human person, and to other objections concerning the inter-relation between the human soul, its powers, and functions of the brain. I argue that a brain-dead body lacks the material dispositions needed for having the form or soul of a human being.
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FINKEL, OLIVIER. "THREE APPLICATIONS TO RATIONAL RELATIONS OF THE HIGH UNDECIDABILITY OF THE INFINITE POST CORRESPONDENCE PROBLEM IN A REGULAR ω-LANGUAGE". International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 23, nr 07 (listopad 2012): 1481–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054112400606.
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It was noticed by Harel in [Har86] that "one can define [Formula: see text]-complete versions of the well-known Post Correspondence Problem". We first give a complete proof of this result, showing that the infinite Post Correspondence Problem in a regular ω-language is [Formula: see text]-complete, hence located beyond the arithmetical hierarchy and highly undecidable. We infer from this result that it is [Formula: see text]-complete to determine whether two given infinitary rational relations are disjoint. Then we prove that there is an amazing gap between two decision problems about ω-rational functions realized by finite state Büchi transducers. Indeed Prieur proved in [Pri01, Pri02] that it is decidable whether a given ω-rational function is continuous, while we show here that it is [Formula: see text]-complete to determine whether a given ω-rational function has at least one point of continuity. Next we prove that it is [Formula: see text]-complete to determine whether the continuity set of a given ω-rational function is ω-regular. This gives the exact complexity of two problems which were shown to be undecidable in [CFS08].
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Ignjatović, Gordana. "Integrated communicative learning approach in ELP practice: Practical application in the context of intra/multi/inter/transdisciplinary integration". Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta Nis 59, nr 89 (2020): 369–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfn0-29937.
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English for Legal Purposes (ELP) or Legal English (LE) is a prominent area of English for Specific Purposes (ESP), catering for the specific discourse community needs and purposes. This article presents the Integrated Communicative Learning (ICL) approach to instructional design within the curricular framework of ELP/LE courses for academic and professional purposes (LEAP/LEPP) in tertiary education. This holistic approach includes ample intradisciplinary, multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary dimensions. The first part of this article presents the conceptual, structural and theoretical framework of this approach, and its many pedagogical and methodological functions. The second part outlines the structural framework of the three ELP/LE courses, the teaching/learning context,, and the rationale for selecting this approach. The third part focus the practical application of the ICL in these courses, with reference to examples of intra/multi/inter/transdisciplinary integration. Finally, the author discusses the benefits, challenges and considerations in implementing this approach, particularly in view of promoting authentic learning and inter/transdisciplinary legal education.
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Stepanyan, Andranik. "Critical Remarks on the Essence and Scope of Philosophy of Religion". WISDOM 12, nr 1 (29.06.2019): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v12i1.243.
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The goal of this article to critically examine the essence and scope of philosophy of religion, its place and relation to philosophy and religious studies. Philosophy of religion is not only interrelated to both philosophy and religious studies but it is an inter-disciplinary field of knowledge. Philosophy of religion, being an inter-disciplinary field on the boundary of philosophy and religious studies and as a phenomenon of western rationalistic tradition, is engaged in conceptual and theoretical examination and analysis of the content of religion. Philosophical reflections on religious matters, concepts, claims and practices, the origin of religion, relation between religion and other fields of knowledge and culture, and so on, are the scope of philosophy of religion. Philosophy of religion is based on rational approach. One of the functions of philosophy of religion is to verify whether the religious or theological claims and statements are trustworthy and rational, true or false, from the standpoint of logic. Viewed from this position philosophy of religion ought to be, to some extent, a normative discipline, a feature that has been overlooked by many scholars and philosophers of religion. Philosophy of religion is philosophical examination and comprehension of the phenomenon and essence of religion.
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Xing, Chengyuan, Xiaoming Zheng, Tian Deng, Ling Zeng, Xin Liu i Xinjin Chi. "The Role of Cyclodextrin in the Construction of Nanoplatforms: From Structure, Function and Application Perspectives". Pharmaceutics 15, nr 5 (19.05.2023): 1536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15051536.
