Artykuły w czasopismach: „Rare mamals”

1

Harding, Lee E. "Rare mammals recorded in Borneo – Malaysia". Taprobanica 3, nr 2 (20.12.2011): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47605/tapro.v3i2.56.

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Harding, Lee E. "Rare mammals recorded in Borneo – Malaysia". TAPROBANICA: The Journal of Asian Biodiversity 3, nr 2 (21.01.2012): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/tapro.v3i2.3969.

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Ellis, Samuel, Daniel W. Franks, Stuart Nattrass, Michael A. Cant, Destiny L. Bradley, Deborah Giles, Kenneth C. Balcomb i Darren P. Croft. "Postreproductive lifespans are rare in mammals". Ecology and Evolution 8, nr 5 (31.01.2018): 2482–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3856.

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Bykova, E. A., E. V. Vashetko, A. V. Esipov i M. A. Gritsyna. "RARE MAMMALS OF KASKADARYA PROVINCE OF UZBEKISTAN". Tambov University Reports. Series: Natural and Technical Sciences 22, nr 5-1 (2017): 846–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0198-2017-22-5-846-849.

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Fancourt, Bronwyn A. "Making a killing: photographic evidence of predation of a Tasmanian pademelon (Thylogale billardierii) by a feral cat (Felis catus)". Australian Mammalogy 37, nr 1 (2015): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am14044.

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Feral cats (Felis catus) have contributed to the extinction of numerous Australian mammals and are a major threat to many species of conservation significance. Small mammals are considered to be those at greatest risk of cat predation, with risk typically inferred from dietary studies. However, dietary studies may provide only weak inference as to the risk of cat predation for some species. The most compelling evidence of predation risk comes from direct observation of killing events; however, such observations are rare and photographic evidence is even rarer. I present photographic evidence of a feral cat killing and consuming an adult female Tasmanian pademelon (Thylogale billardierii). This observation provides direct evidence that feral cats can kill prey up to 4 kg in body mass, with potential implications for the conservation of medium-sized mammals.

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Starkov, A. I., i I. V. Moroldoev. "RARE MAMMALS IN THE NORTHERN SELENGA MID-MOUNTAINS". Proceedings of the Tigirek State Natural Reserve, nr 3 (2010): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.53005/20767390_2010_3_276.

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Brain, Paul F. "Aggression in female mammals: Is it really rare?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, nr 2 (kwiecień 1999): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x9926181x.

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The view that female mammals are more docile appears to arise in part from imposing human values on animal studies. Many reports of sexual dimorphism in physical aggression favouring the male in laboratory rodents appear to select circumstances where that expectation is supported. Other situations that favour the expression of conflict in females have been (until recently) relatively little studied. Although female rodents generally do not show the “ritualised” forms of conflict that characterise male sexual competition, they can use notably damaging strategies (especially if they are of short duration). Such considerations might weigh in the selection of strategies by our own species.

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Heidt, Gary A., i Stephen R. Humphrey. "Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume I. Mammals". Journal of Wildlife Management 57, nr 4 (październik 1993): 937. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3809103.

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Harkins, Kristina M., Doug Keinath i Merav Ben-David. "It’s a trap: Optimizing detection of rare small mammals". PLOS ONE 14, nr 3 (5.03.2019): e0213201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213201.

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Scotts, DJ, i SA Craig. "Improved Hair-Sampling Tube for the Detection of Rare Mammals". Wildlife Research 15, nr 4 (1988): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9880469.

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A modified hair-sampling tube constructed from readily available PVC fittings is described. The use of aluminium screens to protect the bait source means that the hair-sampling tube remains attractive for extended periods. The hair-sampling tube has proven useful as a survey tool in the detection of iess common mammal species.

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Withers, PC, CE Cooper i WA Buttemer. "Are day-active small mammals rare and small birds abundant in Australian desert environments because small mammals are inferior thermoregulators?" Australian Mammalogy 26, nr 2 (2004): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am04117.

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Small desert birds are typically diurnal and highly mobile (hence conspicuous) whereas small non-volant mammals are generally nocturnal and less mobile (hence inconspicuous). Birds are more mobile than terrestrial mammals on a local and geographic scale, and most desert birds are not endemic but simply move to avoid the extremes of desert conditions. Many small desert mammals are relatively sedentary and regularly use physiological adjustments to cope with their desert environment (e.g., aestivation or hibernation). It seems likely that prey activity patterns and reduced conspicuousness to predators have reinforced nocturnality in small desert mammals. Differences such as nocturnality and mobility simply reflect differing life-history traits of birds and mammals rather than being a direct result of their differences in physiological capacity for tolerating daytime desert conditions.

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Brandão de Oliveira, Marcus Vinicius. "Mammal remains in Tyto furcata (Tytonidae: Strigiformes) pellets from Serra do Amolar, Mato Grosso do Sul". Caldasia 43, nr 1 (29.12.2020): 211–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v43n1.85928.

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Tyto furcata pellets provide important ecological data on its diet, as well as on the preyed mammals. The present study furnishes data on the diet of T. furcata in a Pantanal area, including records of rare mammals species and a variety of preys with different habits, furnishing evidence of the owl foraging areas.

