Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Raptors”
Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych
Sprawdź 50 najlepszych rozpraw doktorskich naukowych na temat „Raptors”.
Przycisk „Dodaj do bibliografii” jest dostępny obok każdej pracy w bibliografii. Użyj go – a my automatycznie utworzymy odniesienie bibliograficzne do wybranej pracy w stylu cytowania, którego potrzebujesz: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver itp.
Możesz również pobrać pełny tekst publikacji naukowej w formacie „.pdf” i przeczytać adnotację do pracy online, jeśli odpowiednie parametry są dostępne w metadanych.
Przeglądaj rozprawy doktorskie z różnych dziedzin i twórz odpowiednie bibliografie.
Graca, Kathleen. "Raptors of Maleficium". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1489803745718878.
Pełny tekst źródłaNyström, Jesper. "Predator-prey interactions of raptors in an arctic environment". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Zoology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-259.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis concerns the predator-prey interactions of three raptor species in a Swedish arctic community: the gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus), the rough-legged buzzard (Buteo lagopus) and the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos).
The gyrfalcon behaved like a highly specialised ptarmigan (Lagopus spp.) predator. Gyrfalcon’s functional response to ptarmigan was close to density independent, and ptarmigan remained the dominating prey even in areas with the lowest ptarmigan density. The gyrfalcon did not respond functionally to microtine rodents (i.e. lemmings and voles) and it was clear that the gyrfalcon did not use microtines as an alternative prey category to ptarmigan. As the gyrfalcons did not switch to any alternative prey when ptarmigan was scarce, their reproductive success seemed to be directly dependent on the amount of ptarmigan available in the breeding territories. Of the two ptarmigan species in the study area, rock ptarmigan (L. mutus) dominated gyrfalcon’s diet. Locally, the proportion of rock ptarmigan in gyrfalcons’ diets showed a positive relationship to the expected availability of rock ptarmigan in the breeding territories, indicating a density dependent utilisation.
The rough-legged buzzard behaved like a highly specialised microtine rodent predator and Norwegian lemming (Lemmus lemmus) was its preferred microtine species. The buzzards showed a type 2 functional response to lemmings. Surprisingly though, they also had a type 3 functional response to grey-sided voles (Clethrionomus rufocanus). We present an optimal diet model where a central place forager, during good food conditions, benefits from partial prey preference, which renders separate functional responses to each prey category. We discuss how the double functional responses of the buzzard affect the population dynamics of sympatric vole species, on both temporal and spatial scales.
The golden eagle behaved like a generalist predator, and it preyed on all major prey categories in the study area: microtines, ptarmigan, mountain hare, (Lepus timidus) and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). It seemed to respond functionally to microtine rodent fluctuations with an increased consumption of lemmings during a peak year in the microtine rodent cycle. The golden eagle showed a numerical response to its main prey, the ptarmigan.
Ptarmigan, microtine rodents and hares seemed to have synchronized population fluctuations in the study area. Such synchronized population fluctuations are believed to be generated by predation. Although the three raptors are the main predators of their community, their predation patterns fail to explain the observed prey population dynamics in the study area.
Nyström, Jesper. "Predator-prey interactions of raptors in an arctic community /". Stockholm : Zoologiska institutionen, Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-259.
Pełny tekst źródłaPotapov, Eugene Roald. "Ecology and energetics of Rough-legged Buzzard (Buteo lagopus) in the Kolyma River lowlands". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358727.
Pełny tekst źródłaHodder, Kathryn H. "The common buzzard in lowland UK : relationships between food availability, habitat use and demography". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340525.
Pełny tekst źródłaChan, Kar-yan Karin, i 陳嘉欣. "An evaluation on the conservation effort on raptors in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255772.
Pełny tekst źródłaKaneda, Hiroshi. "Predatory behavior of Nisaetus and reversed sexual-size dimorphism in raptors". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/124449.
Pełny tekst źródłaThomson, Victoria K. "Sea change for Australia's coastal raptors: the cost of urban living". Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/408097.
Pełny tekst źródłaThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environment and Sc
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
Hobbs, Royden J. "Breeding biology and spatial relationships of desert grassland raptors and corvids". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280613.
Pełny tekst źródłaMonsalvo, Julio Amaro Betto. "Geographical variation and current knowledge on breeding patterns of Neotropical accipitrid raptors". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2018. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/32507.
Pełny tekst źródłaSubmitted by Raquel Viana (raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2018-08-21T21:28:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2018_JulioAmaroBettoMonsalvo.pdf: 2801592 bytes, checksum: a9aeb76330a1ea7f4163850985de20fa (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana (raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2018-08-27T21:45:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2018_JulioAmaroBettoMonsalvo.pdf: 2801592 bytes, checksum: a9aeb76330a1ea7f4163850985de20fa (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T21:45:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2018_JulioAmaroBettoMonsalvo.pdf: 2801592 bytes, checksum: a9aeb76330a1ea7f4163850985de20fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-21
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).
Estudos de história de vida em aves frequentemente restringem-se ao paradigma latitudinal de variação nos tamanhos de ninhada, ignorando o valor dos trade-offs entre os diferentes parâmetros, como o comprimento da estação reprodutiva (breeding season length; BSL). Acredita-se que este parâmetro apresente também uma clina latitudinal, com um aumento da duração em direção aos trópicos. Também há evidências de variação latitudinal nas estações reprodutivas entre táxons próximos, mas há muito se debate a capacidade de aves de baixas latitudes responder a mudanças no comprimento do dia. Resultados de estudos feitos na América do Sul e no Hemisfério Sul como um todo desafiam o paradigma latitudinal de BSLs. A maioria dessas pesquisas foca em comunidades de Passeriformes, ignorando espécies de maior tamanho corporal como rapinantes, mas é essencial verificar se os padrões se sustentam entre diferentes clados de aves. Além disso, esse conhecimento pode ser relevante para o manejo e conservação das espécies. Analisei a ocorrência de variações geográficas em parâmetros reprodutivos de Accipitridae neotropicais. No primeiro Capítulo, motivado pela ausência de uma revisão recente e abrangente do estado-da-arte que englobasse toda a região Neotropical, examinei lacunas no conhecimento sobre a biologia reprodutiva dessas aves. Compilei 457 referências bibliográficas, produzidas desde a última revisão similar (Bierregaard 1995), com registros reprodutivos de 56 espécies. Ainda que 66% destas espécies tenham apresentado incrementos no estado de conhecimento, para sete o ninho ainda não foi descrito, e/ou há uma completa ausência de informação sobre comportamentos reprodutivos. Dentre estas, o antigo “clado Leucopternis” segue como o caso mais problemático. Forneço uma classificação atualizada de níveis de conhecimento sobre a biologia reprodutiva dos Accipitriformes neotropicais, e apresento uma lista de 24 espécies prioritárias para estudos sobre biologia reprodutiva, considerando tanto lacunas no conhecimento quanto atual relevância para a conservação. A revisão realizada no Capítulo 1 serviu de base e viabilizou as análises do Capítulo 2, usando dados do clado ‘buteonines’, um diversificado grupo monofilético de Accipitridae, com biologia reprodutiva relativamente bem conhecida. Verifiquei nesse Capítulo se esses raptores apresentam padrões de variação geográfica nas estações reprodutivas. Obtive 1541 registros de ninhos de 27 espécies da região Neotropical, da literatura e também de 16 coleções de ovos em museus. Os registros foram divididos em amostras (‘units’), entre diferentes faixas latitudinais, de acordo com a filogenia e atributos ecológicos e biogeográficos relevantes, e também entre ecorregiões. Diferenças significativas foram encontradas entre as estimativas de início da estação reprodutiva (initiation of the breeding season; IOB) de diferentes faixas latitudinais: as médias de populações tropicais do sul divergiram daquelas tanto das populações tropicais do norte (ANOVA; Q = 5,987; P < 0,001) quanto das temperadas do sul (Q = 6,731; P < 0,001). Estimativas de IOB são negativamente correlacionadas com a latitude (r = -0,667, r² = 0,445, P = 0,018). Valores de BSL variaram significativamente menos que os de IOB (testes a posteriori Fligner-Kileen para coeficientes de variação), e não encontrei suporte para a predição de que duração das estações reprodutivas das populações de diferentes espécies em uma mesma faixa latitudinal divergem significativamente das de outras faixas. Além disso, populações migrantes e não-migrantes não tiveram BSLs significativamente distintos, e nenhum tipo de “efeito de ilha” ocorreu com os BSLs de populações insulares em vários níveis de isolamento. As estações reprodutivas de buteonines iniciam muito mais cedo que as de Passeriformes, e provavelmente também que as de outros Accipitridae, tanto em uma mesma área quanto em outras regiões do globo. Há um padrão de clinas latitudinais nos IOBs, com as estações reprodutivas começando até 100 dias antes do equinócio em ambas as faixas tropicais, porém mais atrasadas na faixa temperada. Essas conclusões sugerem que estímulos de comprimento dos dias sejam a principal causa proximal definindo o início das estações reprodutivas dessas aves. Também sugiro que imprevisibilidade climática não necessariamente selecionaria maiores estações reprodutivas em aves; e demonstrei que, entre buteonines neotropicais, BSLs de migrantes de curtas distâncias são muito similares aos de não-migrantes, indicando ausência de restrições temporais para sua reprodução. Isolamento reprodutivo e/ou evolutivo de populações insulares por si só pode não levar a uma maior divergência em parâmetros reprodutivos em relação a populações continentais. Devido a escassez de dados comportamentais e ecológicos para a maioria destas espécies, especialmente no norte e centro da América do Sul, ressalto a relevância de conduzir estudos detalhados com populações distintas, e evidencio como a cuidadosa análise de coleções oológicas pode preencher algumas lacunas de conhecimento. Também demonstro como pesquisas podem prover novas evidências e postular hipóteses testáveis, mesmo com dados muito distantes do ideal.
