Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Raisonnement spatiale”
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Belouaer, Lamia. "Représentation de la connaissance spatiale pour la planification". Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2070.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe are interested in the integration of spatial information for representation and reasoning to plan a mission in the human-robot interaction case. The first part of our work is for representation and spatial reasoning. We propose a spatial ontology: SpaceOntology qualitative and quantitative representation and reasonning. Based on this spatial modeling we have implemented a planner with two modules: a module for symbolic reasoning supported by a task planner and a module for spatial reasoning supported by the path planning and SpaceOntology. The third part of our contributions is the extension of the PDDL planning language to spatial information. This extension permits to express spatial planning problems
Vandecasteele, Arnaud. "Modélisation ontologique des connaissances expertes pour l'analyse de comportements à risque : application à la surveillance maritime". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00819259.
Pełny tekst źródłaColliot, Olivier. "Représentation, évaluation et utilisation de relations spatiales pour l'interprétation d'images : application à la reconnaissance de structures anatomiques en imagerie médicale". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005764.
Pełny tekst źródłaconstituent un élément essentiel des descriptions d'agencement spatial entre les objets d'une scène et sont donc utiles à un grand nombre de tâches d'interprétation d'images. La reconnaissance de structures cérébrales constitue notre cadre d'application. Le cerveau est en effet une scène structurée dans
laquelle les objets partagent une grand nombre de relations
spatiales pertinentes.
Notre travail de thèse est articulé autour des questions suivantes.
Comment représenter des relations spatiales ? Comment les utiliser pour
formaliser la description d'une scène, en l'occurrence la description de
structures neuroanatomiques ? Comment les utiliser à des fins de segmentation
d'images et de reconnaissance de formes, en particulier dans le cadre des structures cérébrales ?
Dans un premier temps, nous nous intéressons à un type de relation particulier :
les symétries planes, qui sont importantes dans le cadre de l'imagerie
cérébrale et ont été l'objet de moins d'attention que d'autres types de relations.
Nous proposons une méthode pour quantifier le degré de
symétrie dans les objets flous et les images via une mesure de symétrie ainsi qu'un algorithme pour
localiser le plan de symétrie d'un objet donné. L'application de cette méthode au plan de symétrie du cerveau est précise et robuste comme l'a montré l'évaluation menée sur des images synthétiques et réelles.
Puis nous montrons comment la description des structures cérébrales peut se faire
à l'aide d'un ensemble de relations spatiales et comment une telle description
peut être formalisée par un graphe hiérarchique synthétique. Cette description est
comparée avec celle obtenue à partir d'un atlas iconique, grâce à une structure appelée graphe hiérarchique exemple.
Enfin, les deux dernières parties traitent de l'utilisation des relations spatiales
en segmentation d'images. Une méthode pour intégrer de telles connaissances à un
modèle déformable via la construction d'une force externe est proposée. Elle se distingue nettement des autres approches disponibles puisque les relations sont directement introduites pour la recherche des contours des objets. Nous
présentons ensuite une procédure complète de segmentation de structures cérébrales internes fondée
sur la description précédente et sur un modèle déformable. Les premiers résultats obtenus, évalués visuellement, sont prometteurs.
Kodys, Martin. "Raisonnement sémantique pour une plateforme d’assistance intelligente orienté bien-être et santé numérique". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALM033.
Pełny tekst źródłaConnected objects of everyday living have made their way into our lives. Known as Internet of Things, the various technologies inspire a vast variety of applications. One of the pioneer applications is the concept and development of a smart home. This is now spreading outdoors; making vehicles, buildings, and even large cities smart. Moreover, the technology is getting more personal as well – as wearing smart clothes and other self-tracking devices become increasingly common and popular. This is often referred to as the quantified self.One particular case of a smart environment is ambient assisted living, which is designed to enhance elderly people’s day-to-day life. Such a ubiquitous and unobtrusive computer system can also be ported to other domains and age groups. For instance, the tracking of daily activities can also help younger adults to improve their lifestyle. Everyone can be encouraged to maintain a healthy lifestyle, perform sufficient physical activity, and make more informed decisions about their mobility. These are direct factors in preventing health risks, such as metabolic diseases like the type 2 diabetes, and allow a better control over respiratory diseases like the asthma.Driven by these ideas, this thesis explores the possibilities of a web-based platform with a semantic rule-based reasoning. The thesis details the work on technical improvements, enhancements in activity recognition, extensions for data analysis, and a mobility-oriented application.Following a user-centric approach, a real life deployment of the described technologies is necessary. Two use cases are examined. First, I enhanced and built upon a pre-existing system, which consists of sensors and a gateway placed into elderly participants' homes. The second use case is the deployment of a mobile phone application for active mobility assistance. Collecting relevant and timely data, the application then outputs a level of recommendation for every type of mobility. The recommendations are based on each user’s exercise tracking device, which incorporates their goals, their profiles, and other publicly available data sources such as weather and air quality.This thesis describes the outcomes and lessons learnt from these deployments. In addition, this thesis provides an in-depth discussion as well as analytical insights on the results of the deployments
Lesbegueries, Julien. "Plate-forme pour l'indexation spatiale multi-niveaux d'un corpus territorialisé". Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00258534.
