Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Raptors

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Raptors”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 10 marca 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Raptors"

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Pratt, Mike. "Raptor Hacking". Wildlife Rehabilitation Bulletin 29, nr 1 (30.06.2011): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53607/wrb.v29.78.

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In the raptor rehabilitation field, hacking is a special procedure for raising juvenile raptors that simulates natural fledging and allows young raptors—those that cannot yet fly and either are still restricted to or just leaving the nest—a gradual acclimation to independence. Hacking also is known as a ‘soft release.’ This paper focuses on hacking raptors and discusses advantages, disadvantages, hacking age, procedures, hack box design and construction, site selection, fledging age of raptor species, and hack release.
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BUIJ, RALPH, i BARBARA M. CROES. "Raptor habitat use in the Lake Chad Basin: insights into the effect of flood-plain transformation on Afrotropical and Palearctic raptors". Bird Conservation International 23, nr 2 (8.04.2013): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270913000014.

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SummaryWest African flood-plains have undergone major land-use transformations in the second half of the 20th century. To obtain insight in the effect of flood-plain development for irrigated rice cultivation on the abundance, richness, and diversity of Palearctic and Afrotropical raptors, we conducted monthly transect surveys covering dry and wet seasons in four major habitats on the Waza-Logone flood-plain of Cameroon: dry grasslands, cultivated grasslands, rice fields, and seasonally flooded grasslands resembling natural flood-plain vegetation. We recorded 36 raptor species among 2,533 individuals, dominated by Black Kite Milvus migrans, which comprised 42% of counts. Although richness and diversity were not related to land-use for Palearctic raptors, Afrotropical raptor diversity was higher on the flooded grasslands compared to the newly created cultivated habitats and dry grasslands. The abundance of Afrotropical raptors did not significantly differ across habitats but was lower in rice-fields when Black Kite and Hooded Vulture Necrosyrtes monachus were excluded. Conversely, Palearctic raptor abundance was highest in post-harvest rice fields, demonstrating the importance of the rice fields as foraging habitat for Palearctic raptors. Further transformation of West Africa’s flood-plains is expected, reducing their capacity for Afrotropical raptors, while Palearctic raptors may benefit from expansion of rice-fields, but more research is needed on their vulnerability to pesticide use.
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Kumar, Sudesh, Asha Sohil, Muzaffar A. Kichloo i Neeraj Sharma. "Landscape heterogeneity affects diurnal raptor communities in a sub-tropical region of northwestern Himalayas, India". PLOS ONE 17, nr 4 (28.04.2022): e0246555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246555.

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Raptors are highly sensitive to environmental and human-induced changes. In addition, several species of raptors exist in considerably small numbers. It is thus critical to conserve raptors and their habitats across relatively larger landscapes. We examined the diurnal raptor assemblages and seasonality in a subtropical habitat in India’s northwestern Himalayas. Quantitative data on diurnal birds of prey and their habitat features across six distinct habitat types were collected from 33 sample sites. We observed 3,434 individuals of 28 diurnal raptors belonging to two orders and three families during a two-year survey from December 2016 to November 2018. A significant variation in bird species richness and abundance was found across habitats and seasons, with farmlands and winters being the most diverse and speciose. The generalized linear model, used to determine raptor community responses, indicated that elevation and proximity to dumping sites significantly affected the raptor abundance. The non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) revealed significant differences in raptor assemblages across the habitat types. The study concluded that raptors’ persistence is largely determined by their preference for favourable feeding, roosting, and nesting opportunities. The presence of protected and habitat-exclusive species validates the high conservation importance of these ecosystems, particularly the forest patches and farmlands, necessitating robust conservation and management measures in this part of northwestern Himalaya.
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Fitzsimons, James A., i Jack Leighton. "Frugivory in Raptors: New Observations from Australia and a Global Review". Birds 2, nr 4 (19.10.2021): 338–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/birds2040025.

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The diets of raptors are some of the best studied and well-known of all bird groups. Raptors are typically carnivores, hunting and feeding on vertebrates and, for some species, invertebrates. Here, we described instances of the Black Kite (Milvus migrans) and Whistling Kite (Haliastur sphenurus) consuming non-native avocado (Persea americana) fruit in commercial orchards in northern Australia, over multiple years. This appears to be the first instance of frugivory by raptors in Australia. We review instances of frugivory for other raptor species globally. This review finds that 29 species of raptor from the families Falconidae, Accipitridae and Cathartidae have been recorded consuming fruit, significantly more than previous reviews.
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Jurisevic, Mark A., i Ken J. Sanderson. "Acoustic discrimination of passerine anti-predator signals by Australian raptors". Australian Journal of Zoology 46, nr 4 (1998): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo97052.