Avian life-history studies are mostly restricted to the latitudinal paradigm of clutch-size variation, ignoring the value of trade-offs between the different parameters. One of these parameters is the breeding season length (therefore, BSL), considered to also present a latitudinal cline, increasing toward the tropics. Moreover, there is evidence that nesting seasons diverge latitudinally among closely-related taxa, but the perception of day-length variation by birds at lower latitudes has long been debated. Results from studies conducted in South America and through the Southern Hemisphere challenges BSL’s latitudinal paradigm. Most of these studies focus on passerine communities, overlooking larger species such as raptors, but it is essential to verify if patterns hold true across bird clades. Also, such knowledge about breeding biology is relevant for species’ management and conservation. I analyzed the occurrence of geographical variation in breeding parameters of Neotropical accipitrid raptors. In the first Chapter, motivated by the lack of a recent, comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art spanning the entire Neotropics, I examined gaps of knowledge on these birds’ breeding biology. I compiled 457 references, produced since the last similar review (Bierregaard 1995), that reported breeding of 56 species. Although 66% of the evaluated species had an improvement on the state of knowledge, for seven species nests have not been described yet, and/or there is a complete absence of information about their breeding behavior. Among these, the former “Leucopternis clade” remains the most problematic case. I provide an update of current levels of knowledge about the breeding biology of Neotropical Accipitriformes, and present a list of 24 priority species for breeding biology studies, considering both information gaps and current conservation relevance. The review performed on Chapter 1 was the baseline and allowed the analyses made in Chapter 2, that used data of the buteonines clade, a diversified monophyletic group of accipitrid raptors, with relatively well-known breeding biology. In the second Chapter, I verified whether these raptors present patterns of geographical variation in breeding seasonality. I obtained 1541 nest records from 27 species of the Neotropical region, from literature and also 16 museum egg collections. Records were divided between samples (‘units’), among latitudinal ranges, according to phylogeny and relevant ecological and biogeographical traits, and also between ecoregions. Significant differences were found between estimates of initiation of the breeding season (IOB) from different latitudinal ranges: the means of southern tropical units differed from those of both northern tropical (ANOVA; Q = 5.987; P < 0.001) and southern temperate ones (Q = 6.731; P < 0.001). Estimates of IOB are also negatively correlated with latitude (r = -0.667; r² = 0.445; P = 0.018). Values of BSL varied significantly less than those of IOB (a posteriori Fligner-Kileen tests for coefficients of variation), and I found no support for the prediction that breeding season lengths of populations of different species within a same latitudinal range will significantly diverge from other ranges’. Also, migrants and non-migrant units had no significantly different BSLs, and no kind of “island effect” occured with BSLs of units on islands, in any level of isolation. Neotropical buteonine’s breeding seasons start earlier than those of passerines, and probably earlier than other accipitrids, either in the same range or elsewhere. There is a pattern of latitudinal clines in the IOBs as their seasons start up to 100 days before vernal equinox in both tropical ranges, but later on the temperate range. These findings suggest that day-length stimuli are the main proximate clues determining the onset of their breeding seasons. I also suggest that unpredictability on climate do not necessarily select for longer breeding seasons in birds, and demonstrate that among Neotropical buteonines, short-distance migrants have BSLs very similar to those of non-migrants, indicating no substantial time-constraints for their breeding activities. Reproductive and/or evolutionary isolation of insular populations alone may not select for increasing divergence in breeding parameters, relative to mainland populations. Due to the scarcity of ecological and behavioral data for most of these species, particularly in northern and central South America, I highlight the relevance of conducting detailed studies with different populations, and also how scrutiny of oological collections could fill some gaps of knowledge. I also demonstrate how, even with data far from ideal, research can provide new evidence and put forward testable hypotheses.
Brink, René. "How well do buffer circles capture the ranging behaviours of territorial raptors?" Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33229.
Pełny tekst źródłaCurtis, Odette Elisabeth. "Responses of raptors to habitat fragmentation : from individual responses to population susceptibility". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6727.
Pełny tekst źródłaMcHugh, Laura Jo, i Laura Jo McHugh. "Assessment of Raptor Migration Corridors in the United States". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625888.
Pełny tekst źródłaLourenço, Rui Nascimento Fazenda. "Predatory interactions among vertebrate top predators superpredation and intraguild predation by large raptors". Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/14789.
Pełny tekst źródłaPeterson, David L. "Nesting and Habitat Parameters for Selected Raptors in the Desert of Northwestern Utah". DigitalCommons@USU, 1988. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6462.
Pełny tekst źródłaPeck, Nicola. "DNA forensics of raptors and the isolation and characterisation of microsatellite markers in accipitridae". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324537.
Pełny tekst źródłaRushin, Tiffany Patricia. "Prevalence and Identity of Tissue Cyst Forming Apicomplexan Parasites in the Muscles of Raptors". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48900.
Pełny tekst źródłaMaster of Science
Mellone, Ugo. "Movement ecology of long-distance migrants: insights from the Eleonora's falcon and other raptors". Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/35523.
Pełny tekst źródłaHoyt, Kaleigh. "Raptors and Humans: Exploring Alternative Therapies in Non-Clinical Environments using Birds of Prey". Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7307.
Pełny tekst źródłaGarbett, Rebecca Ann. "Conservation of raptors and vultures in Botswana: with a focus on lappet-faced vultures Torgos tracheliotos". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29264.
Pełny tekst źródłaMcClain, Krystaal Moonchyld. "Environmental Drivers of Migration in Two Israeli Raptor Species". The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1440001135.
Pełny tekst źródłaMeller, Dante Andres. "AVES DE RAPINA DA MATA DO ALTO URUGUAI". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5325.
