Artykuły w czasopismach: „Ramsar Convention”

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Bowman, Michael J. "Ramsar Convention". International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 10, nr 4 (1995): 547–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180895x00286.

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Jensen, Jeanette, i Alex Gardner. "A Legal Obligation to Restore Wetlands by Environmental Water Allocations". Chinese Journal of Environmental Law 1, nr 2 (7.02.2017): 158–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24686042-12340012.

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Abstract Wetlands worldwide require significant restoration, especially through environmental water allocations. This article examines the Ramsar Convention (Ramsar) and the Convention on Biological Diversity (cbd) to ascertain whether they require an obligation to restore wetlands by such means. While both conventions contain a general obligation to restore, that obligation appears too uncertain, due to either the disputable status of the language of the text (Ramsar) or the qualifying language expressing it (cbd). The Ramsar obligation, arguably, amounts to a legal obligation that is potentially enforceable in the icj against another contracting party. The article recognizes that the obligation is practically difficult to enforce because: the Convention does not provide a formal dispute settlement procedure; the obligation is derived from guidance in numerous Conference of the Parties resolutions, and is subject to certain exceptions. Further, there is a judicial reluctance to find that the facts prove a breach of the obligations and warrant a remedy. The authors argue, however, that restoration goals are, in fact, achievable through Convention amendments or by an additional protocol.

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Davidson, N. C., L. Dinesen, S. Fennessy, C. M. Finlayson, P. Grillas, A. Grobicki, R. J. McInnes i D. A. Stroud. "A review of the adequacy of reporting to the Ramsar Convention on change in the ecological character of wetlands". Marine and Freshwater Research 71, nr 1 (2020): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18328.

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We review the mechanisms established by the Ramsar Convention for reporting on the status and change in the ecological character of wetlands. We assess the extent of their implementation and compliance, but not issues of the adequacy of their design nor the consequences of their extent of implementation. We conclude that, with the exception of qualitative national-scale reporting in triennial Contracting Party National Reports, there is inadequate implementation and compliance with most of these mechanisms, notably concerning required reporting under Article 3.2 of the Convention and the updating of the Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS). This limits the ability of the Convention to assess the status, and trends in status, of designated Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Sites), and to inform future decision-making and priority-setting for the wise use of all wetlands. As has been recognised by the Ramsar Convention, unless compliance with these mechanisms is improved, sufficient information will not be gathered through the mechanisms of Ramsar Convention to assess fully the Sustainable Development Goal 6.6.1 indicator supported by the Convention on change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time.

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Bowman, M. J. "The Ramsar Convention Comes of Age". Netherlands International Law Review 42, nr 01 (maj 1995): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165070x00003363.

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Rahmani, Asad R. "Dihaila Jheel—a new candidate for the Ramsar Convention". Oryx 22, nr 4 (październik 1988): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300022341.

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Wetland and waterfowl protection has become a major concern of the Indian Government recently. Among the 300 or so wildlife sanctuaries and national parks in India, wetland habitat is under-represented. There are nearly 20 bird sanctuaries, but only two wetlands—Bharatpur and Chilka—are listed under the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar Convention). There is certainly great scope to add more sites to the Ramsar list of wetlands. The author has identified one candidate—Dihaila Jheel in Madhya Pradesh state—and exciting new initiatives are now being taken to protect and manage it with a view to recommending it as a Ramsar site.

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Davidson, N. C., L. Dinesen, S. Fennessy, C. M. Finlayson, P. Grillas, A. Grobicki, R. J. McInnes i D. A. Stroud. "Trends in the ecological character of the world's wetlands". Marine and Freshwater Research 71, nr 1 (2020): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18329.

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We assessed trends in the ecological character of wetlands generally and of Ramsar Sites reported in 2011, 2014 and 2017 by the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in their national reports. There was more widespread deterioration than improvement in the ecological character of wetlands generally, with deterioration increasingly more widespread between 2011 and 2017. The ecological-character trends in Ramsar Sites were significantly better than those of wetlands generally, but an increasingly more widespread deterioration of ecological character was reported between 2011 and 2017. Trends in the ecological character of wetlands generally, and of Ramsar Sites were worst in Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean, and recently also in Oceania, and better in North America and Europe. Deterioration in the ecological character of Ramsar Site was more widespread in countries with a large average area of their Ramsar Sites. This information on trends of wetland ecological character can contribute to assessing the achievement of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goal Target 6.6 and Aichi Biodiversity Target 5. Our analysis indicated that the 1971 aim of the Ramsar Convention to stem the degradation of wetlands has not yet been achieved.