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Acoustic discrimination of anti-predator calls was examined in 11 species of Australian raptors, including 5 Falco species and 2 species of Elanus kites, by their responses to the playback of alarm and distress calls of Australian passerines. The present study investigated the ability of raptors to discriminate between alarm and distress calls that have different acoustic properties and are emitted in different behavioural contexts. The raptors were tested with broad-band calls (containing a wide range of frequencies) given as distress calls, mobbing calls and alarm calls to terrestrial predators, and with narrow-band calls (comprising a narrow range of frequencies) typically given as a response to flying predators. Raptor responses were categorised into three classes based on head orientation (or lack thereof) towards the sound source (i.e. one of 2 or 4 speakers positioned in the cage set-up); (1) ‘correct response’ – the raptor looked directly at the speaker; (2) ‘incorrect response’ – the raptor detected the sound, but oriented the head in a direction other than towards the sound source; (3) ‘no response’. All raptor species showed a higher percentage of correct responses (60–100%) for broad-frequency vocalisations and a lower percentage of correct responses (usually 0–40%) and more incorrect responses for narrow-band vocalisations. Further, all raptors showed a greater rate of overall responsiveness to broad-band alarm and distress calls than narrow-band calls, indicating a higher interest level in the former. The behavioural implications of acoustic discrimination by Australian raptors to different types of alarm call are discussed.
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Ringim, Abubakar S., Samuel T. Ivande, Sulaiman I. Muhammad, Paul T. Apeverga i Harry Hanson Jr. "Only one vulture was detected during transect surveys in northern Nigeria." Vulture News 82 (13.09.2022): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/vulnew.v82i1.2.

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Vulture and raptor populations have declined across West Africa during recent decades due to numerous and widespread anthropogenic threats. To estimate encounter rates of vultures and raptors in northern Nigeria, we conducted a total of 248 km driven transects on 195 km and 53 km of paved and unpaved roads, respectively. We also conducted walked surveys beneath 79 km of power transmission lines to search for dead vultures and raptors; and visited 12 abattoirs, 11 slaughterhouses, and 12 dumpsites to assess the occurrence of vultures and raptors. All fieldwork was done between October and December 2018. Overall, 357 individuals of 23 species were detected, most of which were recorded at low encounter rates. Only one Hooded Vulture Necrosyrtes monachus was recorded across all surveys, and no other vulture species were seen. Yellow-billed Kite Milvus aegyptius, Grasshopper Buzzard Butastur rufipennis, and Black-winged Kite Elanus caeruleus had the highest encounter rates of 0.351, 0.262, and 0.189 individuals km-1, respectively. In contrast, the largest raptor species, Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus, Short-toed Snake Eagle Circaetus gallicus, Beaudouin's Snake-eagle, and Bateleur Terathopius ecaudatus had the lowest encounter rate of 0.004 individuals km-1 (one individual each). No dead vultures or raptors were found during the walked surveys beneath power lines. Although historical data about vulture and raptor distribution and abundance in northern Nigeria are limited, our results show an apparent absence of vultures from the wider landscape and a low density of raptors. Support among local stakeholders for the conservation of vultures and raptors should be encouraged through wider dissemination of information about the importance of these birds, as well as stronger deterrents again illegal killing and trade.
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Giry Xavira Putri, Bambang Agus Suripto i Asman Adi Purwanto. "Keanekaragaman dan Kemelimpahan Burung Pemangsa (Raptor) Migran di Kawasan Bukit 76 Kaliurang, Yogyakarta". Biotropic : The Journal of Tropical Biology 5, nr 1 (27.02.2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29080/biotropic.2021.5.1.1-8.

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Migratory birds are birds that fly or move from their breeding place to their non-breeding location. Migratory birds usually migrate to the southern part of the earth or tropical regions to avoid limited resources during winter in their breeding areas (Bildstein, 2006). Bird of Prey or Raptors are a group of birds that frequently migrate. Raptors carry out-migration in several areas which are commonly referred to as flyways. Indonesia is also part of the flight path for migratory birds (Sukmantoro et al., 2007). At this time there were approximately 17 types of migrant raptors in Indonesia. Research on raptor migration has been carried out for a long time in various regions. In the Yogyakarta area, there have been observations of a migrant raptor, but there are no official publications and research on migrant raptor in the Bukit 76 Kaliurang area, Yogyakarta. Therefore this research was conducted to know about migratory raptor in Yogyakarta. This research was conducted at Bukit 76 Kaliurang, Hargobinangun, Pakem, Yogyakarta. The research was conducted in December 2019-March 2020, July-August 2020, and October-November 2020. This research was conductes through observations in the morning at 07.00-11.00 WIB using birdwatching techniques and purposive methods. The results of this study recorded 1 species of migrant raptor, namely the Oriental Honey-buzzard (Pernis ptilorhynchus) and 2 species of resident raptors, namely the Crested Serpent Eagle (Spilornis cheela) and the Brahminy Kite (Haliastur indus).
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Hockett, Bryan Scott. "Archaeological Significance of Rabbit-Raptor Interactions in Southern California". North American Archaeologist 10, nr 2 (październik 1989): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/vpyb-e14b-fyx9-xapa.

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Taphonomy of small fauna is not as well known as actualistic studies performed with large faunal remains. Yet small fauna like rabbit may dominate an archaeological assemblage. Small fauna was a primary meat source for many prehistoric groups in North America. Raptors also damage and disperse rabbit bones. Taphonomic research with rabbit-raptor interactions was undertaken in a lacustrine environment in southern California to determine the role played by raptors in damaging and dispersing rabbit bones which may subsequently be introduced into archaeological sites. Raptors often damage, disperse, and accumulate rabbit bones in a number of areas, including open-air localities and within abandoned human structures. Potential diagnostic characteristics of rabbit bones damaged by raptors are offered as baseline end-effects of raptors exploiting rabbit carcasses. Archaeologists can compare rabbit bones excavated from archaeological sites to these bones known to be damaged by raptors. This information is crucial to archaeologists for accurately interpreting rabbit bones modified by human action, and thus past subsistence strategies over time.
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Nourani, Elham, Kamran Safi, Noriyuki M. Yamaguchi i Hiroyoshi Higuchi. "Raptor migration in an oceanic flyway: wind and geography shape the migratory route of grey-faced buzzards in East Asia". Royal Society Open Science 5, nr 3 (marzec 2018): 171555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171555.

