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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Rain forest ecology Australia”

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Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

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1

Martin, K. C., i W. J. Freeland. "Herpetofauna of a northern Australian monsoon rain forest: seasonal changes and relationships to adjacent habitats". Journal of Tropical Ecology 4, nr 3 (sierpień 1988): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400002790.

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ABSTRACTThe herpetofauna of a floodplain monsoon rain forest in northern Australia is composed primarily of species from non rain forest habitats. The majority of frog species use rain forest as a seasonal refuge, and there is a marked increase in numbers during the dry season. Faunal richness lies within limits expected on the basis of the length of the dry season and species richnesses of non-Australian faunas. There are few lizard species and an abundance of frog species (none of which is a rain forest specialist) in comparison to rain forest herpetofaunas in other tropical regions. The impoverished lizard fauna, and the paucity of rain forest specialists may be because (a) seasonal invasion of rain forest by frogs prevents evolution of, or colonization by, specialists or (b) rain forest specialists may not have been able to cross semiarid habitats separating the Northern Territory from eastern Australian rain forests. The herpetofaunas of monsoon forests in Cape York Peninsula may provide a means of distinguishing between these hypotheses.

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2

Banfai, Daniel S., i David M. J. S. Bowman. "Drivers of rain-forest boundary dynamics in Kakadu National Park, northern Australia: a field assessment". Journal of Tropical Ecology 23, nr 1 (styczeń 2007): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467406003701.

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Understanding the causes of savanna–forest dynamics is vital as small but widespread changes in the extent of tropical forests can have major impacts on global climate, biodiversity and human well-being. Comparison of aerial photographs for 50 rain-forest patches in Kakadu National Park had previously revealed a landscape-wide monotonic expansion of rain-forest boundaries between 1964 and 2004. Here floristic, structural, environmental and disturbance attributes of the changes were investigated by sampling 588 plots across 30 rain-forest patches. Areas that had changed from savanna to rain forest were associated with a significantly higher abundance of rain-forest trees and less grasses, relative to stable savanna areas. Ordination analyses showed that overall floristic composition was not significantly different between newly established rain forest and longer established rain forest. Generalized linear models also indicated that contemporary levels of disturbance (fire and feral animal impact) and environmental variables (slope and soil texture) were poor predictors of historical vegetation change. We concluded that (1) the rain-forest boundaries are highly dynamic at the decadal scale; (2) rain-forest expansion is consistent with having been driven by global environmental change phenomena such as increases in rainfall and atmospheric CO2; and (3) expansion will continue if current climatic trends and management conditions persist.

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3

J. Metcalfe, D., i A. J. Ford. "A Re-evaluation of Queensland?s Wet Tropics based on ?Primitive? Plants". Pacific Conservation Biology 15, nr 2 (2009): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc090080.

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The diversity of angiosperms in primitive families, which occur in the Wet Tropics of Queensland, is frequently cited as evidence of the ancient nature of the Australian rain forests, but appears to be based on flawed taxonomic assumptions. We point out the error of identifying species as being primitive rather than representing families with ancient origins, list the families from near-basal lineages using a current molecular phylogeny, and compare their diversity with other areas of rain forest in Australia, and with other tropical areas in the Pacific. Twenty-eight dicot families below the eudicot clade may be regarded as near-basal; 16 of these are present in rain forest habitat in the Wet Tropics. The diversity of near-basal families, and of the species and endemics within these families, is similar in New Caledonia, and the family diversity similar to Costa Rica. We suggest that these data are consistent with other evidence that rain forest has persisted on the Australian continent for a long time, and that the role of Australian rain forests in harbouring a significant near-basal component has been underestimated. We also suggest that ongoing management might be focussed at conserving the evolutionary history present in the near-basal lineages, especially in the face of changing climatic patterns.

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4

van Ingen, Laura T., Ricardo I. Campos i Alan N. Andersen. "Ant community structure along an extended rain forest–savanna gradient in tropical Australia". Journal of Tropical Ecology 24, nr 4 (lipiec 2008): 445–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467408005166.

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AbstractIn mixed tropical landscapes, savanna and rain-forest vegetation often support contrasting biotas, and this is the case for ant communities in tropical Australia. Such a contrast is especially pronounced in monsoonal north-western Australia, where boundaries between rain forest and savanna are often extremely abrupt. However, in the humid tropics of north-eastern Queensland there is often an extended gradient between rain forest and savanna through eucalypt-dominated tall open forest. It is not known if ant community structure varies continuously along this gradient, or, if there is a major disjunction, where it occurs. We address this issue by sampling ants at ten sites distributed along a 6-km environmental gradient from rain forest to savanna, encompassing the crest and slopes of Mt. Lewis in North Queensland. Sampling was conducted using ground and baited arboreal pitfall traps, and yielded a total of 95 ant species. Mean trap species richness was identical in rain forest and rain-forest regrowth, somewhat higher in tall open forest, and twice as high again in savanna woodland. The great majority (78%) of the 58 species from savanna woodland were recorded only in this habitat type. MDS ordination of sites based on ant species composition showed a continuum from rain forest through rain-forest regrowth to tall open forest, and then a discontinuity between these habitat types and savanna woodland. These findings indicate that the contrast between rain forest and savanna ant communities in tropical Australia is an extreme manifestation of a broader forest-savanna disjunction.

