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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Raptor”

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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 10 marca 2023

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1

Pratt, Mike. "Raptor Hacking". Wildlife Rehabilitation Bulletin 29, nr 1 (30.06.2011): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53607/wrb.v29.78.

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In the raptor rehabilitation field, hacking is a special procedure for raising juvenile raptors that simulates natural fledging and allows young raptors—those that cannot yet fly and either are still restricted to or just leaving the nest—a gradual acclimation to independence. Hacking also is known as a ‘soft release.’ This paper focuses on hacking raptors and discusses advantages, disadvantages, hacking age, procedures, hack box design and construction, site selection, fledging age of raptor species, and hack release.

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Lee, Stella. "Raptor". Pleiades: Literature in Context 42, nr 1 (marzec 2022): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/plc.2022.0039.

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Bronzwaer, T., J. Davelaar, Z. Younsi, M. Mościbrodzka, H. Falcke, M. Kramer i L. Rezzolla. "RAPTOR". Astronomy & Astrophysics 613 (maj 2018): A2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732149.

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Context. Observational efforts to image the immediate environment of a black hole at the scale of the event horizon benefit from the development of efficient imaging codes that are capable of producing synthetic data, which may be compared with observational data. Aims. We aim to present RAPTOR, a new public code that produces accurate images, animations, and spectra of relativistic plasmas in strong gravity by numerically integrating the equations of motion of light rays and performing time-dependent radiative transfer calculations along the rays. The code is compatible with any analytical or numerical spacetime. It is hardware-agnostic and may be compiled and run both on GPUs and CPUs. Methods. We describe the algorithms used in RAPTOR and test the code’s performance. We have performed a detailed comparison of RAPTOR output with that of other radiative-transfer codes and demonstrate convergence of the results. We then applied RAPTOR to study accretion models of supermassive black holes, performing time-dependent radiative transfer through general relativistic magneto-hydrodynamical (GRMHD) simulations and investigating the expected observational differences between the so-called fast-light and slow-light paradigms. Results. Using RAPTOR to produce synthetic images and light curves of a GRMHD model of an accreting black hole, we find that the relative difference between fast-light and slow-light light curves is less than 5%. Using two distinct radiative-transfer codes to process the same data, we find integrated flux densities with a relative difference less than 0.01%. Conclusions. For two-dimensional GRMHD models, such as those examined in this paper, the fast-light approximation suffices as long as errors of a few percent are acceptable. The convergence of the results of two different codes demonstrates that they are, at a minimum, consistent.

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Singla, Samriddhi, Ahmed Eldawy, Rami Alghamdi i Mohamed F. Mokbel. "Raptor". Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 12, nr 12 (sierpień 2019): 1950–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3352063.3352107.

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Bronzwaer, T., Z. Younsi, J. Davelaar i H. Falcke. "RAPTOR". Astronomy & Astrophysics 641 (wrzesień 2020): A126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038573.

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Context. Accreting supermassive black holes are sources of polarized radiation that propagates through highly curved spacetime before reaching the observer. Accurate and efficient numerical schemes for polarized radiative transfer in curved spacetime are needed to help interpret observations of such polarized emission. Aims. We aim to extend our publicly available radiative transfer code RAPTOR to include polarized radiative transfer, so that it can produce simulated polarized observations of accreting black holes. The RAPTOR code must remain compatible with arbitrary spacetimes and it must be efficient in operation, despite the added complexity of polarized radiative transfer. Methods. We provide a brief review of various codes and methods for covariant polarized radiative transfer available in the literature and existing codes, and we present an efficient new scheme. For the spacetime propagation aspect of the computation, we developed a compact, Lorentz-invariant representation of a polarized ray. For the plasma-propagation aspect of the computation, we performed a formal analysis of the stiffness of the polarized radiative-transfer equation with respect to our explicit integrator. We also developed a hybrid integration scheme that switches to an implicit integrator in case of stiffness in order to solve the equation with optimal speed and accuracy for all possible values of the local optical/Faraday thickness of the plasma. Results. We performed a comprehensive code verification by solving a number of well-known test problems using RAPTOR and comparing its output to exact solutions. We also demonstrate convergence with existing polarized radiative-transfer codes in the context of complex astrophysical problems, where we found that the integrated flux densities for all Stokes parameters converged to excellent agreement. Conclusions. The RAPTOR code is capable of performing polarized radiative transfer in arbitrary, highly curved spacetimes. This capability is crucial for interpreting polarized observations of accreting black holes, which can yield information about the magnetic-field configuration in such accretion flows. The efficient formalism implemented in RAPTOR is computationally light and conceptually simple. The code is publicly available.