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Flapping flight is relatively costly for soaring birds such as raptors. To avoid costly flight, migrating raptors generally avoid flying over water. As a result, all but one of the global raptor migration flyways are largely over land. The East Asian oceanic flyway for raptors is the exception. Raptor species using this flyway migrate by island-hopping, flying over open ocean for distances of up to 300 km between islands. We used satellite telemetry data for grey-faced buzzards Butastur indicus , a species that dominates the southern part of the flyway, to investigate the geographical and atmospheric factors responsible for the suitability of this flyway for raptor migration. Using a combination of least-cost path analysis and a step selection function, we found that the occurrence of numerous islands and also suitable wind support along the oceanic flyway are responsible for route selection in grey-faced buzzards. These results confirm the role of islands, but also wind, in shaping the East Asian oceanic flyway of long-distance raptor migration.
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Denac, Katarina. "Census of migrating raptors at Breginjski Stol (NW Slovenia) - the first confirmed bottleneck site in Slovenia". Acrocephalus 31, nr 145-146 (1.01.2010): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10100-010-0005-6.

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Census of migrating raptors at Breginjski Stol (NW Slovenia) - the first confirmed bottleneck site in Slovenia From 4 to 31 May 2010, raptor migration was monitored daily between 9.00 and 17.00 hrs CET at Breginjski Stol (NW Slovenia). In all, 2,385 raptor passes were counted, belonging to at least 17 species that were divided into resident and migratory birds. Residents (n = 875 passes) foraged, bred or daily migrated over the area. Among them, Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus was the most frequent species (n = 575 passes) with the largest observed group of 35 individuals on 26 May. In the morning, Griffon Vultures were flying from west to east in search of food, whereas in the afternoon they were returning in the opposite direction to their colony in Forgaria nel Friuli (Italy). Their numbers increased after 15 May, when Croatian Griffons joined those from Italy. Altogether, 1,510 individuals of migratory raptors were counted, belonging to at least nine species. Among them, Honey Buzzard Pernis apivorus was the most common (1,368 ind., 90.6% of migratory raptors). The migration peak was reached on 14 May, with 552 individuals. Most raptors were seen migrating solitarily or in small flocks (2-4 ind.), whereas on five days (4, 7, 11, 13, 14 May) over 20% of all observed flocks were either medium-sized (5-15 ind.) or large (> 15 ind.). Raptors mostly migrated between 9.00 and 13.00 hrs. Taking into consideration several factors - short observation period and limited number of observation hours per day, overlooked raptors due to human- and topography-related causes, movements of observers between observation points, extremely bad weather and night migration of raptors - we estimate that the actual number of migratory raptors that passed Breginjski Stol in spring 2010 was 3,060-4,660 individuals. Thus, Breginjski Stol is the first confirmed bottleneck site of European importance for migratory raptors in Slovenia, as defined by BirdLife International IBA criterion B1iv, and a natural continuation of migratory pathways from northern Italy.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Raptors"

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Graca, Kathleen. "Raptors of Maleficium". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1489803745718878.

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Nyström, Jesper. "Predator-prey interactions of raptors in an arctic environment". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Zoology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-259.

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This thesis concerns the predator-prey interactions of three raptor species in a Swedish arctic community: the gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus), the rough-legged buzzard (Buteo lagopus) and the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos).

The gyrfalcon behaved like a highly specialised ptarmigan (Lagopus spp.) predator. Gyrfalcon’s functional response to ptarmigan was close to density independent, and ptarmigan remained the dominating prey even in areas with the lowest ptarmigan density. The gyrfalcon did not respond functionally to microtine rodents (i.e. lemmings and voles) and it was clear that the gyrfalcon did not use microtines as an alternative prey category to ptarmigan. As the gyrfalcons did not switch to any alternative prey when ptarmigan was scarce, their reproductive success seemed to be directly dependent on the amount of ptarmigan available in the breeding territories. Of the two ptarmigan species in the study area, rock ptarmigan (L. mutus) dominated gyrfalcon’s diet. Locally, the proportion of rock ptarmigan in gyrfalcons’ diets showed a positive relationship to the expected availability of rock ptarmigan in the breeding territories, indicating a density dependent utilisation.

The rough-legged buzzard behaved like a highly specialised microtine rodent predator and Norwegian lemming (Lemmus lemmus) was its preferred microtine species. The buzzards showed a type 2 functional response to lemmings. Surprisingly though, they also had a type 3 functional response to grey-sided voles (Clethrionomus rufocanus). We present an optimal diet model where a central place forager, during good food conditions, benefits from partial prey preference, which renders separate functional responses to each prey category. We discuss how the double functional responses of the buzzard affect the population dynamics of sympatric vole species, on both temporal and spatial scales.