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5

Parker, Paul K. "Australian Rain-forest Subdivisions and Conservation Strategies". Environmental Conservation 14, nr 1 (1987): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900011085.

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The subdivision of Australian tropical rain-forest into one- and two-hectares' residential blocks changes the local ecology in a dramatic manner. It opens the canopy, changes the humidity regime, decimates ancient climax vegetation, and introduces weed species. As a result, the practice is incompatible with the objectives alike of the World Conservation Strategy and the National Conservation Strategy for Australia. Government intervention will be required if the Strategy is to be implemented. The first step towards implementation is the evaluation of current and proposed practices. A brief analysis of the incidence of costs and benefits demonstrates the skewed distribution which results from rain-forest subdivision. A few sellers and promoters receive millions of dollars in capital gains, while millions of other people lose the public and recreational benefits offered by the existing rain-forest, and the world as a whole loses much of scientific value. The information gained by this brief analysis provides the Government with a better basis on which to act than heretofore.

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6

Russell-Smith, J., D. E. Lucas, J. Brock i D. M. J. S. Bowman. "Allosyncarpia-dominated rain forest in monsoonal northern Australia". Journal of Vegetation Science 4, nr 1 (luty 1993): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3235734.

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7

COLLOFF, MATTHEW J. "A review of the oribatid mite family Nothridae in Australia, with new species of Novonothrus and Trichonothrus from rain forest and their Gondwanan biogeo-graphical affinities (Acari: Oribatida)". Zootaxa 3005, nr 1 (26.08.2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3005.1.1.

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The Nothridae of Australia hitherto consisted of the semi-cosmopolitan Nothrus anauniensis, Novonothrus flagellatus and an un-named Novonothrus species. This paper contains additional records of N. anauniensis and descriptions of five new species of Novonothrus, including immatures (N. barringtonensis sp. nov., N. coronospinosus sp. nov., N. glabriseta sp. nov., N. nothofagii sp. nov. and N. silvanus sp. nov.), a genus known from Australia, New Zealand and Chile. A key to Novonothrus is provided and the genus redefined. A second species of Trichonothrus (T. hallidayi sp. nov.), is described, representing a new generic record for Australia: Trichonothrus was previously known only from South Africa. Supplementary descriptions are given for Novonothrus flagellatus Hammer, 1966 and Trichonothrus austroafricanus Mahunka, 1986. The Australian record of the former species is based on a misidentification of the species described herein as N. glabriseta sp. nov. and N. flagellatus appears to be confined to New Zealand. Three species groups are proposed for Novonothrus: Barringtonensis (N. barringtonensis, N. nothofagii and N. silvanus) from central New South Wales and Victoria; Puyehue (N. glabriseta from Tasmania, N. puyehue, N. covarrubiasi and N. kethleyi from Valdivian temperate rain forest in Chile) and Flagellatus (N. coronospinosus from northern New South Wales and N. flagellatus from native forest, including Nothofagus, in New Zealand). Novonothrus and Trichonothrus show a relict Gondwanan distribution and are associated with indigenous wet forests. In Australia, members of these genera have been recorded mostly from cool tem-perate Nothofagus rain forest. The relatively high diversity of sexual species of Nothrina in Australian temperate rain forests is contrasted with high diversity of thelytokous parthenogenetic species in temperate Northern Hemisphere localities and is discussed in relation to differences in palaeoclimate and environmental history.

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8

Hill, Christopher J., Andrew N. Gillison i Rhondda E. Jones. "The spatial distribution of rain forest butterflies at three sites in North Queensland, Australia". Journal of Tropical Ecology 8, nr 01 (luty 1992): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400006064.

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ABSTRACTSurveys of the microhabitat distribution of adult butterfly species were undertaken at three rain forest sites in North Queensland, Australia, encompassing a range of rain forest vegetation types. These surveys found little evidence for a specialist canopy fauna. Most species recorded in the canopy were often seen close to the ground. At all sites, most species were observed at the edge of the rain forest habitat; within the rain forest, more species were observed near the ground than in the canopy.

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9

Parsons, Scott A., i Robert A. Congdon. "Plant litter decomposition and nutrient cycling in north Queensland tropical rain-forest communities of differing successional status". Journal of Tropical Ecology 24, nr 3 (maj 2008): 317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467408004963.

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Abstract:Soil processes are essential in enabling forest regeneration in disturbed landscapes. Little is known about whether litterfall from dominating pioneer species in secondary rain forest is functionally equivalent to that of mixed rain-forest litter in terms of contribution to soil processes. This study used the litterbag technique to quantify the decomposition and nutrient dynamics of leaf litter characteristic of three wet tropical forest communities in the Paluma Range National Park, Queensland, Australia over 511 d. These were: undisturbed primary rain forest (mixed rain-forest species), selectively logged secondary rain forest (pioneer Alphitonia petriei) and tall open eucalypt forest (Eucalyptus grandis). Mass loss, total N, total P, K, Ca and Mg dynamics of the decaying leaves were determined, and different mathematical models were used to explain the mass loss data. Rainfall and temperature data were also collected from each site. The leaves of A. petriei and E. grandis both decomposed significantly slower in situ than the mixed rain-forest species (39%, 38% and 29% ash-free dry mass remaining respectively). Nitrogen and phosphorus were immobilized, with 182% N and 134% P remaining in E. grandis, 127% N and 132% P remaining in A. petriei and 168% N and 121% P remaining in the mixed rain-forest species. The initial lignin:P ratio and initial lignin:N ratio exerted significant controls on decomposition rates. The exceptionally slow decomposition of the pioneer species is likely to limit soil processes at disturbed tropical rain-forest sites in Australia.

