Artykuły w czasopismach: „Rape (Plant) – Genetics”

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Koprna, R. "Winter oilseed rape Oksana". Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 43, No. 2 (7.01.2008): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1907-cjgpb.

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Durstewitz, G., A. Polley, J. Plieske, H. Luerssen, E. M. Graner, R. Wieseke i M. W. Ganal. "SNP discovery by amplicon sequencing and multiplex SNP genotyping in the allopolyploid species Brassica napusThis article is one of a selection of papers from the conference “Exploiting Genome-wide Association in Oilseed Brassicas: a model for genetic improvement of major OECD crops for sustainable farming”." Genome 53, nr 11 (listopad 2010): 948–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g10-079.

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Oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ) is an allotetraploid species consisting of two genomes, derived from B. rapa (A genome) and B. oleracea (C genome). The presence of these two genomes makes single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker identification and SNP analysis more challenging than in diploid species, as for a given locus usually two versions of a DNA sequence (based on the two ancestral genomes) have to be analyzed simultaneously during SNP identification and analysis. One hundred amplicons derived from expressed sequence tag (ESTs) were analyzed to identify SNPs in a panel of oilseed rape varieties and within two sister species representing the ancestral genomes. A total of 604 SNPs were identified, averaging one SNP in every 42 bp. It was possible to clearly discriminate SNPs that are polymorphic between different plant varieties from SNPs differentiating the two ancestral genomes. To validate the identified SNPs for their use in genetic analysis, we have developed Illumina GoldenGate assays for some of the identified SNPs. Through the analysis of a number of oilseed rape varieties and mapping populations with GoldenGate assays, we were able to identify a number of different segregation patterns in allotetraploid oilseed rape. The majority of the identified SNP markers can be readily used for genetic mapping, showing that amplicon sequencing and Illumina GoldenGate assays can be used to reliably identify SNP markers in tetraploid oilseed rape and to convert them into successful SNP assays that can be used for genetic analysis.

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Savic, Jasna, Ana Marjanovic-Jeromela, Djordje Glamoclija i Slaven Prodanovic. "Oilseed rape genotypes response to boron toxicity". Genetika 45, nr 2 (2013): 565–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1302565s.

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Response of 16 oilseed rape genotypes to B (boron) toxicity was analyzed by comparing the results of two experiments conducted in a glasshouse. In Experiment 1 plants were grown in standard nutrient solutions with 10 ?MB (control) and 1000 ?M B. Relative root and shoot growth varied from 20-120% and 31-117%, respectively. Variation in B concentration in shoots was also wide (206.5-441.7 ?g B g-1 DW) as well as total B uptake by plant (62.3-281.2 ?g B g1). Four selected genotypes were grown in Experiment 2 in pots filled with high B soil (8 kg ha-1 B; B8). Shoot growth was not affected by B8 treatment, while root and shoot B concentration was significantly increased compared to control. Genotypes Panther and Pronto which performed low relative root and shoot growth and high B accumulation in plants in Experiment 1, had good growth in B8 treatment. In Experiment 2 genotype NS-L-7 had significantly lower B concentration in shots under treatment B8, but also very high B accumulation in Experiment 1. In addition, cluster analyses classified genotypes in three groups according to traits contrasting in their significance for analyzing response to B toxicity. The first group included four varieties based on their shared characteristics that have small value for the relative growth of roots and shoots and large values of B concentration in shoot. In the second largest group were connected ten genotypes that are heterogeneous in traits and do not stand out on any characteristic. Genotypes NS-L-7 and Navajo were separated in the third group because they had big relative growth of root and shoot, but also a high concentration of B in the shoot, and high total B uptake. Results showed that none of tested genotypes could not be recommended for breeding process to tolerance for B toxicity.

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da Silva, Paulo M. F. R., Peter J. Eastmond, Lionel M. Hill, Alison M. Smith i Stephen Rawsthorne. "Starch metabolism in developing embryos of oilseed rape". Planta 203, nr 4 (20.11.1997): 480–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050217.

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Parkin, I. A. P., A. G. Sharpe, D. J. Keith i D. J. Lydiate. "Identification of the A and C genomes of amphidiploid Brassica napus (oilseed rape)". Genome 38, nr 6 (1.12.1995): 1122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g95-149.

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A genetic linkage map consisting of 399 RFLP-defined loci was generated from a cross between resynthesized Brassica napus (an interspecific B. rapa × B. oleracea hybrid) and "natural" oilseed rape. The majority of loci exhibited disomic inheritance of parental alleles demonstrating that B. rapa chromosomes were each pairing exclusively with recognisable A-genome homologues in B. napus and that B. oleracea chromosomes were pairing similarly with C-genome homologues. This behaviour identified the 10 A genome and 9 C genome linkage groups of B. napus and demonstrated that the nuclear genomes of B. napus, B. rapa, and B. oleracea have remained essentially unaltered since the formation of the amphidiploid species, B. napus. A range of unusual marker patterns, which could be explained by aneuploidy and nonreciprocal translocations, were observed in the mapping population. These chromosome abnormalities were probably caused by associations between homoeologous chromosomes at meiosis in the resynthesized parent and the F1 plant leading to nondisjunction and homoeologous recombination.Key words: genetic linkage map, homoeologous recombination, Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea, genome organization.

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Rood, Stewart B., David Pearce i Richard P. Pharis. "Identification of Endogenous Gibberellins from Oilseed Rape". Plant Physiology 85, nr 3 (1.11.1987): 605–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.85.3.605.

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Warwick, S. I., T. James i K. C. Falk. "AFLP-based molecular characterization of Brassica rapa and diversity in Canadian spring turnip rape cultivars". Plant Genetic Resources 6, nr 1 (kwiecień 2008): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262108923819.

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Information on genetic diversity and genetic relationships among taxa of Brassica rapa (n = 10, AA genome) is currently limited. Grown for oil, vegetable and fodder use in Europe and Asia, previous studies have indicated western and eastern groups corresponding to independent centres of origin. This study evaluated patterns and levels of genetic diversity in 93 accessions [includes 25 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) breeding lines (BL)] of B. rapa based on 307 amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP), testing subspecific separateness and the affiliation of four previously unassigned AA genome species (B. perviridis, B. purpuraria, B. ruvo and B. septiceps). AFLP data revealed three main clusters (I, II, III) corresponding to European (I), Indian (III), and a mixed Asian/European/Indian (II) purported origins of the taxa, with several subclusters observed in I and II. Mean AFLP polymorphism levels for Asian, European, Indian and AAFC-BL accessions were 79, 74, 66 and 62%, respectively. Few of the subspecies formed unique clusters and some, particularly subspecies chinensis and pekinensis, were assigned to several clusters. AFLP-based genetic distance information can be used by breeders to select diverse genotypes for cultivar development and fingerprinting of genotypes/cultivars. For example, a single AFLP primer pair was sufficient to uniquely identify all breeding lines in the AAFC B. rapa breeding programme.