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Cyclodextrins (CyDs) in nano drug delivery systems have received much attention in pursuit of good compatibility, negligible toxicity, and improved pharmacokinetics of drugs. Their unique internal cavity has widened the application of CyDs in drug delivery based on its advantages. Besides this, the polyhydroxy structure has further extended the functions of CyDs by inter- and intramolecular interactions and chemical modification. Furthermore, the versatile functions of the complex contribute to alteration of the physicochemical characteristics of the drugs, significant therapeutic promise, a stimulus-responsive switch, a self-assembly capability, and fiber formation. This review attempts to list recent interesting strategies regarding CyDs and discusses their roles in nanoplatforms, and may act as a guideline for developing novel nanoplatforms. Future perspectives on the construction of CyD-based nanoplatforms are also discussed at the end of this review, which may provide possible direction for the construction of more rational and cost-effective delivery vehicles.
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Firlit-Fesnak, Grażyna. "Zdolność dostosowania rodziny wobec zmian wywołanych pandemią COVID-19". Studia Politologiczne, nr 2/2022(65) (18.09.2022): 108–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/spolit.2022.65.5.
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The subject of the publication is the analysis of selected areas of family agency during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. It is aimed at showing the complexity of the adaptation process in response to the sudden change in the organization of key areas of life of the family members, as well as the features of the family that shape its unique ability to adapt to a crisis situation. The conclusions indicate, inter alia, the predominance of rational strategies for the adaptation of the family to the new situation, the choice of such a method and scope of implementation of its functions in order to minimize the level of health, economic and social security risk.
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Massonis, Gemma, i Alejandro F. Villaverde. "Finding and Breaking Lie Symmetries: Implications for Structural Identifiability and Observability in Biological Modelling". Symmetry 12, nr 3 (16.03.2020): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12030469.
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A dynamic model is structurally identifiable (respectively, observable) if it is theoretically possible to infer its unknown parameters (respectively, states) by observing its output over time. The two properties, structural identifiability and observability, are completely determined by the model equations. Their analysis is of interest for modellers because it informs about the possibility of gaining insight into a model’s unmeasured variables. Here we cast the problem of analysing structural identifiability and observability as that of finding Lie symmetries. We build on previous results that showed that structural unidentifiability amounts to the existence of Lie symmetries. We consider nonlinear models described by ordinary differential equations and restrict ourselves to rational functions. We revisit a method for finding symmetries by transforming rational expressions into linear systems. We extend the method by enabling it to provide symmetry-breaking transformations, which allows for a semi-automatic model reformulation that renders a non-observable model observable. We provide a MATLAB implementation of the methodology as part of the STRIKE-GOLDD toolbox for observability and identifiability analysis. We illustrate the use of the methodology in the context of biological modelling by applying it to a set of problems taken from the literature.
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Kato, Takeshi, Yasuyuki Kudo, Junichi Miyakoshi, Jun Otsuka, Hayato Saigo, Kaori Karasawa, Hiroyuki Yamaguchi i Yasuo Deguchi. "Rational Choice Hypothesis as X-point of Utility Function and Norm Function". Applied Economics and Finance 7, nr 4 (11.06.2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v7i4.4890.
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Towards the realization of a sustainable, fair and inclusive society, we proposed a novel decision-making model that incorporates social norms in a rational choice model from the standpoints of deontology and utilitarianism. We proposed a hypothesis that interprets choice of action as the X-point for individual utility function that increases with actions and social norm function that decreases with actions. This hypothesis is based on humans psychologically balancing the value of utility and norms in selecting actions. Using the hypothesis and approximation, we were able to isolate and infer utility function and norm function from real-world measurement data of actions on environmental conditions and elucidate the interaction between the both functions that led from current status to target actions. As examples of collective data that aggregate decision-making of individuals, we looked at the changes in power usage before and after the Great East Japan Earthquake and the correlation between national GDP and CO2 emission in different countries. The first example showed that the perceived benefits of power (i.e., utility of power usage) was stronger than the power usage restrictions imposed by norms after the earthquake, contrary to our expectation. The second example showed that a reduction of CO2 emission in each country was not related to utility derived from GDP but to norms related to CO2 emission. Going forward, we will apply this new X-point model to actual social practices involving normative problems, and design the approaches for the diagnosis, prognosis and intervention of social systems by IT systems.
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ISOLANA, JACK B. "Prospects and Challenges in Creating Metro-Governments: The Case of Metro-Vigan Initiative in the Philippines". Journal of Public Administration and Governance 10, nr 4 (3.12.2020): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v10i4.18031.