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10

Osunkoya, Olusegun O., Julian E. Ash, Andrew W. Graham i Mike S. Hopkins. "Growth of tree seedlings in tropical rain forests of North Queensland, Australia". Journal of Tropical Ecology 9, nr 1 (luty 1993): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400006891.

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ABSTRACTThe effects of forest habitat, canopy light condition, vertebrate herbivory and species mean seed size on growth of tree seedlings were evaluated for six widely different species of North Queensland tropical rain forests. Two forest localities differing in size and rainfall intensity were used for the trial. In each forest, seedlings were transplanted three weeks after germination into small to medium-sized canopy gaps and into the forest interiors, with half protected by cages and the other half unprotected. Growth measurements were made over a period of 16 months. All growth parameters examined differed significantly between the six species. At the end of the study period, for most species, forest site and protection from vertebrates did not affect seedling biomass. For all species, growth was higher in gaps than in forest interior, but most biomass allocation patterns did not differ between the two habitats. This was attributed to the small difference in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) levels between the two habitats (interior, 0.48–2.53% PAR; gap, 3.58–7.09% PAR). Between species, seedling growth in the forest interior and sensitivity to increasing light were significantly correlated with initial mean seed size. The growth ability of the six species in and out of canopy gaps is discussed in terms of regeneration status of forest tree species.

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11

Jeremy, Russell-Smith. "Regeneration of monsoon rain forest in northern Australia: the sapling bank". Journal of Vegetation Science 7, nr 6 (grudzień 1996): 889–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3236464.

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12

VAN KLINKEN, RIEKS DEKKER, i G. H. WALTER. "Subtropical drosophilids in Australia can be characterized by adult distribution across vegetation type and by height above forest floor". Journal of Tropical Ecology 17, nr 5 (wrzesień 2001): 705–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467401001523.

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Understanding the pattern in which adult drosophilids of different species are distributed across and within different vegetation types is necessary for accurate interpretation of their local ecology and diversity. Such studies have been conducted mainly in temperate regions, and there is no basis for extrapolating their conclusions to tropical areas. This study describes the vertical distribution (0-20 m) of drosophilids attracted to banana baits in five different vegetation types in subtropical eastern Australia including open woodland, and rain-forest types. The distribution of most of the 15 common species could be characterized three-dimensionally by vegetation type and height above forest floor. Only one species, Scaptodrosophila lativittata, was common in all vegetation types and it was a canopy species in rain forests and a ground-level species in open woodland. Vertical distribution of some species clearly matched that of their larval hosts, but it did not in others. For example, the fungivore Leucophenga scutellata was mostly trapped well above the forest floor, yet it breeds at ground level, suggesting behavioural mode can influence vertical distributions. We conclude that the vertical dimension, although still poorly understood in relation to drosophilid habitats, needs to be taken into account when conducting and interpreting studies aimed at understanding drosophilid populations and communities in the subtropics.

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13

Basset, Yves. "Aggregation and synecology of arboreal arthropods associated with an overstorey rain forest tree in Australia". Journal of Tropical Ecology 8, nr 3 (sierpień 1992): 317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646740000660x.

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ABSTRACTThe cohesion of the arthropod community associated with the rain forest tree Argyrodendron actinophyllum was studied in a warm subtropical rain forest in Australia. The distribution of most arthropods was contagious on the foliage of A. actinophyllum. Chewers and phloem-feeders were more clumped than epiphyte grazers and parasitoids. Arthropod predator-prey ratios were high and relatively constant over time, as revealed by measures of their activity. However, similar ratios in abundance and species-richness of arthropods foraging on foliage showed high variability in space and no consistent trends. Species associations on the foliage were difficult to predict and did not constitute either a single, well-united community or well-delimited subcommunitics. Most of the data suggest that on the foliage of A. actinophyllum, the cohesion of the arthropod community is not extremely strong. Apart from methodological constraints, possible reasons for this include the influence of host-tree phenology, and the high arthropod-diversity of the rain forest environment.

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14

Bowman, DMJS, i L. Mcdonough. "Feral Pig (Sus Scrofa) Rooting in a Monsoon Forest-Wetland Transition, Northern Australia." Wildlife Research 18, nr 6 (1991): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9910761.

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A grid of 447 cells (each 50x50 m) was set up in a wet monsoon rain forest on a gradual slope above the Adelaide River floodplain in the Australian Northern Territory. Surveys of pig (Sus scrofa) rooting were carried out at approximately 3-month intervals from November 1988 to September 1989. The pigs had only limited effects on the forest in both the wet and dry seasons. The seasonally flooded swamp communities (Melaleuca forest and sedgeland) were primarily exploited in the dry season; dryland communities ([Eucalyptus] and Lophostemon forests) were exploited during the wet season. Rainfall during the previous wet season may have influenced the pattern of rooting in the dryland forests. Rooting and ground cover were weakly positively related in 3 out of the 4 surveys.