Pełny tekst źródłaNous proposons en effet une méthode de recherche d'information spatiale multi-niveaux indexant un corpus textuel brut. Cette méthode qui extrait l'information d'un corpus et l'interprète, permet d'améliorer l'efficacité de systèmes de recherche d'information à chaque fois que l'interrogation comporte une connotation spatiale. L'interprétation permet en outre de retrouver le contexte dans lequel l'information spatiale a été utilisée. En particulier, elle permet d'indexer des unités de texte en leur associant des contextes de type itinéraire, description locale ou comparaison de lieux.
Chevriaux, Yann. "Une approche qualitative spatiale pour une description sémantique des reliefs". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00315651.
Pełny tekst źródłaNous cherchons à décrire une silhouette - i.e., une coupe de terrain ou la séparation terre/ciel à l'horizon - selon la perception que peut en avoir un observateur. Nous introduisons un modèle, fondé sur une approche qualitative, qui consiste à décrire une silhouette par une séquence de symboles signifiants. L'utilisateur ayant la possibilité de définir ses propres catégories, le modèle possède la capacité de s'adapter à différents contextes.
L'originalité de notre modèle repose dans la méthode de détection des formes significatives. Nous nous ecartons volontairement des méthodes numériques généralement utilisées dans les systèmes de détection ou de reconnaissance de forme. Nous considérons que la perception d'une forme particulière de relief est contingente de la perception de saillances, définies ici comme des points qualitativement remarquables. La description d'une silhouette inclut les relations topologiques qui relient les formes de relief détectées. Afin de tenir compte de l'imprécision des frontières des formes de relief, nous proposons une extension de la méthode 9-intersection. Les relations méréologiques, quant à elles, nous sont utiles pour dériver des représentations à différents niveaux d'abstraction.
Nous avons implanté le modèle en Java. Le prototype réealisé permet de définir des catégories, d'analyser des silhouettes, de déterminer les relations topologiques qui lient les formes détectées et d'obtenir une description à différents niveaux d'abstraction.
Cette thèse a bénéficié du soutien financier de la Région Bretagne.
Metzger, Jean-Luc. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'un modèle de Raisonnement à Partir de Cas pour l'aide à l'interprétation d'organisations spatiales agricoles". Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00465730.
Pełny tekst źródłaClément, Elisabeth. "Economie scripturale des adolescents : enquête sur les usages de l'écrit de lycéens". Caen, 2013. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00911228.
Pełny tekst źródłaTeenagers write today in multiple formats, whether paper or digital. Their uses are not known precisely. An ethnographic investigation leads us to observe and meet with teens for two years in order to clarify their uses. Writing is approached here in terms of geography and information science in order to clarify its place in their life. This thesis tries to understand what role the writing plays in the process identity of adolescents in all the technical, social and spatial layouts and devices in which they are enrolled. The methodological and epistemological support is based on the notion of situation and the case thinking. Both detailed descriptions of writing situations and portraits of adolescents afford to identify their uses in most of their activities. With the survey results, we invite to reconsider the study of literacy and to pave the road for a geography of writing
Riva, Mateus. "Spatial Relational Reasoning in Machine Learning : Deep Learning and Graph Clustering". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAT043.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis studies the capabilities of machine learning methods for reasoning on spatial relationships, with a particular focus on directional relationships, and the use of prior relational information by these methods. There are many works in the field of applying knowledge on relationships to machine learning methods. However, this body of work still leaves several open questions. Throughout this thesis, we explore, investigate and attempt to explain different research questions linked to this field.We propose an improvement to the training of CNNs via a regularisation loss function based on relational information. To this end, we propose two novel loss functions which reward relationship satisfaction during CNN training, and design synthetic experiments to showcase their impact. While the proposed loss functions show improvements over an unmodified baseline in specific, strict synthetic scenarios, the impact on more ``generic'' training scenarios is less significant. This result is not easily explainable, as neural network training is a significantly opaque process, and as such, a deeper exploration is required to understand how a CNN learns (or fails to learn) to reason using relational information.To further understanding of how a CNN can learn to reason using relational information, we propose a wide array of distinct synthetic experiments. We explore the processes which enable, facilitate, or hinder ``standard'' CNN reasoning on relationships. We propose a fundamental experience to demonstrate that a basic, unmodified CNN is capable of relational reasoning in some scenarios. Next, we explore which relationships are learned by the CNN, by performing inference on scenes where the prior relationships are disturbed, by recording the difference in the results, and by training and testing CNNs on synthetic data with more or less relationships available. We then investigate the limits placed on relational reasoning by the network receptive field, as well as deepen our analysis on situations where the amount of training data is insufficient. Finally, we explore at which moment during training relationships are satisfied, as a proxy for understanding at which moment the relationships themselves are learned.Following a graph-clustering approach to the usage of relational information, we explore prior relationships in a different machine learning context, that of community discovery on graphs. We formulate graph clustering as an inexact matching problem between the graph to be clustered and a model graph which encodes prior knowledge on how the communities or clusters relate to each other. We compare this approach with traditional graph clustering approaches on a set of synthetic graphs, to showcase the advantages of a relational-aware approach, as well as on real graphs
Fournier, Sébastien. "Intégration de la dimension spatiale au sein d'un modèle multi-agents à base de rôles pour la simulation : Application à la navigation maritime". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00315925.
