Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Rampumps”

Nilai tukar nelayan dapat berubah pada setiap periodenya, perubahan nilai tukar nelayan dapat berdampak terhadap kesejahteraan nelayan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik alat tangkap dan nelayan jaring rampus di wilayah Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan (PPI) Cituis, menghitung nilai tukar nelayan jaring rampus di wilayah PPI Ikan Cituis, dan merumuskan strategi perbaikan tingkat kesejahteraan nelayan jaring rampus di wilayah PPI Cituis. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode studi kasus dengan cara accidental sampling terhadap 3 kelompok responden utama, yakni: nelayan pemilik, juru mudi, serta nelayan buruh dari unit penangkapan jaring rampus. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif, analisis nilai tukar nelayan, dan analisis SWOT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kapal jaring rampus yang beroperasi di PPI Cituis memiliki ukuran 3-6 GT. Nelayan jaring rampus di PPI Cituis memiliki nilai tukar nelayan yang bernilai lebih dari satu. Angka NTN tertinggi diperoleh kelompok nelayan pemilik. Strategi yang mendukung peningkatan kesejahteraan nelayan jaring rampus di PPI Cituis yang didapat dari analisis SWOT adalah strategi SO yang terdiri, pengembangan pengetahuan & keterampilan penangkapan ikan nelayan, pemanfaatan peluang pemasaran, menggunakan kelebihan pendapatan sebagai sarana peningkat nilai tambah hasil tangkapan. Kata kunci: jaring rampus, nilai tukar nelayan, PPI Cituis

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keragaan usaha jaring rampus permukaan, pendapatan dan kesejahteraan nelayan, serta pengaruh usaha jaring rampus permukaan dalam menopang kesejahteraan nelayan di Eretan Wetan Indramayu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif, pendekatan kategori kesejateraan menurut BKKBN, dan model regresi linear. Usaha jaring rampus permukaan di Eretan Wetan Indramayu memiliki fishing ground dengan jarak 3-5 mil, dioperasikan oleh 3-4 orang, dan hasil tangkapan dominan berupa ikan kembung (Rastrelliger spp). Pendapatan bersih setiap tripnya berkisar Rp172.938-402.063. Sekitar 40% nelayan jaring rampus di Eretan Wetan masuk kategori Keluarga Sejahtera II (KS II), dan 60% masuk kategori Keluarga Sejahtera III (KS III). Pengaruh usaha jaring rampus permukaan yang dihitung sebagai pendapatan (X) dalam menopang kesejahteraan (Y) dirumuskan dengan model Y = 8,721X+12,321. Pengaruh tersebut signifikan yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai p= 0,045. Kata kunci: jaring rampus permukaan, kesejahteraan, model regresi linear, nelayan, pendapatan

Perairan Kabupaten Tangerang memiliki potensi perikanan laut yang melimpah, terdapat banyak alat tangkap yang seperti cantrang, arad, payang, pancing ulur, bubu dan gill net. Jaring rampus merupakan alat tangkap jaring insang hanyut yang biasa digunakan nelayan untuk menangkap ikan-ikan pelagis kecil seperti ikan Kembung (Rastrelliger spp) dan ikan Layur (Trichiurus lepturus). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui teknis penangkapan jaring rampus dan mengkaji kelayakan usaha penangkapan jaring rampus di PPI Cituis. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2018 - Januari 2019. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif survei. Metode aspek teknis yang digunakan yaitu hanging ratio, shortening, tinggi jaring dan luas jaring dari alat tangkap jaring rampus. Metode analisis finansial usaha yang digunakan yaitu NPV, IRR, R/C ratio, ROI, BEP, PP dan Analisis Sensitivitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kapal jaring rampus berukuran 5-6 GT dan memiliki mesin penggerak berkekuatan 16-30 PK. Hasil dari analisis teknis alat tangkap jaring rampus yang diperoleh nilai hanging ratio sebesar 0,6; shortening sebesar 0,4; tinggi jaring sebesar 3,672 m dan luas jaring sebesar 144,7 m² dalam satu pis. Hasil analisis kelayakan usaha yang diperoleh nilai R/C ratio sebesar 1,17; BEP harga sebesar Rp.68.208,-; BEP produksi sebesar 2.266 kg; ROI sebesar 17%; NPV sebesar Rp.196.664.224,-; IRR sebesar 64,93%; PP sebesar 3,625 tahun dan Analisis sensitifitas < 1. Kesilmpulan yang dapat diperoleh menunjukan bahwa usaha penangkapan Jaring rampus di PPI Cituis, Kabupaten Tangerang layak untuk diusahakan atau dilanjutkan.

Research was conducted from March to May 2020 at Bandengan Village, Mundu District, Cirebon Regency, West Java. Bandengan Village is a village located on the outskirts of the panatai with the majority of the population being fishermen. The fishing gear used by the fishermen of Bandengan Village includes rampus nets (Bottom Gill Net). Based on the results of the financial analysis including business income analysis, revenue and cost balance analysis, business feasibility analysis, net present value, internal rate of return (IRR) and payback period, the analysis of business income was obtained Rp. 22,346,000, - income and cost balance analysis 1.79, business feasibility analysis with Net Benefit 2.92, with a discount rate of 13%, the value of the catch in years 1 to 10 is Rp. 50,736. 000, -, at the end of the fifth year the remaining machine value is Rp. 1,000,000, -, and at the end of the project value of Rp. 9.500.000, -, consisting of boats Rp. Rp. 2,500,000, -, rampus fishing gear of Rp. 500,000, -, and a machine of Rp. 1,000,000, -, in order to obtain a Net Present Value of Rp. 125,798,041, -, Internal Rate Of Return (IRR) 47.46% and pay back period of 2.86 years. Thus, the use of rampus net fishing gear in Bandengan Village, Mundu District, Cirebon Regency is feasible to be developed, in addition to the higher quality catch, it is also included in environmentally friendly fishing gear.

Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 3 bulan yaitu bulan April sampai Juni 2019. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu hauling terhadap hasil tangkapan jaring rampus di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai (PPP) Bondet. Perendaman alat tangkap jaring rampus dilakukan selama 30 menit, jarak tempuh fishing base ke fishing ground memerlukan waktu 1-2 jam dan setting dilakukan pada jam 05.30 kemudian pengangkatan jaring dilakukan pada pukul 06.00. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah experimental fishing, yaitu dengan melakukan kegiatan operasi penangkapan ikan di laut dengan menggunakan jaring rampus. Adapun hasil penelitian yaitu dari hasil tangkapan selama 5 kali trip menghasilkan trip ke 1 sejumlah 13,84 kg dalam waktu 120 menit, trip ke 2 sejumlah 5,97 kg dalam waktu 75 menit, trip ke 3 sejumlah 10,45 kg dalam waktu 110 menit, trip ke 4 sejumlah 10,85 kg dalam waktu 115 menit, trip ke 5 sejumlah 13,55 kg dalam waktu 120 menit. Dari hasil tersebut di atas dan berdasarkan Analisis Regresi Linier sederhana diperoleh bahwa F hitung sebesar 24,31 dan F tabel 7,71 yang berarti F hitung lebih besar dari F tabel. Dari output tersebut dapat diketahui nilai F hitung = 24,31 dengan nilai signifikan F hitung > F tabel, maka H0 di tolak dan H1 diterima yang berarti ada pengaruh yang nyata (signifikan) variabel waktu (X) terhadap variabel hasil tangkapan (Y). Adapun persamaan regresi adalah Y = -5,326 + 0,147 (X), dimana Y adalah hasil tangkapan X waktu (hauling). Dengan demikian setiap kenaikan 1 (satu) menit X (waktu) akan menaikkan variabel Y (hasil tangkapan).

Usaha penangkapan udang penaeid di pantai utara Jawa terus berlangsung denganalat tangkap utama adalah jaring tiga lapis, jaring arad dan rampus. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa usaha penangkapan udang penaeid masih belum memberikantingkat kesejahteraan khususnya bagi nelayan penggarap.

Bondet Coastal Fishery Port (PPP) is located in Cirebon Regency, which is adjacent to Grogol Village, Gunung Jati District, Cirebon Regency, where Grogol Village is one of the villages as a center for fishing fishermen with fishing gear mostly rampus nets. The rampus net (bottom gill net) is one of the fishing gear that can generate a source of income for fishermen in Grogol Village, Gunungjati District, Cirebon Regency which can be operated and produce fish almost every month. The purpose of this study is to explain the welfare of fishermen which can be analyzed in terms of income and expenditure. Bottom gill net fishermen. The method used in this research is descriptive method. This study uses a survey technique, which is a way of collecting data from a number of units or individuals at the same time. The data obtained were analyzed through financial analysis of the fishing business using rampus nets at the Coastal Fishery Port (PPP) Bondet, Cirebon Regency. The results showed that there was income inequality among Bottom Gill Net fishermen in Grogol village with a Gini coefficient value (inequality) of 0.24. Based on welfare indicators, according to BPS and the results of the summation of scores, it is known that bottom gill net fishermen in Grogol village have a high level of welfare (scores 20-24) with a total score of 23, and based on statistical analysis using NTN, the NTN value for bottom gill net fishermen in Grogol village is equal to 9,6 %, where NTN > 1, it can be stated that all Bottom Gill Net fishermen respondents are prosperous. There is no difference in the final result of the level of welfare according to BPS and NTN.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor produksi yang mempengaruhi tangkapan ikan menggunakan alat tangkap jaring. Faktor produksi meliputi ABK (X1), Setting(penurunan jaring) (X2), jumlah bahan bakar (X3), waktu perendaman (X4), dan total panjang rampus (X5) dan penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Maret hingga Juli 2019, lokasi pengumpulan data lapangan dilakukan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai Bondet (PPP) Kabupaten Cirebon. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan analisis Regresi Linier Berganda (RLB) menggunakan aplikasi SPSS. Berdasarkan analisis RLB dihasilkan persamaan Y = -17,622 (C) + 2,422 (X1) + 11,628 (X2) + -911 (X3) + 103 (X4) + 049 (X5). Hasil data uji SPSS RLB menunjukkan jika kenaikan (X1) ABK nilai sebesar 1 (orang)maka akan menambah produksi sebesar 2,422, (X2) Settingnilai sebesar 1(penurunan jaring) maka akan menambah produksi sebesar 11,628, (X3) Jumlah Bahan Bakar nilai sebesar 1(liter) maka akan mengurangi produksi sebesar -911, (X4) Lama Perendaman nilai sebesar 1 maka akan menambah produksi sebesar 103, dan (X5) Total Panjang Jaring Rampus nilai sebesar 1 (meter)maka akan menambah produksi sebesar 049.

Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan (KKP) menggulirkan salah satu dari program yaitu hibah kapal bagi nelayan di Kabupaten Sukabumi yang tergabung dalam Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUB). Pemanfaatan kapah hibah yang berbasis di Kabupaten Sukabumi diharapkan mampu meningkatkan hasil tangkapan nelayan. Oleh karena itu, riset ini bertujuan untuk menilai tingkat pemanfaatan penggunaan kapal hibah yang berbasis di Kabupaten Sukabumi. Riset ini dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 2019 sampai Januari 2020. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode survey. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif komparatif. Hasil riset menunjukan bahwa kapal hibah dinilai optimal dan dimanfaatkan dengan baik oleh nelayan Kabupaten Sukabumi dengan menggunakan alat tangkap jaring rampus dan pancing ulur. Aktivitas kapal hibah mampu menyamai dengan kegiatan kapal yang berbasis di Kabupaten Sukabumi.