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15

Russell-Smith, Jeremy, i Andy H. Lee. "Plant Populations and Monsoon Rain Forest in the Northern Territory, Australia". Biotropica 24, nr 4 (grudzień 1992): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2389010.

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16

Russell-Smith, Jeremy, i Diane E. Lucas. "Regeneration of monsoon rain forest in northern Australia: the dormant seed bank". Journal of Vegetation Science 5, nr 2 (kwiecień 1994): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3236148.

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17

Schmid, Rudolf. "Fruits of the Rain Forest: A Guide to Fruits in Australian Tropical Rain Forests". Taxon 44, nr 4 (listopad 1995): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1223525.

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18

Herbohn, John L., i Robert A. Congdon. "Ecosystem dynamics at disturbed and undisturbed sites in north Queensland wet tropical rain forest. II. Litterfall". Journal of Tropical Ecology 9, nr 3 (sierpień 1993): 365–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400007422.

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ABSTRACTRates of litterfall over a period of 3 y at one undisturbed site and two sites disturbed by selective harvesting are reported for a tropical rain forest area in North Queensland, Australia. Litterfall over a period of 18 months is also reported for a further undisturbed site in the same area. No significant differences were found in annual litterfall between the sites, with annual litterfall rates ranging from 5.0 to 6.0 t ha−1 y−1. These rates are considerably lower than those reported for other rain forest areas in Australia, and are within the lower ranges recorded for other tropical rain forests. Litterfall was found to be strongly seasonal at all sites with the maximum falls occurring from the end of the dry season to the end of the wet season. The between year variability of the sites was quite low, with the ratio of maximum to minimum production ranging from 1.05 to 1.20. The average percentages of leaves, wood and reproductive material in litterfall were similar at each site. Leaves were the dominant component of litterfall with the average proportion of the total litterfall ranging from 72% to 76% over the study period at each of the four sites. At certain times, however, the fall of wood and reproductive material was quite significant, comprising as much as 71% and 34% of litterfall respectively. A strong negative correlation was found between the fall of leaves and wood at all sites.

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19

Franklin, Donald C., Peter S. Brocklehurst, Dominique Lynch i David M. J. S. Bowman. "Niche differentiation and regeneration in the seasonally flooded Melaleuca forests of northern Australia". Journal of Tropical Ecology 23, nr 4 (lipiec 2007): 457–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467407004130.

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Gallery and floodplain forests in monsoonal northern Australia are mostly sclerophyllous and dominated by five closely related species of Melaleuca (Myrtaceae) amongst which niche differentiation is unclear. We present a floristic and environmental analysis of ‘the flooded forest’ using data from 340 plots distributed across 450 000 km2 of the Top End of the Northern Territory. Melaleuca argentea was confined to streams and occurred on sandier substrates, whereas M. cajuputi mostly occurred in the near-coastal lowlands on clay soils. The greater basal area of M. cajuputi suggests an association with productive sites. Melaleuca dealbata, M. viridiflora and M. leucadendra occurred on a wide range of soils. More deeply floodprone sites were occupied by M. argentea and M. leucadendra along streams and by M. leucadendra and M. cajuputi on floodplains and in swamps. A general deficiency but occasional abundance of Melaleuca seedlings suggests that regeneration is episodic. Seedlings were more frequent in recently burnt areas and especially where fires had been severe. We propose that Melaleuca forests occur where disturbance by fire and/or floodwater is too great for rain forest to persist, rendering them the wetland analogue to the eucalypts that dominate well-drained portions of the north Australian environment.

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20

Russell-Smith, Jeremy. "Classification, species richness, and environmental relations of monsoon rain forest in northern Australia". Journal of Vegetation Science 2, nr 2 (kwiecień 1991): 259–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3235959.

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21

FALSTER, DANIEL S., i MARK WESTOBY. "Alternative height strategies among 45 dicot rain forest species from tropical Queensland, Australia". Journal of Ecology 93, nr 3 (czerwiec 2005): 521–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-0477.2005.00992.x.

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CARSTEN, L. D., F. A. JUOLA, T. D. MALE i S. CHERRY. "Host associations of lianas in a south-east Queensland rain forest". Journal of Tropical Ecology 18, nr 1 (styczeń 2002): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467402002067.

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Lianas are abundant in tropical forests around the world, yet little is known about their ecology. In this study we report the results of a survey of ten common liana species on 27 host tree species in Cooloola National Park, Queensland, Australia. We found significant associations between some liana and tree species. Our results indicate that host tree diameter was important in explaining liana presence or absence. Host tree fruit type was correlated with the presence or absence of different liana types. Tendrillar and root-climbing lianas tended to occur most often on mid-sized, fleshy-fruited trees, and on smaller, non-fleshy-fruited trees. The presence of stem twining lianas tended to decrease with increasing tree diameter for both fleshy- and non-fleshy-fruited trees, although this effect was more pronounced for fleshy-fruited trees. In general, lianas were most prevalent on trees possessing intermediate levels of bark roughness and flakiness. Although we established associative patterns between liana species and these host characteristics, the model suggested that other unidentified variables may also be important in determining presence or absence of liana species.