Pełny tekst źródłaComo predadores de topo as aves de rapina são excelentes bioindicadores para qualquer ambiente. A comunidade divide-se em quatro ordens (Cathartiformes, Accipitriformes, Falconiformes e Strigiformes), apresentando grande diversidade de espécies. Muitas desaparecem com a alteração dos ecossistemas, sendo a perda de hábitat a principal causa de extinções. A América do Sul é o continente com maior riqueza de rapinantes, e só no Brasil já foram registradas 98 espécies. A degradação de alguns biomas, no entanto, tem ocasionado a extinção local de rapinantes com grandes requerimentos ecológicos. A Mata Atlântica, que tem pouco mais de 10% de sua cobertura florestal ainda preservada, tem sofrido ao longo de quase toda sua extensão a perda de algumas espécies que são bastante sensíveis a impactos antrópicos, como Harpia harpyja e Morphnus guianensis. Na região noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul a perda de florestas foi significativa e com ela grande parte da fauna que originalmente habitava a área. Dado o estabelecimento de áreas protegidas e a conexão com as extensas florestas de Misiones (Argentina), alguns locais ainda possuem vários rapinantes raros ou regionalmente ameaçados de extinção. É o caso do Parque Estadual do Turvo (PET) e da Terra Indígena do Guarita (TIG), que distam-se apenas 15 km numa paisagem fragmentada com remanescentes florestais sob diferentes atributos e em diferentes mosaicos. Nesse contexto procuramos identificar como a comunidade de aves de rapina responde aos fatores apresentados através de fragmentos em diferentes condições. Através de metodologia específica para rapinantes diurnos amostramos também a situação da comunidade de rapinantes na TIG. Foram amostrados 14 fragmentos e sete pontos na TIG. Os dados da TIG foram comparados àqueles encontrados em um estudo usando a mesma metodologia no PET. Os resultados demonstram que o único fator que influencia na riqueza e frequência de ocorrência de rapinantes nos fragmentos é a área. Fatores como isolamento (distancia entre um fragmento e o PET ou a TIG), quantidade de cobertura florestal no mosaico e forma do fragmento não foram significativos. Isso provavelmente se dá em função da grande capacidade dispersiva das aves de rapina, diferindo de outros grupos da fauna. A comunidade de aves de rapina da TIG apresentou-se muito semelhante àquela encontrada no PET. Destacamos alguns registros inéditos e de relevância conservacionista para a TIG, tais como Sarcoramphus papa, Leptodon cayanensis e Spizaetus melanoleucus. Apesar da TIG estar em um contexto menos favorável à conservação quando comparada ao PET, nossos resultados demonstram a importância da área indígena para a conservação dos rapinantes da região. Uma vez que rapinantes necessitam de grandes áreas, são territorialistas, deslocam-se com facilidade e apresentam aversão a perturbações, fragmentos grandes oferecem melhores condições de sobrevivência do que os pequenos, especialmente para as espécies com maiores necessidades ecológicas. Assim, estratégias que envolvam a preservação de grandes remanescentes florestais na região noroeste são fundamentais para a preservação da comunidade de aves de rapina da Mata do Alto Uruguai.
Wichmann, Matthias. "Survival in changing environments : modeling the impact of climate change and land use on raptors in arid savanna /". Leipzig [u.a.] : UFZ, 2003. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015383360&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Pełny tekst źródłaCresswell, Will. "Wintering raptors and their avian prey : a study of the behavioural and ecological effects of predator-prey interactions". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14744.
Pełny tekst źródłaCosta, Inês Arriaga da. "Clínica de animais de companhia e espécies exóticas: pododermatite ulcerativa em aves e mamíferos exóticos". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/13991.
Pełny tekst źródłaZilio, Felipe [UNESP]. "Estudo do nicho ecológico de duas aves de rapina (Falco sparverius e Athene cunicularia) em uma região de dunas do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99494.
Pełny tekst źródłaConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Duas espécies só podem coexistir durante um longo período de tempo se diferirem em alguns aspectos ecológicos. Essas são premissas do conceito de nicho ecológico de uma espécie. Falco sparverius e Athene cunicularia são aves de rapina de ocorrência comum na maioria da região neotropical. Usualmente encontradas em simpatria, ocorrem em ambientes abertos, com pouca vegetação e apresentam uma dieta similar, baseada em insetos, e comportamentos de caça semelhantes. Os ambientes costeiros do Rio Grande do Sul são sistemas frágeis, protegidos pela legislação nacional e pouco estudados. Os objetivos deste estudo são analisar como estas espécies segregam ecologicamente no ambiente em questão, avaliando as dimensões trófica, espacial e temporal de nicho. Adicionalmente, objetiva-se contribuir para o conhecimento da ecologia destas espécies. Entre março/2000 e janeiro/2004 foram realizadas 31 excursões mensais à área de estudo quando se coletaram pelotas de regurgitação e restos de presas. Realizaram-se ainda observações de captura de presas, análise de comportamento circadiano e uso de hábitat de F. sparverius e A. cunicularia. Corroborando outros estudos, ambas espécies mostraram-se predadores generalistas e oportunistas, consumindo predominantemente invertebrados, com baixo consumo de vertebrados, havendo, aparentemente, variação sazonal na dieta.
Two species can coexist during a long time period only if both differ in some ecological aspect. This is a premise of the ecological niche theory. Falco sparverius and Athene cunicularia are two most common raptors in the neotropical region. Usually sympatric, these species inhabit open countries, with few vegetation and have similar diets, including mainly insects, and similar foraging behaviors. The coastal habitats of Rio Grande do Sul are fragile and poorly studied ecosystems under Brazilian legislation protection. This study aims to analyze how these species segregate themselves in coastal habitats by investigating the trophic, spatial and temporal niche dimensions. Additionally, it is our intention to contribute to knowledge of the ecology of these species. Between March/2000 and January/2004, 31 monthly field expeditions were conducted to the study area during which pellets and prey remains were collected. Further, captures attempts were recorded and daily behavior and foraging habitat use of the F. sparverius and A. cunicularia were analyzed. Corroborating previous studies, both species showed to be generalist and opportunist predators, eating mainly invertebrates, with little vertebrate consumption, having, apparently, seasonal variation in their diet.
Zilio, Felipe. "Estudo do nicho ecológico de duas aves de rapina (Falco sparverius e Athene cunicularia) em uma região de dunas do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil /". Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99494.