Ikan peperek (Leiognathus equulus) merupakan salah satu ikan demersal yang memiliki nilai ekonomis penting dan merupakan salah satu tangkapan dominan di perairan Selat Sunda yang didaratkan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai (PPP) Labuan, Banten. Ikan peperek ditangkap dengan beberapa alat tangkap, yaitu payang, dogol, pukat pantai, purse seine, jaring rampus, bagan tancap, dan bagan rakit. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengkaji dinamika populasi ikan peperek (Leiognathus equulus) di perairan Selat Sunda. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April hingga Agustus 2015 di PPP Labuan, Banten. Data yang diambil pada penelitian ini berupa data biologi seperti pengukuran panjang total dan tinggi ikan, bobot basah, dan jenis kelamin. Total ikan yang diambil selama penelitan ini mencapai 1895 ekor. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa nilai koefisien pertumbuhan (K) ikan betina dan jantan berturut-turut 0.47 per tahun-1 dan 0.79 per tahun-1 dengan panjang asimptotik (L∞) sebesar 258 mm untuk betina dan 210 mm untuk jantan. Nilai panjang pertama kali tertangkap (Lc) ikan peperek betina (147.57 mm) maupun jantan (142.92 mm) lebih besar dibandingkan dengan nilai pertama kali matang gonad (Lm), yaitu untuk betina dan jantan berturut-turut 116.54 mm dan 146.162 mm. Tingkat eksploitasi mencapai tingkat optimal antara 0.53-0.74. Laju eksploitasi ikan peperek telah melebihi laju eksploitasi optimum, sehingga diduga ikan peperek di perairan Selat Sunda telah tangkap lebih.

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is an indispensable catalyst in shaping Canadian identity, forming a rich and diverse mainstream that integrates and intermingles many streams of human experience. The idea of Canada and what it means to be Canadian is dynamic and evolving, empowered by a Charter that arguably for the first time recognized and affirmed Indigenous peoples as the founding nations of Canada, and nurtured a sense of inclusion that promoted unity in diversity. Just as emergence from the Covid-19 pandemic has been a journey from isolation to inclusion, so has the forging of Canadian identity since the adoption of the Constitution Act, 1982. Drawing from stories shared in a circle aux batons-rampus, and from observations from a four-decade career as a public intellectual, I argue that Canadians’ evolving sense of being and belonging, brought into even sharper relief by the Covid-19 pandemic, is shaped by a Charter which embraced both individual and collective rights.

The Banten Province Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Service plans to standardize the hold volume for fishing vessels in its management area. The management plan is still challenging to implement because there is no information about the vessel storage volume. In addition, small fishing vessel fishers still store their catch in boxes made of fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP). That box is often placed on the deck floor, causing decreased vessel stability. The size of the available storage volume on the vessel must be ideal, so it needs to be compared with the cubic number. This research aims to determine the optimal storage volume to cubic number ratio for rampus net vessels with the best stability conditions. The sampling technique used was accidental sampling with a total sample of 10% from 72 fishing vessels. Data processing used mathematical calculations and stability simulation with the GZ program. Analysis of the data used is descriptive analysis. The results showed that the optimal ratio of storage volume to cubic number for vessels with sizes 3-5 GT ranged from 5.03 - 8.55%. That ratio was a storage condition designed inside the hull construction, and the catch is directly put into the store without using the FRP box. From the stability point of view, condition 3 is the best for the quality of fishing vessel’s stability. This due to the lowest value of KG in condition 3 comparing to other conditions.

Penelitian keberlanjutan perikanan tangkap skala kecil di Kabupaten Tegal, Jawa Tengah telah dilakukan pada tahun 2005 - 2006. Keberlanjutan perikanan tangkap ditentukan oleh interaksi beberapa aspek (dimensi) penting seperti dimensi ekologi, teknologi, sosial, ekonomi dan hukum-kelembagaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan status perikanan tangkap skala kecil dalam perspektif keberlanjutan menurut dimensi ekologi, teknologi, sosial, ekonomi serta hukum-kelembagaan, serta mengidentifikasi kebijakan untuk mendukung keberlanjutan perikanan tangkap di Kabupaten Tegal. Teknik Rapfish adalah analisis kuantitatif yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi status keberlanjutan perikanan tangkap di lokasi penelitian. Pada dimensi ekologi, ekonomi, teknologi, dan hukum-kelembagaan di Kabupaten Tegal untuk semua alat tangkap yang diteliti dalam status kurang berkelanjutan baik untuk jaring rampus, bundes maupun payang gemplo. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa dimensi ekologi merupakan dimensi yang memiliki skor paling rendah dengan skor kurang bahkan cenderung menjadi buruk dalam mendukung keberlanjutan perikanan tangkap skala kecil di perairan pantai Kabupaten Tegal. Studi ini juga berhasil mengidentifikasi atribut-atribut penting dan sensitif. Perbedaan status keberlanjutan berdasarkan alat tangkap di lokasi penelitian juga teridentifikasi dengan jelas berdasarkan atribut-atribut pendukungnya. Studi ini juga merekonfirmasi pentingnya keterpaduan aspekaspek bio-techno-socioeconomic dalam pengembangan pola pengelolaan perikanan. Tittle: Sustainability Analysis of Small Scale Fisheries in Tegal District of Central Java (a Fish Approach).The research on sustainability of small scale fisheries in Tegal district, Central Java has been carried out. Fishery sustainability is determined by several interacting factors, such as ecology, technology, social, economic and legal-institution. The objective of this study was to determine the sustainability status of small scale fishery according to ecological, technological, social, economic, and legal-institutional dimensions. The second objective was to identify policy promoting for the capture fisheries sustainability. Sustainability of fishery in the coastal area of Tegal district analyzed quantitatively by Rap fish technique. Fishing gears, such as Jaring Rampus, Bundes and Payang Gemplo weren’t in sustainable status from ecological, economic, technical and legal- institutional standpoints. The study showed that ecological aspect has the lowest score in order to support small scale fishery sustainability in the coastal water of Tegal. Differences in sustainability status are likely due to variations in main characteristic of the fisheries. Several sensitive attributes and recommendations in order to support fisheries sustainability, also identified in this study. This study reconfirms the need to apply comprehensive and integrated bio-technico-socioeconomic aspects in developing fisheries management.