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Carlisle, Martin C., Terry A. Wilson, Jeffrey W. Humphries i Steven M. Hadfield. "RAPTOR". ACM SIGCSE Bulletin 37, nr 1 (23.02.2005): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1047124.1047411.

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Viteri, Maria C., Mary Allison Stegner i Elizabeth A. Hadly. "Assessing the reliability of raptor pellets in recording local small mammal diversity". Quaternary Research 106 (21.10.2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2021.59.

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AbstractUnderstanding how raptors select prey is important to determine taphonomic biases both in modern and paleo pellet assemblages. We tested whether pellets more closely represent raptor dietary specialization or local small mammal diversity by sampling pellets from seven raptor species across four study sites in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA. We identified small mammal craniodental elements from each pellet and tested for differences among small mammal assemblages for each raptor species and study site. We found that reconstructed avian predator diets clustered significantly by site but not by predator species. Bray-Curtis diet dissimilarities were also significantly lower when comparing different raptor species within a site than when comparing the same raptor species across different sites. Our results suggest that raptors choose to eat a diversity of small mammal species close to their roosts rather than fly long distances to specialize on a particular prey species. Neontologists and paleoecologists alike can therefore be confident that raptor pellets faithfully represent local small mammal diversity.

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8

Hallingstad, Eric, Daniel Riser-Espinoza, Samantha Brown, Paul Rabie, Jeanette Haddock i Karl Kosciuch. "Game bird carcasses are less persistent than raptor carcasses, but can predict raptor persistence dynamics". PLOS ONE 18, nr 1 (3.01.2023): e0279997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279997.

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Researchers conduct post-construction fatality monitoring (PCFM) to determine a wind energy facility’s direct impacts on wildlife. Results of PCFM can be used to evaluate compliance with permitted take, potentially triggering adaptive management measures or offsetting mitigation; reducing uncertainty in fatality rates benefits wind companies, wildlife agencies, and other stakeholders. As part of PCFM, investigators conduct carcass persistence trials to account for imperfect detection during carcass surveys. In most PCFM studies, pen-raised game birds and other non-raptor surrogates have been used to estimate persistence of all large birds, including raptors. However, there is a growing body of evidence showing carcass persistence varies by bird type; raptor fatality estimates based on game bird carcass persistence may therefore be biased high. We conducted raptor and game bird carcass persistence field trials for 1 year at 6 wind energy facilities. Raptor carcass persistence varied by habitat and season, whereas the best-supported game bird model only included habitat. Raptor persistence probabilities were higher than corresponding game bird persistence probabilities for 13 of the 16 habitat and season combinations. Analysis of a curated large bird persistence meta-dataset showed that raptor carcass persistence varied by season, habitat, and region. The probability of persisting through a 30-day search interval ranged from 0.44 to 0.99 for raptors and from 0.16 to 0.79 for game birds. Raptor persistence was significantly higher than game bird persistence for 95% of the sampled strata. We used these carcass persistence estimates to develop linear mixed-effects models that predict raptor persistence probabilities based on estimated game bird persistence probabilities. Our scaling model provides an important statistical method to address gaps in raptor persistence data at sites in a broad range of landscape contexts in the continental United States and should be used to inform fatality estimation when site-specific raptor persistence data are limited or absent.

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Nourani, Elham, Kamran Safi, Noriyuki M. Yamaguchi i Hiroyoshi Higuchi. "Raptor migration in an oceanic flyway: wind and geography shape the migratory route of grey-faced buzzards in East Asia". Royal Society Open Science 5, nr 3 (marzec 2018): 171555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171555.

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Flapping flight is relatively costly for soaring birds such as raptors. To avoid costly flight, migrating raptors generally avoid flying over water. As a result, all but one of the global raptor migration flyways are largely over land. The East Asian oceanic flyway for raptors is the exception. Raptor species using this flyway migrate by island-hopping, flying over open ocean for distances of up to 300 km between islands. We used satellite telemetry data for grey-faced buzzards Butastur indicus , a species that dominates the southern part of the flyway, to investigate the geographical and atmospheric factors responsible for the suitability of this flyway for raptor migration. Using a combination of least-cost path analysis and a step selection function, we found that the occurrence of numerous islands and also suitable wind support along the oceanic flyway are responsible for route selection in grey-faced buzzards. These results confirm the role of islands, but also wind, in shaping the East Asian oceanic flyway of long-distance raptor migration.