Pełny tekst źródłaGoulette, Jean-Pierre. "Representation des connaissances spatiales pour la conception architecturale. Contribution au raisonnement spatial qualitatif". Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30202.
Pełny tekst źródłaDehak, Sidi Mohammed Réda. "Inférence quantitative des relations spatiales directionnelles". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2002. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000633.
Pełny tekst źródłaDehak, Reda. "Inférence quantitative des relations spatiales directionnelles". Paris, ENST, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENSTA001.
Pełny tekst źródłaSpatial relations between scene objects is a key point in pattern recognition and computer vision tasks. Human beings are skilled in estimating spatial relationships and can make very precise deductions despite the ambiguous definition of these relations. This thesis propose quantitative inference methods of directional spatial relations. We develop a new model which can represent at the same time angular information, necessary to quantify spatial relationships, and metric knowledge, useful for the deduction step. In the case of unknown distance information, two approaches were discussed. The first one is based on fuzzy aggregation network, it uses only the satisfaction degrees of spatial relations for the deduction step. The second one is a probabilistic approach. We solve the problem for different distributions of points in the plane and have generalized our formulas to the case of continuous distributions. These distributions represent prior knowledge about spatial localisation
Martin, Laura. "Modéliser l'insertion territoriale du Miscanthus x giganteus à partir des décisions des agriculteurs : une approche exploitant le modèle du raisonnement à partir de cas". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0225/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaMiscanthus x giganteus is the perennial crop, newly produced in Europe. Even if miscanthus is not so heavily produced nowadays, this crop would be of great interest for energy use. However, the allocation of miscanthus could produce a sustainable reorganization of the landscape. Therefore, many studies aim to model the land use change caused by miscanthus, in order to identify sustainable supply areas: our research belongs to this field. In our research, we propose a new framework for modeling decision-making process of farmers, relying on scaling out. More accurately, we propose to use the case-based reasoning model which solves problems based on an analogical reasoning. Then our research is structured: (i) by a knowledge acquisition step about decision-making process of farmers, based on farm surveys, conducted in the Côte d'Or department (Burgundy region) and (ii) by the design and evaluation of an ad hoc prototype of case-based reasoning. On the one hand, results of knowledge acquisition phase show that miscanthus allocation process is complex, more accurately, that miscanthus allocation process is closely related to land constraints, particularly in terms of logistic and environmental preservation of plots. These results lead us to discuss the selection of biophysical and human variables included to the current spatially explicit models. On the other hand, the design and evaluation phase of our prototype shows that case-based reasoning is particularly well suited to model a contextual phenomenon. These results lead us to discuss the modalities for implementing the prototype in other production areas of miscanthus
Wu, Jing. "A qualitative spatio-temporal modelling and reasoning approach for the representation of moving entities". Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0036/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe research developed in this thesis introduces a qualitative approach for representing and reasoning on moving entities in a two-dimensional geographical space. Movement patterns of moving entities are categorized based on a series of qualitative spatial models of topological relations between a directed line and a region, and orientation relations between two directed lines, respectively. Qualitative movements are derived from the spatio-temporal relations that characterize moving entities conceptualized as either points or regions in a two-dimensional space. Such a spatio-temporal framework supports the derivation of the basic movement configurations inferred from moving and static entities. The approach is complemented by a tentative qualification of the possible natural language expressions of the primitive movements identified. Complex movements can be represented by a composition of these primitive movements. The notion of conceptual transition that favors the exploration of possible trajectories in the case of incomplete knowledge configurations is introduced and explored.Composition tables are also studied and provide additional reasoning capabilities. The whole approach is applied to the analysis of flight patterns and maritime trajectories
Le, Ber Françoise. "Modélisation des connaissances et raisonnements pour l'analyse de paysages agraires à partir de données satellitaires". Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10342.
Pełny tekst źródłaVanegas, Orozco Maria Carolina. "Relations spatiales et raisonnement spatial pour l'interprétation des images d'observation de la Terre utilisant un modèle structurel". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00583410.