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Kindberg, Jonas, Göran Ericsson i Jon E. Swenson. "Monitoring rare or elusive large mammals using effort-corrected voluntary observers". Biological Conservation 142, nr 1 (styczeń 2009): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.10.009.

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Janis, Christine M., i Alberto Martín-Serra. "Postcranial elements of small mammals as indicators of locomotion and habitat". PeerJ 8 (2.09.2020): e9634. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9634.

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Many studies have shown a correlation between postcranial anatomy and locomotor behavior in mammals, but the postcrania of small mammals (<5 kg) is often considered to be uninformative of their mode of locomotion due to their more generalized overall anatomy. Such small body size was true of all mammals during the Mesozoic. Anatomical correlates of locomotor behavior are easier to determine in larger mammals, but useful information can be obtained from the smaller ones. Limb bone proportions (e.g., brachial index) can be useful locomotor indicators; but complete skeletons, or even complete long bones, are rare for Mesozoic mammals, although isolated articular surfaces are often preserved. Here we examine the correlation of the morphology of long bone joint anatomy (specifically articular surfaces) and locomotor behavior in extant small mammals and demonstrate that such anatomy may be useful for determining the locomotor mode of Mesozoic mammals, at least for the therian mammals.

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Campbell, Robert R. "Rare and endangered fishes and marine mammals of Canada: COSEWIC Fish and Marine Mammals Subcommittee Status Reports: II". Canadian field-naturalist 99, nr 3 (1985): 404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.355461.

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Murray, A. J., N. K. Waran i R. J. Young. "Environmental Enrichment for Australian Mammals". Animal Welfare 7, nr 4 (listopad 1998): 415–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600020959.

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AbstractMany of Australia's nocturnal mammals are rare or endangered in the wild. The behavioural integrity of captive populations of endangered species can be maintained through the application of environmental enrichment techniques. This study investigated the effectiveness of feeding enrichment in promoting behavioural diversity, enclosure usage and species-typical behaviours in the ghost bat (Macroderma gigas) and the yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis). Animals were observed for 300 min day-1 over three consecutive time periods: baseline (12 non-consecutive days); enrichment: (12 consecutive days); and post-enrichment: (12 non-consecutive days). The use of a live insect dispenser decreased grooming and increased out-of-sight and social behaviour in the ghost bat. Artificial gum trees promoted species-typical behaviours in the yellow-bellied glider. Enrichment for nocturnal mammals had variable results and different welfare implications for these animals.

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Cowan, Peter J. "An Annotated Checklist of the Mammals of Kuwait". Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 18 (1.12.2013): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol18iss0pp19-24.

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An annotated checklist of the mammals of Kuwait is presented, based on the literature, personal communications, a Kuwait website and a blog and the author’s observations. Twenty five species occur, a further four are uncommon or rare visitors, six used to occur whilst another two are of doubtful provenance. This list should assist those planning desert rehabilitation, animal reintroduction and protected area projects in Kuwait.

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Miller, James L., Alexandra Reddy, Rebecca M. Harman i Gerlinde R. Van de Walle. "A xenotransplantation mouse model to study physiology of the mammary gland from large mammals". PLOS ONE 19, nr 2 (28.02.2024): e0298390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0298390.

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Although highly conserved in structure and function, many (patho)physiological processes of the mammary gland vary drastically between mammals, with mechanisms regulating these differences not well understood. Large mammals display variable lactation strategies and mammary cancer incidence, however, research into these variations is often limited to in vitro analysis due to logistical limitations. Validating a model with functional mammary xenografts from cryopreserved tissue fragments would allow for in vivo comparative analysis of mammary glands from large and/or rare mammals and would improve our understanding of postnatal development, lactation, and premalignancy across mammals. To this end, we generated functional mammary xenografts using mammary tissue fragments containing mammary stroma and parenchyma isolated via an antibody-independent approach from healthy, nulliparous equine and canine donor tissues to study these species in vivo. Cryopreserved mammary tissue fragments were xenotransplanted into de-epithelialized fat pads of immunodeficient mice and resulting xenografts were structurally and functionally assessed. Preimplantation of mammary stromal fibroblasts was performed to promote ductal morphogenesis. Xenografts recapitulated mammary lobule architecture and contained donor-derived stromal components. Mammatropic hormone stimulation resulted in (i) upregulation of lactation-associated genes, (ii) altered proliferation index, and (iii) morphological changes, indicating functionality. Preimplantation of mammary stromal fibroblasts did not promote ductal morphogenesis. This model presents the opportunity to study novel mechanisms regulating unique lactation strategies and mammary cancer induction in vivo. Due to the universal applicability of this approach, this model serves as proof-of-concept for developing mammary xenografts for in vivo analysis of virtually any mammals, including large and rare mammals.

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Guedes, Isabel, i João Pedro Souza-Alves. "Mammal surveys and vertical strata use in an Atlantic Forest patch in the Pernambuco Endemism Center, Northeastern Brazil". Brazilian Journal of Mammalogy, nr 93 (3.06.2024): e932024104. http://dx.doi.org/10.32673/bjm.vi93.104.