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Marinkovic, Radovan, Ana Marjanovic-Jeromela i Dragana Vasic. "Genetic variability components of some quantitative traits of winter oilseed rape - Brassica napus L." Genetika 35, nr 3 (2003): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr0303199m.

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Analysis of genetic variance components for number of leaves and branches per plant and stem diameter was done according to the method of HAYMAN (1954). Heritability in narrow (h2a) and broad (h2b) sense was determined for the same traits, using the method of Mather and Jinks (1971). Non-additive component of genetic variance was greater than additive component in all three studied traits. Dominant and recessive genes were not equally distributed in parent genotypes, with dominant genes prevailing. Ratio (H1/D)1/2 was higher than 1 in all three tested traits. Calculated values for heritability in narrow sense showed that stem diameter and number of branches per plant are traits with low heritability, and number of leaves per plant a trait with the high heritability. Heritability in a broad sense Was high for all three tested traits.

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Abedi, T., i H. Pakniyat. "Antioxidant enzymes changes in response to drought stress in ten cultivars of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)". Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 46, No. 1 (4.03.2010): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/67/2009-cjgpb.

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The study was undertaken to identify the responses of antioxidant enzyme activities and their isozyme patterns in seedlings of 10 oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars under drought stress conditions. Plants were grown under three irrigation regimes (FC; field capacity, 60% FC and 30% FC) in a greenhouse. Drought stress preferentially enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) whereas it decreased catalase (CAT) activity. Licord with the highest level of enzyme activity under both optimum and limited irrigation regimes is reported as the most tolerant cultivar. Whereas Hyola 308 and Okapy, having the lowest enzymes activities, are mentioned as cultivars sensitive to drought stress. The native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis detected eight SOD isozymes. Oilseed rape leaves contained three isoforms of Mn-SOD and five isoforms of Cu/Zn-SOD. The expression of Mn-SOD was preferentially enhanced by drought stress. Five POD isoforms were detected in oilseed rape leaves. The intensities of POD-4 and -5 were enhanced under drought stress. According to the results, the appearance of new isozyme bands under drought stress conditions may be used as a biochemical marker to differentiate drought tolerant cultivars under drought stress.

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NOVOTNA, Z. "Purification and characterisation of rape seed phospholipase D". Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 37, nr 7 (lipiec 1999): 531–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0981-9428(99)00150-3.

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Gu, Jin, Wei Li, Sheliang Wang, Xiaoyan Zhang, Anne Coules, Guangda Ding, Fangsen Xu, Jian Ren, Chungui Lu i Lei Shi. "Differential Alternative Splicing Genes in Response to Boron Deficiency in Brassica napus". Genes 10, nr 3 (18.03.2019): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10030224.

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Alternative splicing (AS) can increase transcriptome diversity, protein diversity and protein yield, and is an important mechanism to regulate plant responses to stress. Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), one of the main oil crops in China, shows higher sensitivity to boron (B) deficiency than other species. Here, we demonstrated AS changes that largely increased the diversity of the mRNA expressed in response to B deficiency in B. napus. Each gene had two or more transcripts on average. A total of 33.3% genes in both Qingyou10 (QY10, B-efficient cultivar) and Westar10 (W10, B-inefficient cultivar) showed AS in both B conditions. The types of AS events were mainly intron retention, 3′ alternative splice site, 5′ alternative splice site and exon skipping. The tolerance ability of QY10 was higher than that of W10, possibly because there were far more differential alternative splicing (DAS) genes identified in QY10 at low B conditions than in W10. The number of genes with both DAS and differentially expressed (DE) was far lower than that of the genes that were either with DAS or DE in QY10 and W10, suggesting that the DAS and DE genes were independent. Four Serine/Arginine-rich (SR) splicing factors, BnaC06g14780D, BnaA01g14750D, BnaA06g15930D and BnaC01g41640D, underwent differentially alternative splicing in both cultivars. There existed gene–gene interactions between BnaC06g14780D and the genes associated with the function of B in oilseed rape at low B supply. This suggests that oilseed rape could regulate the alterative pre-mRNA splicing of SR protein related genes to increase the plant tolerance to B deficiency.

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Grant, I., i W. D. Beversdorf. "Heterosis and combining ability estimates in spring-planted oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)". Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 27, nr 4 (1.08.1985): 472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g85-069.

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A 6 × 6 diallel cross was conducted in spring-planted oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in 1983 at Elora and Dundalk, Ontario. The F1 hybrids exhibited positive heterosis for seed yield, of up to 72%, over the higher-yielding parent in the hybrid crosses. Heterosis for 1000 seed weight, percent oil, plant height, and lodging resistance was nonsignificant; negative heterosis for percent protein was observed with some hybrids. Generally, the hybrids were intermediate to the parents in flowering date and physiological maturity. Specific combining ability was more important than general combining ability for seed yield, percent oil, percent protein, plant height (Dundalk), and lodging resistance (Elora); specific combining ability was as important as general combining ability for 1000 seed weight, physiological maturity, plant height (Elora), and lodging resistance (Dundalk). The cultivars 'Topas' and 'Regent' were the best general combiners for seed yield. The best specific combinations for seed yield heterosis, 'Westar' × 'Hanna', 'Regent' × 'Liné', and 'Regent' × 'D-1', exhibited average high-parent heterosis values of 50, 38, and 30%, respectively. The results demonstrated that considerable potential exists for producing high-yielding single-cross hybrids of oilseed rape. Commercial exploitation of this heterosis will depend on the successful development of suitable pollination control mechanisms.Key words: Brassica napus, oilseed rape, F1 hybrid, heterosis, combining ability.

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SIM, L. C., R. J. FROUD-WILLIAMS i M. J. GOODING. "The influence of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus ssp. oleifera var. biennis) canopy size on grass weed growth and grass weed seed return". Journal of Agricultural Science 145, nr 4 (16.01.2007): 313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859606006721.