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Bridgewater, Peter, i Rakhyun E. Kim. "The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands at 50". Nature Ecology & Evolution 5, nr 3 (1.02.2021): 268–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-021-01392-5.

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Hamman, Evan, Tess Van Geelen i Afshin Akhtar-Khavari. "Governance tools for the conservation of wetlands: the role of the Montreux Record under the Ramsar Convention". Marine and Freshwater Research 70, nr 11 (2019): 1493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18483.

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The Ramsar Convention is the world’s most important international treaty governing wetland environments. Since the 1970s, the Convention has concerned itself with listing and protecting wetlands of international significance. However, in the past three decades, a focus has shifted from the identification of potential sites, towards addressing adverse changes in their ‘ecological character’. One of the few mechanisms Ramsar has at its disposal for achieving this is the Montreux Record (MR). The MR, first established in 1990, is a kind of ‘in danger’ list for Ramsar sites that have undergone, are undergoing, or are likely to undergo, adverse ecological change. Unlike other in-danger lists, such as, for example, under the World Heritage Convention, the MR is entirely voluntary and not deployed as a disciplinary measure or reputational sanction. The empirical research presented in this paper shows the declining use and importance of the MR. The paper provides an analysis of the composition and use of the MR from 1990 to 2018 and generates recommendations for how it might be used more effectively. The findings in this paper are significant, given the rapid declines of many Ramsar sites around the world.

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Anggara, Alam Surya. "Aspek Hukum Pelestarian Lahan Basah pada Situs Ramsar di Indonesia (Studi Terhadap Implementasi Konvensi Ramsar 1971 di Taman Nasional Tanjung Puting)". Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada 30, nr 2 (7.08.2018): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jmh.29577.

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AbstractThe Ramsar Convention have been transformed and implemented into Indonesian law. In practice, still found non-synchronized regulations that have not been able to implement the sustainable and wise use of wetlands. The prevention of peatland degradation must be holistic by involving the community and make intens socialization in order to create a sense of belonging and ownership. It is the purpose of this article to analyze the implementation of the Ramsar Convention 1971 on the peatland ecosystem protection and management at Tanjung Puting National Park, Central Kalimantan, and related to how Government efforts and policy to prevent the degradation of peatland since it was established as Ramsar Site in Indonesia.IntisariKetentuan-ketentuan dalam Konvensi Ramsar telah dilaksanakan dan ditransformasikan ke dalam peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia. Dalam praktiknya, masih ditemukan peraturan-peraturan yang tidak sinkron, sehingga belum dapat melaksanakan komitmen pemanfaatan lahan basah secara bijaksana dan berkelanjutan. Upaya pencegahan degradasi gambut harus dilaksanakan secara holistik dengan mengikutsertakan masyarakat dan mengintensifkan sosialisasi agar tercipta sense of belonging, dan ownership. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi Konvensi Ramsar 1971 terkait perlindungan dan pengelolaan ekosistem gambut di Taman Nasional Tanjung Puting, Kalimantan Tengah. Sekaligus untuk melihat sejauh mana upaya Pemerintah dalam mencegah degradasi ekosistem gambut, sejak Tanjung Puting ditetapkan sebagai Situs Ramsar di Indonesia.

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Mao, D., Z. Wang, Y. Wang, C. Y. Choi, M. Jia, M. V. Jackson i R. A. Fuller. "Remote Observations in China’s Ramsar Sites: Wetland Dynamics, Anthropogenic Threats, and Implications for Sustainable Development Goals". Journal of Remote Sensing 2021 (15.05.2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2021/9849343.