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23

Dennis, Andrew J. "Scatter-hoarding by musky rat-kangaroos, Hypsiprymnodon moschatus, a tropical rain-forest marsupial from Australia: implications for seed dispersal". Journal of Tropical Ecology 19, nr 6 (24.10.2003): 619–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467403006023.

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Tropical forests around the world contain animals that scatter-hoard fruits and seeds but few are known in Australian tropical forests. This study used both direct observation and spool-and-line tracking of simulated fruits to demonstrate that Australia's smallest kangaroos disperse large numbers of rain-forest fruits and seeds. They did so in two ways, either by scatter-hoarding or by carrying them away from the source to devour the flesh before dropping the seed on to the litter surface. The fruits used included a range of fruit types but particularly species with large fleshy fruit. Caches occurred as a single fruit pressed into the soil and covered with litter a mean distance of 17 m (±2.7 SE) and up to 68 m from the source. Musky rat-kangaroos handled up to 2700 fruits ha-1 mo-1 and they dispersed up to 900 fruits ha-1 mo-1 and cached up to 690 fruits ha-1 mo-1. This behaviour is a significant example of convergent evolution, which reflects similar behaviour found in agoutis, acouchies and squirrels on other continents.

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24

Russell-Smith, Jeremy, i Samantha A. Setterfield. "Monsoon rain forest seedling dynamics, northern Australia: contrasts with regeneration in eucalypt-dominated savannas". Journal of Biogeography 33, nr 9 (wrzesień 2006): 1597–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01527.x.

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Snow, Neil, B. P. M. Hyland, T. Whiffin, D. C. Christophel, B. Gray, R. W. Elick i A. J. Ford. "Australian Tropical Rain Forest Trees and Shrubs." Systematic Botany 24, nr 3 (lipiec 1999): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2419704.

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Jaffré, Tanguy, Frédéric Rigault i Jérôme Munzinger. "Identification and characterization of floristic groups in dry forests relicts of a West Coast region of New Caledonia". Pacific Conservation Biology 14, nr 2 (2008): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc080128.

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We describe the floristic composition of dry forest relicts on the west coast of New Caledonia. Using multivariate techniques, four floristic groups were defined from 71 floristic samples. The large proportion of species with rain forest affinities in all floristic groups shows similarities with the ?dry? rainforest of Australia. The two more open and disturbed groups have the highest proportion of species associated with dry areas, the strongest level of endemism and more ?most threatened? species. The two more closed groups have the highest proportion of rain forest species, but are slightly less original and have fewer threatened species. This raises the question of the exact relation of the dry forest still present in the study area to mesic forest, which has not yet been studied separately from dense humid forest in New Caledonia. The influence of the local micro-climatic conditions on the distribution of floristic groups appears critical. A good knowledge of these conditions is necessary for a sound delimitation of new protected areas, and for the implementation of protective and restorative measures appropriate to each vegetation category.

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27

Ippolito, Anthony, i Joseph E. Armstrong. "Floral Biology of Hornstedtia scottiana (Zingiberaceae) in a Lowland Rain Forest of Australia". Biotropica 25, nr 3 (wrzesień 1993): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2388786.

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Grimbacher, Peter S., i Nigel E. Stork. "Seasonality of a Diverse Beetle Assemblage Inhabiting Lowland Tropical Rain Forest in Australia". Biotropica 41, nr 3 (maj 2009): 328–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2008.00477.x.

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29

Melick, DR, i DH Ashton. "The Effects of Natural Disturbances on Warm Temperate Rain-Forests in South-Eastern Australia". Australian Journal of Botany 39, nr 1 (1991): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9910001.

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The effects of fire, flood and landslide disturbance on the floristics and structure of some warm temperate rainforests in East Gippsland were investigated from 1983 to 1989. Subcommunities within these forests were delineated by the numerical analyses of floristic data. In moister sites, relatively undisturbed rainforest is dominated by Acmena smithii in association with Acronychia oblongifolia and Rapanea howittiana together with numerous vines and ferns. The size-class distributions of the major tree species indicate that these forests are regenerating. In riparian habitats, Tristaniopsis laurina tends to dominate due to its greater flood resistance whereas Pittosporum undulatum becomes prominent in edaphically drier sites. Within burnt rainforest A. smithii and T. laurina have regenerated vegetatively but P. undulatum has been eliminated. In adjacent wet sclerophyll forest subsequent invasion by rainforest seedlings has occurred. In gorges, landslides may cause disturbance to various degrees and subsequent colonisation is dependent upon both the site and the matrix of the material transposed. The status of the various subcommunities is discussed in terms of the environmental gradients present, the modes of regeneration and the types of primary and secondary successions initiated by the disturbances.

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Woinarski, JCZ, i A. Fisher. "Wildlife of Lancewood (Acacia Shirleyi) Thickets and Woodlands in Northern Australia. 2. Comparisons With Other Environments of the Region (Acacia Woodlands, Eucalyptus Savanna Woodlands and Monsoon Rainforests)." Wildlife Research 22, nr 4 (1995): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9950413.