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Surveys are a key tool for the assessment of conservation strategies. We evaluated the relative abundance and vertical strata used by mammals in an Atlantic Forest patch in Igarassu (PE), Northeastern Brazil. We walked a total of 145.25 km on transects from December 2018 to June 2019, recording 105 sightings of eight species. Callithrix jacchus presented the highest relative abundance and Cuniculus paca the lowest. There was variation in the forest strata used by mammals. The records of rare and large-bodied mammals indicate the importance of this area for the maintenance of the mammalian fauna of the Pernambuco Endemism Center.

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Wu, Dong-Dong, Cui-Ping Yang, Ming-Shan Wang, Kun-Zhe Dong, Da-Wei Yan, Zi-Qian Hao, Song-Qing Fan i in. "Convergent genomic signatures of high-altitude adaptation among domestic mammals". National Science Review 7, nr 6 (19.12.2019): 952–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwz213.

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Abstract Abundant and diverse domestic mammals living on the Tibetan Plateau provide useful materials for investigating adaptive evolution and genetic convergence. Here, we used 327 genomes from horses, sheep, goats, cattle, pigs and dogs living at both high and low altitudes, including 73 genomes generated for this study, to disentangle the genetic mechanisms underlying local adaptation of domestic mammals. Although molecular convergence is comparatively rare at the DNA sequence level, we found convergent signature of positive selection at the gene level, particularly the EPAS1 gene in these Tibetan domestic mammals. We also reported a potential function in response to hypoxia for the gene C10orf67, which underwent positive selection in three of the domestic mammals. Our data provide an insight into adaptive evolution of high-altitude domestic mammals, and should facilitate the search for additional novel genes involved in the hypoxia response pathway.

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Santos-Moreno, Antonio, Miguel Briones-Salas, Graciela González-Pérez i Teresita de J. Ortiz. "NOTEWORTHY RECORDS OF TWO RARE MAMMALS IN SIERRA NORTE DE OAXACA, MEXICO". Southwestern Naturalist 48, nr 2 (czerwiec 2003): 312–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2003)048<0312:nrotrm>2.0.co;2.

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Makarova, O. A. "RARE OBSERVATIONS FROM THE LIFE OF THE BROWN BEAR, WOLF AND WOLVES". Herald of the Kola Science Centre of the RAS 13, nr 2-2021 (20.12.2021): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2307-5228.2021.13.2.003.

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Unusual results of observations (1971-1988) of large mammals are presented in the Lapland Nature Reserve (Murmansk region): brown bear, wolf and wolverinel. The article is dedicated to the memory of Doctor of Biological Sciences Valentin Sergeevich Pazhetnov, a famous researcher of the brown bear.

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Alho, CJR, G. Camargo i E. Fischer. "Terrestrial and aquatic mammals of the Pantanal". Brazilian Journal of Biology 71, nr 1 suppl 1 (kwiecień 2011): 297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842011000200009.

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Different works have registered the number of mammal species within the natural habitats of the Pantanal based on currently known records, with species richness ranging from 89 to 152 of annotated occurrences. Our present list sums 174 species. However, at least three factors have to be emphasised to deal with recorded numbers: 1) to establish the ecotone limit between the floodplain (which is the Pantanal) and its neighbouring domain like the Cerrado, besides the existence of maps recently produced; 2) the lack of intensive surveys, especially on small mammals, rodents and marsupials; and 3) the constant taxonomic revision on bats, rodents and marsupials. Some species are very abundant - for example the capybara Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris and the crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous, and some are rare, and others are still intrinsically rare - for example, the bush dog Speothos venaticus. Abundance of species is assumed to reflect ecological resources of the habitat. Local diversity and number of individuals of wild rodents and marsupials also rely on the offering of ecological resources and behavioural specialisation to microhabitat components. A large number of species interact with the type of the vegetation of the habitat, by means of habitat selection through active patterns of ecological behaviour, resulting on dependency on arboreal and forested habitats of the Pantanal. In addition, mammals respond to seasonal shrinking-and-expansion of habitats due to flooding regime of the Pantanal. The highest number of species is observed during the dry season, when there is a considerable expansion of terrestrial habitats, mainly seasonally flooded grassland. Major threats to mammal species are the loss and alteration of habitats due to human intervention, mainly deforestation, unsustainable agricultural and cattle-ranching practices, which convert the natural vegetation into pastures. The Pantanal still harbours about a dozen of species officially listened as in danger.

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Demianchyk, V. V., i M. E. Nikiforov. "CHANGE OF THE SYNANTHROPIC COMPLEX OF LAND VERTEBRATE ANIMALS OF THE SOUTHWEST OF BELARUS FOR THE CENTENARY PERIOD". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series 63, nr 3 (25.08.2018): 286–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1029-8940-2018-63-3-286-297.