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10

Giry Xavira Putri, Bambang Agus Suripto i Asman Adi Purwanto. "Keanekaragaman dan Kemelimpahan Burung Pemangsa (Raptor) Migran di Kawasan Bukit 76 Kaliurang, Yogyakarta". Biotropic : The Journal of Tropical Biology 5, nr 1 (27.02.2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29080/biotropic.2021.5.1.1-8.

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Migratory birds are birds that fly or move from their breeding place to their non-breeding location. Migratory birds usually migrate to the southern part of the earth or tropical regions to avoid limited resources during winter in their breeding areas (Bildstein, 2006). Bird of Prey or Raptors are a group of birds that frequently migrate. Raptors carry out-migration in several areas which are commonly referred to as flyways. Indonesia is also part of the flight path for migratory birds (Sukmantoro et al., 2007). At this time there were approximately 17 types of migrant raptors in Indonesia. Research on raptor migration has been carried out for a long time in various regions. In the Yogyakarta area, there have been observations of a migrant raptor, but there are no official publications and research on migrant raptor in the Bukit 76 Kaliurang area, Yogyakarta. Therefore this research was conducted to know about migratory raptor in Yogyakarta. This research was conducted at Bukit 76 Kaliurang, Hargobinangun, Pakem, Yogyakarta. The research was conducted in December 2019-March 2020, July-August 2020, and October-November 2020. This research was conductes through observations in the morning at 07.00-11.00 WIB using birdwatching techniques and purposive methods. The results of this study recorded 1 species of migrant raptor, namely the Oriental Honey-buzzard (Pernis ptilorhynchus) and 2 species of resident raptors, namely the Crested Serpent Eagle (Spilornis cheela) and the Brahminy Kite (Haliastur indus).

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11

Saurola, Pertti. "An overview of monitoring for raptors in Finland". Acrocephalus 33, nr 154-155 (1.12.2012): 203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10100-012-0007-7.

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Abstract In Finland, population monitoring for both diurnal and nocturnal raptors has been almost entirely based on fieldwork carried out by voluntary raptor ringers. Responsible organisations include the Finnish Museum of Natural History, with economic support for administration from the Ministry of Environment, “Metsahallitus” (former National Board of Forestry) and WWF Finland. Since the early 1970s, numbers and productivity of four endangered species, the White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla, Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos, Osprey Pandion haliaetus and Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus have been monitored by country-wide Comprehensive Surveys, with the aim of checking all known nest sites of these species every year. The Gyrfalcon F. rusticolus was included in this group in the late 1990s. Data for monitoring the populations of the other raptor species have been gathered by the Raptor Grid and Raptor Questionnaire projects. The Raptor Grid project produces annual population indices, which are calculated from the data collected from 10 × 10 km study plots (n = ca. 130/year) and quite well reflect the annual population fluctuations and longterm trends of seven common species of diurnal and six species of nocturnal raptors breeding in the southern part of Finland. For the rest of the species, which are either rare all over Finland or breed mostly in the north, outside the good coverage of the distribution of Raptor Grid study plots, conclusions on population changes are based on the total numbers of occupied territories and active nests reported annually by the Raptor Questionnaires

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12

Shokrollahi, Amin. "Raptor Codes". Foundations and Trends® in Communications and Information Theory 6, nr 3-4 (2010): 213–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/0100000060.

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Shokrollahi, A. "Raptor codes". IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 52, nr 6 (czerwiec 2006): 2551–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2006.874390.

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White, Jan. "Raptor Restraint". Journal of the Association of Avian Veterinarians 4, nr 2 (1990): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/30136887.

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Ritchie, Branson, i Patrick T. Redig. "Raptor Biomedicine". Avian Diseases 38, nr 2 (kwiecień 1994): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1591972.

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Harness, R. D., i K. Wilson. "Raptor electrocutions". IEEE Industry Applications Magazine 4, nr 3 (1998): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/2943.667904.

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Ford, Scott. "Raptor Gastroenterology". Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine 19, nr 2 (kwiecień 2010): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2010.05.004.

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Forbes, Neil A. "Raptor medicine". Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine 9, nr 4 (październik 2000): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/saep.2000.8884.

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Huckabee, John R. "Raptor Therapeutics". Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice 3, nr 1 (styczeń 2000): 91–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1094-9194(17)30096-8.