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SUMMARYFour experiments conducted over three seasons (2002–05) at the Crops Research Unit, University of Reading, investigated effects of canopy management of autumn sown oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. ssp. oleifera var. biennis (DC.) Metzg.) on competition with grass weeds. Emphasis was placed on the effect of the crop on the weeds.Rape canopy size was manipulated using sowing date, seed rate and the application of autumn fertilizer. Lolium multiflorum Lam., L.×boucheanum Kunth and Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. were sown as indicative grass weeds.The effects of sowing date, seed rate and autumn nitrogen on crop competitive ability were correlated with rape biomass and fractional interception of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) by the rape floral layer, to the extent that by spring there was good evidence of crop: weed replacement.An increase in seed rate up to the highest plant densities tested increased both rape biomass and competitiveness, e.g. in 2002/3, L. multiflorum head density was reduced from 539 to 245 heads/m2 and spikelet density from 13 170 to 5960 spikelets/m2 when rape plant density was increased from 16 to 81 plants/m2. Spikelets/head of Lolium spp. was little affected by rape seed rate, but the length of heads of A. myosuroides was reduced by 9% when plant density was increased from 29–51 plants/m2.Autumn nitrogen increased rape biomass and reduced L. multiflorum head density (415 and 336 heads/m2 without and with autumn nitrogen, respectively) and spikelet density (9990 and 8220 spikelets/m2 without and with autumn nitrogen, respectively). The number of spikelets/head was not significantly affected by autumn nitrogen.Early sowing could increase biomass and competitiveness, but poor crop establishment sometimes overrode the effect. Where crop and weed establishment was similar for both sowing dates, a 2-week delay (i.e. early September to mid-September) increased L. multiflorum head density from 226 to 633 heads/m2 and spikelet density from 5780 to 15 060 spikelets/m2.

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Tang, Weijie, Xin He, Lunwen Qian, Feng Wang, Zhenhua Zhang, Chao Sun, Liangbin Lin i Chunyun Guan. "Comparative Transcriptome Analysis in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus) Reveals Distinct Gene Expression Details between Nitrate and Ammonium Nutrition". Genes 10, nr 5 (22.05.2019): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10050391.

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Nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+) are the main inorganic nitrogen (N) sources absorbed by oilseed rape, a plant that exhibits genotypic differences in N efficiency. In our previous study, the biomass, N accumulation, and root architecture of two oilseed rape cultivars, Xiangyou 15 (high N efficiency, denoted “15”) and 814 (low N efficiency, denoted “814”), were inhibited under NH4+ nutrition, though both cultivars grew normally under NO3− nutrition. To gain insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms, transcriptomic changes were investigated in the roots of 15 and 814 plants subjected to nitrogen-free (control, CK), NO3− (NT), and NH4+ (AT) treatments at the seedling stage. A total of 14,355 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Among the enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway categories of these DEGs, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, protein metabolism, and cell wall biogenesis were inhibited by AT treatment. Interestingly, DEGs such as N transporters, genes involved in N assimilation and CESA genes related to cellulose synthase were also mostly downregulated in the AT treatment group. This downregulation of genes related to crucial metabolic pathways resulted in inhibition of oilseed rape growth after AT treatment.

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Hu, Xiaojia, Daniel P. Roberts, Lihua Xie, Jude E. Maul, Changbing Yu, Yinshui Li, Shujie Zhang i Xing Liao. "Development of a biologically based fertilizer, incorporating Bacillus megaterium A6, for improved phosphorus nutrition of oilseed rape". Canadian Journal of Microbiology 59, nr 4 (kwiecień 2013): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2012-0579.

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Sustainable methods with diminished impact on the environment need to be developed for the production of oilseed rape in China and other regions of the world. A biological fertilizer consisting of Bacillus megaterium A6 cultured on oilseed rape meal improved oilseed rape seed yield (P < 0.0001) relative to the nontreated control in 2 greenhouse pot experiments using natural soil. This treatment resulted in slightly greater yield than oilseed rape meal without strain A6 in 1 of 2 experiments, suggesting a role for strain A6 in improving yield. Strain A6 was capable of solubilizing phosphorus from rock phosphate in liquid culture and produced enzymes capable of mineralizing organic phosphorus (acid phosphatase, phytase) in liquid culture and in the biological fertilizer. The biologically based fertilizer, containing strain A6, improved plant phosphorus nutrition in greenhouse pot experiments resulting in significantly greater available phosphorus in natural soil and in significantly greater plant phosphorus content relative to the nontreated control. Seed yield and available phosphorus in natural soil were significantly greater with a synthetic chemical fertilizer treatment, reduced in phosphorus content, than the biological fertilizer treatment, but a treatment containing the biological fertilizer combined with the synthetic fertilizer provided the significantly greatest seed yield, available phosphorus in natural soil, and plant phosphorus content. These results suggest that the biological fertilizer was capable of improving oilseed rape seed yield, at least in part, through the phosphorus-solubilizing activity of B. megaterium A6.

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Zhang, Xiaohua, Lu Zhang, Yuanpei Sun, Sheng Zheng, Juan Wang i Tengguo Zhang. "Hydrogen peroxide is involved in strigolactone induced low temperature stress tolerance in rape seedlings (Brassica rapa L.)". Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 157 (grudzień 2020): 402–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.006.

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Morgan, Colin, Adrian Bavage, Ian Bancroft, David Bruce, Robin Child, Catherine Chinoy, Jacky Summers i Eddie Arthur. "Using novel variation in Brassica species to reduce agricultural inputs and improve agronomy of oilseed rape—a case study in pod shatter resistance". Plant Genetic Resources 1, nr 1 (kwiecień 2003): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pgr200311.

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AbstractOilseed rape is a very undeveloped crop with regard to efficiency of production and the agronomic practice used to maximize its potential. The genetic potential to modify oilseed rape is limited by the narrow genetic base found within the breeding gene pool, resulting in limited novel variation available for exploitation. Novel variation is, however, present in wild diploid ancestors of oilseed rape and has been made available by developing synthetic Brassica napus. This is illustrated through the use of this material to develop an understanding of pod shattering which is one of the most agronomically important characteristics of the crop. Through a variety of approaches it is shown how progress has been made to understand this trait and how this understanding is being used to improve the crop such that efficiency of production will be enhanced.