Pełny tekst źródłaBanca: José Carlos Motta Júnior
Banca: Roberto Goitein
Resumo: Duas espécies só podem coexistir durante um longo período de tempo se diferirem em alguns aspectos ecológicos. Essas são premissas do conceito de nicho ecológico de uma espécie. Falco sparverius e Athene cunicularia são aves de rapina de ocorrência comum na maioria da região neotropical. Usualmente encontradas em simpatria, ocorrem em ambientes abertos, com pouca vegetação e apresentam uma dieta similar, baseada em insetos, e comportamentos de caça semelhantes. Os ambientes costeiros do Rio Grande do Sul são sistemas frágeis, protegidos pela legislação nacional e pouco estudados. Os objetivos deste estudo são analisar como estas espécies segregam ecologicamente no ambiente em questão, avaliando as dimensões trófica, espacial e temporal de nicho. Adicionalmente, objetiva-se contribuir para o conhecimento da ecologia destas espécies. Entre março/2000 e janeiro/2004 foram realizadas 31 excursões mensais à área de estudo quando se coletaram pelotas de regurgitação e restos de presas. Realizaram-se ainda observações de captura de presas, análise de comportamento circadiano e uso de hábitat de F. sparverius e A. cunicularia. Corroborando outros estudos, ambas espécies mostraram-se predadores generalistas e oportunistas, consumindo predominantemente invertebrados, com baixo consumo de vertebrados, havendo, aparentemente, variação sazonal na dieta
Abstract: Two species can coexist during a long time period only if both differ in some ecological aspect. This is a premise of the ecological niche theory. Falco sparverius and Athene cunicularia are two most common raptors in the neotropical region. Usually sympatric, these species inhabit open countries, with few vegetation and have similar diets, including mainly insects, and similar foraging behaviors. The coastal habitats of Rio Grande do Sul are fragile and poorly studied ecosystems under Brazilian legislation protection. This study aims to analyze how these species segregate themselves in coastal habitats by investigating the trophic, spatial and temporal niche dimensions. Additionally, it is our intention to contribute to knowledge of the ecology of these species. Between March/2000 and January/2004, 31 monthly field expeditions were conducted to the study area during which pellets and prey remains were collected. Further, captures attempts were recorded and daily behavior and foraging habitat use of the F. sparverius and A. cunicularia were analyzed. Corroborating previous studies, both species showed to be generalist and opportunist predators, eating mainly invertebrates, with little vertebrate consumption, having, apparently, seasonal variation in their diet
Mestre
Benfica, Carlos Eduardo Ribas Tameirão. "Diversidade e uso do habitat por rapinantes diurnos em uma área protegida do Cerrado, sudeste do Brasil". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-08102013-141128/.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaptors were surveyed by road transects in order to assess local species richness, abundance and habitat use in Parque Estadual Veredas do Peruaçu (30,702 ha), a reserve that lies in the Cerrado Region of southeastern Brazil. Eleven road transects of 7km each were delimited in two different habitats: cerrado (n=6) and an associated vereda-cerrado (n=5). Transects were sampled between September 2010 and July 2011 by three observers on the back of a 4WD pickup truck, driven at an average speed of 20km/h - total of 2772 km. There were computed 681 records along road transects (0.24 raptors/km), belonging to 20 species. One other species (Falco peregrinus) was recorded exclusively along ad libitum sampling. The five most common raptors were Heterospizias meridionalis, Caracara plancus, Milvago chimachima, Rupornis magnirostris and Falco femoralis, which totalized approximately 20% of local richness and 80% of all records. The five rarest raptors in the study area (Leptodon cayanensis, Elanus leucurus, Accipiter bicolor, Micrastur semitorquatus and Falco sparverius), together, represented less than 1% of all records. Raptors were more abundant during rainy season (n=438) than during dry season (n=243). The veredas presented higher species richness (19 against 10 taxa) and almost three times more records (n=466; 0.36 raptors/km) than the cerrado (n=215; 0.14 raptors/km). Mornings held higher number of records when compared to afternoons. Based on ΔAICc the models that better explained species richness and raptors\' abundance had all three explanatory variables (habitat, season and day period) considered. Road transects seemed to be recommended for surveys in savannah like habitats. The local cerrado presented lower raptor richness and abundance when compared to the vereda, however it occupies most of the region and it should have an important role on raptors\' conservation. The vereda delimit the reserve northern boundaries and it holds some locally restricted taxa, like the Crowned Eagle (Urubitinga coronata) a species globally threatened of extinction. This makes the habitat even more important for these species and, consequently, to local ecological community. The fact that the vereda is protected only by one margin is a worrying issue and it is suggested that the reserve boundaries augment northwards, once important water supply also comes from there.
Ross, Boulianne Michael 1982. "Assessing the effects of the Baie-des-Sables (Quebec) wind farm on the spring migratory behaviour and abundance of raptors". Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116036.
Pełny tekst źródłaPotier, Simon. "Ecologie sensorielle des rapaces : vision et olfaction". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT167.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe vision is certainly the most developed sense in raptors, and these birds are cosidered as the vertebrates with the greatest visual acuity. However, raptors are among the most frequent victims of collisions with wind turbines and other human features. Given the conservation issues and the cost of conservation operations , it is essential to understand how sensory abilities of raptor affect their foraging ecology and interactions with human features (eg at which altitude / distance vultures can detected graves and potential obstacles and how optimize the measure of habitats management). But vision is not the only sense that raptor may have. Olfaction in birds was historically neglected, but recent evidence suggests that many bird species, from passerines to seabirds, use olfaction. Consequently, it make sense that olfaction may lead some behaviours in raptor too. To date however olfaction has been searched and shown only in the American vultures. Our project aims to study the sensory ecology of raptors based primarily on captive animals and condition protocols. The originality of our project is to combine the experience of vision and olfaction, on a wide variety of raptor species present in French zoos, with different phylogenetic origin, diets, and different foraging ecologies. The first step will takes place under controlled aviaries conditions, with operant conditioning experiments: responses of birds to different visual and odor stimuli. In a second phase, flight experiments will be conducted on birds trained to perform free flights, whose precise movements can be tracked in three dimensions by GPS tags coupled with accelerometers and cameras videos. It would then be possible to determine precisely the sensory capabilities used for food research for each species, and analyze the flight behaviour with respect to aerology
Martins, Rafael Martos. "Taxocenose de aves de rapina diurnas em uma área urbana". Botucatu, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152943.
Pełny tekst źródłaResumo: As aves de rapina diurnas são aves predadoras que estão inseridas em três Ordens: Falconiformes, Cathartiformes e Accipitriformes. Com a expansão de áreas urbanas tais aves têm se especializado a utilizar essas paisagens e muitas espécies estabelecem populações. Assim, os objetivos desse estudo foram: 1. Conhecer a taxocenose de rapinantes urbanos; 2. Sugerir uma adequação ao método de pontos de contagem para sua utilização em levantamentos de rapinantes em áreas urbanas e; 3. Verificar se existe sazonalidade e qual o horário de maior atividade de cada espécie no ambiente urbano. O estudo foi realizado no município de Pirajuí/SP, onde foi utilizada a metodologia de pontos de contagem. Entre outubro de 2014 a setembro de 2016 foram realizados levantamentos mensais onde foram amostrados quatro pontos de contagem na zona urbana durante quatro horas cada, sempre durante as primeiras horas da manhã. Foram realizadas também rotas de carro em áreas rurais para complementar a lista de espécies. Foram analisados: riqueza, número de contatos e frequência de ocorrência, horário em que cada espécie é mais frequente, sazonalidade e similaridade com outros estudos. Em geral, foram registradas 23 espécies de aves de rapina, destas, 19 foram registradas dentro da área urbana e 4 espécies nas áreas rurais. Em relação ao número de contatos, foram feitos 2555 contatos com as aves de rapinas durante o estudo, sendo que o número de contatos dos cathartídeos representou aproximadamente 60% de todo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Diurnal birds of prey are predatory birds and are placed in three orders: Falconiformes, Cathartiformes and Accipitriformes. With the expansion of urban areas, these birds have adapted to use these landscapes and many species establish populations. Thus, the objective of this study was: 1. To know the taxocenoses of urban raptors; 2. Suggest an adaptation to the method of points counts for its use in raptor surveys in urban areas and; 3. Check for seasonality and what time of greatest activity for each species in the urban environment. The study was carried out in the city of Pirajuí, state of São Paulo, where the methodology of points counts was adopted. Between October 2014 and September 2016, monthly surveys were carried out, where four points counts were sampled in the urban area for four hours each, always during the first hours of the morning. Car routes were also carried out in rural areas to complement the list of species. We analyzed: richness, number of contacts and frequency of occurrence, time at which each species is more frequent, seasonality and similarity with other studies. In general, 23 species of birds of prey were registered, of these, 19 were recorded within the urban area and 4 species in rural areas. In relation to the number of contacts, 2555 contacts were made with the birds of prey during the study, and the number of cathartídeos contacts represented approximately 60% of all the contacts. Most Falconiformes show greater activity in the first hour af... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Gallardo, Julio C. "Ecology of Rare and Abundant Raptors on an Oceanic Island| The Sharp-Shinned Hawk and Red-Tailed Hawk in Puerto Rico". Thesis, Mississippi State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10842547.