Pada tahun 2015 nelayan di Kabupaten Cirebon mulai belajar dan mengganti alat tangkap serta perahu mereka dengan alat tangkap bolga (mini purse seine) dengan hasil tangkapan utamanya adalah teri (Engraulidae). Bolga (mini purse seine) dinilai lebih menguntungkan dibandingkan dengan alat tangkap lainnya seperti garok, kejer, rampus dan lain sebagainya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya biaya investasi, pendapatan dan keuntungan serta bagaimana kelayakan usaha alat tangkap bolga (mini purse seine) di Desa Gebang Mekar Kabupaten Cirebon. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data primer dan data sekunder. Kelayakan usaha bolga (mini purse seine) ini menghasilkan beberapa perhitungan yang menyatakan usaha perikanan tangkap ini layak. Penelitian alat tangkap Mini Purse Seine memperoleh penerimaan sebesar Rp.1.376.100.000;/tahun dan memperoleh keuntungan sebesar Rp.764.710.000 /tahun. Usaha alat tangkap bolga di Desa Gebang Mekar tidak membutuhkan waktu yang lama untuk balik modal, yaitu hanya selama 9,5 bulan. Hal tersebut yang menjadi alasan beberapa nelayan beralih menggunakan alat tangkap bolga (mini purse seine).

Sulphur goatfish (Upeneus sulphureus) is the dominant caught with a fairly high level of utilization. This research aimed to analyze aspects of growth and reproduction sulphur goatfish caught by rampus nets landed at the fishing port of PPI Kalianda. Growth aspects that were observed included the length-weight, while the reproductive aspects observed is the sex ratio, gonad maturity level, and the size of sulphur goatfish at first maturity. This research was conducted in May-July 202 with the research method used simple random sampling method. The fish samples obtained during the study were 600 individuals, the results showed that Sulphur goatfish had negative allometric growth. The equation for the long-weight relationship of sulphur goatfish is log W = -4,6 + 2,9 log L or W = 2,8x10-5L2,9. The sex ratio of sulphur goatfish in May and July were not 1: 1, while the ideal condition was achieved in June. The gonad maturity level distribution of sulphur goatfish was dominated by TKG III and IV for female, while male sulphur goatfish was dominated by TKG II and III. Size at first maturity of sulphur goatfish females was 169,1 ± 1,03mm.

ABSTRAK Peningkatan jumlah alat tangkap multigear (jaring rampus dan jaring udang) berbanding terbalik dengan penurunan jumlah produksi hasil tangkapan utamanya yaitu, ikan Kembung dan Udang Putih sejak tahun 2014 hingga tahun 2015. Sulitnya pembiayaan investasi dan pengembangan usaha penangkapan multigear di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai Tawang membuat sebagian besar Nelayan terikat pada sistem ijon (Patron-Klien), sehingga menyebabkan penerimaan Nelayan tidak maksimal karena harga jual yang ditetapkan rendah dari pihak Bakul (Patron) selaku pemberi pinjaman modal. Untuk itu, perlu adanya analisis finansial apabila Nelayan tidak terikat sistem ijon.Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah, menganalisis kelayakan finansial untuk mengatahui apakah hingga saat ini usaha penangkapan multigear terikat sistem ijon masih layak untuk dilanjutkan, serta menganalisis bagaimana kelayakan finansial usaha apabila Nelayan tidak terikat sistem ijon.Hasil perhitungan analisis finansial usaha penangkapan multigear terikat sistem ijon discount rate 5% ialah, R/C ratio 1,79, PP 3,112, NPV Rp. 340.654.823,79., Net Net B/C ratio 1,41 dan IRR 13,26%. Sedangkan, hasil analisis finansial usaha penangkapan multigear memanfaatkan lembaga keuangan discount rate 9% ialah, R/C ratio 1,99, PP2,388, , NPVRp. 384.956.100,17., Net Net B/C ratio3,50 dan IRR 50,10% Berdasarkan nilai-nilai tersebut usaha penangkapan multigear terikat sistem ijon masih layak untuk dilanjutkan, namun usaha ini akan lebih layak untuk dijalankan apabila memanfaatkan lembaga keuangan. Kata kunci: Analisis Finansial; Penangkapan Multigear; PPP Tawang ABSTRACT The increasing number of using multi-fishing gear (rampus net and trammel net) was inversely with the amount of decreasing production of each target catch, these were long jowed mackerel (restrelliger sp.) and white shrimp (paneaus sp.), since 2014 till 2015. The difficulty of financial and development business investment arrest multi-fishing gear makes most of the fishermen attached to small seller ( patron-client system). This condition makes fisherman couldn’t get maximum revenue cause of the selling low price from small seller as the Lender of Capital. Based on these problems, the aims of it research are, analysis the feasibility financial to find out weather till today its business still feasible to continue, and how is the analysis business feasibility if the fishermen not bound to ijon system (patron-client).The calculation result of financial analysis multi-fishing gear business bound to ijon system by discount rate 5% are, R/C ratio 1,79, PP 3,112, NPV Rp. 340.654.823,79.,, Net Net B/C ratio 1,41, and IRR 13,26%. Whereas, the result of financial analysis multi-fishing gear business use financial institution discount rate 9% are, R/C ratio 1,99, PP2,388, , NPVRp.384.956.100,17., Net Net B/C ratio3,50 and IRR 50,10%. According to those values multi-fishing gear business that bound to ijon sytem is still feasible to continue, But this business will be recognised to run better when use financial institutions. Keywords: Financial Analysis, Multi-Fishing Gear, PPP Tawang

Abstract The purpose of this study analyze the impact of Covid-19 on input factors and output factors on the pattern of utilization of capture fisheries. This research was conducted in 2020 in Cirebon Regency. The methodology used quantitative descriptive. The results of the analysis indicate, first, the impact of COVID-19 on input parameters has not changed, such as fishing fleets, trips, fishing ground, crew members, and operational costs. Some changes only occur in certain commodities. For example, in crab fishermen, they adjust their fishing gear on commodities sold for the domestic market. Previously, they used traps to catch crabs. Since the Covid 19 pandemic, they have used rampus to catch small pelagic fish. Second, in TCT commodities, the variables that change are mainly the output parameters, namely production volume, price, and revenue. The impact of covid 19 was felt during March-May 2020, which was when the PSPB was implemented. There was a decrease in production in 2020 compared to the previous year. It is hoped that the government will increase its cold storage capacity, so that if there is a lockdown in the export destination country, the output from fishermen can be temporarily accommodated in cold storage.