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Embedded in the extensive Eucalyptus open forests and savanna woodlands that dominate the northern Australian landscape are patches of monsoon rain forest and Acacia thickets and woodlands. In this paper, the vertebrate species composition of patches of lancewood (Acacia shirleyi) thickets and woodlands of the Northern Territory was compared with that of other environments of this region: pindan woodlands (A. eriopoda and A. tumida), gidgee woodlands (A. georginae), patches of monsoon rain forests and the extensive Eucalyptus open forests and woodlands. The vertebrate fauna of lancewood thickets is distinct for that of Eucalyptus open forests, and has fewer species. Differences in species composition and richness are associated with substantial differences in resource availability, with lancewood thickets having far less grass cover (and hence relatively few granivorous birds and rodents, but more ground-feeding insectivorous and omnivorous birds), fewer nectar-bearing flowers (and hence fewer nectarivorous birds) and lower structural and floristic diversity than Eucalyptus forests. There was little difference in species richness or total abundance between the three types of Acacia woodlands sampled. Lancewood thickets had fewer species than monsoon rain forests to coastal dry monsoon rain forests to inland dry monsoon rain forests to lancewood thickets to pindan woodlands to gidgee woodlands, in accord with the pronounced rainfall gradient of this region and with canopy cover and height. Within this broad continuum the three Acacia woodlands were most closely grouped. Species turnover along this gradient consisted of substantial decrease or loss of some foraging groups (e.g. frugivorous birds) or replacement of species within broad foraging groups. The faunal relationship of the monsoon rain forests and Acacia communities provides some support for considering these fire-sensitive environments as fragments of a formerly extensive continuum. Three species (Pomatostomus temporalis, Struthidea cinerea and Melanodryas cucullata), all ground-foraging insectivorous or omnivorous birds, were significantly associated with lancewood in this region, but all three have extensive ranges beyond this area.

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Marullo, Rita, i Laurence A. Mound. "The Erythrothrips complex of tropical Aeolothripidae (Thysanoptera) with new taxa from Australia and South Africa". Insect Systematics & Evolution 24, nr 3 (1993): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631293x00118.

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AbstractThe New World genus Erythrothrips is redefined and a key to the species provided. A new genus and species, Erythridothrips cubilis, is described from Australian tropical rain-forest. The South African genus Audiothrips is withdrawn from synonymy with Erythrothrips and a new species, A. senckenbergiana, is described. The sole African species in the American genus Stomatothrips is transferred to the African genus Allelothrips. The relationships of these taxa are discussed, together with reasons for questioning the validity of the tribe Orothripini.

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Hoffmann, Benjamin D., Alan N. Andersen i Greg J. E. Hill. "Impact of an introduced ant on native rain forest invertebrates: Pheidole megacephala in monsoonal Australia". Oecologia 120, nr 4 (15.09.1999): 595–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00008824.

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Schmid, Rudolf, B. P. M. Hyland, T. Whiffin, D. C. Christophel i B. P. M. Hyland. "Australian Tropical Rain Forest Trees: An Interactive Identification System". Taxon 43, nr 1 (luty 1994): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1223485.

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LITTLE, JEREMY K., LYNDA D. PRIOR, GRANT J. WILLIAMSON, STEPHEN E. WILLIAMS i DAVID M. J. S. BOWMAN. "Fire weather risk differs across rain forest-savanna boundaries in the humid tropics of north-eastern Australia". Austral Ecology 37, nr 8 (23.02.2012): 915–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2011.02350.x.

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Hegarty, Elwyn E. "Leaf litter production by lianes and trees in a sub-tropical Australian rain forest". Journal of Tropical Ecology 7, nr 2 (maj 1991): 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400005356.

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ABSTRACTLeaf litter production by lianes (=lianas) and trees was compared in an evergreen rain forest in subtropical Australia. Several successional stages were represented at the main site. Lianes contributed 2.2% of total basal area (69.6 m2 ha-1) of this site, but 24% of leaf litterfall (5.9–6.5 tha-1 y-2 over two years. Minor year-to-year variation in litterfall was attributed to incidence of severe storms, and drought. Lianes were responsible for about 17% of leaf litterfall in spring, 21% in the summerpeak, and 40% in autumn, more lianes than trees being deciduous. Leaf litter production by 23 individual species of liane, in relation to their basal area within the main site, was, on average, 15 times as great as that by 34 tree species, but declined more steeply between the species-groups of early and later succession. Tendrillar lianes, unlike twiners and scramblers, were confined to the ‘early’ successional group, and their foliage was spread across canopy surfaces, maximizing light interception. It was concluded that this contributed to greater production of leaf litter, per unit basal area, by tendrillar than by other climbers, and to the successional decline in leaf litterfall from lianes.

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Pfeiffer, Martin, Jamili Nais i K. Eduard Linsenmair. "Myrmecochory in the Zingiberaceae: seed removal of Globba franciscii and G. propinqua by ants (Hymenoptera – Formicidae) in rain forests on Borneo". Journal of Tropical Ecology 20, nr 6 (14.10.2004): 705–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467404001695.