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Local problems that go beyond jurisdictional boundaries such as; traffic congestions, pollution, garbage collection and disposal, environmental degradation, flooding, criminalities, pandemic, and other public health issues are readily seen and felt in urban areas today. To effectively address these inter-local problems, the establishment of metropolitan organizations has become a necessity. One of the primary functions of metro government is to manage the affairs of urban growth particularly in addressing the problems that go beyond the geographical boundaries of local governments. As a developmental strategy among adjacent local government units, metropolization requires a rules-based approach in order to effectively govern and address inter-local government problems and concerns.The common issues that metro governments deal with include urban growth areas development, controlling urban sprawl and its effects like pollution, solid waste disposal, traffic congestion and others. The rationale behind setting-up a single authority among local government units is to deal with inter-local concerns which cannot be efficiently and effectively addressed by disjointed actions of individual local government.The study looked into the state of inter-local relations among the eight component-local government units of the Metro Vigan Coordinating Council (MVCC). It identifies the common problems that transcend the geographical boundaries of the local government units as well as the common development potentials that can be optimized through inter-local cooperation. It highlighted the legal, institutional, and financial challenges of the Metro-Vigan initiative, and offers recommendation to deepen and broaden the inter-local cooperation.
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Gupta, Pranav, i Anita Williams Woolley. "Articulating the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Collective Intelligence: A Transactive Systems Framework". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 65, nr 1 (wrzesień 2021): 670–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181321651354c.
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Human society faces increasingly complex problems that require coordinated collective action. Artificial intelligence (AI) holds the potential to bring together the knowledge and associated action needed to find solutions at scale. In order to unleash the potential of human and AI systems, we need to understand the core functions of collective intelligence. To this end, we describe a socio-cognitive architecture that conceptualizes how boundedly rational individuals coordinate their cognitive resources and diverse goals to accomplish joint action. Our transactive systems framework articulates the inter-member processes underlying the emergence of collective memory, attention, and reasoning, which are fundamental to intelligence in any system. Much like the cognitive architectures that have guided the development of artificial intelligence, our transactive systems framework holds the potential to be formalized in computational terms to deepen our understanding of collective intelligence and pinpoint roles that AI can play in enhancing it.
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Tishkina, N. P., i G. A. Rybina. "Instruments of Cognizing the Social and Economic Field of Society: Objectives, Challenges and Prospects". Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics 17, nr 4 (23.07.2020): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2020-4-13-23.
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Today’s concepts, theories and methodology of classical political economy, economics in general, state and economic governance clearly demonstrate their unsoundness in resolving issues of rational organization of public reproduction by levels of economic management. They are characterized by the subjective-contract and dogmatic tool and the relevant theory of cognition, which are aimed at retaining the discriminative-degrading, religiouspolitical initial model of man and society vital functions in nature, i. e. ‘Tyrant – Victim’. Their alternative is the system-integrated inter-disciplinary methodology providing the development of scientific, objective economic theory, rational practice of state and economic governance of public production, which excludes political mongering, subjectivism and voluntarism. The current internal and external situation in Russia shows that neither traditional public sciences and their leading academics, nor state bodies and their advisers-scientists, nor politicians can produce a variant of further positive development of society and production for the near future. An additional set of notions, categories and tools of cognition supplementary to the traditional one was designed on the basis of approaches put forward by supporters of classical political-economic, biosphere, noosphere and fundamental sciences. It does not reject the accumulated experience, which can be adapted, concretize and correct to improve the quality of research in accordance with the extended totality of objective general, social and economic laws of man and society development in nature.
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Qu, Jia-Hua, Kirill V. Tarasov, Khalid Chakir, Yelena S. Tarasova, Daniel R. Riordon i Edward G. Lakatta. "Proteomic Landscape and Deduced Functions of the Cardiac 14-3-3 Protein Interactome". Cells 11, nr 21 (4.11.2022): 3496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11213496.