Pełny tekst źródłaReliable estimates of species abundance, distribution, and population trajectories are critical in conservation and management. However, for many tropical species that information is missing. We conducted Sharp-shinned Hawk (SSHA) searches during the breeding seasons of 2013, 2014, and 2016 in eight montane forest reserves and their adjacent private lands of Puerto Rico. Further, we developed a maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) of the SSHA’s potential distribution using the following environmental variables: aspect, canopy closure, elevation, rainfall, slope, and terrain roughness. Elevation accounted for 89.8% of model fit, predicting the greatest probability of occurrence (> 60%) at elevations above 900 m. The model estimated 0.6%Puerto Rico (56.1 km 2) has the greatest probability of occurrence. We developed a periodic population matrix model to describe the influence of early life stages on population growth of the Red-tailed Hawk (RTHA) in eastern Puerto Rico. Our results suggest that the RTHA population has an average annual population increase of 5%, with rates differing between highlands (λh = 1.05) and 27% lowlands (λl = 1.27). Adult survival was the most important population growth parameter, with more effect in highlands (elasticity = 0.86) than in lowlands (elasticity = 0.53). Sensitivity of λ to changes in nestling survival was greater than for other life-stages (sensitivity lowlands = 0.46, sensitivity highlands = 0.48). I developed an open population N-mixture model to estimate abundance, availability, and detection probability of RTHA in the Luquillo Mountains and western Cordillera Central. The abundance estimates were 0.05 RTHA/ha, with an availability of (&phis;) = ~1 RTHA/per survey point and a detection probability (r) = ~0.25. In Luquillo Mountains, abundance was positively influenced by slope and elevation. In the western Cordillera Central, abundance of RTHA was constant across elevation, slope, and canopy closure. Detection probability decreased with increasing slope and wind conditions and showed a gradual small negative decrease with slope with reduced winds conditions. My findings are a contribution to our knowledge of how population traits and ecological constraints imposed by insular environments are influencing distribution, abundance, and population dynamics of raptors to propose management or conservation schemes.
GREER, AMANDA LOUISE. "RAPTOR AND RAPTURE: KING JAMES IV OF SCOTLAND WITH A PEREGRINE FALCON". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612983.
Pełny tekst źródłaShephard, Jill, i n/a. "A Multi-Scale Approach to Defining Historical and Contemporary Factors Responsible for the Current Distribution of the White-bellied Sea-Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster (Gmelin, 1788) in Australia". Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20041012.142221.
Pełny tekst źródłaShephard, Jill. "A Multi-Scale Approach to Defining Historical and Contemporary Factors Responsible for the Current Distribution of the White-bellied Sea-Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster (Gmelin, 1788) in Australia". Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367440.
Pełny tekst źródłaThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
Full Text
Vorbrüggen, Susanne. "Diagnostik der Aspergillose bei Jagdfalken (Falco spp.) unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Projektionsradiographie und der Serumelektrophorese". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-128995.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe present study concentrates on two methods for diagnosing birds of prey with aspergillosis with the intent to increase the knowledge of the validity of these non-invasive diagnostic methods. In the first study, specific radiographic signs of digitally created radiographs of falcons (Falco spp.) which were exclusively positive for aspergillosis (n = 110) were systematically analyzed and compared to the typical radiographic signs of parrots with diseases of the lower respiratory tract. In the second study, healthy falcons (n = 73) and falcons affected with aspergillosis (n = 32) (Falco spp.) were examined by using serum protein electrophoresis in order to create reference values for healthy falcons and compare them with the values of the affected falcons. In both studies, the animals were patients of the same clinic. While evaluating the radiographs of the falcons with aspergillosis, mainly subtle radiographic signs were described. Radiographically within normal limits were 29 (26.4%) of the 110 animals. The most commonly reported findings were inhomogeneous increased radiodensity of the lung area (38.2% laterolateral [ll]), line-shaped shadowings of the caudal lung border (II 30.0%) as well as an inhomogeneous (34.5% ll, 29.1% ventrodorsal [vd]) and streaky (26.4% II) radiodensity of the air sacs, but also a poor delineation of the cardiac silhouette in the laterolateral projection (42.7%). Compared to studies performed on parrots by conventional radiography, the portion of subtle radiographic signs was lower and the portion of severe signs was higher. Compared to reference values of various raptor species from the literature, this study, which made use of the high-resolution electrophoresis SAS 1 unit (Helena, Saint Leu La Forest, France), revealed relatively low values for total proteins and relatively high values for prealbumin in the reference values of the healthy falcons. The 32 serum samples of the falcons suffering from aspergillosis showed a significantly reduced total albumin (albumin + prealbumin) level and a highly significantly reduced prealbumin level compared to the 73 serum samples of healthy falcons. Although the falcons were for the most part already brought to the clinic in one of the early stages of the disease, when diagnosing aspergillosis is particularly difficult, both examination methods revealed different results for the healthy and diseased animals. However, the findings related to aspergillosis were in some cases significantly different from those described in the literature as the \"typical\" findings in birds suffering from aspergillosis. This can be explained by the fact that most of the comparable studies were conducted with parrots held as pets or with captive zoo birds (when husbandry, anatomy and physiology, as well as performance level are different from falcons) and with a different technique (digital versus conventional radiography, different electrophoresis systems and the use of serum instead of plasma). The digital radiography can be fully recommended for specialized medical institutions for avian medicine as well as for small animal practitioners because of its easy, rapid and gentle feasibility. To date, the protein electrophoresis can only be recommended with restrictions for practitioners, however for specialized institutions, it can be useful as additional diagnostic tool if all its specific features are taken into account
Crasilşcic, Veaceslav. "STUDY OF REQUIREMENTS FOR POST-CONSTRUCTION AUTOMATED BIRD MITIGATION SYSTEMS FROM STAKEHOLDER’S PERSPECTIVE". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-300805.
Pełny tekst źródłaDias, Ticiana Martins Zwarg Simões. "Hematologia, pesquisa de hemoparasitos e mensuração da atividade de colinesterases plasmáticas em Falconiformes e Strigiformes do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10133/tde-15122011-143316/.
Pełny tekst źródła137 blood samples were collected from 132 different specimen, belonging to seven species of Strigiformes (n=92) and eleven species of Falconiformes (n=45), from September 2008 to July 2009. Samples were submitted to complete hemogram, survey for hemoparasites through evaluation of blood smears, sex identification by PCR and measurement of plasmatic cholinesterases by the method of Ellman (1961). Only seven black-capped-screech-owls (Megascops choliba) were positive for hemoparasites (5,3% of total raptors). There were significative difference according to avian health status; all the clinicaly higid animal were not infected, but 20,4% of animals with clinical desorders presented haemosporidians. Quantitatively, the average parasitemia was 3,8 parasited erythrocytes in 10.000 erythrocytes, a infection rate relatively low. The most of hematologic parameters did not present statistic differences in function of presence or absence of hemoparasites, what in most of the cases characterized a low and not much pathogenic infection. The plasmatic cholinesterase activity presented normal distribution, with geometric average of 0,8333 micromoles/mL and geometric standard deviation of 1,7087 µmols/mL. The plasmatic cholinesterase activity presented statistic differences between Falconiformes (0,5705±1,6497 µmols/mL) and Strigiformes (1,0070±1,5620 µmols/mL). There were not significative differences between males of females and adults or youngs between Falconiformes or Strigiformes. Non-higid Falconiformes presented surprisiling much low values than those clinically higid. Between Strigiformes, the captivity specimens present much lower plasmatic cholinesterase activity values than free ranging animals. The plasmatic cholinesterase activity was signifactively different among animal with hemoparasites (geometric average = 2,0132 µmols/mL) and without hemoparasites (geometric average = 0,8331 µmols/mL). This research contributes with relevant information about the haemosporidian occurence in raptors of State of São Paulo, alerting the Institutions about the necessity of monitorizing haemoprotozoa. Besides that, contributes with unpublished data about the plasmatic cholinesterase activity in raptors.
Bedin, M. "Applicazione di una nuova tecnica per il trattamento delle fratture radio-ulnari nei rapaci". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427055.
Pełny tekst źródłaLa traumatologia è una branca molto importante della medicina aviare, specialmente nei rapaci per i quali il volo è una condizione essenziale alla sopravvivenza. Gli attuali metodi di trattamento delle fratture delle ali in queste specie hanno l’obiettivo di ottenere un buon allineamento longitudinale e rotazionale dell’arto, nonché di mantenere la lunghezza del segmento osseo per garantire il ritorno al volo. Le attuali tecniche di riduzione delle fratture del radio e dell’ulna prevedono l’uso di fissatori esterni in configurazione tie-in con un chiodo centromidollare, ma per il peso eccessivo dei mezzi di stabilizzazione delle frattura e della barra di connessione vi sono rischi concreti di cedimento dell’impianto. La tecnica oggetto del presente studio sfrutta la naturale connessione anatomica tra periostio e calamo delle remiganti secondarie per fornire maggiore stabilità e minore peso dell’impianto. Nel presente studio sono stati trattati in totale 15 soggetti con frattura di radio ed ulna e clinicamente sani, 13 dei quali hanno dimostrato la formazione di un callo fibroso entro il 15 giorni dall’intervento e il ritorno al volo entro i 65 giorni dall’intervento. Non solo questa tecnica si è rivelata meno dispendiosa e più semplice da applicare, ma anche più efficace delle tecniche sinora presentate in letteratura.