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Ballotti, Kris, Patrick Redig, John E. Cooper, J. David Remple, Bruce Hunter i Trudi Hand. "Raptor Biomedicine". Journal of the Association of Avian Veterinarians 7, nr 4 (1993): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27671091.

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Perkins, Sid. "Raptor Line". Science News 168, nr 16 (15.10.2005): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4016808.

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Klaphake, Eric, i Jo Clancy. "Raptor Gastroenterology". Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice 8, nr 2 (maj 2005): 307–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2005.01.005.

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Redig, Patrick T., i Lori R. Arent. "Raptor Toxicology". Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice 11, nr 2 (maj 2008): 261–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2007.12.004.

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Murray, Maureen. "Raptor Gastroenterology". Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice 17, nr 2 (maj 2014): 211–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2014.01.006.

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Kumar, Sudesh, Asha Sohil, Muzaffar A. Kichloo i Neeraj Sharma. "Landscape heterogeneity affects diurnal raptor communities in a sub-tropical region of northwestern Himalayas, India". PLOS ONE 17, nr 4 (28.04.2022): e0246555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246555.

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Raptors are highly sensitive to environmental and human-induced changes. In addition, several species of raptors exist in considerably small numbers. It is thus critical to conserve raptors and their habitats across relatively larger landscapes. We examined the diurnal raptor assemblages and seasonality in a subtropical habitat in India’s northwestern Himalayas. Quantitative data on diurnal birds of prey and their habitat features across six distinct habitat types were collected from 33 sample sites. We observed 3,434 individuals of 28 diurnal raptors belonging to two orders and three families during a two-year survey from December 2016 to November 2018. A significant variation in bird species richness and abundance was found across habitats and seasons, with farmlands and winters being the most diverse and speciose. The generalized linear model, used to determine raptor community responses, indicated that elevation and proximity to dumping sites significantly affected the raptor abundance. The non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) revealed significant differences in raptor assemblages across the habitat types. The study concluded that raptors’ persistence is largely determined by their preference for favourable feeding, roosting, and nesting opportunities. The presence of protected and habitat-exclusive species validates the high conservation importance of these ecosystems, particularly the forest patches and farmlands, necessitating robust conservation and management measures in this part of northwestern Himalaya.

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Jurisevic, Mark A., i Ken J. Sanderson. "Acoustic discrimination of passerine anti-predator signals by Australian raptors". Australian Journal of Zoology 46, nr 4 (1998): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo97052.

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Acoustic discrimination of anti-predator calls was examined in 11 species of Australian raptors, including 5 Falco species and 2 species of Elanus kites, by their responses to the playback of alarm and distress calls of Australian passerines. The present study investigated the ability of raptors to discriminate between alarm and distress calls that have different acoustic properties and are emitted in different behavioural contexts. The raptors were tested with broad-band calls (containing a wide range of frequencies) given as distress calls, mobbing calls and alarm calls to terrestrial predators, and with narrow-band calls (comprising a narrow range of frequencies) typically given as a response to flying predators. Raptor responses were categorised into three classes based on head orientation (or lack thereof) towards the sound source (i.e. one of 2 or 4 speakers positioned in the cage set-up); (1) ‘correct response’ – the raptor looked directly at the speaker; (2) ‘incorrect response’ – the raptor detected the sound, but oriented the head in a direction other than towards the sound source; (3) ‘no response’. All raptor species showed a higher percentage of correct responses (60–100%) for broad-frequency vocalisations and a lower percentage of correct responses (usually 0–40%) and more incorrect responses for narrow-band vocalisations. Further, all raptors showed a greater rate of overall responsiveness to broad-band alarm and distress calls than narrow-band calls, indicating a higher interest level in the former. The behavioural implications of acoustic discrimination by Australian raptors to different types of alarm call are discussed.

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Fitzsimons, James A., i Jack Leighton. "Frugivory in Raptors: New Observations from Australia and a Global Review". Birds 2, nr 4 (19.10.2021): 338–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/birds2040025.

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The diets of raptors are some of the best studied and well-known of all bird groups. Raptors are typically carnivores, hunting and feeding on vertebrates and, for some species, invertebrates. Here, we described instances of the Black Kite (Milvus migrans) and Whistling Kite (Haliastur sphenurus) consuming non-native avocado (Persea americana) fruit in commercial orchards in northern Australia, over multiple years. This appears to be the first instance of frugivory by raptors in Australia. We review instances of frugivory for other raptor species globally. This review finds that 29 species of raptor from the families Falconidae, Accipitridae and Cathartidae have been recorded consuming fruit, significantly more than previous reviews.