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Rationale: The 14-3-3 protein family is known to interact with many proteins in non-cardiac cell types to regulate multiple signaling pathways, particularly those relating to energy and protein homeostasis; and the 14-3-3 network is a therapeutic target of critical metabolic and proteostatic signaling in cancer and neurological diseases. Although the heart is critically sensitive to nutrient and energy alterations, and multiple signaling pathways coordinate to maintain the cardiac cell homeostasis, neither the structure of cardiac 14-3-3 protein interactome, nor potential functional roles of 14-3-3 protein–protein interactions (PPIs) in heart has been explored. Objective: To establish the comprehensive landscape and characterize the functional role of cardiac 14-3-3 PPIs. Methods and Results: We evaluated both RNA expression and protein abundance of 14-3-3 isoforms in mouse heart, followed by co-immunoprecipitation of 14-3-3 proteins and mass spectrometry in left ventricle. We identified 52 proteins comprising the cardiac 14-3-3 interactome. Multiple bioinformatic analyses indicated that more than half of the proteins bound to 14-3-3 are related to mitochondria; and the deduced functions of the mitochondrial 14-3-3 network are to regulate cardiac ATP production via interactions with mitochondrial inner membrane proteins, especially those in mitochondrial complex I. Binding to ribosomal proteins, 14-3-3 proteins likely coordinate protein synthesis and protein quality control. Localizations of 14-3-3 proteins to mitochondria and ribosome were validated via immunofluorescence assays. The deduced function of cardiac 14-3-3 PPIs is to regulate cardiac metabolic homeostasis and proteostasis. Conclusions: Thus, the cardiac 14-3-3 interactome may be a potential therapeutic target in cardiovascular metabolic and proteostatic disease states, as it already is in cancer therapy.
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Seale, Madeleine, Cathal Cummins, Ignazio Maria Viola, Enrico Mastropaolo i Naomi Nakayama. "Design principles of hair-like structures as biological machines". Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, nr 142 (maj 2018): 20180206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0206.
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Hair-like structures are prevalent throughout biology and frequently act to sense or alter interactions with an organism's environment. The overall shape of a hair is simple: a long, filamentous object that protrudes from the surface of an organism. This basic design, however, can confer a wide range of functions, owing largely to the flexibility and large surface area that it usually possesses. From this simple structural basis, small changes in geometry, such as diameter, curvature and inter-hair spacing, can have considerable effects on mechanical properties, allowing functions such as mechanosensing, attachment, movement and protection. Here, we explore how passive features of hair-like structures, both individually and within arrays, enable diverse functions across biology. Understanding the relationships between form and function can provide biologists with an appreciation for the constraints and possibilities on hair-like structures. Additionally, such structures have already been used in biomimetic engineering with applications in sensing, water capture and adhesion. By examining hairs as a functional mechanical unit, geometry and arrangement can be rationally designed to generate new engineering devices and ideas.
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Ahmad Bakri, Syah Runniza, Liew Chin Ying, Chen Chee Khium, Tuh Moi Hua i Ling Siew Ching. "Bridging the Gap Between the Derivatives And Graph Sketching in Calculus". Asian Journal of University Education 16, nr 4 (24.01.2021): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v16i4.11962.
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Sketching the graph of mathematical functions using derivatives is a challenging task for undergraduate students who enrol for the first level of calculus course. Before graph plotting, students are required to perform a thorough function analysis using the concepts learned in differentiation. They are then expected to solicit the results obtained to sketch the graph. Nevertheless, the students face great difficulties in achieving this goal; and fail to relate the results obtained in the analysis and their representation in a graph. Their performance is thus negatively affected eventually. To overcome this cognitive gap, an innovative board game named Graph Puzzle (GP) is developed. It is intended to function as a manipulator to facilitate students in comprehending the inter-related algebraic, symbolic, and graphic representation of a function under the applications of derivatives, forming the corresponding procedural and conceptual knowledge. To measure the effectiveness of this board game, 84 undergraduate students who took this calculus course were given pre- and post-test before and after the learning session. An ANCOVA test conducted reveals a significant difference (F (1, 81) = 12.182, p = 0.001) between pre and post-test score in solving polynomial functions, whereas students’ performance in solving rational functions indicates no meaningful difference (F (1, 81) = 0.04, p = 0.841) of post-scores between control and treatment groups. From this standpoint, it is shown that GP has the potential to serve as a solution to the difficulties faced on graph sketching in calculus, particularly when dealing with polynomial functions.