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Orescanin, Bojana, Dragana Miladinovic, Ana Marjanovic-Jeromela, Slobodanka Pajevic, Milan Borisev, Natasa Nikolic i Igor Balalic. "Reaction of winter oilseed rape varieties to elevated concentrations of lead". Genetika 44, nr 3 (2012): 513–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1203513o.

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Remediation methods allow the removal of metals from contaminated soil, and phytoremediation a technology for cleaning contaminated soil and waste material by plants, is becoming increasingly used. Brassica napus L., as one of the main oilcrops and high-biomass producing species, is becoming more and more interesting for the use in phytoextraction as it is proved to be tolerant to higher concentrations of heavy metals. The aim of this study was to examine the specific responses of three commercial winter rapeseed varieties, Banacanka, Slavica and Kata, to the increased concentrations of lead in vitro. Significant reduction in root length of plants treated with lead was observed only in the variety Slavica, indicating susceptibility of this variety to the increased concentrations of this heavy metal. As in variety Kata a significant reduction in the length of the above-ground part due to the treatment with lead was detected, it could be concluded that the variety Banacanka is the most tolerant to the applied concentrations of lead since there were no significant changes in the growth and biomass accumulation in all treatments except one, and could be recommended for further use in phytoremediation studies.

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Jovicic, Dusica, Zorica Nikolic, Miroslav Zoric, Ana Marjanovic-Jeromela, Gordana Petrovic, Dragana Milosevic i Maja Ignjatov. "Viability of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) seeds under salt stress". Genetika 46, nr 1 (2014): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1401137j.

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Although salt stress affects all plant growth stages, seed germination and seedling growth stages are the most sensitive. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the seed viability of selected oilseed rape cultivars in saline conditions and to determine the most tolerant cultivars to salinity stress at germination stage. The experiment included four released oilseed rape cultivars. The salinity stress was simulated in vitro conditions by adding different concentrations of NaCl solution to the growing media. Testing of the seed viability was performed by using the standard laboratory method test and the accelerated aging test. In all four cultivars, with increasing concentrations of NaCl in the growing medium, significant changes were observed in determined characteristics. Results of accelerated aging test were lower than the standard laboratory test, which implies the importance of vigour tests as an additional indicator of physiological seed quality, especially under stress conditions. The most important source of variation is treatment, but the differences between the cultivars were also significant. Depending on traits, crossover and non-crossover cultivar ? treatment interactions were observed.

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Thorne, G. N., D. W. Wood i H. J. Stevenson. "Effects of nitrogen supply and drought on early development of winter wheat in the field in Eastern England". Journal of Agricultural Science 110, nr 1 (luty 1988): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600079752.

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SummaryDevelopment was studied in winter wheat sown after rape or after oats in September 1984, 1985 and 1986, and in October 1985. N03-N residues from rape in October exceeded those from oats by 60, 50 and 40 kg N/ha respectively in the 3 years. Previous crops affected development only in the 1984–5 season. The first 12 apical primordia were initiated faster after rape; thereafter rates were similar, wheat after rape having two more primordia than wheat after oats. Final numbers of leaves and spikelets were each increased by one. The first five leaves appeared faster after rape so that from December onwards the number of emerged leaves was one more after rape than after oats. The double ridge and terminal spikelet stages occurred 8 and 4 days respectively earlier after rape than after oats. Development was unaffected by N fertilizer applied in November or at various times from February onwards, although growth and N uptake were increased. Drought during autumn 1985 delayed emergence of the September-sown wheat and slowed the rates of initiation of the first ten primordia and appearance of the first four leaves. Consequently the number of shoots per plant in December was only about three cf. six in the other 2 years.

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Höglund, Anna-Stina, Joakim Rödin, Erik Larsson i Lars Rask. "Distribution of Napin and Cruciferin in Developing Rape Seed Embryos". Plant Physiology 98, nr 2 (1.02.1992): 509–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.98.2.509.

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Hain, R., i J. E. Thomzik. "Segregation of Triazine-Resistant Chloroplasts after Introduction into Winter Type Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) by Protoplast Fusion". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 45, nr 5 (1.05.1990): 478–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1990-0530.

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Abstract Triazine-resistant chloroplasts of the Canadian spring oilseed rape variety OAC Triton were transferred into four German winter oilseed rape lines and two cultivars of double-low quality by means of protoplast fusion. X-irradiation has been used to reduce the amount of nuclear D N A of the spring type cultivar and to promote cybrid formation. RFLP-analysis showed that some regenerants and their progeny carried both types of chloroplasts. In some instances regenerants and progeny containing mixtures of both chloroplasts not kept under selective conditions lost their triazine-resistant chloroplasts completely during further plant growth. Preliminary results of greenhouse and field experiments indicate that volunteer plants can be eliminated by application of 150-300 g/ha metribuzin (SencorR, Bayer AG) in a stand of triazine-resistant oilseed rape of double-low quality.

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Boideau, Franz, Alexandre Pelé, Coleen Tanguy, Gwenn Trotoux, Frédérique Eber, Loeiz Maillet, Marie Gilet i in. "A Modified Meiotic Recombination in Brassica napus Largely Improves Its Breeding Efficiency". Biology 10, nr 8 (13.08.2021): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10080771.

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Meiotic recombination is the main tool used by breeders to generate biodiversity, allowing genetic reshuffling at each generation. It enables the accumulation of favorable alleles while purging deleterious mutations. However, this mechanism is highly regulated with the formation of one to rarely more than three crossovers, which are not randomly distributed. In this study, we showed that it is possible to modify these controls in oilseed rape (Brassica napus, AACC, 2n = 4x = 38) and that it is linked to AAC allotriploidy and not to polyploidy per se. To that purpose, we compared the frequency and the distribution of crossovers along A chromosomes from hybrids carrying exactly the same A nucleotide sequence, but presenting three different ploidy levels: AA, AAC and AACC. Genetic maps established with 202 SNPs anchored on reference genomes revealed that the crossover rate is 3.6-fold higher in the AAC allotriploid hybrids compared to AA and AACC hybrids. Using a higher SNP density, we demonstrated that smaller and numerous introgressions of B. rapa were present in AAC hybrids compared to AACC allotetraploid hybrids, with 7.6 Mb vs. 16.9 Mb on average and 21 B. rapa regions per plant vs. nine regions, respectively. Therefore, this boost of recombination is highly efficient to reduce the size of QTL carried in cold regions of the oilseed rape genome, as exemplified here for a QTL conferring blackleg resistance.