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The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands is an international framework through which countries identify and protect important wetlands. Yet Ramsar wetlands are under substantial anthropogenic pressure worldwide, and tracking ecological change relies on multitemporal data sets. Here, we evaluated the spatial extent, temporal change, and anthropogenic threat to Ramsar wetlands at a national scale across China to determine whether their management is currently sustainable. We analyzed Landsat data to examine wetland dynamics and anthropogenic threats at the 57 Ramsar wetlands in China between 1980 and 2018. Results reveal that Ramsar sites play important roles in preventing wetland loss compared to the dramatic decline of wetlands in the surrounding areas. However, there are declines in wetland area at 18 Ramsar sites. Among those, six lost a wetland area greater than 100 km2, primarily caused by agricultural activities. Consistent expansion of anthropogenic land covers occurred within 43 (75%) Ramsar sites, and anthropogenic threats from land cover change were particularly notable in eastern China. Aquaculture pond expansion and Spartina alterniflora invasion were prominent threats to coastal Ramsar wetlands. The observations within China’s Ramsar sites, which in management regulations have higher levels of protection than other wetlands, can help track progress towards achieving United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study findings suggest that further and timely actions are required to control the loss and degradation of wetland ecosystems.

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Arnaoutoglou, Filis. "La Convention de Ramsar et le Conseil d'État grec". Revue Juridique de l'Environnement 14, nr 2 (1989): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rjenv.1989.2473.

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Fitzmaurice, Malgosia. "Biodiversity and Climate Change". International Community Law Review 23, nr 2-3 (29.06.2021): 230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18719732-12341473.

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Abstract This article analyses the question of a relationship between biodiversity and climate change. The legal framework for the protection of biodiversity from climate change is contained in the climate change system of treaties, i.e. the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; the 1997 Kyoto Protocol; the 2015 Paris Agreement, on one hand; and the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity on the other. There are also important global Conventions which contribute to combating of impacts of climate change on biodiversity, such as the Desertification Convention and the Ramsar Convention. The article discusses the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities within the context of climate change and biodiversity. The case study is the Arctic, which illustrates the impact of climate change on biodiversity.

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Aznar, Mariano J. "Spain and Marine Protected Areas: Recent Developments". International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 33, nr 4 (13.11.2018): 847–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-12334051.

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Abstract Spain has just declared a new marine protected area in the Mediterranean. This follows a protective trend taken by Spanish authorities during the last decades and has permitted Spain to honour its international compromises under the Convention on Biological Diversity. It contributes to a framework of protected areas established under conventional regimes such as OSPAR, RAMSAR or EU Natura 2000. The new area protects a ‘cetacean corridor’ and will be inscribed in the list of Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Importance under the Barcelona Convention regional framework.

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Finlayson, C. Max, S. Fennessy, P. Grillas i R. Kumar. "Commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands". Marine and Freshwater Research 73, nr 10 (14.09.2022): i—v. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf22161.

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This issue of Marine and Freshwater Research celebrates 50 years of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, which was signed in 1971. It contains papers that describe the development of the Convention and its implementation, including the listing of wetlands of international importance and maintenance of their ecological character. The latter is a fundamental issue for wetland management as illustrated in papers that address a range of management issues, including the impact of climate change, and approaches for building awareness about their values, and concludes with a forward view for potentially reframing human–wetland relationships.

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Joshi, Deepa, Bryce Gallant, Arunima Hakhu, Sanjiv De Silva, Cynthia McDougall, Mark Dubois i Indika Arulingam. "Ramsar Convention and the Wise Use of Wetlands: Rethinking Inclusion". Ecological Restoration 39, nr 1-2 (marzec 2021): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.39.01-02.36.

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Goodwin, Edward J. "Conservation of Coral Reefs Under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands". Journal of International Wildlife Law & Policy 9, nr 1 (styczeń 2006): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880290500343657.

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Prahalad, Vishnu, i Lorne Kriwoken. "Implementation of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in Tasmania, Australia". Journal of International Wildlife Law & Policy 13, nr 3 (lipiec 2010): 205–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880292.2010.486697.

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Katz, Mireille. "Regina Amendments to Ramsar Convention on Wetlands Come Into Force". Environmental Conservation 21, nr 1 (1994): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900024152.

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Kasoar, Tim, Philline S. E. zu Ermgassen, Alvar Carranza, Boze Hancock i Mark Spalding. "New opportunities for conservation of a threatened biogenic habitat: a worldwide assessment of knowledge on bivalve-reef representation in marine and coastal Ramsar Sites". Marine and Freshwater Research 66, nr 11 (2015): 981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf14306.