Keywords: Visualization, Calculus, Embodied learning, Game-Based Learning, Graph Sketching
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Bratsev, Valery I., i Anastasia M. Simachkova. "DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AS A WAY TO IMPLEMENT TAX ADMINISTRATION OUTSIDE DEPARTMENTAL BOUNDARIES". EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 3, nr 11 (2021): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.11.03.033.
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The introduction of digital technologies in public administration can significantly increase the efficiency of interdepartmental interaction, which in turn contributes not only to improving the quality of the provision of state and municipal services, but also to the performance of state and municipal functions, including control function. The article reflects the main directions of digital transformation of interdepartmental inter-action of tax and other interested state bodies in order to increase the efficiency of tax administration. The authors conducted a study of the directions for improving interdepartmental interaction within the framework of digitalization of public administration, on the basis of which a methodological approach to the digital trans-formation of interdepartmental interaction was formulated. Among the main results of the study, it should be mentioned the rationale for creating an adaptive digital information platform based on tax authorities in order to improve the efficiency of tax administration, including tax control.
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Polonsky, Omri, Shiri Meshner, Shiri Eshar, Sheerli Kruger Ben-Shabat, Osnat Tirosh, Elran Haber i Yehuda Ringel. "BMC322- A RATIONALLY-DESIGNED LIVE BACTERIAL CONSORTIUM BASED ON MICROBIOME FUNCTIONAL GENOMIC ANALYSIS FOR TREATMENT OF IBD". Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 27, Supplement_1 (1.01.2021): S38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izaa347.093.
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Abstract The mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiome affects intestinal inflammation and disease activity in IBD is not clear. Most of the current data on the association between the intestinal microbiome and IBD is focusing on the intestinal microbial taxa and very little is known about the functionality of the microbiome in this condition. Aim: To construct a live bacterial consortium for reduction of intestinal inflammation in IBD based on a high-resolution functional microbial analysis, and its association with anti-inflammatory processes. Methods: Fecal metagenomics samples (n=581) and corresponding fecal calprotectin (FCP) levels from patients with Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative Colitis were downloaded from the NCBI (SRA SRP057027, http://hmpdacc.org, SRA SRP002163 and SRP056641 (BioProject PRJNA275349)). Computational analysis was performed using PRISM (Biomica Ltd, Rehovot Israel), a proprietary metagenomics analysis platform integrating assembly-based and reference-based analyses for functional genomics profiling and utilizing BioCOGS, Biomica’s internal comprehensive catalogue of microbial gene-orthology groups. We compared microbial functions between subjects based on severity of inflammation (FCP<70 vs FCP >250 and FCP >250 vs FCP <250) and identified microbial functions associated with low inflammation (FDR 0.1). Validation of the anti-inflammatory activity of BMC322 was performed using a DSS-induced colitis mouse model. Results: Out of the dozens of identified functions, 32 were related to host anti-inflammatory processes, intestinal barrier integrity and colonocyte function. Our functional microbiome investigation has pointed to novel metabolic mechanisms by which specific strains may attenuate mucosal inflammation. Using functional annotations, we infer the biological processes governing microbe-host interactions contributing to reduced inflammation, and identify 16 bacteria of which 4 strains comprise the full array of the identified microbial functions associated with lower disease severity. These strains comprise BMC322- a novel live-bacterial consortium for inflammation reduction in IBD. The anti-inflammatory activity of these strains was validated in in-vitro studies and demonstrated efficacy in preliminary a mouse model of DSS-induced colitis; including shortening period of recovery, disease activity index and fecal lipocalin 2. Conclusion: High-resolution functional genomics profiling of the gut microbiome enables identification of microbial-derived functions relevant to inflammatory disease activity, and microbial strains bearing specific inflammation-reduction activity. These strains have provided the basis for the construction of a 4-strain consortium for intervention in IBD. Preliminary work has validated the anti-inflammatory activity of these strains and their potential as novel therapeutic modality for IBD.
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Stoeckl, Hartmut, i Monika Messner. "Tam pam pam pam and mi – fa – sol: constituting musical instructions through multimodal interaction in orchestra rehearsals". Multimodal Communication 10, nr 3 (11.10.2021): 193–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mc-2021-0003.