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Belimov, Andrei A., Vera I. Safronova, Tatyana A. Sergeyeva, Tatyana N. Egorova, Victoria A. Matveyeva, Viktor E. Tsyganov, Alexey Y. Borisov i in. "Characterization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria isolated from polluted soils and containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase". Canadian Journal of Microbiology 47, nr 7 (1.07.2001): 642–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w01-062.

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Fifteen bacterial strains containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase were isolated from the rhizoplane of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) grown in different soils and a long-standing sewage sludge contaminated with heavy metals. The isolated strains were characterized and assigned to various genera and species, such as Pseudomonas brassicacearum, Pseudomonas marginalis, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas sp., Alcaligenes xylosoxidans, Alcaligenes sp., Variovorax paradoxus, Bacillus pumilus, and Rhodococcus sp. by determination of 16S rRNA gene sequences. The root elongation of Indian mustard and rape (Brassica napus var. oleifera L.) germinating seedlings was stimulated by inoculation with 8 and 13 isolated strains, respectively. The bacteria were tolerant to cadmium toxicity and stimulated root elongation of rape seedlings in the presence of 300 µM CdCl2 in the nutrient solution. The effect of ACC-utilising bacteria on root elongation correlated with the impact of aminoethoxyvinylglycine and silver ions, chemical inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis. A significant improvement in the growth of rape caused by inoculation with certain selected strains was also observed in pot experiments, when the plants were cultivated in cadmium-supplemented soil. The biomass of pea cv. Sparkle and its ethylene sensitive mutant E2 (sym5), in particular, was increased through inoculation with certain strains of ACC-utilising bacteria in pot experiments in quartz sand culture. The beneficial effect of the bacteria on plant growth varied significantly depending on individual bacterial strains, plant genotype, and growth conditions. The results suggest that plant growth promoting rhizobacteria containing ACC deaminase are present in various soils and offer promise as a bacterial inoculum for improvement of plant growth, particularly under unfavourable environmental conditions.Key words: ACC deaminase, cadmium, ethylene, Indian mustard, pea, phytoremediation, rape, rhizobacteria.

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Rao, M. S. S., i N. J. Mendham. "Soil–plant–water relations of oilseed rape (Brassica napus and B. campestris)". Journal of Agricultural Science 117, nr 2 (październik 1991): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185960006528x.

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SUMMARYChinoli (Brassica campestris subsp. oleifera × subsp. chinensis), Marnoo and Apetalous (B. napus), with contrasting morphological characters, were compared over four seasons in Tasmania in 1985/86 and 1986/87. The total water use estimated from a depth of 70 cm increased in proportion to irrigations. Before irrigation all the crops had a similar pattern of moisture extraction but differences between the lines, and due to irrigations, emerged after the irrigation treatments. The genotypic differences were clearer in the winter sowing of 1986/87, when the growing season was longer. Apetalous, when unirrigated, extracted a greater amount of water from the lower, wetter regions of the soil profile, particularly in the longer winter sowing when its water use was the same as in the treatment receiving one irrigation. With consistently higher stomatal conductance, Apetalous used more water than chinoli or Marnoo. It also maintained a higher turgor at lower osmotic potentials, suggesting a greater degree of drought tolerance than found in the short duration chinoli which, although it had a lower water use, also gave lower seed yields.

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SARDA, X., S. DIQUELOU, M. ABDALLAH, N. NESI, O. CANTAT, P. LE GOUEE, J. C. AVICE i A. OURRY. "Assessment of sulphur deficiency in commercial oilseed rape crops from plant analysis". Journal of Agricultural Science 152, nr 4 (1.03.2013): 616–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859613000105.

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SUMMARYSulphur (S) is one of the six main macroelements required to sustain the growth of plants. Sources include soil, fertilizer and atmospheric deposition, which has been reduced by 85% over the last three decades. Risks of S deficiencies are now recognized in high S-demanding species such as Brassica napus L. With the aims of evaluating the risk of excessive or insufficient fertilization and identifying robust relationships that may be used as plant S status indicators, 57 commercial crops of oilseed rape were selected among contrasting soils and along a rainfall gradient that may affect soil S availability. Cultivation practices were investigated and the S and nitrogen (N) concentrations of soil, senescing leaves, stems and seeds were analysed. Despite an excessive organic N supply and large variation in S supply (from 0 to 112 kg S/ha), principal component analysis using 43 parameters indicated that seed yield was poorly related to N and S fertilization rates. While the N and protein-N concentrations in seeds were inversely related to oil and glucosinolate concentrations, they were linked to S and sulphate (SO42−) accumulation in the seeds. Sulphate concentrations in senescing leaves, stems or seeds could be deduced from total S concentrations, as they were positively and highly correlated. Sulphate accounted for on average 0·69 of total S in senescing leaves with minimum and maximum values of 0·007 and 0·94, which revealed conditions of limited and excess supply of S, respectively. This high variation of SO42− concentration in leaves can be interpreted as the result of its mobilization triggered by S deficiency, but cannot be used alone as an indicator of plant S status. A comparison with plants grown in controlled conditions under different S supplies suggests that the intensity of S starvation affects N metabolism, leading to NO3− (nitrate) accumulation. It is further suggested that dual evaluation of SO42− and NO3− concentrations in senescing leaves could be used at the vegetative stage as a field indicator to adjust S fertilization.

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27

Wang, Zheng, Wen-Hua Zhang, Lu-Yue Ma, Xiao Li, Feng-Yun Zhao i Xiao-Li Tan. "Overexpression of Brassica napus NPR1 enhances resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in oilseed rape". Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 110 (kwiecień 2020): 101460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2020.101460.

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Singh, Mohan B., Patricia M. O'Neill i R. Bruce Knox. "Initiation of Postmeiotic β-Galactosidase Synthesis during Microsporogenesis in Oilseed Rape". Plant Physiology 77, nr 1 (1.01.1985): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.77.1.225.

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Darby, R. J., i D. P. Yeoman. "Effects of methods of cereal straw disposal, seedbed preparation and sowing method on the establishment, yield and oil content of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus)". Journal of Agricultural Science 122, nr 3 (czerwiec 1994): 393–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600067320.