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The present study draws attention to the current state of knowledge of bivalve reef, an important but historically overlooked habitat type. Recent interest has led to the explicit recognition of this habitat type under the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (the Ramsar Convention), an international treaty that has widespread governmental and scientific involvement. To assess the state of knowledge, the Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS) for marine and coastal Sites was searched for evidence that bivalve-reef habitat is present in the site. We then examined the quality of this information using alternative data sources. These were public databases of geolocated species records at three spatial scales, local and regional experts, and a general web search. It was found that of the 893 marine and coastal Ramsar Sites considered, the RIS for 16 Sites provided strong evidence of bivalve-reef habitat and 99 had confirmed presence of reef-forming bivalves, a strikingly high number, given that it is not yet compulsory to include bivalve reef in RISs. However, the alternative information sources identified bivalve reefs or reef-forming bivalves in 142 further Sites. No one information source provided comprehensive information, highlighting the overall poor state of knowledge of this habitat type.

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Finlayson, C. M. "Linking Science to International Wetland Policy – the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands". Marine and Freshwater Research 65, nr 7 (2014): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf14103.

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McInnes, Robert J., Matthew Simpson, Beatriz Lopez, Robbie Hawkins i Robert Shore. "Wetland Ecosystem Services and the Ramsar Convention: an Assessment of Needs". Wetlands 37, nr 1 (25.11.2016): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13157-016-0849-1.

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Verhoeven, Jos T. A. "Water-quality issues in Ramsar wetlands". Marine and Freshwater Research 65, nr 7 (2014): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf13092.

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Wetland water chemistry, i.e. the concentrations of macro ions in the water, encompasses an important component of the ecological character of a wetland. Of these ions, nutrients play a very active role because they are exchanged between living organisms and the environment via cycling processes involving plants, animals and microbes in the ecosystem. Because many wetlands in agricultural or densely populated parts of the earth are subject to enlarged nutrient inputs, their ecological character may be affected. At the same time, nutrients are processed and retained from the through-flowing water. The present article summarises these aspects of water quality in wetlands and reflects on the development of guidance for managers of wetlands listed as internationally important under the Ramsar Convention. Protection of the water-chemistry characteristics as part of the ecological character of the wetland, consequences of nutrient loading and opportunities for nutrient retention and their limitations are critically evaluated.

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Tiéga, Anada. "Ramsar Convention on Wetlands: 40 Years of Biodiversity Conservation and Wise Use". Journal of International Wildlife Law & Policy 14, nr 3-4 (1.07.2011): 173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880292.2011.626686.

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Bridgewater, Peter. "A New Context for the Ramsar Convention: Wetlands in a Changing World". Review of European Community & International Environmental Law 17, nr 1 (kwiecień 2008): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9388.2008.00582.x.

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Mauerhofer, Volker, Rakhyun E. Kim i Casey Stevens. "When implementation works: A comparison of Ramsar Convention implementation in different continents". Environmental Science & Policy 51 (sierpień 2015): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2015.03.016.

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Griffin, Pamela J., i Saleem H. Ali. "Managing transboundary wetlands: the Ramsar Convention as a means of ecological diplomacy". Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences 4, nr 3 (10.06.2014): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13412-014-0173-0.

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Finlayson, C. Max, S. Fennessy, P. Grillas i R. Kumar. "Commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands – part 2". Marine and Freshwater Research 74, nr 3 (2.02.2023): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf23007.

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Pittock, Jamie. "A pale reflection of political reality: Integration of global climate, wetland, and biodiversity agreements". Climate Law 1, nr 3 (2010): 343–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/cl-2010-017.

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Avoiding dangerous climate change, conserving biodiversity, and sustaining water resources are three of the greatest environmental challenges facing humanity: their expression and management are inextricably linked. National governments have adopted multilateral environmental agreements to respond to these issues by providing mandates for action, setting higher environmental standards, mobilizing resources, and sharing knowledge. This article examines whether three relevant, global conventions—the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Convention on Biological Diversity, and the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands—are being implemented as effectively and efficiently as possible by managing conflicts and enhancing positive synergies among them through integrative mechanisms. Systematic analysis of the conventions identifies many conflicts between measures adopted under the UNFCCC and the two biodiversity-related conventions, as well as unrealized positive synergies. Detailed assessment of integrative mechanisms reveals isolated examples of good practice. More commonly, integrative measures were not being used, particularly by the UNFCCC. After more than a decade of attempts to expand interconvention collaboration and harmonization, I conclude that voluntary efforts need to be replaced by financial incentives or governance reforms if perverse impacts are to be avoided and these agreements are to be better implemented.