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Moore, Adele. "Principles of Raptor Cage Design". Wildlife Rehabilitation Bulletin 32, nr 1 (30.06.2014): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53607/wrb.v32.23.

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Constructing a cage for raptors in rehabilitation requires planning to ensure the cage will have all the components required for training raptors and for a successful release back into the wild. The author explores a checklist of what is needed both in the planning and in the construction stages. TreeHouse just designed and completed a Raptor Rehabilitation Complex in which all the cage elements are under one roof and flexible.

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Connolly, Elizabeth. "Raptor Wound Management". Wildlife Rehabilitation Bulletin 22, nr 2 (31.12.2004): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.53607/wrb.v22.228.

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Traumatic skin wounds in raptors are both common and difficult to treat. Common causes of trauma include vehicular strikes, window collision, barbed wire entanglement, electrocution, frostbite, and inappropriate husbandry. Veterinarians and wildlife rehabilitators must overcome a variety of obstacles to successfully manage these cases.

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Degernes, Laurel A., Barbara J. Talbot i Lori R. Mueller. "Raptor Foot Care". Journal of the Association of Avian Veterinarians 4, nr 2 (1990): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/30136889.

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McCarthy, Nicola. "RapTOR strikes again". Nature Reviews Cancer 4, nr 6 (czerwiec 2004): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc1385.

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VanHook, A. M. "Raptor Not Required". Science Signaling 4, nr 176 (7.06.2011): ec160-ec160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.4176ec160.

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Forbes, Neil A. "Captive raptor propagation". Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice 5, nr 3 (wrzesień 2002): 649–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1094-9194(02)00009-9.

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Smith, Douglas, Katy Duffy i Joel Pagel. "Yellowstone Raptor Initiative". UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 33 (1.01.2011): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2011.3823.

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During 2010, the Yellowstone Raptor Initiative (YRI) used grant funds from the NPS Research Station-Wyoming to create a program with a raptor-centric focus. This program, in its infancy, concentrated on involving park visitors and staff in obtaining and collating raptor sightings in Yellowstone National Park. The funds also helped locate what may be a significant raptor migration corridor through Hayden Valley, as noted via the documentation of concentrations of Swainsonâs Hawks on their flight through Yellowstone National Park to Argentina. Park staff and visitors attended raptor ecology and identification programs presented during the summer and fall, while a pilot ranger-led hawkwatch in Hayden Valley attracted 160 attendees, including area residents, park staff and park visitors. The Yellowstone Raptor Initiative also conducted additional outreach by presenting technical papers at the Raptor Research Foundation annual meeting regarding the YRI, and scientific work which had been accomplished by the Initiativeâs participating agencies and biologists during the 2010 funding year.

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Tristan, Tim. "The Aging Raptor". Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice 13, nr 1 (styczeń 2010): 51–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2009.10.001.

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Supriyanto, Bambang, Willy Ekariyono i Sri Mulyati. "Raptor Sanctuary: a Collaboration Scheme for Raptor Conservation in Indonesia". Raptors Conservation, nr 30 (1.12.2015): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19074/1814-8654-2015-30-62-71.

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BUIJ, RALPH, i BARBARA M. CROES. "Raptor habitat use in the Lake Chad Basin: insights into the effect of flood-plain transformation on Afrotropical and Palearctic raptors". Bird Conservation International 23, nr 2 (8.04.2013): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270913000014.

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SummaryWest African flood-plains have undergone major land-use transformations in the second half of the 20th century. To obtain insight in the effect of flood-plain development for irrigated rice cultivation on the abundance, richness, and diversity of Palearctic and Afrotropical raptors, we conducted monthly transect surveys covering dry and wet seasons in four major habitats on the Waza-Logone flood-plain of Cameroon: dry grasslands, cultivated grasslands, rice fields, and seasonally flooded grasslands resembling natural flood-plain vegetation. We recorded 36 raptor species among 2,533 individuals, dominated by Black Kite Milvus migrans, which comprised 42% of counts. Although richness and diversity were not related to land-use for Palearctic raptors, Afrotropical raptor diversity was higher on the flooded grasslands compared to the newly created cultivated habitats and dry grasslands. The abundance of Afrotropical raptors did not significantly differ across habitats but was lower in rice-fields when Black Kite and Hooded Vulture Necrosyrtes monachus were excluded. Conversely, Palearctic raptor abundance was highest in post-harvest rice fields, demonstrating the importance of the rice fields as foraging habitat for Palearctic raptors. Further transformation of West Africa’s flood-plains is expected, reducing their capacity for Afrotropical raptors, while Palearctic raptors may benefit from expansion of rice-fields, but more research is needed on their vulnerability to pesticide use.