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SUMMARYIn the first of two series of experiments the effects of barley straw disposal by burning, chopping and spreading or baling and removing on winter oilseed rape were tested after seedbed preparation either by ploughing in the residue or incorporation in the soil by tine cultivation. These treatments were compared in four field experiments on silty clay loam soils at Rothamsted, UK from 1986 to 1989. The winter rape was either sown in late August or mid-September in seedbeds where either none or 50 kg N/ha had been applied.In the first season, August-sown rape was successfully established after tine cultivation but very dry conditions prevented seedbed preparation after ploughing, consequently all ploughed treatments were sown in September. Continuing dry conditions delayed emergence of the September-sown crop, the resultant small rape seedlings suffered substantial winter kill in some treatments during a period of abnormally low temperatures. Yield from the August-sown treatments was large (c. 40 t/ha) and showed no effect of straw disposal treatment or additional seedbed N. The yield of the September-sown crop was influenced by the amount of winter kill sustained; the smallest yields resulted from tine incorporation, and the largest after ploughing, where they approached those of the early sown crop.In the following three seasons more plants emerged from September than from August sowings. The application of seedbed N increased the plant population of the August-sown crop where the straw had been burnt. Plant losses over winter ranged from 15 to 20% and were unaffected by straw disposal treatment. There were significant differences in yield resulting from season and sowing date. Incorporating chopped straw by tine cultivation significantly decreased yield which, coupled with a lower oil content in the September-sown crop, gave a significantly smaller oil yield.In a second series of field experiments from 1987 to 1989, the effects of improving the timeliness of rape establishment after winter wheat by broadcasting rape seed into standing wheat was compared with conventional sowing after preparing a post-harvest seedbed. After cereal harvest, straw was disposed of either by baling and removing or chopping and spreading over the rape seed. The application of 50 kg N/ha to the stubble or seedbed was also tested, as was the effect of increasing the seed rate from 8 to 16 kg/ha in two seasons.There were always fewer plants established from broadcasting than from drilling. Generally there were fewer winter losses from broadcast seed than from drilled. Applying N to seedbed or stubble had no effect on plant population or survival except where 16 kg/ha seed was sown in 1989 and increased yield in two of the three seasons.In spite of a smaller plant population from broadcast seed, yields were often larger from broadcast than drilled treatments. On average broadcasting the seed and baling the straw gave the largest yield although this was significant only in 1989.

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Niemelä, Tarja, Mervi Seppänen, Lauri Jauhiainen i Unto Tulisalo. "Transfer of the Kosena Rfk1 gene, required in hybrid seed production, from oilseed rape to turnip rape". Euphytica 175, nr 1 (22.04.2010): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10681-010-0171-6.

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Heard, M. S., C. Hawes, G. T. Champion, S. J. Clark, L. G. Firbank, A. J. Haughton, A. M. Parish i in. "Weeds in fields with contrasting conventional and genetically modified herbicide–tolerant crops. I. Effects on abundance and diversity". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 358, nr 1439 (16.10.2003): 1819–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1402.

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We compared the seedbanks, seed rains, plant densities and biomasses of weeds under two contrasting systems of management in beet, maize and spring oilseed rape. Weed seedbank and plant density were measured at the same locations in two subsequent seasons. About 60 fields were sown with each crop. Each field was split, one half being sown with a conventional variety managed according to the farmer's normal practice, the other half being sown with a genetically modified herbicide–tolerant (GMHT) variety, with weeds controlled by a broad–spectrum herbicide. In beet and rape, plant densities shortly after sowing were higher in the GMHT treatment. Following weed control in conventional beet, plant densities were approximately one–fifth of those in GMHT beet. In both beet and rape, this effect was reversed after the first application of broad–spectrum herbicide, so that late–season plant densities were lower in the GMHT treatments. Biomass and seed rain in GMHT crops were between one–third and one–sixth of those in conventional treatments. The effects of differing weed–seed returns in these two crops persisted in the seedbank: densities following the GMHT treatment were about 20% lower than those following the conventional treatment. The effect of growing maize was quite different. Weed density was higher throughout the season in the GMHT treatment. Late–season biomass was 82% higher and seed rain was 87% higher than in the conventional treatment. The difference was not subsequently detectable in the seedbank because the total seed return was low after both treatments. In all three crops, weed diversity was little affected by the treatment, except for transient effects immediately following herbicide application.

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32

Ma, Cheng, Zi-Qi Pei, Xue Bai, Ju-Yan Feng, Lu Zhang, Jie-Ru Fan, Juan Wang, Teng-Guo Zhang i Sheng Zheng. "Involvement of NO and Ca2+ in the enhancement of cold tolerance induced by melatonin in winter turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.)". Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 190 (listopad 2022): 262–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.09.011.

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Smýkalová, I., M. Větrovcová, M. Klíma, I. Macháčková i M. Griga. "Efficiency of Microspore Culture for Doubled Haploid Production in the Breeding Project “Czech Winter Rape”". Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 42, No. 2 (21.11.2011): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3655-cjgpb.

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A selected set of twenty inter-line F<sub>1</sub> hybrids of Brassica napus L. was evaluated for their capacity to produce microspore-derived doubled haploid (DH) plants subsequently utilized in the breeding project “Czech Winter Rape”. All tested genotypes were able to produce microspore-derived embryos based on the standardized protocol previously adopted for the Czech winter rape varieties/breeding lines; nevertheless, significant differences were found in the frequency of microspore-derived embryo production as related to particular genotypes. However, the fertile DH regenerants were obtained only in 12 hybrid lines of this set. The other 8 lines failed to produce fertile DH plants for several reasons, mainly due to altered morphology of microspore embryos connected with limited germination/conversion potential and due to unsuccessful colchicine treatment resulting in haploid or mixoploid (chimeric) regenerants exhibiting partial or full sterility. In general, colchicine treatment induced diploid (doubled haploid), polyploid (triploid, tetraploid) and mixoploid (containing both euploid and aneuploid nuclei) plants. The fully aneuploid plants were recorded only sporadically. Some modifications of culture protocol (removal of embryo cotyledons before transfer to a germination medium; production of more plantlets from a single embryo by rooting multiple shoots; repeated colchicine treatment of unsuccessfully doubled plants in a later phase of growth) could enhance the final yield of DH fertile regenerants in our experiments. In total, 590 microspore-derived regenerants were produced in a series of experiments, 236 (40%) of them represented fully fertile DH plants. The R2 seeds (progeny of DH R1-generation) of the most promising hybrid-lines were included in the tests of agronomic performance in field conditions.  