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The increasing of the number of the species of mammals there was not less than 28 %, for birds – 129 % within the last century owing to the synanthropization of fauna of vertebrate animals in residential landscape of the southwest of Belarus. The synanthropic population of Vertebrata includes 42 species of mammals, 104 species of birds, 3 species of reptiles and 12 species of amphibiouses in general. Except the obligate sinanthropic species, that integrated in synanthropic ecological complex in residential ecosystems the group of sporadic and synanthropic species (101 species) is widely provided in which modern structure numerous species make 13 %, usual – 45, rare – 35, very rare – 7 %. The synanthropization exponent (offered in article) calculated for taxonomical or ecological groups of Vertebrate allows to note that now in southwest part of Belarus to process of synantropization amphibiouses are most subject (extent of synanthropization 0.62), to the smallest – reptile (0.22), and birds and mammals are intermediate (respectively 0.29 and 0.36). The new species of vertebrate animals which are settled in the territory of the Brest region in the last century from the northern and northeast directions belong generally to eurytopic species, southern and southwest – to synanthropic species.

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Claridge, Andrew W., David J. Paull i Ross B. Cunningham. "Oils ain’t oils: can truffle-infused food additives improve detection of rare and cryptic mycophagous mammals?" Australian Mammalogy 38, nr 1 (2016): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am15015.

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We tested whether an artificial food additive, truffle oil, improved detection of mycophagous mammals when added to a standard bait type of peanut butter and rolled oats used with camera traps. Sixteen mammalian taxa were subsequently recorded, the most common being antechinus, bush rat (Rattus fuscipes), swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolor) and long-nosed bandicoot (Perameles nasuta) as well as the long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus) and southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus). The only species for which detection rate was improved by the addition of truffle oil to standard bait was the ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus), a species that has never been recorded eating fungi. In contrast, the total number of detections of all species at any given site was significantly higher, on average, using standard bait without truffle oil, as was the average number of detections of the partially mycophagous bush rat. Time to first detection of bush rats and swamp wallabies was significantly shorter using the standard bait type, compared with one with truffle oil added. Overall, the use of the truffle oil additive did not improve the chance or rate of detecting mycophagous mammals. To maximise the number of detections of mammals at camera traps the use of a standard bait type of peanut butter and rolled oats is recommended.

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Sorokina, Anna A., i Valentina M. Zubkova. "Analysis of changes in biological diversity within the boundaries of the nature monument “Serebryany Bor” on the example of rare and protected animal species". RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety 29, nr 1 (15.12.2021): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2021-29-1-32-38.

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The data on the analysis of changes in the number of rare species of birds, mammals and reptiles living within the boundaries of the specially protected natural territory - the natural monument Serebryany Bor for 2018-2020 is presented. The research used the method of visual accounting, winter route accounting, the method of route accounting of birds by E.S. Ravkin. As a result, rare species of animals listed in the Red Book were found, which indicates the biological diversity of the studied territory and justifies the need to use environmental measures within its borders to preserve rare species in the future.

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Caro, Tim, i Charlo Melville. "Investigating colouration in large and rare mammals: the case of the giant anteater". Ethology Ecology & Evolution 24, nr 1 (styczeń 2012): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03949370.2011.587835.

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Kordiš, Dušan, i Janez Kokošar. "What Can Domesticated Genes Tell Us about the Intron Gain in Mammals?" International Journal of Evolutionary Biology 2012 (30.05.2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/278981.

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Domesticated genes, originating from retroelements or from DNA-transposons, constitute an ideal system for testing the hypothesis on the absence of intron gain in mammals. Since single-copy domesticated genes originated from the intronless multicopy transposable elements, the ancestral intron state for domesticated genes is zero. A phylogenomic approach has been used to analyse all domesticated genes in mammals and chordates that originated from the coding parts of transposable elements. A significant amount of intron gain was found only in domesticated genes of placental mammals, where more than 70 cases were identified. De novo gained introns show clear positional bias, since they are distributed mainly in 5′ UTR and coding regions, while 3′ UTR introns are very rare. In the coding regions of some domesticated genes up to 8 de novo gained introns have been found. Surprisingly, the majority of intron gains have occurred in the ancestor of placental mammals. Domesticated genes could constitute an excellent system on which to analyse the mechanisms of intron gain. This paper summarizes the current understanding of intron gain in mammals.

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Fuentes, Rogemif, Melquiades Castillo, Ricardo Moreno, Helio Quintero-Arrieta, Edgar Pérez, Jacobo Araúz, Yostin Añino i in. "Report of coloration anomalies in mammals from Panama". Neotropical Biology and Conservation 19, nr 3 (24.07.2024): 333–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.19.e125890.

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Coloration anomalies are widespread across the animal kingdom; however, they pass underreported for some taxa or are extremely rare, like in the case of mammals. Three of those anomalies are albinism, leucism, and erythrism, each of which generates atypical colorations in white with white spots and reddish-brown, respectively. Here, we report five cases of coloration anomalies in mammals from Panama: 1) albinism in the Derby’s woolly opossum (Caluromys derbianus Waterhouse, 1841), the lowland Paca (Cuniculus paca Linnaeus, 1766), and the variegated squirrel (Echinosciuris variegatoides Ogilby, 1839). 2) leucism in the Central American agouti (Dasyprocta punctata J. E. Gray, 1842), and 3) erythrism in the northern Tamandua (Tamandua mexicana Saussure, 1860). We discuss some implications of these observations and the importance of gathering this type of data for developing more complex studies in the future.