The golden eagle behaved like a generalist predator, and it preyed on all major prey categories in the study area: microtines, ptarmigan, mountain hare, (Lepus timidus) and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). It seemed to respond functionally to microtine rodent fluctuations with an increased consumption of lemmings during a peak year in the microtine rodent cycle. The golden eagle showed a numerical response to its main prey, the ptarmigan.

Ptarmigan, microtine rodents and hares seemed to have synchronized population fluctuations in the study area. Such synchronized population fluctuations are believed to be generated by predation. Although the three raptors are the main predators of their community, their predation patterns fail to explain the observed prey population dynamics in the study area.

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Nyström, Jesper. "Predator-prey interactions of raptors in an arctic community /". Stockholm : Zoologiska institutionen, Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-259.

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Potapov, Eugene Roald. "Ecology and energetics of Rough-legged Buzzard (Buteo lagopus) in the Kolyma River lowlands". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358727.

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Hodder, Kathryn H. "The common buzzard in lowland UK : relationships between food availability, habitat use and demography". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340525.

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Chan, Kar-yan Karin, i 陳嘉欣. "An evaluation on the conservation effort on raptors in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255772.

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Kaneda, Hiroshi. "Predatory behavior of Nisaetus and reversed sexual-size dimorphism in raptors". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/124449.

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Thomson, Victoria K. "Sea change for Australia's coastal raptors: the cost of urban living". Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/408097.

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The conversion of natural environments into land useful for human habitation has many effects on biodiversity and can alter the way terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems function. Urbanisation is particularly potent in coastal areas, where birds of prey have often been recognised as indicators of environmental health. In Australia, four coastal raptor species are present: White-bellied Sea-Eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster), Eastern Osprey (Pandion haliaetus cristatus), Brahminy Kite (Haliastur indus) and Whistling Kite (Haliastur sphenurus). Coastal raptors are important vectors of nutrient transport between marine and terrestrial systems and are key players in structuring biological communities. Most coastal raptor research has been in southern Australia where populations are in decline. However, little has been conducted in the urbanising region of South-East Queensland (SEQ). This thesis addressed urbanisation impacts on Australia’s coastal raptors in SEQ including breeding habits, physical impacts, rehabilitation outcomes and the importance of protected areas. Chapter 2 discussed Eastern Ospreys and their ability to adapt to urban areas and nest on artificial structures. This behaviour was investigated in two regions of SEQ: urbanised Moreton Bay Marine Park (MBMP) and rural Great Sandy Marine Park (GSMP). Most nests in MBMP were on artificial structures, while in GSMP most were on natural structures. This chapter showed that Eastern Ospreys have a high propensity for nesting on artificial structures when close to urban environments and that additional nesting platforms should be erected to avoid the risks associated with nesting on unsafe structures. Physical threats in urban landscapes are many and varied for Australia’s coastal raptors. These threats were investigated in Chapter 3, where admissions to Currumbin Wildlife Hospital Foundation (CWH) were analysed. Most birds were admitted from anthropogenic causes, most significantly from fishing equipment entanglement. Bird attack and vehicle strike were also significant. This is the first time fishing equipment entanglement has been quantified as a significant cause of injury to coastal raptors. This chapter highlights the importance of public education on the threats fishing equipment can cause to local wildlife. Although the majority of coastal raptors admitted to CWH were released, assessing rehabilitation success of raptors has been rarely attempted. Rehabilitation is intensive, expensive and the success rates post-release are rarely investigated. In Chapter 4, 28 banded coastal raptors and 2 White-bellied Sea-Eagles, fitted with GPS tracking devices, were monitored post-release. Band return was low but both tagged White-bellied Sea-Eagles survived beyond the crucial six week period, suggesting successful rehabilitation. Home ranges were much larger than previously reported for this species and illustrates how GPS tracking can enhance our knowledge of the ecology of these raptors. Chapter 5 explored trends in the presence of these species in SEQ using three datasets. Long-term data from Queensland Wader Study Group, habitat loss data from Global Forest Watch and nest location data were used to explore temporal trends in species sightings and cumulative habitat loss in Moreton Bay. White-bellied Sea-Eagle and Whistling Kite sightings decreased with increased cumulative tree cover loss while nest location data showed that coastal raptors were nesting in protected areas. These findings suggests that these areas are critical for their persistence in the region. This thesis showed that while many processes threaten the coastal raptors of SEQ, management is possible with education and innovative measures. Watercourses and protected areas were critically important for coastal raptors in urban areas, where fishing equipment entanglement is a key threat. Rehabilitation of coastal raptors by CWH is often successful and could be critical for the management of species populations and mitigation of threats. Furthermore, the benefits of GPS tracking in increasing our knowledge of the ecology of coastal raptors was clearly demonstrated. Although susceptible to many threats, the coastal raptors of SEQ showed resilience and adaptability, finding opportunities to breed in the protected areas of Moreton Bay. Eastern Ospreys have the ability to nest on various structures within the urban landscape and although risky, this behaviour shows that breeding platforms could be erected in urban areas to encourage ospreys to avoid dangerous nest sites and reduce competitive pressures for nesting space with the other species. The information presented in this thesis will contribute significantly to our knowledge on Eastern Ospreys, White-bellied Sea-Eagles, Whistling Kites and Brahminy Kites in coastal South-East Queensland.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environment and Sc
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Hobbs, Royden J. "Breeding biology and spatial relationships of desert grassland raptors and corvids". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280613.