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Sugiura, Mikiko. "“Wise Use” in Watarase-yusuichi Creating New Value through the Integration of Stakeholders". International Journal of Social Science Studies 7, nr 3 (9.04.2019): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v7i3.4168.

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Watarease-yusuichi, a man-made retarding basin, which has functioned as a flood control for about 100 years, entered a new phase in 2012 as a registered site under the Ramsar Convention. Through diversification of wetland use, despite the complexity of the root of the Convention’s “wise use,” Watarase-yusuichi represents a unique perspective on sustainable development so that wetlands can continue creating new value for human society. The emerging ecological function as the habitat for endangered fauna and flora exemplifies not only the universal paradigm shift in human involvement in the wetland’s use, but also the importance of the integration of stakeholders regarding the issues of wetland management as IRBM (the Integrated River Basin Management), which gives us more holistic perspective on a participatory and comprehensive approach to planning and management. Regarding the integration of stakeholders, despite the significant differences in original ideas on wetland management, it should be noted that five major types of stakeholders, including the local and scholarly communities, collaborated to device a future plan for Watarase-yusuichi through lengthy discussions. The several challenges remain in terms of “wise use” even after the successful designation under the Ramsar Convention. One of the difficulties is how to share a common goal or incentive among groups with different interests. Taking the advantage of wetland’s characteristics distinguished from other water-related facilities such as a multi-purpose dam reservoir, regular and innovative action should be taken, such as information dispatch from individuals.

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C. Paton, David, Daniel J. Rogers, Kane Aldridge, Brian Deegan i Justin Brookes. "A future for the Coorong and Lower Lakes". Pacific Conservation Biology 15, nr 1 (2009): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc090007.

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The Coorong and Lower Lakes are listed as a Wetland of International Significance under the Ramsar Convention. This wetland system was nominated because of the diversity of wetlands that were supported: fresh, estuarine and hypermarine; and because of the importance of the area to vast numbers of water birds: ducks, swans, pelicans, terns, grebes, and migratory sandpipers and endemic shorebirds (stilts, avocets).

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Ballesteros-Pelegrín, Gustavo, Daniel Ibarra-Marinas i Ramón García-Marín. "The Vega Alta of Segura River (Southeast of Spain): A Wetland of International Importance". Sustainability 13, nr 6 (12.03.2021): 3145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063145.

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The Ramsar Convention is an intergovernmental treaty for the conservation and wise use of wetlands, which establishes nine criteria related to natural values and a cultural one that wetlands must meet to be included in the list of wetlands of international importance. We aim to evaluate if the wetlands of the Vega Alta of the Segura River (southeast of Spain) meet the requirements to fulfil this agreement. Thanks to meticulous fieldwork and a bibliographic review related to the stated objective, we collected information on the existing environmental and cultural values. The results show that this set of wetlands is home to 11 species of threatened vertebrates in Spain, two priority habitats in the European Union, as well as cultural values related to their origin, conservation, and ecological functioning. Likewise, in the area there are archaeological sites, traditional uses of water associated with the cultivation of rice, and religious manifestations. Effective wetland inventories and rigorous analyzes of their ecological and environmental characteristics, as well as their socioeconomic functions, need to be carried out in order to improve their management and protection. This wetland certainly meets three criteria to be included in the Ramsar Convention list of wetlands.

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Dervisoglu, Adalet. "Analysis of the Temporal Changes of Inland Ramsar Sites in Turkey Using Google Earth Engine". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, nr 8 (31.07.2021): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080521.