Pełny tekst źródłaVanegas, Orozco Maria Carolina. "Relations spatiales et raisonnement spatial pour l'interprétation d'images d'observation de la terre à l'aide d'un modèle structurel". Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00583410.
Pełny tekst źródłaHigh resolution remote sensing images allow discriminating between different objects that compose a scene. However, due to the large quantities of information it is difficult to differentiate the meaningful characteristics or regions necessaries for the description of the scene. Thus, the interpretation of these image requires the introduction of new tools which allows us to distinguish the objects of interest from the rest of the image. First we study the spatial relations which can be useful for the interpretation of satellite images. We focused on the following spatial relations: surround, relations between linear objects and regions, alignment and parallelism. For each of these relations we developed formal models within the fuzzy set framework, which take into account the semantics, the perception and the context of use of these relations. These relations were evaluated on real objects, obtaining satisfaction degrees which fit well with the intuition, even in the case of complex objects. Then we propose an application of spatial relations for higher level tasks. We introduce an interpretation system which is capable of finding the instantiations of an structural model in an image. The interpretation problem is described as a flexible constraint satisfaction problem. We proposed adapted propagation algorithms for flexible constraint satisfaction problems in order to cope with complex relations and to take into account the difficulties of properly detecting the objects in the image. We tested our algorithm in scenes containing harbors and airports and the results show the interest of incorporating this methodology in a more complete image interpretation system
Buisson, Laurent. "Le raisonnement spatial dans les systèmes à base de connaissances : application à l'analyse de sites avalancheux". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00338689.
Pełny tekst źródłaCarvalho, Felipe. "La pensée démonstrative : une approche pragmatique". Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0048.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis investigates the possibility of explaining our capacity to have demonstrative thoughts about particulars in our external environment within a broadly pragmatist approach to singular mental representation. This approach will be introduced in the context of a debate between conceptualists and perceptualists about demonstrative thought. According to the first, this capacity cannot be explained in the absence of sophistioated background conceptual knowledge of what objects are and how they behave in space and time. According to the latter we can explain it at the more primitive level of perception, on the basis of low-level perceptual processes that are naturally tuned to the task of individuating and fracking medium-sized material objects. This thesis will argue that a more desirable middle ground can be attained by adopting a pragmatist approach to demonstrative thought, where the capacity to think about particulars in the world is explained through a practical knowledge of what objects are and how they behave, acquired through repeated pattems of active interactions with objects in the world
Kettani, Driss. "Conception et implantation d'un modèle spatial qualitatif qui s'inspire du raisonnement spatial de l'être humain". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq39361.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaMaculet, Robert, i JEAN-FRANCOIS PERROT. "Archipel : Intelligence artificielle et conception assistee par ordinateur en architecture. representation des connaissances spatiales,algebre de manhattan, et raisonnement spatial avec contraintes". Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066564.
Pełny tekst źródłaAlmeida, Dominique D'. "Etude de systèmes de contraintes pour le raisonnement qualitatif temporel et spatial". Thesis, Artois, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ARTO0411/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaModelling and solving constraints problems is a major domain in Artificial Intelligence. By the various natures of the constraints, different formalisms were proposed to express them in a simple andcompact way while guaranteeing the effectiveness of the associated solution tools. Propositional formulae, discrete constraint networks (DCNs), and qualitative constraint networks (QCNs) are the well known frameworks that guaranty these requirements. For temporal or space information, QCNs constitute a model of choice with many real world applications such as scheduling, temporal or spatial planning and geographic information systems. Our contributions aim at studying the links between QCNs, DCNs and propositional formulas, in order to adapt the tools developed in these fields and to propose new approaches. First of all, we focus on the structural aspects of QCNs, by transforming weak composition within the various frameworks. In order to define a transformation towards propositional logic we then exploit the properties of tractable classes of some qualitative formalism. Exploiting the transformation towards DCNs, we propose an incomplete method simplifying the proof of the inconsistency for QCNs by relaxing the weak composition property. Then, we propose a complete approach thanks to tractable classes. Finally, these studies lead us to propose a new form of local substitutability, whose static and dynamic detections significantly improve search algorithms for DCNs