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Red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), Swainson's hawks (Buteo swainsoni), great horned owls (Bubo virginiaus), and ravens (Covus corax and C. cryptoleucus) occur sympatrically in desert grasslands in Arizona. Desert grasslands have been invaded by trees since Anglo-American settlement. They may also be subject to greater human disturbance than historically, because of recent increases in illegal immigration along the U.S.-Mexico border. These changes may affect the abundance, diversity, competitive interactions, and reproductive success of raptors and corvids in desert grasslands. I studied raptors and corvids on the Santa Rita Experimental Range (SRER) and Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge (BANWR) in southern Arizona. My objectives were to (1) assess how spatial relationships among nesting raptors and corvids affect reproductive success, (2) identify characteristics of the environment selected by members of the assemblage for nest sites and home ranges, (3) identify similarities and differences in nest site and home-range characteristics among species, and (4) investigate how anthropogenic changes in desert grasslands have affected raptors and corvids. Productivity (x̄ [95% CI]) was high for red-tailed hawks on the SRER (1.82 [1.41, 2.23] young per breeding pair [YPB]), but low for all species on the BANWR (great horned owls: 0.96 [0.54, 1.38] YPB; ravens: 1.75 [1.39, 2.10]; red-tailed hawks: 1.04[0.83, 1.24]; Swainson's hawks: 0.91 [0.67, 1.16]) relative to range-wide averages (great horned owls: 1.42 [1.27, 1.56]; ravens: 2.39 [2.70, 3.07]; red-tailed hawks: 1.35 [1.20, 1.50]; Swainson's hawks: 1.34 [1.23, 1.45]). All species on both sites selected nest sites with taller nest trees and greater tree volume than available at random. Swainson's hawks selected home ranges with greater grass volume than available on BANWR. Overlap in habitat use was high among all species, exceeding 54% for nest trees, 80% for nest sites, and 90% for home ranges. Mesquite-dominated desert grasslands seemed to provide high quality habitat for red-tailed hawks on the SRER, but reproductive success for assemblage members on BANWR was poor. We suggest that competition, resulting from high habitat overlap, and human disturbance by illegal immigrants, has depressed raptor and corvid reproductive success on the BANWR.
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Monsalvo, Julio Amaro Betto. "Geographical variation and current knowledge on breeding patterns of Neotropical accipitrid raptors". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2018. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/32507.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ecologia, 2018.
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Estudos de história de vida em aves frequentemente restringem-se ao paradigma latitudinal de variação nos tamanhos de ninhada, ignorando o valor dos trade-offs entre os diferentes parâmetros, como o comprimento da estação reprodutiva (breeding season length; BSL). Acredita-se que este parâmetro apresente também uma clina latitudinal, com um aumento da duração em direção aos trópicos. Também há evidências de variação latitudinal nas estações reprodutivas entre táxons próximos, mas há muito se debate a capacidade de aves de baixas latitudes responder a mudanças no comprimento do dia. Resultados de estudos feitos na América do Sul e no Hemisfério Sul como um todo desafiam o paradigma latitudinal de BSLs. A maioria dessas pesquisas foca em comunidades de Passeriformes, ignorando espécies de maior tamanho corporal como rapinantes, mas é essencial verificar se os padrões se sustentam entre diferentes clados de aves. Além disso, esse conhecimento pode ser relevante para o manejo e conservação das espécies. Analisei a ocorrência de variações geográficas em parâmetros reprodutivos de Accipitridae neotropicais. No primeiro Capítulo, motivado pela ausência de uma revisão recente e abrangente do estado-da-arte que englobasse toda a região Neotropical, examinei lacunas no conhecimento sobre a biologia reprodutiva dessas aves. Compilei 457 referências bibliográficas, produzidas desde a última revisão similar (Bierregaard 1995), com registros reprodutivos de 56 espécies. Ainda que 66% destas espécies tenham apresentado incrementos no estado de conhecimento, para sete o ninho ainda não foi descrito, e/ou há uma completa ausência de informação sobre comportamentos reprodutivos. Dentre estas, o antigo “clado Leucopternis” segue como o caso mais problemático. Forneço uma classificação atualizada de níveis de conhecimento sobre a biologia reprodutiva dos Accipitriformes neotropicais, e apresento uma lista de 24 espécies prioritárias para estudos sobre biologia reprodutiva, considerando tanto lacunas no conhecimento quanto atual relevância para a conservação. A revisão realizada no Capítulo 1 serviu de base e viabilizou as análises do Capítulo 2, usando dados do clado ‘buteonines’, um diversificado grupo monofilético de Accipitridae, com biologia reprodutiva relativamente bem conhecida. Verifiquei nesse Capítulo se esses raptores apresentam padrões de variação geográfica nas estações reprodutivas. Obtive 1541 registros de ninhos de 27 espécies da região Neotropical, da literatura e também de 16 coleções de ovos em museus. Os registros foram divididos em amostras (‘units’), entre diferentes faixas latitudinais, de acordo com a filogenia e atributos ecológicos e biogeográficos relevantes, e também entre ecorregiões. Diferenças significativas foram encontradas entre as estimativas de início da estação reprodutiva (initiation of the breeding season; IOB) de diferentes faixas latitudinais: as médias de populações tropicais do sul divergiram daquelas tanto das populações tropicais do norte (ANOVA; Q = 5,987; P < 0,001) quanto das temperadas do sul (Q = 6,731; P < 0,001). Estimativas de IOB são negativamente correlacionadas com a latitude (r = -0,667, r² = 0,445, P = 0,018). Valores de BSL variaram significativamente menos que os de IOB (testes a posteriori Fligner-Kileen para coeficientes de variação), e não encontrei suporte para a predição de que duração das estações reprodutivas das populações de diferentes espécies em uma mesma faixa latitudinal divergem significativamente das de outras faixas. Além disso, populações migrantes e não-migrantes não tiveram BSLs significativamente distintos, e