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Ramsar Convention (RC) is the first of modern intergovernmental agreement on the conscious use and conservation of natural resources. It provides a platform for contracting parties working together to develop the best available data, advice, and policy recommendations to increase awareness of the benefits of wetlands in nature and society. Turkey became a party of the RC in 1994, and in the years 1994 to 2013, 14 wetlands that reached the Ramsar criteria were recognized as Ramsar sites (RS). With this study, all inland RS in Turkey from 1985 to 2020 were examined, and changes in the water surface areas were evaluated on the GEE cloud computing platform using Landsat satellite images and the NDWI index. The closest meteorological station data to each RS were evaluated and associated with the surface area changes. The reasons for the changes in these areas, besides the meteorological effects, have been scrutinized using management plans and publications. As a result, inland wetlands decreased at different rates from 1985 to 2020, with a total loss of 31.38% and 21,571.0 ha for the spring months. Since the designation dates of RS, the total amount of water surface area reduction was 27.35%, constituting 17,758.90 ha.

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Connolly, Kim Diana. "Multipolar Governance Across Environmental Treaty Regimes: The Ramsar Convention in its Middle Age". Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 107 (2013): 440–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/procannmeetasil.107.0440.

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Iza, Alejandro. "Developments under the Ramsar Convention: Allocation of Water for River and Wetland Ecosystems". Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 13, nr 1 (kwiecień 2004): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9388.2004.00382.x.

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Ibrahimov, Tahir O., i Numuna K. Nagiyeva. "Landscape of the Aghgol Ramsar area". Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 31, nr 4 (9.01.2023): 635–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112259.

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The article deals with natural conditions and present landscape of the Aghgol National park (Aghgol Ramsar Area). The work has been based on author’s field research and respective scientific materials. A large-scale landscape map of the mentioned national park has been compiled together for the first time with distinctive features of landscape types and kinds. Aghgol, situated in the Mil plain of the Kur-Araz lowlands has a semi-desert landscape and is an important overwintering and nesting place for birds. In the dry areas of the National Park, grass-swamp, gray-grass, saline and silicified grass-swamp, saline and silicified gray-grass soils are widespread. Its largest part is the Lake Aghgol, an internationally recognized area of global importance which was declared as Important Bird Area (IBA) when it was placed in the list of Ramsar wetlands of international importance in 2001. The Aghgol national park was founded on the basis of Aghgol natural reserve, Aghgol state preserve and adjoining territories under a decree of the President of the Azerbaijan Republic dated July 5, 2003. The main purpose of the creation of Aghgol National Park is to protect important wetlands, the semi-desert landscape characteristic of that area, endangered species of fauna living in and around the lake, to reintroduce some species of fauna characteristic of the area to their former territories, as well as to monitor the environment, to ensure the ecological education of the population and the development of ecotourism. The lake is mostly surrounded by reeds. The park is designed to protect the marshy ecological system, as the nesting and wintering places of migratory and water birds. Aghgol has been incorporated into the list of UNESCO’s convention «On internationally important marshy areas as the residing places of birds».

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Padonou, Elie Antoine, N. Innocent Gbaï, Moustapha Arèmou Kolawolé, Rodrigue Idohou i Mireille Toyi. "How far are mangrove ecosystems in Benin (West Africa) conserved by the Ramsar Convention?" Land Use Policy 108 (wrzesień 2021): 105583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105583.

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Gaget, E., I. Le Viol, D. Pavón-Jordán, V. Cazalis, C. Kerbiriou, F. Jiguet, N. Popoff i in. "Assessing the effectiveness of the Ramsar Convention in preserving wintering waterbirds in the Mediterranean". Biological Conservation 243 (marzec 2020): 108485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108485.

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De Klemm, Cyrille. "La Convention de Ramsar et la conservation des zones humides côtières, particulièrement en Méditerranée". Revue Juridique de l'Environnement 15, nr 4 (1990): 577–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rjenv.1990.2647.

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Davidson, Nick, i David Coates. "The Ramsar Convention and Synergies for Operationalizing the Convention on Biological Diversity's Ecosystem Approach for Wetland Conservation and Wise Use". Journal of International Wildlife Law & Policy 14, nr 3-4 (1.07.2011): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880292.2011.626707.

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Trouwborst, Arie. "Global large herbivore conservation and international law". Biodiversity and Conservation 28, nr 14 (25.09.2019): 3891–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-019-01856-y.