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Mischenko, P. V., V. A. Yachmen, E. N. Andrianova i P. G. Zakharenko. "Blood Cell Morphology of the Beluga Whale <i>Delphinapterus leucas</i> (Pallas, 1776)". Биология моря 49, nr 4 (1.07.2023): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0134347523040083.

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Clinical blood analysis, combined with cytomorphological examination is an important diagnostic tool for assessing the physiological state of animals. The cytomorphological features of blood cells have been described for terrestrial mammals, and well-illustrated veterinary atlases have been created, in which normal and pathological forms of animal blood cells are displayed. However, such information is virtually non-existent for marine mammals. In this article, we present the results of a study of the morphology of the blood cells of the beluga (also known as white) whale Delphinapterus leucas, obtained by supravital staining of blood smear preparations with brilliant cresyl blue, methylene blue, and utilizing the standard Romanowsky–Giemsa staining technique. We describe the main types of blood cells of marine mammals: erythrocytes, segmented neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, band neutrophils, as well as rare basophils.

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Yeszhanov, B., K. Kusmanbek, Zh Sh Saduov i Zh B. Amanbayev. "Current status of diversity and peculiarities of the landscaping of mammals in the Arshata forestry (Katon-Karagay National Park)". Kazakhstan zoological bulletin 3, nr 2 (22.11.2022): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54944/kzbek205xi19.

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The article considers the diversity of mammals living in the territory of the Arshatinsky forest area, Katon-Karagay National Park: Altybay (1400-1500 m), Zhalgyz kungey (1400-1500 m), Sarybet (1500-1800 m), Shakabay (1500-1800 m), in the valley of the Bukhtarma River (1200 m above sea level), mountain ranges and watersheds. Materials on the frequency of occurrence of species are presented. Studies have shown that the species composition of the theriofauna, despite the similarity of the habitats, is different. 21 species of mammals were recorded on the territory of the Arshatinsky forest area. This is approximately 31% (n=68) of the mammals found in the Caton-Karagai National Park. Of these, 4 species of teriofauna live on Mount Altybay in the summer months, Zhalgyz kungey-4, Sarybet-5 , Shakabay-2, in the valleys of the Bukhtarma rivers-6 species. Their species ratio is different. Thus, 19% of all recorded mammals are found in the Altybay Mountains, Zhalgyz kungey-19%, Sarybet-24%, Shakabay-9.5%, Bukhtarma-28.5%. A high similarity coefficient is observed in species that live in mountain ranges, including among mammals whose habitats are located in river valleys. Among the mammals in the study area, 3 rare species were identified. They account for 14% of the total sample of mammals (n=21) living in this territory.

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Peña, Jeremy. "At Mama's Knee: Mothers and Race in Black and White". Peace Review 30, nr 1 (2.01.2018): 112–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402659.2017.1418649.

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Saher, Lubna, YV Sadhana i B. Sushma. "A case of enterococcus hirae bacteremia with urinary tract infection in a immunocompromised patient". IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases 8, nr 2 (15.06.2022): 174–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.036.

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Enterococcus infections are common, but infections caused by Enterococcus hirae is rare as it is commonly found in mammals and birds. We describe a case of Enterococcus bacteremia occurring with urinary tract infection associated with chronic liver disease, cholelithiasis and acute kidney injury which was treated with antibiotic therapy and other supportive management. This rare zoonotic disease is emerging to be life-threatening in especially immunocompromised individuals. Thus clinicians should be informed of this little recognized pathogen and help in reducing mortality especially in immunocompromised individuals.

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Delciellos, Ana Cláudia, Roberto Leonan Morim Novaes, Mariana Fiuza de Castro Loguercio, Lena Geise, Ricardo Tadeu Santori, Renan De França Souza, Bernardo Silveira Papi i in. "Mammals of Serra da Bocaina National Park, state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil". Check List 8, nr 4 (1.08.2012): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/8.4.675.

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Here we present a commented list of mammals registered in the Serra da Bocaina National Park. Three field trips (February, 2010, and May and July, 2011) were accomplished along the RJ-165 highway in the Municipality of Paraty, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Forty-eight species belonging to nine orders were recorded. The local mammal fauna could be considered diverse and rich, with some species regarded as biological indicators of habitat quality. Endangered and rare rodent species like Blarinomys breviceps, Juliomys rimofrons, and Thaptomys nigrita were captured. Road and hunting impacts on mammals are discussed.

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Ferrer, Isidro. "Alzheimer’s Disease Neuropathological Change in Aged Non-Primate Mammals". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, nr 15 (25.07.2024): 8118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158118.