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The Old-World tropics encompass one of the floristically richest zones of the world and some of the hot spots of ant diversity. This results in a large variety of ecological interactions between both groups. One of them is the phenomenon of myrmecochory, seed dispersal by ants, which is also well known from temperate forests (Gorb & Gorb 2003, Ulbrich 1919), and which is most prominent in sclerophyll shrublands of Australia and southern Africa (Andersen 1988). Beattie (1983), who reviewed the distribution of ant-dispersed plants (at least 80 plant families worldwide) proposed that species richness and abundance of myrmecochores and diaspore-dispersing ants increases with decreasing latitude and thus predicted a greater variety of ant-dispersal systems in the tropics. However, up to now, few tropical myrmecochores have been described (Horvitz 1981, Horvitz & Schemske 1986), especially in the palaeotropics (Kaufmann et al. 2001). Here we report myrmecochory in two species of rain-forest herb of the Zingiberaceae, give the first evidence for seed dispersal by ants in this plant family and present a list of seed-dispersing ant species. An important benefit of myrmecochory is the dispersal distance of the ant-transported seeds (Andersen 1988), that has been found to be positively correlated with ant size (Gomez & Espadaler 1998a, Pudlo et al. 1980). In this study, we checked whether this correlation is also true for the conditions of the tropical rain forest, where Globba plants occur.

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Frey, Wolfgang, i Friederike Schaumann. "Records of rare southern South American bryophytes: Studies in austral temperate rain forest bryophytes 18". Nova Hedwigia 74, nr 3-4 (1.05.2002): 533–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2002/0074-0533.

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Reynolds, Don R., i Gregory S. Gilbert. "Epifoliar fungi from Queensland, Australia". Australian Systematic Botany 18, nr 3 (2005): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb04030.

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Collections of epifoliar ascomycete fungi from leaf surfaces in the tropical rain forests of Queensland, Australia, yielded 42 genera and 50 species, including one new genus (Dubujiana), three new species (Dennisiela asetosa, Dubujiana glandulifera, Microxiphium pleomorphum), three new combinations (Polychaeton purpuraefaciens, Seuratia australiensis, Stomiopeltis gautheriae), lectotypification of Micropeltis biseptata, various emended descriptions, and new species records. Each species is described and compared with similar taxa, and the new species are illustrated.

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Weber, Lui C., Jeremy VanDerWal, Susanne Schmidt, William J. F. McDonald i Luke P. Shoo. "Patterns of rain forest plant endemism in subtropical Australia relate to stable mesic refugia and species dispersal limitations". Journal of Biogeography 41, nr 2 (11.12.2013): 222–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12219.

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LAURANCE, WILLIAM F. "Ecological Correlates of Extinction Proneness in Australian Tropical Rain Forest Mammals". Conservation Biology 5, nr 1 (marzec 1991): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1991.tb00390.x.

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Theimer, Tad C. "Intraspecific variation in seed size affects scatterhoarding behaviour of an Australian tropical rain-forest rodent". Journal of Tropical Ecology 19, nr 1 (styczeń 2003): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467403003110.

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Vertebrate seed dispersers could impact the evolution of seed size or alter the pattern of seedling recruitment if they responded differently to seeds of varying size (Jordano 1995). For example, models of seed caching by birds and mammals predict that seeds of higher nutritive value should be placed farther from parent trees and in lower densities than lower quality seeds (Clarkson et al. 1986, Stapanian & Smith 1978, Tamura et al. 1999). Comparisons of seed removal rates among tropical tree species in South-East Asia (Blate et al. 1998) and Australia (Osunkoya 1994) failed to show a relationship between seed size and removal rate, although the probability that a seed was scatterhoarded by agoutis (Dasyprocta punctata) in a neotropical rain forest increased with interspecific seed size (Forget et al. 1998).

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Shapcott, Alison, Billy Bau i Michael Powell. "Fragmentation and Genetic Diversity inRomnalda(Dasypogonaceae), a Rare Rain forest Herbaceous Genus from New Guinea and Australia". Biotropica 41, nr 1 (styczeń 2009): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2008.00450.x.

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Rowley, Jodi J. L., Ross A. Alford i Lee F. Skerratt. "The Amphibian Chytrid Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Occurs on Freshwater Shrimp in Rain Forest Streams in Northern Queensland, Australia". EcoHealth 3, nr 1 (4.01.2006): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10393-005-0005-5.

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Castilhos de Freitas, Thales, Gustavo Crizel Gomes, Artur Ramos Molina, Ernestino de Souza Gomes Guarino, Cristiano Agra Iserhard i Rafael Beltrame. "Artificial perches increase bird-mediated seed rain in agricultural fallow area in southern Brazil". Web Ecology 22, nr 2 (7.11.2022): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-22-59-2022.