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Elafri, Ali, Okba Boumaaza, Mohamed Dhaya El-Hak Khemis, Khieredin Boucherit i Moussa Houhamdi. "Population Dynamics and Distribution Patterns of Diurnal Raptors in Northeastern Algeria: Seasonal Variation and Some Nesting Characteristics". Ekológia (Bratislava) 39, nr 1 (1.03.2020): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eko-2020-0005.

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AbstractProviding a live data monitoring of raptor abundances and spatial localization of their most important nesting areas is very helpful in building a strong future study and applying a sound strategy for effective safeguarding of these emblematic species. Using geographic information system (GIS) and global positioning system (GPS) techniques, we investigated spatial patterns of raptors distribution in the northeastern areas of Algeria during two consecutive breeding seasons (2014 and 2015). The total area sampled (31,000 km2) host diverse raptor species (14 species), among them, the threatened species Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus; 108 individuals and 19 active nests) and red-footed falcon (Falco vespertinus; 12individuals). The value of the region is attested by the presence of an abundant population of nesting black kite (Milvus migrans; 337 individuals). The large-scale spatial analyses of the studied region illustrate certain similarities in nesting habitat selection among raptors. Almost all species (90% of 209 nests detected) preferred to nest within multispecies assemblages (20 raptor assemblages found) and occupied altitudinal rocky cliffs across the inland region (semi-arid zones) rather than coastal region (sub-humid zones). Among all raptor species, exclusively, the common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) is relatively synanthropic, because it was found to breed within cities (tolerate human activities). The raptor community in the coastal versus inland regions differed by 14%. The latter area seems to be more preferred in nest building, probably consequence of their semi-arid bioclimatic and landscapes characteristics, where high elevations and grasslands forming mosaics with Oak, Alpine, and Cedar forests are patchily distributed. The study is a first mapping database of important nesting sites dispatched across the northeastern areas of Algeria, and it can be effectively used in future complementary researches that aim to elucidate environmental factors that affect raptors life cycle.

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Karakaș, Recep. "Current status and distribution of diurnal raptor species in the south-eastern Anatolia Region, Turkey". Slovak Raptor Journal 9, nr 1 (30.06.2015): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/srj-2015-0008.

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Abstract The status and distribution of diurnal raptor bird species were analysed in the south-eastern part of Turkey based on studies and records between 1994 and 2014. Our information about raptor species is very limited in the south-eastern Anatolia Region. The study showed that of 42 diurnal raptor species listed in Turkey, 37 of these species were found in the studied region; 9 of them are certainly, 4 probably and 1 possibly breeding in the area - according to the breeding criteria of the EBCC - while 17 of them were transitory migrating or wintering birds for the region, and the breeding/migratory status of 6 is unknown. Habitats lost and fragmentation related to agricultural intensification together with pesticide applications are the main hazards threatening wildlife including raptors in the region. So as to increase knowledge on raptors in south-eastern Anatolia and evaluate their populations, a coordinated education and research program is essential.

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Wehrmann, Jasper, Folkert de Boer, Rafa Benjumea, Simon Cavaillès, Dries Engelen, Johannes Jansen, Brecht Verhelst i Wouter M. G. Vansteelant. "Batumi Raptor Count: autumn raptor migration count data from the Batumi bottleneck, Republic of Georgia". ZooKeys 836 (8.04.2019): 135–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.836.29252.

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One of the most important geographical bottlenecks for migrating raptors in the east African-Palearctic migration system is situated between the easternmost tip of the Black Sea and the Lesser Caucasus, just north of Batumi, in the Republic of Georgia. Since 2008, citizen scientists of the Batumi Raptor Count (BRC) have monitored the autumn raptor passage daily from mid-August until mid-October, collecting also detailed information about the age and sex of focal species. The full BRC dataset was recently made available through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Here we describe how count data were collected, managed, and processed for trend analysis over the past 10 years. This dataset offers a unique baseline for monitoring the state of migrant raptor populations in the east African-Palearctic flyway in the 21st century. We discuss potential pitfalls for users and hope that the open access publication of our data will stimulate flyway-scale and continent-wide collaboration for raptor migration monitoring in the Old World.