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Human brain aging is characterized by the production and deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the form of senile plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathy and the intracellular accumulation of hyper-phosphorylated tau (Hp-tau) to form neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and dystrophic neurites of senile plaques. The process progresses for years and eventually manifests as cognitive impairment and dementia in a subgroup of aged individuals. Aβ is produced and deposited first in the neocortex in most aged mammals, including humans; it is usually not accompanied by altered behavior and cognitive impairment. Hp-tau is less frequent than Aβ pathology, and NFTs are rare in most mammals. In contrast, NFTs are familiar from middle age onward in humans; NFTs first appear in the paleocortex and selected brain stem nuclei. NFTs precede for decades or years Aβ deposition and correlate with dementia in about 5% of individuals at the age of 65 and 25% at the age of 85. Based on these comparative data, (a) Aβ deposition is the most common Alzheimer’s disease neuropathological change (ADNC) in the brain of aged mammals; (b) Hp-tau is less common, and NFTs are rare in most aged mammals; however, NFTs are the principal cytoskeletal pathology in aged humans; (c) NFT in aged humans starts in selected nuclei of the brain stem and paleocortical brain regions progressing to the most parts of the neocortex and other regions of the telencephalon; (d) human brain aging is unique among mammalian species due to the early appearance and dramatic progression of NFTs from middle age onward, matching with cognitive impairment and dementia in advanced cases; (e) neither mammalian nor human brain aging supports the concept of the amyloid cascade hypothesis.

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CHIARELLO, A. G. "Conservation value of a native forest fragment in a region of extensive agriculture". Revista Brasileira de Biologia 60, nr 2 (maj 2000): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-71082000000200007.

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A survey of mammals and birds was carried out in a semi-deciduous forest fragment of 150 ha located in a zone of intensive agriculture in Ribeirão Preto, State of São Paulo, south-eastern Brazil. Line transect sampling was used to census mammals and birds during six days, totalling 27.8 km of trails and 27.8 hours of observation. Twenty mammal species were confirmed in the area (except bats and small mammals), including rare or endangered species, such as the mountain lion (Puma concolor), the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), and the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis). The brown capuchin monkey (Cebus apella) and the black-tufted-ear marmoset (Callithrix penicillata) were found frequently, suggesting high population density in the fragment. Regarding the avifauna, 49 bird species were recorded, most of them typical of open areas or forest edges. Some confirmed species, however, are becoming increasingly rare in the region, as for example the muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) and the toco toucan (Ramphastos toco). The results demonstrate that forest fragment of this size are refuges for native fauna in a region dominated almost exclusively by sugar-cane plantations. Besides faunal aspects, the conservation of these fragments is of great importance for the establishment of studies related to species preservation in the long term, including reintroduction and translocation projects, as well as studies related to genetic health of isolated populations.

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Rowe, Michael H. "Trichromatic Color Vision in Primates". Physiology 17, nr 3 (czerwiec 2002): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/nips.01376.2001.

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Trichromatic color vision is rare among mammals, occurring only in some primates. Recent work has elucidated the adaptive behavioral significance of trichromacy as well as its underlying genetic and neurophysiological mechanisms. These studies reveal a complex neural system whose design and operation apparently does not conform to rigid deterministic principles.

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Delgado-V., Carlos A. "Non-volant mammals, Reserva San Sebastián-La Castellana, Valle de Aburrá, Antioquia, Colombia". Check List 5, nr 1 (1.01.2009): 001. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/5.1.1.

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From 2000 to 2006 I conducted mammalogical inventory in Reserva San Sebastián-La Castellana, Valle de Aburrá, Antioquia, Colombia. Twenty eight species of non-volant mammals are listed. List includes notable records such as threatened (Leopardus tigrinus and Cabassous centralis), cryptic and rare species (Thomasomys popayanus, Cryptotis medellinia, and Olallamys albicauda).

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POCOCK, R. I. "External and Cranial Characters of some Rare Asiatic Mammals recently Exhibited by the Society.*". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 115, nr 3-4 (21.08.2009): 310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1946.tb00094.x.

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Liu, Hui, Cuiping Yang, Lu Yang, Ruiming Wang, Piwu Li, Bowen Du, Nan Li i Junqing Wang. "Screening l-Lysine-Overproducing Escherichia coli Using Artificial Rare Codons and a Rare Codon-Rich Marker". Fermentation 9, nr 10 (10.10.2023): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9100899.

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l-Lysine, an essential amino acid for humans and mammals, is widely used in the food, feed, medicine, and cosmetics industries. In this study, a lysine over-producing Escherichia coli mutant was isolated using a fluorescence-based screen and an E. coli strain lacking five of the six L-lysine tRNA-UUU genes. Firstly, an l-lysine codon-rich protein was fused with a green fluorescent protein (all AAG codons were replaced with AAA), yielding a rare codon-rich screening marker positively correlated with l-lysine content. After association and room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis and induced fluorescent protein expression culture, mutant strains with strong fluorescence were sorted using flow cytometry. The fermentation performance of the high-yielding l-lysine strains were evaluated, which resulted in 16 of the 29 mutant strains showing increased L-lysine yields compared with those of the wild-type strains and a screening efficiency of up to 55.2%. Following a 48 h fermentation, the production of l-lysine (14.8 g/L) and biomass by E. coli QD01ΔtRNA L2 were 12.1 and 4.5% higher than those of the wild-type strain. The screening strategy for high-yielding strains based on the artificial rare cryptosystem established in this study will provide an efficient, accurate, and simple method for screening other amino-acid-producing microorganisms.

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Souza, Thamara Nunes, Carlos Elias de Souza Braga i Ana Lúcia Nunes Gutjahr. "Aquatic and semiaquatic mammals occurring in the brazilian Amazon: Diversity, Habitats and Extinction". Concilium 24, nr 5 (21.03.2024): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/clm-3006-24e09.