Sioutis, Michaël. "Algorithmic contributions to qualitative constraint-based spatial and temporal reasoning". Thesis, Artois, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ARTO0401/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaQualitative Spatial and Temporal Reasoning is a major field of study in Artificial Intelligence and, particularly, in Knowledge Representation, which deals with the fundamental cognitive concepts of space and time in an abstract manner. In our thesis, we focus on qualitative constraint-based spatial and temporal formalisms and make contributions to several aspects. In particular, given a knowledge base of qualitative spatial or temporal information, we define novel local consistency conditions and related techniques to efficiently solve the fundamental reasoning problems that are associated with such knowledge bases. These reasoning problems consist of the satisfiability problem, which is the problem of deciding whether there exists a quantitative interpretation of all the entities of a knowledge base such that all of its qualitative relations are satisfied by that interpretation, the minimal labeling problem, which is the problem of determining all the atoms for each of the qualitative relations of a knowledge base that participate in at least one of its solutions, and the redundancy problem, which is the problem of obtaining all the non-redundant qualitative relations of a knowledge base. Further, we enrich the field of spatio-temporal formalisms that combine space and time in an interrelated manner by making contributions with respect to a qualitative spatio-temporal logic that results by combining the propositional temporal logic (PTL) with a qualitative spatial constraint language, and by investigating the task of ordering a temporal sequence of qualitative spatial configurations to meet certain transition constraints
Hafsi, Meriem. "Géo-détection des réseaux enterrés par fusion de données multimodales et raisonnement spatial". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAA024/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaOur work aims to solve the problem of reliable detection of underground networks by optimization of the existing methods. Four methods are planned to identify the underground pipelines but they have limits and depend on many factors. Our investigation aims to solve the problem of reliable detection of underground networks by aggregation of the existing methods and reasoning at different abstraction levels. For that purpose, we must be able to provide an accurate geo-detection of underground networks regardless of their material, their function or the soil in which they are buried. The information collected in the field or soil by these detection methods will be merged in order to achieve and obtain an accurate and reliable single result of geo-detection. For that, we need to check independently these distinct methods and then to aggregate the information/data they provide. Besides, the first step will consists of the representation of this information into symbolic knowledge. The second step is to overcome the limitations of current methods to provide a reliable and expressive reasoning system
Alboody, Ahed. "Réception des données spatiales et leurs traitements : analyse d'images satellites pour la mise à jour des SIG par enrichissement du système de raisonnement spatial RCC8". Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1316/.
Pełny tekst źródłaNowadays, the resolution of satellite images and the volume of available geographic databases are constantly growing. Images of high resolution remote sensing represent sources of heterogeneous data increasingly necessary and difficult to exploit. These images are considered very rich and useful sources for updating Geographic Information Systems (GIS). To update these databases, a step of change detection is necessary and required. This thesis focuses on the study of satellite image analysis by enriching the spatial reasoning system RCC8 (Region Connection Calculus) for the detection of topological changes in order to update GIS databases. The ultimate goal of this study is to exploit and enrich the topological relations of the system RCC8. The interest of the enrichment and detailed description of RCC8 system relations lies in the fact that they can automatically detect the different levels of topological details and topological changes between geographical regions represented on GIS digital maps and satellite images. In this thesis, we propose and develop an extension of the Intersection and Difference (ID) topological model by using topological invariants which are : the separation number, the neighborhood and the spatial element type. This extension enriches and details the relations of the system RCC8 at two levels of detail. At the first level, the enrichment of the system RCC8 is made by using the topological invariant of the separation number and the new system is called "system RCC-16 at level-1". To avoid confusion problems between the topological relations of this new system, the second level by enriching the "system RCC-16 at level-1" is done by using the topological invariant of the spatial element type and the new system is called "system RCC-16 at level-2". These two systems RCC-16 (at two levels : level-1 and level-2) will be applied to satellite image analysis, change detection and spatial analysis in GIS. We propose a new method for detecting changes between a new satellite image and a GIS old digital map. This method integrates the topological analysis of the system RCC-16 to detect and identify changes between two satellite images, or between two vector maps produced at different dates. In this study of the enrichment of the system RCC8, spatial regions have simple spatial representations. However, the spatial and topological relations between regions in satellite images and GIS data are more complex, vague and uncertain. With the aim of studying the topological relations between fuzzy regions, a model called the Fuzzy topological model of Intersection and Difference (FID) for the description of topological relations between fuzzy regions is proposed and developed. 152 topological relations can be extracted using this model FID. These 152 relations are grouped into eight clusters of the qualitative relations of the system RCC8 : Disjoint (Disconnected), Meets (Externally Connected), Overlaps (Partially Overlapping), CoveredBy (Tangential Proper Part), Inside (Non-Tangential Proper Part), Covers (Tangential Proper Part Inverse), Contains (Non-Tangential Proper Part Inverse), and Equal. These relations will be evaluated and extracted from satellite images to give examples of their interest in the image analysis field and GIS. The contribution of this thesis is marked by enriching the qualitative spatial reasoning system RCC8 giving rise to a new system, RCC-16, implementing a new method of change detection, the model FID, and clustering the 152 fuzzy topological relations in eight qualitative clusters of the system RCC8
GONCALVES, MARIE-ROSE. "Formalisation hybride du raisonnement spatial application a la consultation d'une base de donnees geographique". Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112199.