nenhum tipo de “efeito de ilha” ocorreu com os BSLs de populações insulares em vários níveis de isolamento. As estações reprodutivas de buteonines iniciam muito mais cedo que as de Passeriformes, e provavelmente também que as de outros Accipitridae, tanto em uma mesma área quanto em outras regiões do globo. Há um padrão de clinas latitudinais nos IOBs, com as estações reprodutivas começando até 100 dias antes do equinócio em ambas as faixas tropicais, porém mais atrasadas na faixa temperada. Essas conclusões sugerem que estímulos de comprimento dos dias sejam a principal causa proximal definindo o início das estações reprodutivas dessas aves. Também sugiro que imprevisibilidade climática não necessariamente selecionaria maiores estações reprodutivas em aves; e demonstrei que, entre buteonines neotropicais, BSLs de migrantes de curtas distâncias são muito similares aos de não-migrantes, indicando ausência de restrições temporais para sua reprodução. Isolamento reprodutivo e/ou evolutivo de populações insulares por si só pode não levar a uma maior divergência em parâmetros reprodutivos em relação a populações continentais. Devido a escassez de dados comportamentais e ecológicos para a maioria destas espécies, especialmente no norte e centro da América do Sul, ressalto a relevância de conduzir estudos detalhados com populações distintas, e evidencio como a cuidadosa análise de coleções oológicas pode preencher algumas lacunas de conhecimento. Também demonstro como pesquisas podem prover novas evidências e postular hipóteses testáveis, mesmo com dados muito distantes do ideal.
Avian life-history studies are mostly restricted to the latitudinal paradigm of clutch-size variation, ignoring the value of trade-offs between the different parameters. One of these parameters is the breeding season length (therefore, BSL), considered to also present a latitudinal cline, increasing toward the tropics. Moreover, there is evidence that nesting seasons diverge latitudinally among closely-related taxa, but the perception of day-length variation by birds at lower latitudes has long been debated. Results from studies conducted in South America and through the Southern Hemisphere challenges BSL’s latitudinal paradigm. Most of these studies focus on passerine communities, overlooking larger species such as raptors, but it is essential to verify if patterns hold true across bird clades. Also, such knowledge about breeding biology is relevant for species’ management and conservation. I analyzed the occurrence of geographical variation in breeding parameters of Neotropical accipitrid raptors. In the first Chapter, motivated by the lack of a recent, comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art spanning the entire Neotropics, I examined gaps of knowledge on these birds’ breeding biology. I compiled 457 references, produced since the last similar review (Bierregaard 1995), that reported breeding of 56 species. Although 66% of the evaluated species had an improvement on the state of knowledge, for seven species nests have not been described yet, and/or there is a complete absence of information about their breeding behavior. Among these, the former “Leucopternis clade” remains the most problematic case. I provide an update of current levels of knowledge about the breeding biology of Neotropical Accipitriformes, and present a list of 24 priority species for breeding biology studies, considering both information gaps and current conservation relevance. The review performed on Chapter 1 was the baseline and allowed the analyses made in Chapter 2, that used data of the buteonines clade, a diversified monophyletic group of accipitrid raptors, with relatively well-known breeding biology. In the second Chapter, I verified whether these raptors present patterns of geographical variation in breeding seasonality. I obtained 1541 nest records from 27 species of the Neotropical region, from literature and also 16 museum egg collections. Records were divided between samples (‘units’), among latitudinal ranges, according to phylogeny and relevant ecological and biogeographical traits, and also between ecoregions. Significant differences were found between estimates of initiation of the breeding season (IOB) from different latitudinal ranges: the means of southern tropical units differed from those of both northern tropical (ANOVA; Q = 5.987; P < 0.001) and southern temperate ones (Q = 6.731; P < 0.001). Estimates of IOB are also negatively correlated with latitude (r = -0.667; r² = 0.445; P = 0.018). Values of BSL varied significantly less than those of IOB (a posteriori Fligner-Kileen tests for coefficients of variation), and I found no support for the prediction that breeding season lengths of populations of different species within a same latitudinal range will significantly diverge from other ranges’. Also, migrants and non-migrant units had no significantly different BSLs, and no kind of “island effect” occured with BSLs of units on islands, in any level of isolation. Neotropical buteonine’s breeding seasons start earlier than those of passerines, and probably earlier than other accipitrids, either in the same range or elsewhere. There is a pattern of latitudinal clines in the IOBs as their seasons start up to 100 days before vernal equinox in both tropical ranges, but later on the temperate range. These findings suggest that day-length stimuli are the main proximate clues determining the onset of their breeding seasons. I also suggest that unpredictability on climate do not necessarily select for longer breeding seasons in birds, and demonstrate that among Neotropical buteonines, short-distance migrants have BSLs very similar to those of non-migrants, indicating no substantial time-constraints for their breeding activities. Reproductive and/or evolutionary isolation of insular populations alone may not select for increasing divergence in breeding parameters, relative to mainland populations. Due to the scarcity of ecological and behavioral data for most of these species, particularly in northern and central South America, I highlight the relevance of conducting detailed studies with different populations, and also how scrutiny of oological collections could fill some gaps of knowledge. I also demonstrate how, even with data far from ideal, research can provide new evidence and put forward testable hypotheses.
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Książki na temat "Raptors"