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Spasov, Svetoslav, Volen Arkumarev, Dobromir Dobrev i Vladimir Dobrev. "An overview of monitoring for raptors in Bulgaria". Acrocephalus 33, nr 154-155 (1.12.2012): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10100-012-0005-9.

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Abstract Since 1990, nature conservation NGOs are the main players in the running of nation-wide research and monitoring schemes for raptors in Bulgaria. Among them, the Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds (BSPB) and Green Balkans are most active, covering the most threatened diurnal raptors in the country. The key species covered by comprehensive monitoring schemes are the Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca, White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla, Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus, Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus, Black Vulture Aegypius monachus, Saker Falcon Falco cherrug and Red-footed Falcon F. vespertinus. Information on their distribution, numbers, breeding success, productivity, diet, movements etc. is gathered on annual basis. The Buzzard Buteo buteo and Kestrel F. tinnunculus are also regularly monitored at the national level by the Common Bird Monitoring scheme. Distribution of all raptor species has been studied for the purpose of the Atlas of Breeding Birds in Bulgaria. The contemporary satellite telemetry methods revealed important aspects of movements and threats to eagles and vultures from Bulgaria within the country and abroad. Main threats for the raptors in Bulgaria are related to habitat loss, unnatural mortality and disturbance. The main gaps in raptor monitoring in Bulgaria are related to the lack of coverage of most of the diurnal species and owls. There is a strong national and international cooperation in conjunction with the work concerning Imperial Eagle, Egyptian and Griffon Vultures. However, further enhancement of cooperation on other raptor species and issues such as lobbying for implementation of raptor-friendly agricultural practices and enhancement of various economic sectors are needed

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Vrezec, Al, Guy Duke, András Kovács, Pertti Saurola, Chris Wernham, Ian Burfield, Paola Movalli i Irena Bertoncelj. "Overview of raptor monitoring activities in Europe". Acrocephalus 33, nr 154-155 (1.12.2012): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10100-012-0003-y.

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Abstract Despite the key role of raptors (including birds of prey Falconiformes and owls Strigiformes) in ecosystems and their sensitivity to environmental change, a well coordinated, Europe-wide monitoring of raptors is lacking. EURAPMON, a Research Networking Programme of the European Science Foundation, was launched with the aim of establishing a sustainable Europewide network for monitoring of raptors. An overview of current monitoring schemes for raptor populations in 28 European countries, as reported by EURAPMON National Coordinators at the workshop in Murcia (Spain) in 2012, showed existing monitoring schemes to be limited to a restricted number of species (mostly diurnal and rare raptor species). The most widely monitored species are the Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos amongst diurnal raptors and the Eagle Owl Bubo bubo amongst owls. Broad coverage of a species range across Europe is reached only for restricted-range species. The key driver for monitoring, which is mostly coordinated by NGOs, is conservation, and the main end users are governmental institutions. International collaboration in the field of monitoring of raptors is mainly regional and not yet pan-European in scale. The involvement of volunteers in raptor monitoring was perceived as the main strength of many schemes, but insufficient manpower and a focus on rare species were recognised as the main weaknesses across Europe as a whole. Among priorities identified for the future development of monitoring schemes are: improvements to national coordination; support to increase the number of volunteers; and assurances of stable funding. Further analysis of EURAPMON questionnaires will identify knowledge gaps, which will steer good practice guidance on survey methodologies; the need for the latter was identified as the main benefit that National Coordinators expect to gain from international networking

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Redig, Patrick T. "Raptor Medicine and The Raptor Center at the University of Minnesota". Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery 17, nr 3 (wrzesień 2003): 154–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1647/1082-6742(2003)017[0154:rmatrc]2.0.co;2.

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Horgan, Finbarr G., Enrique A. Mundaca i Eduardo Crisol-Martínez. "Emerging Patterns in Cultural Ecosystem Services as Incentives and Obstacles for Raptor Conservation". Birds 2, nr 2 (5.06.2021): 185–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/birds2020014.