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Abstract. One of the main barriers to restoration is the arrival of diaspores in degraded areas. However, this process can be hampered in open areas without trees in the landscape. For that, artificial perches are used to attract and provide a landing area for avian seed dispersers, to enhance seed rain. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of the distance of artificial perches in relation to a forest fragment on the diversity and composition of seed rain in an agricultural fallow area, including alien invasive plant species. We also aimed to record and characterize the bird species that potentially act as seed dispersers. Thus, we used artificial perches at three different distances from a forest fragment (5, 25, and 50 m). Four seed traps were arranged under the perches at each distance, and four control seed traps were interspersed with these and distanced at 7.5 m. Furthermore, we placed four seed traps inside the forest fragment at 5 m from the edge. We also carried out 80 h of focal observation of the avifauna that used artificial perches. A total of 24 655 seeds were sampled across all treatments. There was a significant difference in seed abundance and richness between artificial perches, control seed traps, and forest seed traps. Seed deposition increased with distance from the forest fragment (50, 25, and 5 m). An ordination procedure indicated the formation of three plant seed communities, with the forest community being most distinct. The invasive exotic species Pittosporum undulatum (Australian cheesewood) was the third most abundant in the seed rain. We observed 24 bird species from 12 families using artificial perches. The Tyrannidae family was the most represented. We showed that artificial perches are efficient structures for attracting birds, increasing the richness and abundance of seed species. Artificial perches at 25 and 50 m were more efficient possibly due to the provision of greater visibility for birds. Therefore, artificial perches are efficient in increasing seed rain in the fallow area but should be used with caution in landscapes with the presence of alien species. These findings contribute to increasing knowledge about overcoming the first barrier to ecological restoration, which is the arrival of diaspores in degraded areas, and showing the importance of birds in this process.

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Basset, Y. "The Taxonomic Composition of the Arthropod Fauna Associated With an Australian Rain-Forest Tree". Australian Journal of Zoology 39, nr 2 (1991): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9910171.

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The composition of the arthropod fauna foraging within the canopy of Argyrodendron actinophyllum Edlin (Sterculiaceae) in a subtropical rainforest near Brisbane, Australia, was investigated during a 2-year field study. Collecting methods included flight interception traps, restricted canopy fogging, and hand-collecting. Over 50 000 canopy arthropods were collected and about 760 species sorted, from which 660 were identified at least to the generic level by taxonomists. The arthropod fauna of A. actinophyllum is characterised by the abundance of Clubionidae, Theridiidae, Psylloidea, Phlaeothripidae, Chrysomelidae, Corylophidae, Curculionidae and Braconidae, and by the scarcity of Empididae, Symphyta, Ichneumonidae and Formicidae. The major determinants of the composition of the arboreal fauna are discussed, including biogeographical and historical constraints, rainforest mesoclimate and host phenology, host architecture and biochemistry, and intrinsic composition of the foliicolous fauna. The faunistic composition of this subtropical rainforest tree species exhibits several features common to both temperate trees (such as the high numbers of homopterans and spiders and the limited populations of arboreal ants) and tropical rainforest trees (such as the large beetle populations and the high orthopteran biomass).

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Goosem, Miriam, Claudia Paz, Rod Fensham, Noel Preece, Stephen Goosem i Susan G. W. Laurance. "Forest age and isolation affect the rate of recovery of plant species diversity and community composition in secondary rain forests in tropical Australia". Journal of Vegetation Science 27, nr 3 (25.01.2016): 504–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12376.

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Harris, S., N. Tapper, D. Packham, B. Orlove i N. Nicholls. "The relationship between the monsoonal summer rain and dry-season fire activity of northern Australia". International Journal of Wildland Fire 17, nr 5 (2008): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf06160.

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Fire is an essential element of the northern Australian ecosystems with extensive areas burnt each year. The basic climate condition of high rainfall during the summer monsoon, followed by an extended warm dry winter, along with highly combustible vegetation (much of which grows rapidly during summer and senesces during winter), creates a highly flammable environment. These vegetation conditions change under various naturally occurring climate oscillations such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The present paper investigates the link between burnt areas of northern Australia, rainfall, the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and sea surface temperatures (SST) for a 9-year period (1997–2005). The burnt area distribution is compared with the strength and timing of the monthly averaged rainfall, SOI and SST. Results indicate a strong relationship between antecedent rainfall and ENSO indices with area burnt. This is especially strong between the burnt areas of June–October and the preceding rainfall of November–March (r = 0.90), the SOI of November–February (r = 0.78) and the SST of June–August (r = –0.64). The results from the present study reveal the ability to forecast annual burnt areas and present some of the dynamics of the climate–fire interactions and their value for management systems.

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Frith, Dawn, i Clifford Frith. "Seasonality of Litter Invertebrate Populations in an Australian Upland Tropical Rain Forest". Biotropica 22, nr 2 (czerwiec 1990): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2388411.

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Yap, Jia‐Yee S., Marlien Merwe, Andrew J. Ford, Robert J. Henry i Maurizio Rossetto. "Biotic exchange leaves detectable genomic patterns in the Australian rain forest flora". Biotropica 52, nr 4 (29.03.2020): 627–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/btp.12776.

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Meißner, Kathrin, Jan-Peter Frahm, Michael Stech i Wolfgang Frey. "Molecular divergence patterns and infrageneric relationship of Monoclea (Monocleales, Hepaticae). Studies in austral temperate rain forest bryophytes". Nova Hedwigia 67, nr 3-4 (9.12.1998): 289–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/nova.hedwigia/67/1998/289.

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