Pełny tekst źródłaMilliez, Grégoire. "Raisonnement sur le contexte et les croyances pour l'interaction homme-robot". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INPT0077/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe first robots appeared in factories, in the form of programmable controllers. These first robotic forms usually had a very limited number of sensors and simply repeated a small set of sequences of motions and actions. Nowadays, more and more robots have to interact or cooperate with humans, whether at the workplace with teammate robots or at home with assistance robots. Introducing a robot in a human environment raises many challenges. Indeed, to evolve in the same environment as humans, and to understand this environment, the robot must be equipped with appropriate cognitive abilities. Beyond understanding the physical environment, the robot must be able to reason about human partners in order to work with them or serve them best. When the robot interacts with humans, the fulfillment of the task is not a sufficient criterion to quantify the quality of the interaction. Indeed, as the human is a social being, it is important that the robot can have reasoning mechanisms allowing it to assess the mental state of the human to improve his understanding and efficiency, but also to exhibit social behaviors in order to be accepted and to ensure the comfort of the human. In this manuscript, we first present a generic framework (independent of the robotic platform and sensors used) to build and maintain a representation of the state of the world by using the aggregation of data entry and hypotheses on the environment. This infrastructure is also in charge of assessing the situation. Using the state of the world it maintains, the system is able to utilize various spatio-temporal reasoning to assess the situation of the environment and the situation of the present agents (humans and robots). This allows the creation and maintenance of a symbolic representation of the state of the world and to keep awareness of each agent status. Second, to go further in understanding the situation of the humans, we will explain how we designed our robot with the capacity known in developmental and cognitive psychology as "theory of mind", embodied here by mechanisms allowing the system to reason by putting itself in the human situation, that is to be equipped with "perspective-taking" ability. Later we will explain how the assessment of the situation enables a situated dialogue with the human, and how the ability to explicitly manage conflicting beliefs can improve the quality of interaction and understanding of the human by the robot. We will also show how knowledge of the situation and the perspective taking ability allows proper recognition of human intentions and how we enhanced the robot with proactive behaviors to help the human. Finally, we present a study where a system maintains a human model of knowledge on various tasks to improve the management of the interaction during the interactive development and fulfillment of a shared plan
Mangelinck, Ludmila. "Représentation et classification de structures spatiales -- Application à la reconnaissance de paysages agricoles". Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00391141.
Pełny tekst źródłaBuisson, Laurent Rechenmann François Chiaramella Yves. "Le raisonnement spatial dans les systèmes à base de connaissances application à l'analyse de sites avalancheux /". S.l. : Université Grenoble 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00338689.
Pełny tekst źródłaLaugier, Christian. "Raisonnement géométrique et méthodes de décision en robotique : application à la programmation automatique des robots". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Grenoble INPG, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00325156.
Pełny tekst źródłaClément-Schneider, Élisabeth. "Économie scripturale des adolescents : enquête sur les usages de l'écrit de lycéens". Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00911228.
Pełny tekst źródłaDufour-Lussier, Valmi. "Reasoning with qualitative spatial and temporal textual cases". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0182/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis proposes a practical model making it possible to implement a case-based reasoning system that adapts processes represented as natural language text in response to user queries. While the cases and the solutions are in textual form, the adaptation itself is performed on networks of temporal constraints expressed with a qualitative algebra, using a belief revision operator. Natural language processing methods are used to acquire case representations and to regenerate text based on the adaptation result
Larvor, Yannick. "Notions de méréogéométrie : description qualitative de propriétés géométriques du mouvement et de la forme d'objets tridimensionnels". Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30131.
Pełny tekst źródłaSchwind, Nicolas. "Fusion de réseaux de contraintes qualitatives". Thesis, Artois, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ARTO0410/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaTime and space representation is an important task in many domains such as natural language processing, geographic information systems (GIS), computer vision, robot navigation. Many qualitative approaches have been proposed to represent the spatial or temporal entities and their relations. The majority of these formalisms use qualitative constraints networks (QCNs) to represent information about a system.In some application, e. g. multi-agent systems, spatial or temporal information come from different sources, i. e. each source provides a spatial or temporal QCN representing relative positions between objects. The multiplicity of sources providing spatial or temporal information makes that the underlying QCNs are generally conflicting. Indeed it becomes necessary to solve the conflicts and define a set of consistent spatial or temporal information representing the result of merging.Merging multiple sources information has attracted much attention in the framework of propositional logic. We take an inspiration from these works in order to define some merging process specified to QCNs, and study their logic and computational properties
Salamat, Nadeem. "Modélisation des relations spatiales entre objets en mouvement". Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718399.