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Raptors. New York: Crabtree Pub. Co., 1998.

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Raptors. New York: NBM, 1999.

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Judith, Wilkinson, red. Raptors. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 2011.

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Goodman, Michael E. Toronto Raptors. Mankato, MN: Creative Education, 1997.

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Boal, Clint W., i Cheryl R. Dykstra, red. Urban Raptors. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-841-1.

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Toronto Raptors. Edina, MN: ABDO Pub. Company, 2012.

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Hogan, Ray. The raptors. [Bath?]: Gunsmoke, 2010.

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1925-, Berg Ken E., red. Toronto Raptors. Edina, Minn: Abdo & Daughters Pub., 1997.

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Hogan, Ray. The raptors. Boston, Mass: G.K. Hall, 1985.

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Hogan, Ray. The raptors. Waterville, Maine: Thorndike Press, 2012.

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Części książek na temat "Raptors"

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Redig, Patrick T., Michelle Willette i Julia Ponder. "Raptors". W Zoo Animal and Wildlife Immobilization and Anesthesia, 459–72. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118792919.ch27.

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Arent, Lori R., Michelle Willette i Gail Buhl. "Raptors as Victims and Ambassadors: Raptor Rehabilitation, Education, and Outreach". W Urban Raptors, 229–45. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-841-1_16.

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Boal, Clint W. "Urban Raptor Communities: Why Some Raptors and Not Others Occupy Urban Environments". W Urban Raptors, 36–50. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-841-1_3.

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Serrano, David. "Dispersal in Raptors". W Birds of Prey, 95–121. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73745-4_4.

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Bildstein, Keith L., i Jean-François Therrien. "Urban Birds of Prey: A Lengthy History of Human-Raptor Cohabitation". W Urban Raptors, 3–17. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-841-1_1.

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Bierregaard, Richard O. "Barred Owls: A Nocturnal Generalist Thrives in Wooded, Suburban Habitats". W Urban Raptors, 138–51. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-841-1_10.

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Cooke, Raylene, Fiona Hogan, Bronwyn Isaac, Marian Weaving i John G. White. "Powerful Owls: Possum Assassins Move into Town". W Urban Raptors, 152–65. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-841-1_11.

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Conway, Courtney J. "Burrowing Owls: Happy Urbanite or Disgruntled Tenant?" W Urban Raptors, 166–79. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-841-1_12.

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Pagel, Joel E., Clifford M. Anderson, Douglas A. Bell, Edward Deal, Lloyd Kiff, F. Arthur McMorris, Patrick T. Redig i Robert Sallinger. "Peregrine Falcons: The Neighbors Upstairs". W Urban Raptors, 180–95. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-841-1_13.

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Dwyer, James F., Sofi Hindmarch i Gail E. Kratz. "Raptor Mortality in Urban Landscapes". W Urban Raptors, 199–213. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-841-1_14.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Raptors"

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Mukhamedjanova, Aleese, Trinity Lundemo i Sally Shady. "A Sustainable Approach to Designing a Bird Wing Prosthesis". W ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-95725.

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Abstract Raptors are some of the most threatened birds around the globe, with 18% of raptor species being in danger of extinction and 52% with declining populations. Many birds that are brought into rescue centers with a complicated wing injury must be euthanized. In very rare cases, such birds may alternatively have their wing amputated, often leaving them grounded and unbalanced. Many raptors are endangered, and as predators at the top of their food chains, the loss of these birds from the ecosystem leads to severe environmental upheavals that can affect the daily lives of people. Thus, euthanasia and rehabilitation are not sustainable solutions with regards to raptors with broken wings. Alternatively, this study proposes a transhumeral prosthetic wing that can allow amputee raptors to potentially fly again. A series of biomechanical analyses were performed along with a material analysis to create a three-dimensional model of a prosthetic wing. An analysis of forces and flapping gait during flight was conducted, which, to our knowledge, has not previously been done. Environmentally friendly polymers that consist of PLA and beta-keratin were assessed to determine feasibility in a wing prosthesis. A finite element analysis (FEA) was performed and revealed that the sustainable PLA and beta-keratin material has sufficient mechanical properties to withstand the kinetics of extended flight, improving the model’s structural integrity.
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Poon, W. K., C. J. Wong, K. Abdullah, E. S. Lim i C. K. Teo. "Quantification of migratory raptors using digital single reflex camera". W 2011 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering (CHUSER). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chuser.2011.6163844.