Sektor kelautan dan perikanan di Indonesia khususnya Provinsi Lampung memiliki potensi perikanan yang cukup tinggi, yaitu sebesar 387.000 ton/tahun. Akan tetapi, tingkat pemanfaatan perikanan tangkap di Provinsi Lampung berdasarkan Laporan Statistik Perikanan Tangkap, Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Provinsi Lampung pada tahun 2014 baru mencapai 157.969 ton/tahun. Angka pemanfaatan tersebut baru mencapai 41,57 % dari total potensi perikanan tangkap provinsi Lampung. Salah satu faktor penting dalam mengembangkan sektor perikanan tangkap adalah dengan mengetahui komoditas dan alat penangkapan ikan (API) unggulan pada daerah tertentu. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Kuala Stabas (PP Kuala Stabas), Provinsi Lampung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan komoditas perikanan unggulan dan jenis alat tangkap yang tepat untuk pemanfaatan perikanan di PP Kuala Stabas. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan ialah dengan wawancara dan responden utama dipilih dengan metode snow-ball sampling. Selain itu, penelitian ini menggunakan metode Comparative Performance Index (CPI) untuk menentukan komoditas perikanan unggulan dan metode analisis skoring untuk menentukan API unggulan. Berdasarkan analisis CPI, komoditas perikanan unggulan di PP Kuala Stabas ialah ikan setuhuk (blue marlin) dengan massa rata-rata ikan sebesar 102,1 kg. Kemudian, hasil kajian terhadap seleksi jenis alat tangkap unggulan dengan metode skoring diperoleh bahwa alat rawai berada pada prioritas utama berdasarkan kajian aspek biologi, jaring gelung berdasarkan kajian aspek teknis, sosial, dan ekonomi, serta jaring rampus berdasarkan kajian aspek ekosistem perairan. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa jaring gelung merupakan alat tangkap terbaik yang dapat digunakan dalam pemanfaatan perikananan di PP Kuala Stabas. Kata kunci: alat tangkap ikan, CPI, ikan setuhuk, komoditas perikanan, PP Kuala Stabas, tuna

Ikan layur tergolong ikan demersal dan permintaannya terus meningkat baik lokal maupun ekspor, menyebabkan produksi ikan layur jugameningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui biologi reproduksi dan kebiasaan makanan ikan layur di perairan Binuangeun-Banten. Pengambilan contoh dilakukan pada Januari – Desember 2013 dari hasil tangkapan nelayan dengan menggunakan alat tangkap jaring rampus, pancing rawai dan pancing ulur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola pertumbuhan ikan layur bersifat allometrik positif, rata-rata ukuran pertama kali tertangkap lebih besar dibandingkan dengan ukuran pertama kali matang gonad sehingga masih dapatmelakukan proses rekruitmen. Pemijahan ikan layur diduga terjadi beberapa kali dalamsetahun. Nilai IKGbetina maupun jantan mengalami peningkatan dari TKG I sampai dengan TKG V yang akan menurun lagi pada TKG spent. Pola pemijahan ikan layur adalah partial spawner dan memiliki potensi reproduksi yang cukup besar dengan fekunditas berkisar 12.928–294.700 butir telur. Kebiasaanmakan ikan layur tergolong karnivora.The ribbonfish classified as demersal fish and the ever increasing demand for both local and export, causing ribbonfish production increase from year to year. This study aims to determine the reproductive biology and food habits of ribbonfish in the Binuangeun waters - Banten. Sample collected in January December 2013, with bottom gillnet, longline and handline . The results showed a pattern of growth the ribbonfish is allometric positive, The average length at first capture was higher than the average length at first maturity so that they can carry out the recruitment process. Ribbonfish spawning is thought to occur several times a year. Value IKG females and males has increased from TKG I to V which will decrease again at TKGspent. Ribbonfish spawning patterns are partial spawner and have the reproductive potential is quite large with fecundity ranging 12.928-29.4700 eggs. Feeding habits of ribbonfish is carnivor.

Abstract We conducted a phase II trial with alemtuzumab self-administered, subcutaneously (SQ) to eliminate residual disease after chemotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy for patients (pts) who were in partial remission (PR) or pts in complete remission (CR) with 2-color flow cytometry evidence of disease. Pts received alemtuzumab SQ 3mg, 10mg, 30mg on days 1,2,3 then 30mg thrice weekly for a total of 12 doses, including rampup. After the 12th dose, pts with residual disease could receive a second course of 12 additional doses. Responding pts were pts in PR who converted to nodular PR (NPR) or CR by NCI-WG ‘96 criteria or pts in CR who remained in CR and had no evidence of disease by 2-color flow cytometry. There were 26 pts enrolled in PR, 5 pts in CR. 7 pts received a second course of alemtuzumab. End of treatment plasma alemtuzumab levels were measured by a flow cytometry-based assay (Rebello and Hale, J Immunol Methods, 2002). The response rate in the intent-to-treat population was 74%. We retrospectively evaluated patients’ bone marrow for minimal residual disease by 4-color flow cytometry. A disappointing 18% of pts evaluated was MRD-negative in bone marrow by this method. Responding pts had mean plasma alemtuzumab level of 8μg/ml verses 3μg/ml for non-responders (p=.003). The median plasma alemtuzumab level for responders was 6μg/ml. Responders with end of treatment plasma alemtuzumab level greater than 6μg/ml had a significantly longer median response duration of 21.2 months versus 8.9 months for pts with less than 6μg/ml (p=.048). End of treatment plasma alemtuzumab level correlated with response to treatment and response duration for patients treated with alemtuzumab SQ. Future studies to optimize dose and schedule for alemtuzumab SQ as treatment for CLL, including for residual disease, should include measurement of end of treatment plasma alemtuzumab levels and evaluation of bone marrow for minimal residual disease by 4-color flow cytometry. Furthermore, consideration of these results should be given to optimize the effective duration of treatment with alemtuzumab SQ.