Holte, Daniel [Verfasser], Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Haase, Martin [Gutachter] Haase i Sven [Gutachter] Renner. "Analysis of partial migration strategies of Central European raptors based on ring re-encounter data / Daniel Holte ; Gutachter: Martin Haase, Sven Renner ; Betreuer: Martin Haase". Greifswald : Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1161846794/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaBarbara, Jean Carlos Alves. "Avaliação do perfil sanitário de urubu-de-cabeça-preta (Coragyps atratus) em ambiente urbano". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10133/tde-18082015-131331/.
Pełny tekst źródłaBlack vulture (Coragyps atratus) is a free-living bird widely distributed across Brazil. These birds feed on rotting carcasses and large groups are commonly found in urban areas, including rubbish dumps. By feeding on decomposing carcasses, they are often exposed to innumerous pathogens. However, the role of infectious microorganisms on vultures health still need to be clarify. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of selected infectious agents, the hematological profile and cloacal microbiota of black vulture in urban areas. Therefore, blood, serum and cloacal swabs were obtained from 120 free-living vultures trapped in Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo, SP. The rapid seroagglutination test (RST) was performed for detection of antibodies against Salmonella Pullorum/Gallinarum, M. synoviae and M. gallisepticum. Furthermore, latex agglutination test was used to detect Cryptococcus neoformans \' antigen. Conventional techniques for hematology, microbiology and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed. From the serum samples analyzed by RST, 15% were positive for M. gallisepticum, antibodies against S. Pullorum/Gallinarum and M. synoviae were not detected. None sample was positive to Cryptococcus neoformans or hemoparasites. Mean and standard deviation from the following hematological values were obtained for 61 birds: erythrocytes (1.8x10¹²/L); leukocytes (13.11x10/L); hemoglobin (10.4 g/dL); hematocrit (48.44%); MCV (275,1 fL); MCH (42 pg); MCHC (15,8 g/dL); total serum protein (3.76 g/dL); heterophils (78%); lymphocytes (13.5%); eosinophils (5.4%); monocytes (2.8%); basophils (0,1%); thrombocyte (14.14x10/L). From 75 bacterial colonies isolated from 20 cloacal swabs, 78.7% were Gram-positive and 21.3% were Gram-negative. Enterococcus sp. was the most frequent genus. Approximately 86.7% of the isolated strains were resistant to at least one of the antibiotic tested. Bacillus sp. and Enterococcus casseliflavus strains shown resistance to seven in eight antibiotics tested. Yeasts were not isolated. The information obtained in this research is of paramount important since few studies have been carried out on the vultures health condition in the world.
Baumgarten, Leandro Claudio 1973. "Dinâmica populacional de aves de rapina e suas presas em áreas abertas de Cerrado". [s.n.], 1998. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315719.
Pełny tekst źródłaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T17:36:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Baumgarten_LeandroClaudio_D.pdf: 2505570 bytes, checksum: 605fa921efad6929c5d1ccf17fe35faa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: Aves de rapina são pouco estudadas no Brasil e existem poucas informações sobre os padrões de dinâmica populacional das espécies que ocorrem no país, assim como os fatores que os influenciam. Com o objetivo de caracterizar a dinâmica populacional de rapineiros e como ela é influenciada pela abundância de presas, foi realizado um acompanhamento de 36 meses das populações de aves de rapina e pequenos mamíferos no Parque Nacional das Emas (Mineiros-GO). Além disto, foram coletadas informações sobre os padrões de atividade das presas para caracterizar mais claramente sua disponibilidade para predadores. A amostragem das presas foi realizada em nove estações de captura, cada uma com 24 armadilhas "pitfall" e a abundância de rapineiros foi a avaliada por censo de carro. Foram realizadas 12 coletas de dados com intervalos de dois meses entre si. Não foi verificada variação de abundância em nenhuma das espécies de aves de rapina entre anos, ao longo do estudo, no entanto a maioria delas apresentou grandes flutuações sazonais. Os dados obtidos sugerem que estas variações foram causadas principalmente pela movimentação das aves para dentro e fora da reserva. Para os pequenos mamíferos não foi encontrada variação sazonal significativa, mas durante 2001 foi registrado um grande aumento na abundância das três espécies mais comuns. A espécie de roedor mais abundante, Bolomys lasiurus, apresentou dinâmicas diferenciadas entre algumas estações de captura. Apesar da considerável variação de abundância das presas não foi detectada uma resposta numérica das aves de rapina no PARNA das Emas ao longo dos três anos de estudo. A comparação deste estudo com outros disponíveis na literatura, sugere que amostragens feitas em áreas mais extensas teriam dificuldade em detectar respostas predatórias, porque não seriam capazes de discriminar pequenas concentrações locais das aves de rapina causadas por aumentos pontuais de disponibilidade de presas
Abstract: Birds of prey are poorly studied in Brazil, and there is few information on patterns of population dynamics of species occurring in the country, as well as factor influencing them. We sample bird of prey and small mammals populations for 36 months aiming to describe raptor population dynamics and how it is influenced by prey abundance in Emas National Park (Mineiros - GO). Furthermore, we collect data on prey daily activity patterns to evaluate their availability for predators. Prey monitoring was performed in nine trapping sites, each one with 24 pitfall traps, raptor sampling was evaluated using car census. We did 12 one-month fieldtrips with two months apart. We did not detected abundance variation among years for any raptor species, although most of them showed seasonal fluctuations. Data gathered suggests these population changes were caused mostly by movements to and from the reserve. We did not find any seasonal fluctuations of small mammals, but we record a major increase of abundance for three of the commonest species. The most abundant species, Bolomys lasiurus, showed different population dynamics among trapping sites. We did no detected numerical response of birds of prey in Emas National Park along this three-year sampling. We compare these data with other studies available, and we suggest that sampling performed in larger areas would hardly detect predatory responses, because it would not be able to discern small local concentrations of raptors caused by increase in prey availability
Doutorado
Ecologia
Doutor em Biologia
Normand, Hélène. "Les rapaces dans les mondes grec et romain : catégorisation, représentations culturelles et pratiques". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30025.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this thesis, our general aim is to try to know what people thought about birds of prey inGreek and Roman Antiquity. We focus first on zoological classes in order to see in what waywe can speak about raptors as a category. We then study the cultural image for the most usualzoonyms in order to find what place these birds have in the imagination. Lastly, through thequestion of the relationships between humans and raptors, we wonder whether these birdscan’t belong to some other categories whose unity is maybe not only zoological
Sivawamy, Ravichandran, i Geethanjali Soundappan. "File-Based Delivery over LTE-Based MBMS". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2914.
Pełny tekst źródła+46723185198, +4917626686238,+4915166808450
Pereira, Ricardo José Garcia. "Acompanhamento comportamental e endócrino da atividade reprodutiva anual de machos de falcões quiri-quiri (Falco sparverius) de vida livre /". Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105951.