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Poon, W. K., K. Abdullah, C. J. Wong, E. S. Lim i C. K. Teo. "Comparison thresholding method for migratory raptors counting system accuracy". W 2012 IEEE Symposium on E-Learning, E-Management and E-Services (IS3e). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/is3e.2012.6414953.

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Sarfraz, Sana, i Jack Langelaan. "Autonomous Ground-Based Tracking of Migrating Raptors using Vision". W AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-7444.

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Jiménez-Gómez, Pedro, José Esteban García de los Ríos, María José Pozuelo, Francisco Llinares Pinel i Rosa del Campo. "β-lactam Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Raptors in Spain". W Proceedings of the II International Conference on Environmental, Industrial and Applied Microbiology (BioMicroWorld2007). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812837554_0100.

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Saggese, Miguel. "Survey of Lead Toxicosis in Free-ranging Raptors from Central Argentina". W Ingestion of Spent Lead Ammunition: Implications for Wildlife and Humans. The Peregrine Fund, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4080/ilsa.2009.0211.

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Crowley, Brooke, Bruce Haak i Clément Bataille. "STRONTIUM AND HYDROGEN ISOTOPES CAN EFFECTIVELY ESTIMATE NATAL ORIGIN FOR MIGRATORY RAPTORS". W GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-315367.

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Stephens, Robert. "Risk Assessment of Lead Poisoning in Raptors Caused by Recreational Shooting of Prairie Dogs". W Ingestion of Spent Lead Ammunition: Implications for Wildlife and Humans. The Peregrine Fund, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4080/ilsa.2009.0212.

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Booms, Travis. "Detection Probability of Gyrfalcons and other Cliff-Nesting Raptors During Aerial Surveys in Alaska." W Gyrfalcons and Ptarmigan in a Changing World. The Peregrine Fund, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4080/gpcw.2011.0124.

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Dietl, John M., i Ephrahim Garcia. "Kinematic Variation and Modeling for Design in Ornithoptic Flight". W ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82035.

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During soaring forward flight, larger birds such as raptors generate most of their lift in a manner consistent with the lift generated by fixed-wing aircraft. However, in flapping flight there is an additional flow field that must be superimposed to account for thrust generated. The aerodynamic forces can be analyzed using conventional strip theory techniques and integrated across the wingspan and over the entire flapping cycle. Oscillating wing pitch causes the lift vector to contribute to forward thrust and effects useful angles of attack. This paper seeks to predict which kinematic parameters of flapping flight will allow for sustained forward flight. Using a mathematical model for flapping flight and a genetic algorithm, kinematic parameters are selected that provide sufficient lift and thrust while attenuating aerodynamic power consumption. The results show that separate degrees of freedom are necessary for twisting and heaving motions to yield acceptable flight conditions.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Raptors"

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Mitchell, Wilma A., Chester O. Martin, Russell F. Theriot, W. A. Mitchell i M. P. Guilfoyle. Riparian Raptors Potentially Impacted by USACE Reservoir Operations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, kwiecień 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada378046.

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Marr, Jeffrey, Edward Walsh, JoAnn McGee, Julia Ponder, Peggy Nelson, Lori Arent, Christopher Milliren, Christopher Feist i Pat Redig. Detection and Perception of Sound by Eagles and Surrogate Raptors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), grudzień 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1763993.

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Washbum, Brian E. Hawks and Owls. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, grudzień 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7208741.ws.

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Hawks and owls can negatively impact a variety of human interests, including important natural resources, livestock and game bird production, human health and safety, and companion animals. Conflicts between raptors and people generally are localized and often site-specific. However, the economic and social impacts to the individuals involved can be severe. Despite the problems they may cause, hawks and owls provide important benefits and environmental services. Raptors are popular with birdwatchers and much of the general public. They also hunt and kill large numbers of rodents, reducing crop damage and other problems. Hawks and owls are classified into four main groups, namely accipiters, buteos, falcons, and owls. All hawks and owls in the United States are federally pro-tected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 USC, 703−711). Hawks and owls typically are protected under state wildlife laws or local ordinances, as well. These laws strictly prohibit the capture, killing, or possession of hawks or owls (or their parts) without a special permit (e.g., Feder-al Depredation Permit), issued by the USFWS. State-issued wildlife damage or depredation permits also may be required.
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Ciccarelli, G., M. Subudhi i R. Hall. Raptor Gas Gun Testing Experiment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), czerwiec 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/770456.

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Bruss, Donald Eugene, i Benedict Campbell. RAPTURE User's Manual. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzec 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1608512.

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Ponton, David A. Raptor Use of the Rio Grande Gorge. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzec 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1209319.

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Luby, M., A. Shokrollahi, M. Watson, T. Stockhammer i L. Minder. RaptorQ Forward Error Correction Scheme for Object Delivery. RFC Editor, sierpień 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc6330.

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Luby, M., A. Shokrollahi, M. Watson i T. Stockhammer. Raptor Forward Error Correction Scheme for Object Delivery. RFC Editor, październik 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc5053.

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Watson, M., T. Stockhammer i M. Luby. Raptor Forward Error Correction (FEC) Schemes for FECFRAME. RFC Editor, sierpień 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc6681.

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Eis, K. E., T. H. Vonder Haar, J. Forsythe, Takmeng Wong i D. L. Reinke. RAPTOR Transmissivity and Cloud Climatology Study. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), styczeń 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10183312.

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