_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 210252, “Drilling the Deepest HP/HT Onshore Exploration Well Using a Combination of Mud-Cooling and MPD Techniques: A Field Case Study From the Nile Delta of Egypt Targeting a Mesozoic Carbonate Platform,” by Mahmoud El-Husseiny, Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company, and Taher Elfakharany, Al-Azhar University. The paper has not been peer reviewed. _ The complete paper reviews the successful application of a mud-cooling and managed-pressure-drilling (MPD) system in a high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) well to explore the potential of the Mesozoic carbonate platform with a pressure ramp and narrow mud-weight window (NMWW) in the Nile Delta. The constant bottomhole pressure (CBHP) variation of MPD in combination with mud cooling was used to drill from the middle of the pressure ramp to the target depth, maintaining the mud-inlet temperature at approximately 50°C. Geological Targets and Geohazards The primary objective of Well T-1 is the edge of a Mesozoic carbonate platform. These carbonates are expected to be high-energy shallow marine deposits with fair reservoir properties (20–50% net-to-gross, 5–10% porosity). The secondary objectives are turbiditic sandstone channels of the Oligocene. These sandstones are expected to have 9–20% porosity and 50–300 md permeability. Potential Middle and Late Miocene geohazards include pressure rampup associated with losses, kicks, and borehole degradation, including tight holes, overpull, and caves; and reported sticking and hangup events. The HP domain begins below approximately 4000 m. Potential Oligocene to Paleocene geohazards include NMWWs associated with losses, kicks, and simultaneous gains and losses (ballooning); borehole degradation, including tight holes, overpull, and caves; and sticking and hangup events. The HP and HT domains begin below approximately 4500 m. Potential Mesozoic carbonate geohazards include possible losses of fractured and pressure-regressed carbonates. Mud-Cooling Technique Concept and Equipment The mud cooler consists of two circuits. In the first, hot mud is circulated through a dual mud cooler using a centrifugal pump. Because of heat exchange through the plate heat exchanger, the mud is cooled and transferred back into the active mud system. The discharge of cold mud takes place upstream of the point where the suction of hot mud occurs. In the second circuit, a fluid mixed with water and glycol is circulated between a dual air cooler and the dual mud cooler using a dedicated pump. When passing through the plate heat exchanger, this mixture of water and glycol is evacuated. When this mixture returns to the dual air cooler, it is cooled using high-performance ventilators. The mud-cooling system features 16 ventilators. The efficiency of the mud-cooling system is adjusted with a number of operated ventilators. The mud-cooling units used in this well consist of two dry air coolers and two sets of air fans (Fig. 1), with each set containing 24 fans. A mixture of 10% glycol and water was used as a cooling fluid.