Pełny tekst źródłaMefteh, Wafa. "Approche ontologique pour la modélisation et le raisonnement sur les trajectoires : prise en compte des aspects thématiques, temporels et spatiaux". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LAROS405/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe evolution of systems capture data on moving objects has given birth to new generations of applications in various fields. Captured data, commonly called ”trajectories”, are at the heart of applications that analyze and monitor road, maritime and air traffic or also those that optimize public transport. They are also used in the video game, movies, sports and field biology to study animal behavior, by motion capture systems. Today, the data produced by these sensors are raw spatio-temporal characters hiding semantically rich and meaningful informations to an expert data. So, the objective of this thesis is to automatically associate the spatio-temporal data descriptions or concepts related to the behavior of moving objects, interpreted by humans, but also by machines. Based on this observation, we propose a process based on the experience of real-world moving objects, including vessel and plane, to an ontological model for the generic path. We present some applications of interest to experts in the field and show the inability to use the paths in their raw state. Indeed, the analysis of these queries identified three types of semantic components : thematic, spatial and temporal. These components must be attached to data paths leading to enter an annotation that transforms raw semantic paths process trajectories. To exploit the semantic trajectories, we construct a high-level ontology for the domain of the path which models the raw data and their annotations. Given the need of complete reasoning with concepts and spatial and temporal operators, we propose the solution for reuse of ontologies time space. In this thesis, we also present our results from a collaboration with a research team that focuses on the analysis and understanding of the behavior of marine mammals in their natural environment. We describe the process used in the first two areas, which share raw data representing the movement of seals to ontological trajectory model seals. We pay particular attention to the contribution of the upper ontology defined in a contextual framework for ontology application. Finally, this thesis presents the difficulty of implementation on real data size (hundreds of thousands) when reasoning through inference mechanisms using business rules
Aurnague, Michel. "Contribution a l'etude de la semantique formelle de l'espace et du raisonnement spatial : la localisation interne en francais, semantique et structures inferentielles". Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30019.
Pełny tekst źródłaCotteret, Gilles. "Extraction d'éléments curvilignes guidée par des mécanismes attentionnels pour des images de télédétection : approche par fusion de données". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00163679.
Pełny tekst źródłaAinsi les trois parties du modèle ELECA sont (1) une méthode de recherche de l'information locale qui utilise un œil virtuel pour ne se focaliser qu'aux lieux d'information probable, évitant ainsi un traitement global de l'image ; (2) une méthode simple et rapide d'extraction de l'information locale par une adaptation astucieuse d'une analyse en composantes connexes ; et (3) une méthode originale de fusion des informations locales qui s'appuie sur des travaux de reconstruction de l'espace global par raisonnement spatial qualitatif.
Le modèle ELECA évite de cette manière certains pièges dans lesquels tombent souvent les méthodes courantes/classiques. En particulier, la technique proposée peut être mise en œuvre pour des images partiellement masquées ou de basse résolution pour lesquelles seulement des interprètes humains peuvent traiter l'image présentement. La méthode a été aussi élaborée pour être rapide et efficace afin de pouvoir réaliser des mises à jour de SIG très rapides lorsque nécessaire.
La dernière partie de ce travail est consacrée à l'élaboration d'une solution informatique supportant le modèle ELECA. Une architecture logicielle souple et adaptative est mise en avant, permettant l'intégration de développements ultérieurs pour le modèle. Enfin un volet algorithmique montre concrètement que les solutions du modèle ELECA sont implantables en termes informatiques.
Auxire, Nathalie. "Interdidactique de l'enseignement des mathématiques dans trois disciplines de la filière productique usinage en lycée professionnel". Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE2025/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the context of the professional and educational program in Automated Manufacturing, languages of three courses (Mathematics, Engineering Design, Automated Manufacturing)are compared from the cross cultural point of view to the way of teaching spatial mathematical reasoning : on the one hand, topological relations between three-dimensional forms and, on the other hand,modelling with vectors as conceptual tool
Baro, Johanna. "Modélisation multi-échelles de la morphologie urbaine à partir de données carroyées de population et de bâti". Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1004/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince a couple of decades the relationships between urban form and travel patterns are central to reflection on sustainable urban planning and transport policy. The increasing distribution of regular grid data is in this context a new perspective for modeling urban structures from measurements of density freed from the constraints of administrative division. Population density data are now available on 200 meters grids covering France. We complete these data with built area densities in order to propose two types of classified images adapted to the study of travel patterns and urban development: classifications of urban fabrics and classifications of morphotypes of urban development. The construction of such classified images is based on theoretical and experimental which raise methodological issues regarding the classification of a statistically various urban spaces. To proceed exhaustively those spaces, we proposed a per-pixel classification method of urban fabrics by supervised transfer learning. Hidden Markov random fields are used to take into account the dependencies in the spatial data. The classifications of morphotypes are then obtained by broadening the knowledge of urban fabrics. These classifications are formalized from chorematique theoretical models and implemented by qualitative spatial reasoning. The analysis of these classifications by methods of quantitative spatial reasoning and factor analysis allowed us to reveal the morphological diversity of 50 metropolitan areas. It highlights the relevance of these classifications to characterize urban areas in accordance with various development issues related to the density or multipolar development
Mangane, Destin. "Enseignement et apprentissage de la stéréochimie en terminale D au Bénin : raisonnements des élèves et points de vue des enseignants". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01010548.