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The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment proposed four categories of ecosystem services as regulating, provisioning, supporting and cultural. Of these, cultural services have been the most difficult to quantify despite playing a key role in developing society’s supporting services to ecosystems. By reviewing a series of case studies related to the cultural services derived from raptors, we examine relations between tangible ecosystem services and ‘knowledge’ and ‘beliefs’ as part of supporting services from human societies to ecosystems. We identified types of raptor regulating and provisioning services and patterns in service--knowledge-beliefs that defined positive or negative outcomes for raptor conservation. We also demonstrate how possible interactions between physical, experiential, physical-symbolic and representative-symbolic cultural services and between different stakeholders can create incentives or obstacles for conservation. Predictable patterns in service-knowledge-beliefs provide a framework upon which socio-cultural and ethnobiological aspects of raptor conservation may be combined with ecological research to support conservation initiatives. Based on these patterns we present examples of how cultural services might be employed to better promote raptor conservation while respecting the beliefs and traditions of stakeholders.

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Baril, Lisa M., David B. Haines, Lauren E. Walker i Douglas W. Smith. "Autumn Raptor Migration in Yellowstone National Park, 2011–2015". Canadian Field-Naturalist 131, nr 4 (23.05.2018): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v131i4.1909.

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Raptors are wide-ranging, vagile avian predators whose populations can be difficult and costly to monitor on their breeding or winter range. However, monitoring raptors during their annual northbound or southbound migration is a cost-effective and efficient alternative to time-intensive, single-species breeding surveys. In 2010, we observed numerous Swainson’s Hawks (Buteo swainsoni) and Red-tailed Hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) migrating through the Hayden Valley in central Yellowstone National Park, prompting an investigation into raptor migration patterns in the park. Our objectives were to monitor annual autumn raptor migration in Hayden Valley from 2011 to 2015 and to determine the relative role of this undocumented migration site by comparing our observations to simultaneously collected migration data from three other sites in the Rocky Mountain Flyway. From 2011 to 2015, we observed 6441 raptors of 17 species across 170 d and 907 h of observation. Red-tailed Hawks, Swainson’s Hawks, and Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) accounted for 51% of the total individuals observed over five years. Overall counts from Hayden Valley were comparable to counts from the three migration sites in the Rocky Mountains, although abundance of individual species varied by site. Data from this study suggest that Hayden Valley may serve as a stopover site for migrating raptors and presents an opportunity for future research. By improving our understanding of where raptors migrate and the characteristics of stopover areas in the Rocky Mountains, land managers may develop effective strategies for protecting raptor populations and habitat from threats including development and climate change.

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Bosakowski, Thomas, i Dwight G. Smith. "Comparative diets of sympatric nesting raptors in the eastern deciduous forest biome". Canadian Journal of Zoology 70, nr 5 (1.05.1992): 984–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z92-140.

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Diets and food-niche metrics of nesting raptors were studied in the eastern deciduous forest biome of northern New Jersey, southeastern New York, and northwestern Connecticut. Raptor diets were determined from 2506 prey individuals recovered from prey remains and pellets collected from nest sites of a community consisting of five hawk and four owl species. Food-niche overlaps were higher on average in the hawk guild (0.422) than in the owl guild (0.342), correlating with increased species packing and decreased body size differences in the hawk guild. Differences in activity times (diurnal versus nocturnal) did not result in reduced food-niche overlap between diurnal and nocturnal raptors. The lack of interference-type competition probably allowed greater exploitative-type competition but was offset by nearly exclusive use of certain prey types by several raptor species. Thus, temporal niche differences ultimately did aid in the resource partitioning of food between hawks and owls. Overall, the forest raptor community displayed significant food-niche overdispersion, with 35 of 36 food-niche overlap values below the 0.6 "competition" threshold. This result would be expected in a community structured by competition.

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Hawkins, Michelle G., i Gregg M. Griffenhagen. "Raptor Sedation and Anesthesia". Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice 25, nr 1 (styczeń 2022): 135–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2021.08.011.

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Fowler, D. B. "CDC Raptor winter wheat". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 82, nr 2 (1.04.2002): 407–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p01-110.

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CDC Raptor is a high-yielding, lodging-resistant, semidwarf winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with good winter hardiness. It has stem and leaf rust resistance that is similar to CDC Falcon and superior to all other winter wheat cultivars registered for production in western Canada. CDC Raptor is eligible for grades of the Canada Western Red Winter Wheat class. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, wheat (winter).

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Madden, Kristin K., Genevieve C. Rozhon i James F. Dwyer. "Conservation Letter: Raptor Persecution". Journal of Raptor Research 53, nr 2 (9.05.2019): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3356/jrr-18-37.

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Martin, R., M. Thome, F. Martinon i N. Fasel. "Raptor hunted by caspases". Cell Death & Disease 7, nr 6 (czerwiec 2016): e2242-e2242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2016.153.

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