IntroductionIn 2017, both the disability community and popular culture are using the term “inspiration porn” to describe one form of discrimination against people with disability. ABC’s Speechless, “a sitcom about a family with a son who has a disability, (has) tackled why it’s often offensive to call people with disabilities ‘inspirational’” (Wanshel). The reasons why inspiration porn is considered to be discriminatory have been widely articulated online by people with disability. Amongst them is Carly Findlay, a disabled writer, speaker, and appearance activist, who has written that:(inspiration porn) shows non-disabled people doing good deeds for disabled people—feeding them chips at McDonald’s—’serving us all lessons in kindness’: or taking them to the high school dance. These stories usually always go viral. The person with disability probably never gave their permission for the photo or story to be used in a meme or told to the media (Findlay).The definition and dynamics of inspiration porn as illustrated in this quote will be expanded upon in this paper’s critical analysis of captions. Here, the term captions is used to describe both writing found on memes and on Facebook posts (created by a “poster”), and the comments written below these posts (created by “commenters”). Facebook threads underneath posts about people with disability both “reflect and create” (Barnes, Mercer and Shakespeare 202) current societal attitudes towards disability. That is, such threads not only illustrate negative societal attitudes towards disability, but can also perpetuate these attitudes by increasing people’s exposure to them. This paper will focus on a specific case study of inspiration porn on Facebook—the crowning of a student with autism as prom king—and consider both the conflict of whether people’s kind words are patronising use of language, as well as the concerns of over-disclosure used in this thread.What Is Inspiration Porn?The genesis of the term inspiration porn is commonly attributed to the late Stella Young, a disabled woman who was an advocate for people with disability. However, the term has been traced to a blog post written in February 2012 (bear). Anecdotal evidence from Lisa Harris, a disability consultant and advocate with over 20 years’ disability education experience, suggests that the term was blogged about as far back as 2006 on Rachel Cohen-Rottenberg’s Webpage Disability and Representation (Harris). However, it was Young who popularised the term with her 2012 article We’re Not Here for Your Inspiration and 2014 TED Talk I’m Not Your Inspiration, Thank You Very Much. Young defined inspiration porn as “an image of a person with a disability, often a kid, doing something completely ordinary—like playing, or talking, or running, or drawing a picture, or hitting a tennis ball—carrying a caption like ‘your excuse is invalid’ or ‘before you quit, try’”.It is worth noting that the use of the word porn has been considered controversial in this context. Yet it can be argued that the perception of the person with disability having achieved something great gives the person without disability a hit of positive “inspired” emotion. In this way, such inspiration could be termed as porn as it serves the purpose of fulfilling the “pornographic” self-gratification of people without disability.The term inspiration porn has historically been used in disability studies in two ways. Firstly, it has been used to describe the “ableist gaze” (Davis), which is when a person with disability is ‘seen’ through the eyes of someone without disability. Indeed, just as the “male gaze” (Mulvey) is implicit in sexualised porn, so too the “ableist gaze” is implicit in inspiration porn. Secondly, it has been used to highlight the lack of power experienced by people with disability in cultural representation (Barnes, Mercer, and Shakespeare 201). This study is a good example of the latter—it is not uncommon for people with disability to be refuted when they speak out against the inherent discrimination found within captions of (intended) kindness on Facebook threads.Inspiration porn is also a form of “objectification” (Perry) of people with disability, and is based on stereotypes (Haller and Zhang 22) about disability held by people without disability. According to Dr. Paul Sinclair, a disability scholar with 15 years’ experience in disability education, objectification and stereotyping are essential factors to understanding inspiration porn as discrimination:when a person with disability engages in their daily life, it is possible that a person without disability sees them as inspirational by superimposing his/her stereotypical perception of, or understanding about, people with disability onto the identity of the person, as a human being.Such objectification and stereotyping of people with disability is evident across various media captioning. This is particularly so in social media which often includes memes of images with “inspiring” captions—such as the ones Young highlighted as clear examples of inspiration porn, which “feature the Hamilton quote (‘The only disability in life is a bad attitude’)”. Another example of this kind of captioning is found in news items such as the 2015 article Disabled Teen Crowned Homecoming Queen in Awesome Way as featured in the article USA Today (Saggio). This article described how a student not identified as having a disability gave her homecoming queen crown to a student with a disability and captioned the YouTube clip of these students with, “High school senior [Name] was hoping she’d be crowned homecoming queen. She has cerebral palsy and has never felt like she fit in at school. What happened during the crowning ceremony will warm your heart” (Saggio). The fact that the young woman was pleased with getting the crown does not mitigate the objectifying dynamics of inspiration porn present within this example. Captioning such as this both creates and reflects some of the existing attitudes—including charity and its appeal to emotionality—that perpetuate inspiration porn.Measuring Inspiration Porn with Sentiment AnalysisThe challenge for the researcher analysing Facebook threads is how to meaningfully interpret the captions’ numerous contexts. The methodology of this research used a quantitative approach to gather numerical data about selected Facebook captions. This paper discusses data gained from a sentiment analysis (Pang and Lee; Thelwall et al.; Driscoll) of these captions within the contexts of my own and other researchers’ analyses of inspiration porn, as well as the perspectives of people with disability.The sentiment analysis was conducted using SentiStrength, a software tool that extracts both positive and negative sentiment strengths “from short informal electronic text” (Thelwall et al., 2545), and ranks it “on a numerical scale” (Driscoll 3). Sentiment analysis and SentiStrength are useful, but not perfect, tools with which to analyse Facebook captions. For example, SentiStrength determines two scales: a positive emotion measurement scale ranging from +1 (neutral) to +5 (most positive), and a negative emotion measurement scale ranging from –1 (neutral) to –5 (most negative). It calculates the positive and negative scores concurrently rather than averaging them out in order to acknowledge that captions can and do express mixed emotion (Driscoll 5).News articles about people with disability attending proms and comparable events, such as the homecoming queen example described above, are often criticised by disability activists for perpetuating inspiration porn (Mort; Findlay; Brown). Based on this criticism, sentiment analysis was used in this research to measure the emotional strength of captions—particularly their possible use of patronising language—using the Autism Speaks Facebook post as a case study. The post featured an image of a high school student with autism who had been crowned prom king.The Autism Speaks Facebook page was set up to fund “research into the causes, prevention, treatments and a cure for autism; increas(e) awareness of autism spectrum disorders; and advocat(e) for the needs of individuals with autism and their families” (Autism Speaks). The location of the prom was not specified; however, Autism Speaks is based in New York. This particular Facebook page was selected for this study based on criticism that Autism Speaks receives from disability advocates. One of the major critiques is that “(its) advertising depends on offensive and outdated rhetoric of fear and pity, presenting the lives of autistic people as tragic burdens on our families and society” (Boycott Autism Speaks). Autism Speaks has also been described as a problematic example of an organisation that “dictate(s) how disability should be perceived and dealt with. Often without input of disabled people either in the design or implementation of these organizations” (crippledscholar). This article goes on to state that “charities always frame what they do as positive and helpful even when the people who are the intended recipients disagree.”The prom king post included a photo of a young man with autism after he was crowned. He was standing beside a woman who wasn’t identified. The photo, posted by the young man’s aunt on the Autism Speaks Facebook page, included a status update that read:My autistic nephew won PROM KING today! Just so you all know, having a