Pełny tekst źródłaBanca: José Eduardo Pereira Wilken Bicudo
Banca: Jorge Luiz Berger Albuquerque
Banca: Paulo Henrique Franceschini
Banca: Elisabeth Criscuolo Urbinati
Resumo: Apesar da radiotelemetria ser considerada uma ferramenta valiosa em estudos ornitológicos, algumas teorias relativas ao impacto de radiotransmissores sobre a estimativa de parâmetros comportamentais, ecológicos e reprodutivos podem ser encontradas em literatura. Com o intuito de avaliar os potenciais efeitos fisiológicos de radiotransmissores do tipo mochila em falcões quiri-quiri (Falco sparverius) de vida livre, oito machos desta espécie foram capturados e divididos em dois grupos: indivíduos marcados com radiotransmissores (aproximadamente 5% do peso vivo, n = 6) e indivíduos controle (anilhados, n = 2). Em seguida, amostras fecais foram coletadas duas horas após a captura (dia −1) e durante os dias 0 (definido como o dia de soltura dos animais), 4, 7, 15, 30, 40 e 55. Previamente às análises laboratoriais, o ensaio imunoenzimático para dosagem de glucocorticóides fecais foi testado empregando procedimentos padrões de validação hormonal (paralelismo, curva de dose-resposta, validação fisiológica e coeficientes de variação inter- e intra-ensaio). Em relação aos machos monitorados, ambos os grupos apresentaram um aumento significativo nos níveis de glucocorticóides fecais durante o dia 0 (P < 0,001), mas as concentrações retornaram aos níveis pré-equipagem após 4 dias da soltura. Além disso, os níveis de glucocorticóides fecais não diferiram significativamente entre os falcões radiomarcados e os anilhados durante os 55 dias de monitoramento (P > 0,05). Embora o número de indivíduos neste estudo seja reduzido, estes resultados sugerem que radiotransmissores do tipo mochila não induzem efeitos persistentes sobre a atividade adrenal de machos de falcões quiri-quiri de vida livre. Considerando a literatura consultada, esta é a primeira pesquisa a analisar os efeitos de radiotransmissores sobre a resposta adrecortical de aves de vida livre.
Abstract: Although radiotelemetry is considered a valuable technique for ornithological field studies, several assumptions have been made about the impact that transmitters may cause on the estimation of behavioral, ecological and reproductive parameters. To assess potential effects of backpack radiotransmitters, we captured and assigned 8 male American kestrels (Falco sparverius) in 2 groups: radio-tagged (n = 6) and control individuals (leg-banded, n = 2). Thereafter, we collected feces two hr after capture (day −1), and subsequently during days 0 (releasing day), 1, 4, 7, 15, 30, 40 and 55. Prior to fecal analysis, EIA corticosterone assay was validated using standard procedures (e.g. parallelism, dose-response curve), and physiological significance of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites was confirmed through adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) challenge, which induce an increase of 4-fold (446.10 ± 60.73 ng/ g) above baseline (114.27 ± 15.23 ng/ g) within 4 hr (P < 0.001). Both groups exhibited a significant increase in fecal glucocorticoids during day 0 (P < 0.001), but concentrations returned to pre-attachment values within 4 days. Fecal glucocorticoid concentrations did not differ between samples of radio-tagged and leg-banded kestrels (P > 0.05). In spite of the small number of monitored subjects, these findings suggested that radiotransmitters did not affect adrenocortical activity in male American kestrel. To our knowledge, this is the first research to evaluate the effects of transmitters on stress responses in free-ranging birds.
Doutor
Kross, Sara Mae. "The efficacy of reintroducing the New Zealand falcon into the vineyards of Marlborough for pest control and falcon conservation". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6726.
Pełny tekst źródłaPereira, Ricardo José Garcia [UNESP]. "Acompanhamento comportamental e endócrino da atividade reprodutiva anual de machos de falcões quiri-quiri (Falco sparverius) de vida livre". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105951.
Pełny tekst źródłaFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Apesar da radiotelemetria ser considerada uma ferramenta valiosa em estudos ornitológicos, algumas teorias relativas ao impacto de radiotransmissores sobre a estimativa de parâmetros comportamentais, ecológicos e reprodutivos podem ser encontradas em literatura. Com o intuito de avaliar os potenciais efeitos fisiológicos de radiotransmissores do tipo mochila em falcões quiri-quiri (Falco sparverius) de vida livre, oito machos desta espécie foram capturados e divididos em dois grupos: indivíduos marcados com radiotransmissores (aproximadamente 5% do peso vivo, n = 6) e indivíduos controle (anilhados, n = 2). Em seguida, amostras fecais foram coletadas duas horas após a captura (dia −1) e durante os dias 0 (definido como o dia de soltura dos animais), 4, 7, 15, 30, 40 e 55. Previamente às análises laboratoriais, o ensaio imunoenzimático para dosagem de glucocorticóides fecais foi testado empregando procedimentos padrões de validação hormonal (paralelismo, curva de dose-resposta, validação fisiológica e coeficientes de variação inter- e intra-ensaio). Em relação aos machos monitorados, ambos os grupos apresentaram um aumento significativo nos níveis de glucocorticóides fecais durante o dia 0 (P < 0,001), mas as concentrações retornaram aos níveis pré-equipagem após 4 dias da soltura. Além disso, os níveis de glucocorticóides fecais não diferiram significativamente entre os falcões radiomarcados e os anilhados durante os 55 dias de monitoramento (P > 0,05). Embora o número de indivíduos neste estudo seja reduzido, estes resultados sugerem que radiotransmissores do tipo mochila não induzem efeitos persistentes sobre a atividade adrenal de machos de falcões quiri-quiri de vida livre. Considerando a literatura consultada, esta é a primeira pesquisa a analisar os efeitos de radiotransmissores sobre a resposta adrecortical de aves de vida livre.
Although radiotelemetry is considered a valuable technique for ornithological field studies, several assumptions have been made about the impact that transmitters may cause on the estimation of behavioral, ecological and reproductive parameters. To assess potential effects of backpack radiotransmitters, we captured and assigned 8 male American kestrels (Falco sparverius) in 2 groups: radio-tagged (n = 6) and control individuals (leg-banded, n = 2). Thereafter, we collected feces two hr after capture (day −1), and subsequently during days 0 (releasing day), 1, 4, 7, 15, 30, 40 and 55. Prior to fecal analysis, EIA corticosterone assay was validated using standard procedures (e.g. parallelism, dose-response curve), and physiological significance of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites was confirmed through adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) challenge, which induce an increase of 4-fold (446.10 ± 60.73 ng/ g) above baseline (114.27 ± 15.23 ng/ g) within 4 hr (P < 0.001). Both groups exhibited a significant increase in fecal glucocorticoids during day 0 (P < 0.001), but concentrations returned to pre-attachment values within 4 days. Fecal glucocorticoid concentrations did not differ between samples of radio-tagged and leg-banded kestrels (P > 0.05). In spite of the small number of monitored subjects, these findings suggested that radiotransmitters did not affect adrenocortical activity in male American kestrel. To our knowledge, this is the first research to evaluate the effects of transmitters on stress responses in free-ranging birds.
Monclús, Anglada Laura. "Feathers as a matrix to assess stress response in birds and biomonitor environmental pollutants: an integrative approach". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/565674.