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Abstract Large wild herbivore species are important to ecosystems and human societies, but many of them are threatened and in decline. International wildlife treaties have a role to play in arresting and reversing these declines. This paper provides a global overview and analysis of relevant legal instruments and their roles regarding the conservation of the 73 largest terrestrial herbivores, i.e., those with a body mass of ≥ 100 kg. Outcomes reveal both significant positive contributions and shortcomings of the Ramsar Wetlands Convention, the World Heritage Convention, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, the Convention on Migratory Species and its subsidiary instruments, the Convention on Biological Diversity, and a range of regional and bilateral treaties. Maximizing the potential of these treaties, and attaining their objectives regarding the conservation and restoration of large herbivores, requires substantial increases in funding and political will. Even before such game-changing increases occur, however, it remains worthwhile to seek and use the many opportunities that exist within the current international legal framework for enhancing the conservation of the world’s largest herbivores.

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Kaushik, Tirshem Kumar, i Rohtash Chand Gupta. "Deteriorating rural ponds : A threat to overseas migratory wetland birds in Kurukshetra suburbs, Haryana, India". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 6, nr 2 (1.12.2014): 570–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v6i2.499.

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The present study addresses the problem of ongoing destruction of traditional age old rural wetlands in Haryana in the last 10 years. It is a grave issue which stands accelerated due to anthropogenic unawareness and in deliberate destruction. In all, 59 species of wetland birds belonging to 10 orders and 17 families were recorded from Palwal rural pond in Kurukshetra district in India during 2005-2012. The presence and that too in higher numbers of Purple Moorhen Porphyrio porphyrio and Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus hints towards the over excessive growth of hyacinth and water reeds thus making it an ideal place for these birds which are the harbingers of total eutrophication of a certain water body. The other birds seen in the pond are White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus, Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus, Large Egret Ardea alba and Median Egret Mesophoyx intermedia. Pond Herons Ardeola grayii were in few numbers. Black winged Stilts Himantopus himantopus were in more number thus indicating the presence of sludge in water and its shallowness. Cattle egrets were in large number indicating its negative character. The lackluster attitude of Govt. of Haryana will result in its total destruction in 5-10 years. Similar situation may be extended to nearby village ponds to worsen their condition too. Ramsar Convention (1971) pleads for preservation, protection and conservation of wetlands of all hues. Village ponds in Haryana should be revived by seeking co-operation from the Head Quarter of Ramsar Convention at Switzerland.

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Joshi, Dipesh, i Ananta Ram Bhandari. "Shifting Paradigms in Wetland Governance: Shaping and Reshaping Conservation". Journal of Forest and Livelihood 14, nr 1 (31.08.2016): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v14i1.23163.

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The Ramsar Convention came into force in Nepal in 1988 and it was an expression of the country’s commitment to wetland conservation. Despite this, wetlands continue to degrade rapidly across Nepal. This paper examines the cross-cutting issue of wetland governance in Nepal with a case of a Ramsar site, sheds light on the recent developments and identifies its implications for the future. Wetland conservation has remained centralized in the past, with power vested in the state to manage through ministries and district offices. The irony is that numerous sectoral agencies claimed authority over its governance but failed to deliver its effective management. The paper suggests that wetland governance models will need to improve their design in order to espouse participation of non-state actors and to enhance synergies at all levels (local-district-national). Since there are no blueprint models or panacea for a multi-faceted resource such as wetlands, a critical balance should be maintained between efficiency of the design while ensuring adequate and meaningful space for engagement of non-state actors.

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Bramley Jemain Lemine. "Developing a Strategy For Efficient Environmental Authorisation of Activities Affecting Wetlands in South Africa: Towards a Wise-Use Approach". Obiter 41, nr 1 (1.04.2020): 154–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/obiter.v41i1.10555.

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South Africa is a party to the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat of 1971 (also referred to as the Ramsar Convention). Article 3(1) of the Ramsar Convention makes provision for the wise use of wetlands, which is defined as the “maintenance of the ecological character, achieved through the implementation of ecosystem approaches, within the context of sustainable development”. The Conference of the Parties has agreed on inherent weaknesses that could lead to the hampering of wise use. These weaknesses include, but are not limited to, authorities working in isolation; and the lack of communication between public and private sectors or technical personnel (environmental impact assessment specialists). Within the enabling provisions of South Africa’s EIA regulations, reference is made to “water source”, “water resource”, “wetland” and “ecosystem”. All these terms are read to include a wetland. However, whereas the terms “water source”, “water resource” and “wetland” are defined in the National Water Act 36 of 1998 (NWA), an “ecosystem” is defined in the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act 10 of 2004 (NEMBA), and “water source” is defined in the Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act 43 of 1983 (CARA). Furthermore, the administration of the NWA is with the Department of Water and Sanitation, while NEMBA is with the Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries, and CARA is with the Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development. This multiplicity, combined with the application of the various specific environmental management acts (SEMAs), complicates the manner in which an EIA application is considered. This is so in that the national environmental framework casts the net wide in identifying the competent authority, but also in its effect on wise use decision making on activities pertaining to wetlands. In light of the aforementioned, this article aims to address the shortfalls and make recommendations that promote wise use.