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The Amazon has a megabiodiversity, among which the species of aquatic and semi-aquatic mammals that are distributed in the Amazon rivers stand out, whose human actions cause damage to their habitats. Therefore, the objective of this study was to understand the species of aquatic and semi-aquatic mammals endemic to or occurring in the Amazon region, considering the impacts on their diversity, habitat, and conservation status. To this end, a systematic bibliographical review was conducted using the keywords “aquatic mammals of the Amazon” and “aquatic mammals of the Amazon”, without making a historical cut. The species found were common, endemic, and non-endemic, with rare observations in the Brazilian Amazon, totaling 15 aquatic and two semi-aquatic species. It was observed that all of them are included in the list of endangered species, some with a less worrying classification and others in danger of extinction, threatened mainly by human actions. Therefore, it is necessary for human beings to become more aware of nature because of the great importance of these animals for Amazonian aquatic ecosystems.

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Giragani, Suresh, Santhosh K. Pavunesan, Anandh Balasubramaniam, Vikas Agrawal, Surendar Alwala i Anjani Kumar. "Rete mirabile of posterior inferior cerebellar artery: A rare cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage". Interventional Neuroradiology 24, nr 6 (4.07.2018): 662–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1591019918782147.

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Rete mirabile is a congenital aberrant arterial collateral network resulting from abnormal embryonic activity during native vessel formation. Even though frequently observed in mammals, this entity is rare in humans except when there is hypoplasia, aplasia or narrowing of native vessels. Rete mirabile is reported involving internal carotid and vertebral arteries. Rete mirabile of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) is not described in the literature. We report the clinical presentation, imaging findings and management of PICA rete mirabile formation with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

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Lucas, Spencer G., i Adrian P. Hunt. "The origin of mammals: chronology and paleobiogeography". Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200007498.

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A comprehensive review of the stratigraphic and geographic distribution of the advanced, non-mammalian cynodonts (traversodontids, tritylodontids and tritheledontids) and the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic mammals indicates that: (1) traversodontids were a wholly Triassic group that disappeared during the Rhaetian; during the late Carnian-early Norian they were rare but widespread components of Pangaean land-vertebrate faunas; (2) tritylodontids first appeared in Europe during the Rhaetian, were a cosmopolitan group by the Sinemurian/Pliensbachian and disappeared during the Bathonian; (3) tritheledontids ranged in age from late Carnian to Sinemurian/Pliensbachian and were mostly a New World group; and (4) the oldest mammal is of late Carnian age from West Texas, but there is at least a 10-million-year gap between it and the next oldest mammals from the late Norian of Europe.Advanced cynodont and mammalian distributions of the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic do not suggest Late Triassic paleoprovinciality, but they do support the notion of a cosmopolitan vertebrate fauna during the Sinemurian/Pliensbachian. Proponents of a tritylodontid ancestry of mammals must explain away a 15-million-year-long absence of tritylodontids from the Late Triassic fossil record. In contrast, proponents of a tritheledontid ancestry of mammals need offer no such explanation since tritheledontids and mammals appeared simultaneously during the late Carnian.

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Calisher, C. H. "Medically important arboviruses of the United States and Canada." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 7, nr 1 (styczeń 1994): 89–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.7.1.89.

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Of more than 500 arboviruses recognized worldwide, 5 were first isolated in Canada and 58 were first isolated in the United States. Six of these viruses are human pathogens: western equine encephalitis (WEE) and eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) viruses (family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus), St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) and Powassan (POW) viruses (Flaviviridae, Flavivirus), LaCrosse (LAC) virus (Bunyaviridae, Bunyavirus), and Colorado tick fever (CTF) virus (Reoviridae, Coltivirus). Their scientific histories, geographic distributions, virology, epidemiology, vectors, vertebrate hosts, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical and differential diagnoses, control, treatment, and laboratory diagnosis are reviewed. In addition, mention is made of the Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) complex viruses (family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus), which periodically cause human and equine disease in North America. WEE, EEE, and SLE viruses are transmitted by mosquitoes between birds; POW and CTF viruses, between wild mammals by ticks; LAC virus, between small mammals by mosquitoes; and VEE viruses, between small or large mammals by mosquitoes. Human infections are tangential to the natural cycle. Such infections range from rare to focal but are relatively frequent where they occur. Epidemics of WEE, EEE, VEE, and SLE viruses have been recorded at periodic intervals, but prevalence of infections with LAC and CTF viruses typically are constant, related to the degree of exposure to infected vectors. Infections with POW virus appear to be rare. Adequate diagnostic tools are available, but treatment is mainly supportive, and greater efforts at educating the public and the medical community are suggested if infections are to be prevented.

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Volf, Jiří. "Rare mammal species in the zoological gardens of the Czech Republic and Slovakia". Lynx new series 48, nr 1 (2017): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lynx-2017-0019.