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Abstract Using multimodal (inter)action/conversation analysis, the present contribution inventories the repertoire of higher-level actions that constitute musical instruction in orchestra rehearsals. The study describes the modal complexity of the instructional actions as built from a varied combination of speech, gesture, gaze, vocalizing and body posture/movement. A high modal intensity of speech and vocalizing is explained with recourse to their contextually useful modal reaches. While some modes, like vocalizing and body posture appear to be action-specific, others turn out to be pervasive default modes. Besides modal intensity, the study also attends to the transitioning between higher-level actions through gaze and the role of the score as frozen action. The analyses help demystify orchestra rehearsals as a special type of professional communicative interaction, which builds on a rich multimodal texture motivated by recurring instructional functions. The methodological rationale demonstrated will be suited to exploring the social variation of instructional interaction in orchestra rehearsals.
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Chen, Rong, John D. Neill, Jacqueline S. Noel, Anne M. Hutson, Roger I. Glass, Mary K. Estes i B. V. Venkataram Prasad. "Inter- and Intragenus Structural Variations in Caliciviruses and Their Functional Implications". Journal of Virology 78, nr 12 (15.06.2004): 6469–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.12.6469-6479.2004.
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ABSTRACT The family Caliciviridae is divided into four genera and consists of single-stranded RNA viruses with hosts ranging from humans to a wide variety of animals. Human caliciviruses are the major cause of outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis, whereas animal caliciviruses cause various host-dependent illnesses with a documented potential for zoonoses. To investigate inter- and intragenus structural variations and to provide a better understanding of the structural basis of host specificity and strain diversity, we performed structural studies of the recombinant capsid of Grimsby virus, the recombinant capsid of Parkville virus, and San Miguel sea lion virus serotype 4 (SMSV4), which are representative of the genera Norovirus (genogroup 2), Sapovirus, and Vesivirus, respectively. A comparative analysis of these structures was performed with that of the recombinant capsid of Norwalk virus, a prototype member of Norovirus genogroup 1. Although these capsids share a common architectural framework of 90 dimers of the capsid protein arranged on a T=3 icosahedral lattice with a modular domain organization of the subunit consisting of a shell (S) domain and a protrusion (P) domain, they exhibit distinct differences. The distally located P2 subdomain of P shows the most prominent differences both in shape and in size, in accordance with the observed sequence variability. Another major difference is in the relative orientation between the S and P domains, particularly between those of noroviruses and other caliciviruses. Despite being a human pathogen, the Parkville virus capsid shows more structural similarity to SMSV4, an animal calicivirus, suggesting a closer relationship between sapoviruses and animal caliciviruses. These comparative structural studies of caliciviruses provide a functional rationale for the unique modular domain organization of the capsid protein with an embedded flexibility reminiscent of an antibody structure. The highly conserved S domain functions to provide an icosahedral scaffold; the hypervariable P2 subdomain may function as a replaceable module to confer host specificity and strain diversity; and the P1 subdomain, located between S and P2, provides additional fine-tuning to position the P2 subdomain.
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Wang, Dan, Yu-xuan Feng, Ming Li, Shengdi Guo i Yuan Jiang. "Seeded Mineralization in Silk Fibroin Hydrogel Matrices Leads to Continuous Rhombohedral CaCO3 Films". Crystals 10, nr 3 (3.03.2020): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10030166.
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As many biominerals are formed in gel-like media, hydrogel-mediated mineralization is deemed as paradigms of biomineralization and ideal approaches to synthetic minerals with hierarchical architectures and related functions. Nevertheless, the long diffusion distance in hydrogels makes mineralization a diffusion-limited process, leading to isolated crystals instead of uniform hierarchical architectures. In the current study, seeded mineralization in silk fibroin hydrogel matrices is successful in delivering continuous rhombohedral CaCO3 films. Though the coverage of hydrogel matrices makes mineralization a diffusion-limited process, the presence of seed layers promotes the growth of uniform overlayers in proper conditions. The regulation of the solid content of hydrogels provides a rational route to rhombohedral architectures with tunable morphologies and thickness. In the course of mineralization, the hydrogel matrices are partially occluded in rhombohedral films as inter- and intra-crystalline constituents, as confirmed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Our study confirms the availability of synthesizing continuous mineralized films with hierarchical architectures and the structural gradient in hydrogel matrices via self-organized mineralization. These films with the occlusion of hydrogel constituents may exhibit significant strength and resilience, and their formation can deepen our mechanistic understanding of biomineralization proceeding in gel-like media.