disability doesn’t hold you back if you don’t let it! GO [NAME]. #AutismAwareness (Autism Speaks)The following caption from the comment thread of the same Facebook post is useful as an example of how SentiStrength works. The caption read:Tears of Joy! Thank you for posting!!! Wow this gives me hope for his and my son’s and everyone’s special wonderful child nephew and niece! Way cool!However, because SentiStrength does not always accurately detect and measure sarcasm or idiomatic language usage, ”Tears” (the only negatively interpreted word in this caption) has been scored as –4, while the overall positive sentiment was scored as 3. Therefore, the final SentiStrength score of this caption was 3, –4, thereby demonstrating both the utility and limitations of SentiStrength as a sentiment analysis tool. This is useful to understand when analysing the data it produces.When analysing the entire thread, the sentiment analysis results across 238 captions, showed that 2 was the average strength of positive emotion, and that –1.16 was the average strength of negative emotion. The following section will analyse how a specific caption chosen from the most positively-scored captions from these data indicates that inspiration porn is possibly evident within.Use of Language: Kind, or Patronising?This discussion analyses the use of language in one caption from this thread, focusing on the way it likely demonstrated the ableist gaze. The caption was the most positive one from these data as scored by SentiStrength (5, –1) and read, ”CONGRATULATIONS SWEETIE!!!”. While it is noted that basing this analysis primarily on one caption provides limited insight into the dynamics of inspiration porn, this analysis forms a basis from which to consider other “inspirational” Facebook posts about people with disability. As well as this caption, this discussion will also draw upon other examples mentioned in this paper—from the homecoming queen article in USA Today to another caption on the Autism Speaks thread—to illustrate the dynamics of inspiration porn.On the surface, this congratulatory caption seems like a kind thing to post. However, inspiration porn has been identified in this analysis based on the caption’s effusive use of punctuation coupled with use of capital letters and the word “sweetie”. The excitement depicted through use of multiple exclamation marks and capital letters implies that the commenter has a personal connection with the prom king, which is a possibility. However, this possibility becomes less feasible when the caption is considered within the context of other captions that display not dissimilar use of language, as well as some that also display intimate emojis, such as grin faces and love heart eyes. Further, when this use of language is used with any consistency across a thread and is not coupled with textual information that implies a personal connection between the commenter/s and the prom king, it could be interpreted as patronising, condescending and/or infantilising. In addition, “sweetie” is a term of endearment commonly used in conversation with a romantic partner, child, or someone the speaker/writer knows intimately. While, again, it is possible that these commenters knew the prom king intimately, a more likely possibility is that he was being written to by strangers, yet using language that implied he was close to them—which would then have the same patronising connotations as above. It can therefore be argued that there is a strong possibility that this heightened use of intimate and emotional language was chosen based on his autism diagnosis.The conclusion drawn above is based in part on contextual similarities between the Autism Speaks post and its associated thread, and the aforementioned homecoming queen news article. In the former, it is likely that the young prom king was congratulated effusively because of his autism diagnosis. Similarly, in the latter article, the young woman was crowned not because she was named homecoming queen, but because the crown was given to her because of her diagnosis of cerebral palsy. As both gestures appear to have been based on others’ perceptions of these individuals’ disabilities rather than on their achievements, they are both likely to be patronising gestures.Over-DisclosureIn addition to use of language, another noteworthy issue in the captions thread on the Autism Speaks Facebook page was that many of them were from parents disclosing the diagnosis of their child. One example of this was a post from a mother that read (in part):I’ll be over here worried & concerned with the other 9,999 & ½ things to deal with, keeping up with new therapies, current therapy, we came in progress from any past therapies, meltdowns, dietary restrictions, educational requirements, The joy and difficulties of not just learning a new word but actually retaining that word, sleep, being hit, keeping him from hitting himself, tags on clothes etc. etc. [sic] (Autism Speaks)The above commenter listed a number of disability-specific issues that she experienced while raising her son who has autism. The context for her caption was a discussion, unrelated to the original post, that had sparked underneath a sub-thread regarding whether the use of person-first language (“person with autism”) or identity-first language (“Autistic person”) was best when referring to someone with autism. The relationship between inspiration porn and this intimately negative post about someone with disability is that both types of post are examples of the “ableist gaze”: inspiration porn demonstrates an exaggerated sense of positivity based on someone’s disability, and this post demonstrates disregard for the privacy of the person being posted about—perhaps due to his disability. The ease with which this negative comparison (over-disclosure) can be made between ‘inspirational’ and ‘negative’ posts illustrates in part why inspiration porn is a form of discrimination—intentional or otherwise.Furthermore, some of the children who were disclosed about on the main thread were too young to be asked consent, and it is unclear whether those who were old enough had the capacity to provide informed consent. Research has found that online over-disclosure in general is a matter of concern.The specific practice of online over-disclosure from parents about their children—with or without disability—has been raised by Leaver (151), “what happens before young people have the agency, literacy or skills to take the reins of their own selves online? Parents, guardians, loved ones and others inevitably set the initial identity parameters for young people online.” Over-disclosure is therefore also an issue that concerns people with disability, and the people closest to them.There exists both anecdotal evidence and academic research regarding online over-disclosure about people with disability. The research states that when people with physical disability disclose online, they employ strategic approaches that involve the degree to which they disclose (Furr, Carreiro, and McArthur). This suggests that there are complex factors to consider around such disclosure. Also relevant is that the practice of over-disclosure about another person’s disability, regardless of whether that disclosure is made by a close family member, has been critiqued by people (Findlay; Stoltz) within the disability community: “would you publicly share this information about your other children, an aging parent, or yourself?” (Stoltz). Finally, the practice of disability over-disclosure by anyone other than the person themselves supports the understanding that inspiration porn is not about the “object” of inspiration; rather, it serves to give pleasure (and/or pain) to the objectifier.ConclusionInspiration porn via the ableist gaze is discriminatory because it focuses on a (societally) undesirable trait in a way that serves the “gazer” at the expense of the “gazed-at”. That is, people with disability are objectified and exploited in various ways that can initially appear to be positive to people without disability. For example, when someone with disability posts or is posted about on Facebook, a person without disability might then add a caption—possibly with good intentions—that serves as their “inspired” response to what it “must” be like to have a disability. It can be argued that such captions, whether on news articles or when framing social media images, therefore either reflect or create existing social inequalities—and possibly do both.In continuing to use the term inspiration porn to describe one form of discrimination against people with disability, both the disability community and popular culture are contributing to an important narrative that scholarship needs to continue to address. Indeed, the power imbalance that is celebrated within inspiration porn is in some ways more insidious than malicious discrimination against people with disability, because it is easier to mistake as kindness. The research sample presented in this paper supports the countless expressions of anecdotal evidence given by people with disability that this “kindness” is inspiration porn; a damaging expression of the ableist gaze.ReferencesAutism Speaks. Facebook 21 May 2017 <https://www.facebook.com/autismspeaks>.Barnes, Colin, Geof Mercer, and Tom Shakespeare. Exploring Disability. 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