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Eighty-two species or other forms of rare mammals were kept in 19 zoological gardens of the Czech Republic and Slovakia as of 1 January 2016. Two mammal species extinct in the wild (EW category of the IUCN) were bred in the zoos in 2015. Of the kept 29 critically endangered species (CR), 17 bred successfully in 2015, while of the kept 51 endangered species (EN), 25 did. Nine zoos bred more than one third of their kept species belonging to the three categories. The breeding of rare species of perissodactyls and artiodactyls was the most successful in the respective zoos.

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Smith, Thomas B., Karen K. Rasmussen, Kenneth D. Whitney i Mark K. Fogiel. "A preliminary survey of birds from the Lac Lobeke Reserve, south-eastern Cameroon". Bird Conservation International 6, nr 2 (czerwiec 1996): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095927090000304x.

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SummaryThe rainforest avifauna of south-eastern Cameroon is poorly known. In one of the first surveys of birds from this region, we report on bird species netted and observed in the Lac Lobeke Reserve. We document 11 minor range extensions, including that of the extremely rare Zenker's Honeyguide Melignomon zenkeri. The abundance of several rare species of birds and mammals in the area, in addition to low human densities and relative inaccessibility, should make the Lac Lobeke region a priority in conservation efforts. Currently, large logging operations and the commercial exploitation of wildlife threaten the fauna of the region.

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Morgan, Elaine. "Bipedalism". Nutrition and Health 9, nr 3 (lipiec 1993): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026010609300900305.

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Reasons why mammalian bipedalism is so rare. Problems encountered by the larger arboreal mammals when they descend to ground level. Reasons for believing that hominid ancestors were never knuckle-walkers. Primate models which combine arboreal life with incipient bipedalism. Disadvantages of mammalian bipedalism. Critique of some of the savannah-based theories on the origins of human bipedalism.

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Qian, Tianlu, Yao Chi, Changbai Xi, Zhongqiu Li i Jiechen Wang. "Changes in the Historical and Current Habitat Ranges of Rare Wild Mammals in China: A Case Study of Six Taxa of Small- to Large-Sized Mammals". Sustainability 12, nr 7 (31.03.2020): 2744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072744.

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Through history, the habitats of wild mammals have changed greatly in China. Habitat changes may reflect changes in the environment and human–wildlife conflicts. This study focused on how the habitat changed for six taxa of rare wild mammals (one family, one genus, and four species) in mainland China. Their historical and current habitats were estimated according to their historical and current presence occurrences and three sets of environmental data (climate data, topography data, and human activity data), using the Maximum Entropy Model. Then, spatial statistical methods were used to analyze the changes in their habitats, and how human activities have influenced changes in their habitat. The results suggest that the habitats of all six taxa of mammals have shrunk considerably, compared to their historical ranges. With regards to current or past habitats, on average, 68.3% of habitats have been lost. The Asian elephant, which is facing the most serious habitat losses, has lost 93.1% of its habitat. By investigating the relationship between the changes in habitats and the anthropogenic impacts for each taxa, human activities have an obvious negative influence on mammal habitats. The sensitivity of habitats to human activities varies among different mammals: the tiger, Asian elephant, Bactrian camel, and snub-nosed monkey are more sensitive to human activities than musk deer and Chinese water deer.

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Webster, KN, i TJ Dawson. "Is the energetics of mammalian hopping locomotion advantageous in arid environments?" Australian Mammalogy 26, nr 2 (2004): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am04153.

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Although hopping is a relatively rare mammalian gait, hopping mammals are common in arid environments. Arid environments are open, with patchy resources, and the widespread use of hopping by arid zone mammals appears to be related to the benefits of fast locomotion. In several species, fast hopping is economical in comparison to fast quadrupedal running. These hopping species can reach greater maximum aerobic speeds than similarly sized runners. Faster locomotion can reduce predation risk and increase opportunities to exploit open microhabitats. More economical locomotion may improve a hopping mammal's ability to adopt alternative foraging strategies. The disadvantages of hopping include an increased cost of slow locomotion, reduced manoeuvrability at slow speeds and reduced ability to exploit densely vegetated patches.

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Etcheverry, Pierre, Jean-Pierre Ouellet i Michel Crête. "Response of small mammals to clear-cutting and precommercial thinning in mixed forests of southeastern Quebec". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, nr 12 (1.12.2005): 2813–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-208.

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The impacts of forest management on habitat characteristics, species richness, and population dynamics of small mammals remain ambiguous. We studied the response of small-mammal populations, including snowshoe hares, to clear-cutting with protection of advanced regeneration and soils (CPRS) and precommercial thinning (PCT). We compared stands recently treated by CPRS or PCT with established stands dominated by deciduous or coniferous trees in two large blocks of mixed forests. We measured habitat components and abundance of small mammals in the four stand types. Trees (DBH ≥ 9 cm) became very rare in CPRS stands and remained at low density in PCT stands, which stimulated the growth of herbs and seedlings, resulting in increased lateral cover. Tree harvest also generated coarse woody debris in CPRS stands, which did not persist in PCT stands. Small mammals responded to these disturbances in a species-specific manner but, overall, relative abundance and species richness of small mammals were lower in PCT stands than in CPRS and closed stands. Our results suggest that forest managers should exclude some stands from PCT following CPRS or natural perturbations, to maintain ecosystem diversity at the landscape level.

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