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TREWEEK, JO, RIKI THERIVEL, STEWART THOMPSON i MARTIN SLATER. "PRINCIPLES FOR THE USE OF STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AS A TOOL FOR PROMOTING THE CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF BIODIVERSITY". Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 07, nr 02 (czerwiec 2005): 173–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333205002043.

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Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) has been identified as an important tool for helping to ensure that development is planned and implemented for the benefit of biodiversity by the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Ramsar Convention and the Convention for Migratory Species. SEA is seen as a way to overcome many limitations of project-level environmental impact assessment by allowing consideration of biodiversity at higher tiers of decision-making and planning. This paper identifies some important principles that should be taken into account to ensure that biodiversity considerations are appropriately addressed in SEA, so that the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity are pursued as fundamental objectives of strategic decision-making. The paper also sets out key considerations to take into account at different stages in the SEA process. The principles explored in this paper should be applicable in any country where SEA is practiced, even though legislation, methodologies and procedures vary widely.

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Aguilar Cucurachi, María del Socorro, i Rodrigo Zárate Moedano. "Women of the wetland". Regions and Cohesion 12, nr 2 (1.06.2022): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2022.120206.

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In 2012 we navigated the Alvarado lagoon system wetland in Veracruz, México, making a documentary film. The system is in the coastal area of central Mexico, nestled in the lower basin of the Papaloapan River. The Ramsar Convention internationally recognizes the importance of this wetland as the third most important in our country due to its size and cultural value. In this universe of lagoons and riparian vegetation, fishing is the most important activity for the culture, survival, and maintenance of coastal families. In addition, fishing activity represents one of the few income-earning opportunities for these communities.

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Finlayson, C. Max, Nick Davidson, Dave Pritchard, G. Randy Milton i Heather MacKay. "The Ramsar Convention and Ecosystem-Based Approaches to the Wise Use and Sustainable Development of Wetlands". Journal of International Wildlife Law & Policy 14, nr 3-4 (1.07.2011): 176–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880292.2011.626704.

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Farrier, D. "Wise use of wetlands under the Ramsar Convention: a challenge for meaningful implementation of international law". Journal of Environmental Law 12, nr 1 (1.01.2000): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jel/12.1.21.

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Rosenqvist, Ake, C. Max Finlayson, John Lowry i Douglas Taylor. "The potential of long-wavelength satellite-borne radar to support implementation of the Ramsar Wetlands Convention". Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 17, nr 3 (2007): 229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.835.

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MacKay, H., C. M. Finlayson, D. Fernández-Prieto, N. Davidson, D. Pritchard i L. M. Rebelo. "The role of Earth Observation (EO) technologies in supporting implementation of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands". Journal of Environmental Management 90, nr 7 (maj 2009): 2234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.01.019.

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Davies, Peter G. G. "Non-Compliance – a Pivotal or Secondary Function of CoP Governance?" International Community Law Review 15, nr 1 (2013): 77–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18719732-12341243.

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Abstract This article seeks to assess the extent to which Conferences of the Parties (CoPs) of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs), rather than other treaty bodies established within MEA regimes, have played and continue to play a role in the establishing and operation of compliance systems and techniques. The roles of plenary bodies of a number of earlier MEAs adopted in the 1970s provide the particular focus of discussion (CITES, RAMSAR, the CMS Convention, LRTAP and the Berne Convention). Discussion will focus on the given plenary body’s role in the following areas: clarification of compliance by means of the interpretation of primary rules; the monitoring and verification process; establishing reporting requirements and improving reporting by parties; the facilitation of compliance by means of capacity-building and funding; the establishment and development of non-compliance procedures and mechanisms without an express treaty basis; and, finally, determining the consequences of non-compliance.

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