Pełny tekst źródłaLouarn, Amaury. "A topological approach to virtual cinematography". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1S063.
Pełny tekst źródłaResearch in the domain of virtual cinematography has mostly focused on specific aspects of cinematography but fail to take into account the interdependencies between all the entities in the scene. Indeed, while most approaches take into account the fact that the cameras and lights are constrained by the characters, most fail to acknowledge that the characters are also constrained by the cameras and lights. In this thesis we tackle these interdependencies by modeling the relations between the entities and the topology of the environment. To this end, we propose a language to be used to formally describe a scene thanks to high-level constraints that represent entity relations, to which are associated formal operators that can be used to enforce these constraints through geometry. Our second contribution is a cinematographic staging system that generates staging configurations in a virtual environment thanks to a description written in our formal language. Our third contribution is a real-time camera placement system that builds on a subset of our formal language and generates camera tracks in a virtual environment to be used to guide the camera in real-time
Miron, Alina Dia. "Découverte d'associations sémantique pour le Web sémantique géospatial : le framework ONTOAST". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10311.
Pełny tekst źródłaIt is now commonly accepted that over 70% of web pages contain spatial and temporal references through the use of place names, addresses, geographical coordinates, dates, etc. . . However, these temporal and spatial information are currently unexploited by search engines, when they could b used in the search process in order to clarify the context ofa query, for query disambiguation, for result classification, etc. . . Based on this observation, our work focuses on the study of representation and reasoning techniques based on spatial and temporal annotations, necessary for the construction of a future Geospatial Semantic Web, capable of offering an adapted management of the spatial and the temporal dimension of information. The objective of the Geospatial Semantic Web is identical to that of the Semantic Web: attach formal description (metadata) to spatial and temporal data, which can be interpreted by humans, but mostly by machines, so that the automated processing of this data by software agents is possible and effective. We propose in this thesis a spatial and temporal reasoner, which is compatible with the standard ontology language OWL and with the evolution OWL DL. Our system, called ONTOAST is able to exploit both spatial and temporal quantitative data (Le. The geometry of spatial objects, time intervals and or time instants. . . ) and temporal and spatial relationships in order to infer implicit qualitative spatial and temporal relations. The goal is to answer questions such as: "What cities are located in the southwest of France?" or 'What are the obje"tives tourist near my current position?". . . This thesis also studies a new search paradigm defmed for the Semantic Web, called semantic analysis, which aims the discovery of direct and indirect relationships existing between two individuals. We propose here the alaptation of the semantic analysis, originally defined fur RDF (S) graph for 0 2 ontologies. Also, we extend the semantic analysis process by exploitingthe spatial and temporal information attached to individuals. The later are used to filter ontological knowledge with respectto given spatial and temporal query contexts, usedto specify the spatial and temporal scope of the uerv, but also for the discoverv of new semantic associations based on a spatial / temporal proximity and between individuals
Marin-Urias, Luis Felipe. "Planification et contrôle de mouvements en interaction avec l'homme. Reasoning about space for human-robot interaction". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00468918.
Pełny tekst źródłaGuérin, Clément. "Proposition d'un cadre pour l'analyse automatique, l'interprétation et la recherche interactive d'images de bande dessinée". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS024/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince the beginning of the twenty-first century, the cultural industry, both in France and worldwide, has been through a massive and historical mutation. They have had to adapt to the emerging digital technology represented by the Internet and the new handheld devices such as smartphones and tablets. Although some industries successfully transfered a piece of their activity to the digital market and are about to find a sound business model, the comic books industry keeps looking for the right solution and has not yet produce anything as convincing as the music or movie offers. While many new young authors and writers use their creativity to produce specifically digital designed pieces of art, some other minds are focused on the preservation and the development of the already existing heritage. So far, efforts have been concentrated on the transfer from printed to digital support, with a special attention given to their specific features and how they can be used to create new reading conventions. There has also been some concerns about the content indexing, which is a hard task regarding the large amount of data created since the very beginning of the comics history. From a scientific point of view, there are several issues related to these goals. First, it implies to be able to identify the underlying structure of a comic books page. This comes through the extraction of the page's components, their validation and their correction based on the representation and reasoning capacities of two ontologies. The first one focus on the representation of the image analysis concepts and the second one represents the comic books domain knowledge. Secondly, a special attention is given to the semantic enhancement of the extracted elements, based on their spatial relations to each others and on their own characteristics. These annotations can be related to elements only (e.g. the position of a panel in the reading sequence), or to the bound between several elements (e.g. the text pronounced by a character)
Fouquier, Geoffroy. "Optimisation de séquences de segmentation combinant modèle structurel et focalisation de l'attention visuelle : application à la reconnaissance de structures cérébrales dans des images 3D". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00006074.
Pełny tekst źródłaDelaye, Adrien. "Méta-modèles de positionnement spatial pour la reconnaissance de tracés manuscrits". Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00651446.
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