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Bezruk, Volodymyr Volodymyrovych, Igor Dmytrovych Shkrobanets, Oleksii Serhiiovych Godovanets, Oleksandr Hryhorovych Buriak, Nataliya Oleksandrivna Popelyuk, Nina Ivanivna Voytkevich, Olena Victorivna Makarova i in. "Medical management: a model for giving medical aid to children with infectious-inflammatory diseases of the urinary system". Journal of Medicine and Life 14, nr 4 (sierpień 2021): 504–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.25122/jml-2021-0104.
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Increasing requirements of medical aid given to children with infectious-inflammatory diseases of the urinary system stipulate the necessity to improve its quality using evidence-based therapeutic-diagnostic and organization technologies. The aim of the work – to substantiate, develop the improved model of the specialized nephrology care for children with infectious inflammatory diseases of the urinary system at the regional level. The official statistical data have been studied (2006 to 2017); information-analytical and statistical methods have been used. A bacteriological study (2009–2016) of urine samples was carried out for 3089 children (0–17 years old) in the Chernivtsi region. They formed the foundation for substantiation and development of an improved functional-organizational model of the system. In addition to the existing and functionally changed elements contains new elements: regional/inter-regional center of specialized medical aid to children with infectious-inflammatory diseases of the urinary system. Implementation of the elements of the suggested improved model in a part of a rational approach in distribution of functions concerning medical observation of patients at the stages of giving medical aid enabled to make the period of hospitalization of nephrological patients 11,40% shorter and an average period of treatment of patients with infectious-inflammatory diseases of the urinary system 2,93% shorter.
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Rehman, Umair, Shi Cao i Carolyn MacGregor. "Using an Integrated Cognitive Architecture to Model the Effect of Environmental Complexity on Drivers’ Situation Awareness". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, nr 1 (listopad 2019): 812–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631313.
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The goal of this research is to computationally model and simulate drivers’ situation awareness (SA). In order to achieve this, we have developed a computational cognitive model in a cognitive architecture that can be connected to interact with a driving simulator, as means to infer quantitative predictions of drivers’ SA. We demonstrate the theory of modelling and predicting SA through the lens of human cognition utilizing the QN-ACTR (Queueing Network-Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational) framework as a foundation. We integrate a dynamic visual sampling model (SEEV) to create QN-ACTR-SA in order to allow the model to simulate realistic attention allocation patterns of human drivers. A driver model is also incorporated within QN-ACTR-SA architecture that can simulate human driving behavior by interacting with a driving simulator with the help of virtual modalities such as motor, visual and memory functions. A preliminary validation study is conducted to determine whether SA results of the model correspond to empirical data. The model is probed with SA queries similar to how a Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT) is conducted on human participants. A comparative assessment demonstrates the model’s ability to simulate drivers’ SA in both easy (with fewer traffic vehicles and signboards) and complex (with more traffic vehicles and signboards) driving conditions.
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Noy, Noa. "Vitamin A in regulation of insulin responsiveness: mini review". Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 75, nr 2 (5.01.2016): 212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665115004322.
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Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP4) which, in turn, associates with another serum protein, transthyretin (TTR), to form a ternary retinol-RBP4-TTR complex. At some tissues, retinol-bound (holo-) RBP4 is recognised by a receptor termed stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6) which transports retinol into cells. This mini-review summarises evidence demonstrating that, in addition to functioning as a retinol transporter, STRA6 is also a signalling receptor which is activated by holo-RBP4. The data show that STRA6-mediated retinol transport induces receptor phosphorylation, in turn activating a Janus kinases2/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)3/5 cascade that culminates in induction of STAT target genes. STRA6-mediated retinol transport and cell signalling are inter-dependent, and both functions critically rely on intracellular retinol trafficking and metabolism. Hence, STRA6 couples ‘sensing’ of vitamin A homeostasis and metabolism to cell signalling, allowing it to control important biological functions. For example, by inducing the expression of the STAT target gene suppressor of cytokine signalling 3, STRA6 potently suppresses insulin responses. These observations provide a rationale for understanding the reports that elevation in serum levels of RBP4, often observed in obese mice and human subjects, causes insulin resistance. The observations indicate that the holo-RBP4 /STRA6 signalling cascade may comprise an important link through which obesity leads to insulin resistance and suggest that the pathway may be a novel target for treatment of metabolic diseases.