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Soares, Nina Reis, Marcelo Mollinari, Gleicy K. Oliveira, Guilherme S. Pereira i Maria Lucia Carneiro Vieira. "Meiosis in Polyploids and Implications for Genetic Mapping: A Review". Genes 12, nr 10 (27.09.2021): 1517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12101517.

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Plant cytogenetic studies have provided essential knowledge on chromosome behavior during meiosis, contributing to our understanding of this complex process. In this review, we describe in detail the meiotic process in auto- and allopolyploids from the onset of prophase I through pairing, recombination, and bivalent formation, highlighting recent findings on the genetic control and mode of action of specific proteins that lead to diploid-like meiosis behavior in polyploid species. During the meiosis of newly formed polyploids, related chromosomes (homologous in autopolyploids; homologous and homoeologous in allopolyploids) can combine in complex structures called multivalents. These structures occur when multiple chromosomes simultaneously pair, synapse, and recombine. We discuss the effectiveness of crossover frequency in preventing multivalent formation and favoring regular meiosis. Homoeologous recombination in particular can generate new gene (locus) combinations and phenotypes, but it may destabilize the karyotype and lead to aberrant meiotic behavior, reducing fertility. In crop species, understanding the factors that control pairing and recombination has the potential to provide plant breeders with resources to make fuller use of available chromosome variations in number and structure. We focused on wheat and oilseed rape, since there is an abundance of elucidating studies on this subject, including the molecular characterization of the Ph1 (wheat) and PrBn (oilseed rape) loci, which are known to play a crucial role in regulating meiosis. Finally, we exploited the consequences of chromosome pairing and recombination for genetic map construction in polyploids, highlighting two case studies of complex genomes: (i) modern sugarcane, which has a man-made genome harboring two subgenomes with some recombinant chromosomes; and (ii) hexaploid sweet potato, a naturally occurring polyploid. The recent inclusion of allelic dosage information has improved linkage estimation in polyploids, allowing multilocus genetic maps to be constructed.

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35

Hegelund, Josefine Nymark, Chang Liang, Uffe Bjerre Lauridsen, Oliver Kemp, Henrik Lütken i Renate Müller. "Increasing genetic variability in oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ) – Genotypes and phenotypes of oilseed rape transformed by wild type Agrobacterium rhizogenes". Plant Science 271 (czerwiec 2018): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.03.003.

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36

Daurova, Ainash, Dias Daurov, Dmitryi Volkov, Aibek Karimov, Zhandos Abai, Daniyar Raimbek, Kuanish Zhapar, Kabyl Zhambakin i Malika Shamekova. "Mutagenic treatment of microspore‐derived embryos of turnip rape ( Brassica rapa) to increase oleic acid content". Plant Breeding 139, nr 5 (12.05.2020): 916–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pbr.12830.

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37

Solecka, Danuta, Alain-M. Boudet i Alina Kacperska. "Phenylpropanoid and anthocyanin changes in low-temperature treated winter oilseed rape leaves". Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 37, nr 6 (czerwiec 1999): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0981-9428(99)80054-0.

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Kole, C., P. H. Williams, S. R. Rimmer i T. C. Osborn. "Linkage mapping of genes controlling resistance to white rust (Albugo candida) in Brassica rapa (syn. campestris) and comparative mapping to Brassica napus and Arabidopsis thaliana". Genome 45, nr 1 (1.02.2002): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g01-123.

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Genes for resistance to white rust (Albugo candida) in oilseed Brassica rapa were mapped using a recombinant inbred (RI) population and a genetic linkage map consisting of 144 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers and 3 phenotypic markers. Young seedlings were evaluated by inoculating cotyledons with A. candida race 2 (AC2) and race 7 (AC7) and scoring the interaction phenotype (IP) on a 09 scale. The IP of each line was nearly identical for the two races and the population showed bimodal distributions, suggesting that a single major gene (or tightly linked genes) controlled resistance to the two races. The IP scores were converted to categorical resistant and susceptible scores, and these data were used to map a single Mendelian gene controlling resistance to both races on linkage group 4 where resistance to race 2 had been mapped previously. A quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping approach using the IP scores detected the same major resistance locus for both races, plus a second minor QTL effect for AC2 on linkage group 2. These results indicate that either a dominant allele at a single locus (Aca1) or two tightly linked loci control seedling resistance to both races of white rust in the biennial turnip rape cultivar Per. The map positions of white rust resistance genes in B. rapa and Brassica napus were compared and the results indicate where additional loci that have not been mapped may be located. Alignment of these maps to the physical map of the Arabidopsis genome identified regions to target for comparative fine mapping using this model organism.Key words: plant disease, oilseed Brassica, molecular markers.

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39

Hauser, T. P., C. Damgaard i R. B. Jorgensen. "Frequency-dependent fitness of hybrids between oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and weedy B. rapa (Brassicaceae)". American Journal of Botany 90, nr 4 (1.04.2003): 571–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3732/ajb.90.4.571.

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40

Hoppe, Andreas, i Roland R. Theimer. "Enzymes for lipolysis and fatty acid metabolism in different organelle fractions from rape seed cotyledons". Planta 202, nr 2 (22.05.1997): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050123.

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Carswell, M. Christian, Bruce R. Grant i William C. Plaxton. "Disruption of the phosphate-starvation response of oilseed rape suspension cells by the fungicide phosphonate". Planta 203, nr 1 (18.08.1997): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050166.

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42

Singh, Vinay K., Susan M. Wood, Vicki L. Knowles i William C. Plaxton. "Phosphite accelerates programmed cell death in phosphate-starved oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ) suspension cell cultures". Planta 218, nr 2 (1.12.2003): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-003-1088-2.

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43

Špak, J., J. Lewis i G. R. Fenwick. "Changes in the glucosinolate content of oilseed rape plants following infection with turnip mosaic virus". Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 43, nr 6 (grudzień 1993): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/pmpp.1993.1071.

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Slusarenko, Alan J. "Molecular biology and crop improvement: A case study of wheat, oilseed rape and faba beans". Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 33, nr 2 (wrzesień 1988): 312–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0885-5765(88)90032-x.