Pełny tekst źródłaLa exposición a la contaminación ambiental es una de las principales amenazas para la salud de los ecosistemas y las poblaciones silvestres. El estrés producido por la contaminación puede causar importantes alteraciones en la fauna, especialmente en los depredadores como las aves rapaces, que además son utilizadas como especies centinelas de su ecosistema. Comprender el mecanismo mediante el cual los organismos hacen frente al estrés ambiental y se adaptan a un medioambiente cambiante es crucial para su conservación. Con este propósito, las hormonas de estrés (en aves la corticosterona) se han utilizado como biomarcadores de estrés ambiental. La corticosterona es la hormona resultante de la activación del eje hipotalámico-hipofisario-adrenal (HPA), elemento clave de la respuesta de estrés. La activación de este eje y su buen funcionamiento permite a los vertebrados mantener la homeóstasis y hacer frente a las perturbaciones ambientales. Por lo tanto, detectar alteraciones en el funcionamiento de este eje (como es el estrés crónico) puede ser utilizado como biomarcador de poblaciones en riesgo y ofrecer información valiosa sobre el estado de salud y eficacia biológica de los animales. Las plumas son la única matriz capaz de proporcionar una medición a largo plazo de corticosterona, y por tanto de reflejar la actividad del eje HPA, de manera retrospectiva e integrada en el tiempo. Además, esta matriz puede reflejar el estado interno de contaminación de una ave, siendo una herramienta muy útil para biomonitorizar contaminación ambiental. No obstante, al ser una matriz relativamente nueva, aún existen algunas incógnitas metodológicas. Además, aunque los contaminantes tienen el potencial de alterar la actividad del eje HPA, hay muy poca información al respecto. El objetivo principal de esta tesis es, por un lado evaluar el uso de las plumas para cuantificar corticosterona como biomarcador de la salud y eficacia biológica de las aves, explorando algunos aspectos metodológicos de esta matriz, y por el otro, evaluar la aplicabilidad de las plumas para biomonitorizar contaminación ambiental estudiando los efectos de los contaminantes en la respuesta adrenal del estrés de las aves. Primero, exploramos la idoneidad de diferentes tipos de plumas para medir corticosterona y contaminantes ambientales. Las concentraciones de corticosterona se compararon entre plumas corporales y plumas primarias de vuelo, que son las más utilizadas en casi todos los estudios previos. Las plumas corporales mostraron una menor variabilidad en los niveles de corticosterona, indicando que este tipo de pluma es más adecuado para obtener información específica en el tiempo y minimizar factores de confusión. Además, se describió por primera vez que el plumón natal de los pollos es útil para biomonitorizar contaminantes, siendo un nuevo método de muestreo no invasivo. En segundo lugar, demostramos que los niveles de corticosterona en plumas corporales son consistentes y estables a lo largo de la generación de la pluma, mientras que varían de un año al otro indicando flexibilidad individual. Además, se validó un protocolo optimizado para extraer corticosterona de las plumas de una forma más ecológica y rápida. En tercer lugar, observamos que concentraciones de corticosterona en pluma pueden predecir mortalidad y fallo reproductivo en el siguiente período, demostrando la utilidad potencial de esta herramienta en programas de manejo de aves. En cuarto lugar, mostramos que los contaminantes más persistentes influyen en la actividad del eje HPA en aves de vida libre, adultos o pollos, pero no en aves en cautiverio. Aunque se encontró una relación positiva entre contaminantes y una alta actividad adrenal, no se observó que los contaminantes afectaran el crecimiento de los pollos y, mediante la evaluación de la dehidroepiandrosterona en plumas, observamos una respuesta adaptativa del eje HPA en adultos. Finalmente, se exploraron diferentes factores fisiológicos y metodológicos que potencialmente podían crear confusión. En general, esta tesis proporciona una evidencia importante de la solidez y utilidad de las plumas corporales para evaluar niveles de corticosterona a largo plazo y su utilidad como biomarcador de la eficacia biológica en aves, así como un avance para comprender los efectos de la contaminación ambiental sobre la respuesta adrenal del estrés en las aves rapaces.
Exposure to environmental pollution has been one of the major threats for ecosystems and wildlife populations. Pollution stress can cause important alterations to wildlife, especially to top predators such as birds of prey, which have been widely used as important sentinels of their ecosystem. Understanding the stress-copping mechanism of organisms is crucial for species conservation. To this purpose, stress hormones (i.e. corticosterone in birds) have been used as biomarkers of challenging or stressful environments. Corticosterone is the endpoint of the hormonal cascade along the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, which is activated under the presence of some stressors. The HPA axis is one of the main regulatory pathways birds use to deal with changes in the environment, and its effective functioning is imperative for maintaining homeostasis. Thus, detecting alterations in the HPA axis activity (i.e. chronic stress) can be used as a biomarker of populations at risk and offer valuable insights regarding population health and fitness. Feathers are the unique matrix able to provide long-term levels of corticosterone as an assessment of long-term adrenal activity with a retrospective insight. Furthermore, feathers can reflect the internal state of contamination, providing a valuable tool for biomonitoring environmental pollutants. However, as a relatively new matrix, feathers still present some methodological issues that need to be addressed for a proper interpretation of data. In addition, very little information exists on the influence of pollutants on the HPA axis activity. The present thesis aimed to evaluate, on one hand the use of feather corticosterone as a biomarker of bird fitness, addressing some methodological issues of this matrix, and on the other, evaluate the applicability of feathers to biomonitor environmental pollution exploring the effects of pollutants on birds adrenal stress response. First, we explored the suitability of different types of feathers to measure corticosterone and environmental pollutants. Corticosterone concentrations were compared between body feathers and flight feathers, which had been used in almost all previous studies. By showing lower variability, body feathers were found to be a more suitable type of feather to sample due to they provide more specific information in time and minimize confounding factors. In addition, nestling down feathers were described as a new non-invasive method for biomonitoring contaminants. Second, we demonstrated consistency and stability of feather corticosterone concentrations in body feathers over the same feather generation, while we found that levels differ from year to year indicating individual flexibility. Furthermore, we validated an optimized protocol for extracting corticosterone from feathers in a more timesaving and ecological way. Third, we observed that high concentrations of feather corticosterone predict mortality rate and reproductive failure the following seasons, demonstrating the potential utility of this metric in bird management programs. Fourth, we showed that the most persistent pollutants influenced the HPA axis activity of free-living birds, either adults or nestlings, but not captive birds. Interestingly, although a positive association was found between these pollutants and high adrenal activity, they were not observed to negatively affect growth development in nestlings, and through assessing dehydroepiandrosterone in feathers, we observed an adaptive response of the HPA axis in adults. Finally, we explored different potential biological and methodological confounding factors. Overall, this thesis provides important evidence for the robustness of body feathers to assess long-term levels of corticosterone and its usefulness as a biomarker of bird fitness, as well as a step forward for understanding the effects of environmental pollution on the adrenal stress response in birds of prey.
Zilio, Felipe. "Composição e diversidade de taxocenoses de aves de rapina diurnas de paisagens abertas da savana uruguaia e floresta úmida com araucária". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/72305.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaptors, as top predators, have large home ranges and low population densities. They are sensitive to human perturbation and habitat degradation; hence raptors are sentinel species and biodiversity indicators. Despite their ecological importance, the biology and ecology of most of the 91 South American raptors is poorly known. The main objectives of this study were to examine the assemblage composition in grasslands of southern Brazil and Uruguay and to investigate its relation with topography and habitat features. To achieve this, 44 roadside transects were conducted in 11 areas. Each transect was survey four times between autumn/2009 and summer/2011. The 176 transects yielded 18,424 contacts of raptors, belonging to 34 species. Roadside line transect is widely used to survey raptors. However, our results suggest that this method could underestimate the species abundance. Roadside point transect seems to be better, especially to survey rare species. Raptors distribution and assemblage composition were related to altitude and habitat availability, and four assemblages could be identified in southeastern South America. Raptor assemblage at Altitudinal grasslands (in the Araucarian Moist Forest ecoregion) had higher abundances of forest raptors than the other regions. Three assemblages were distinguished in the Uruguayan Savannas ecoregion: 1) south Brazilian coastal plain, with species related wetlands and human modified habitats; 2) Serra do Sudeste grasslands, a mix of forest and grassland raptors assemblage, which showed low abundances and lower sensibility to habitat degradation; 3) Uruguayan Savannas, dominated by grasslands species and few forest species usually found in riparian habitats. Four obligate scavengers (Cathartiformes) were recorded. Landscape features appeared to be more important to the assemblage organization than interspecific hierarchy, but the current distribution and abundance of scavengers could have been driven by species persecution and poisoning in the last century. Raptors abundance changed seasonally. Total abundance was significantly higher during summer than winter, and strategies to deal with seasonality varied between species. Four species are complete migrants (two transequatorial and two intratropical), three are partial migrants, but their routes and migration pattern remain poorly understood; and three species are irruptive or nomadic. The grasslands of southern South America have a high diversity of raptors, influenced by topography, habitat availability and seasonality, features that should be taken into account when divising regional conservation policies.
Hailer, Frank. "Conservation Genetics of the White-Tailed Eagle". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6911.
Pełny tekst źródła