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45

Carswell, M. Christian, Bruce R. Grant i William C. Plaxton. "Disruption of the phosphate-starvation response of oilseed rape suspension cells by the fungicide phosphonate". Planta 203, nr 1 (sierpień 1997): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00050166.

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46

Koprna, R., V. Kučera, I. Macháčková, J. Horáček i J. Ehrenbergerová. "Development of fertility restorers of winter oilseed rape with low glucosinolate content for the CMS Ogu-INRA system". Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 45, No. 3 (6.10.2009): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/71/2008-cjgpb.

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We have bred low glucosinolate (GSL) winter oilseed rape lines carrying the fertility restorer for the CMS Ogu-INRA system. The original restorer line BO20 contained 31μmol/g GSL in seeds, but by crossing this line with various low GSL CMS lines, followed by repeated selection of fertile segregants, we were able to obtain fertile lines with a mean GSL content in seeds of 11.8 μmol/g. This result confirmed that the gene(s) controlling the GSL content are not closely linked to the fertility restorer gene. The results confirm, that the SCAR marker SG34 is closely associated with the fertility restoring allele, and facilitates so the selection of fertile segregants; however, the marker is unable to distinguish between the homozygous RfRf and the heterozygous Rfrf genotypes.

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47

Bertrand, H., C. Plassard, X. Pinochet, B. Touraine, P. Normand i J. C. Cleyet-Marel. "Stimulation of the ionic transport system in Brassica napus by a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (Achromobacter sp.)". Canadian Journal of Microbiology 46, nr 3 (1.03.2000): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w99-137.

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A plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium belonging to the genus Achromobacter was isolated from the oilseed-rape (Brassica napus) root. Growth promotion bioassays were performed with oilseed rape seedlings in a growth chamber in test tubes containing attapulgite and mineral nutrient solution, containing NO3- as N source. The presence of this Achromobacter strain increased shoot and root dry weight by 22-33% and 6-21%, respectively. Inoculation of young seedlings with the Achromobacter bacteria induced a 100% improvement in NO3- uptake by the whole root system. Observations on the seminal root of seedlings 20 h after inoculation showed that there was an enhancement of both the number and the length of root hairs, compared to non-inoculated seedlings. Electrophysiological measurements of NO3- net flux with ion-selective microelectrodes showed that inoculation resulted in a specific increase of net nitrate flux in a root zone morphologically similar in inoculated and non-inoculated plants. The root area increased due to root hair stimulation by the Achromobacter bacteria, which might have contributed to the improvement of NO3- uptake by the whole root system, together with the enhancement of specific NO3- uptake rate. Moreover, inoculated plants showed increased potassium net influx and proton net efflux. Overall, the data presented suggest that the inoculation of oilseed-rape with the bacteria Achromobacter affects the mineral uptake.Key words: Brassica napus, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, Achromobacter sp., mineral uptake, root morphology.

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48

Ernst, Dieter, Hilkea Rosenbrock-Krestel, Gudrun Kirchhof, Evi Bieber, Nathela Giunaschwili, Rüdiger Müller, Gerhard Fischbeck, Tobias Wagner, Heinrich Sandermann i Anton Hartmann. "Molecular Investigations of the Soil, Rhizosphere and Transgenic Glufosinate-Resistant Rape and Maize Plants in Combination with Herbicide (Basta®) Application under Field Conditions". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 63, nr 11-12 (1.12.2008): 864–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2008-11-1214.

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Abstract A field study was conducted during 1994 to 1998 on the Experimental Farm Roggenstein, near Fürstenfeldbruck, Bavaria, Germany to determine the effect of transgenic glufosinateresistant rape in combination with the herbicide Basta® [glufosinate-ammonium, phosphinothricin, ammonium (2RS)-2-amino-4-(methylphosphinato) butyric acid] application on soil microorganisms and the behaviour of the synthetic transgenic DNA in response to normal agricultural practice. No influence of Basta® on microbial biomass could be detected. The phospholipid fatty acid analysis of soil extracts showed no difference between Basta® application and mechanical weed control, whereas conventional herbicide application revealed a different pattern. Basta® application resulted in a changed population of weeds with a selective effect for Viola arvensis. During senescence, transgenic rape DNA was degraded similar to endogenous control DNA. After ploughing the chopped plant material in the soil, transgenic as well as endogenous control DNA sequences could be detected for up to 4 weeks for rape and up to 7 months for maize, whereas PCR analysis of composted transgenic maize revealed the presence of the transgene over a period of 22 months.

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J⊘rgensen, Rikke B., i Bente Andersen. "Spontaneous hybridization between oilseed rape(Brassica napus)and weedyB. campestris(Brassicaceae):a risk of growing genetically modified oilseed rape". American Journal of Botany 81, nr 12 (grudzień 1994): 1620–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1994.tb11474.x.

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Bieker, Stefan, Lena Riester, Jasmin Doll, Jürgen Franzaring, Andreas Fangmeier i Ulrike Zentgraf. "Nitrogen Supply Drives Senescence-Related Seed Storage Protein Expression in Rapeseed Leaves". Genes 10, nr 2 (22.01.2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10020072.

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In general, yield and fruit quality strongly rely on efficient nutrient remobilization during plant development and senescence. Transcriptome changes associated with senescence in spring oilseed rape grown under optimal nitrogen supply or mild nitrogen deficiency revealed differences in senescence and nutrient mobilization in old lower canopy leaves and younger higher canopy leaves [1]. Having a closer look at this transcriptome analyses, we identified the major classes of seed storage proteins (SSP) to be expressed in vegetative tissue, namely leaf and stem tissue. Expression of SSPs was not only dependent on the nitrogen supply but transcripts appeared to correlate with intracellular H2O2 contents, which functions as well-known signaling molecule in developmental senescence. The abundance of SSPs in leaf material transiently progressed from the oldest leaves to the youngest. Moreover, stems also exhibited short-term production of SSPs, which hints at an interim storage function. In order to decipher whether hydrogen peroxide also functions as a signaling molecule in nitrogen deficiency-induced senescence, we analyzed hydrogen peroxide contents after complete nitrogen depletion in oilseed rape and Arabidopsis plants. In both cases, hydrogen peroxide contents were lower in nitrogen deficient plants, indicating that at least parts of the developmental senescence program appear to be suppressed under nitrogen deficiency.

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