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1
Karaoğlu, Semiha. "Railroads of the Glorious Empires in the late 19th Century: From the Great Game to the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-5". GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES ON JAPAN, nr 4 (31.03.2021): 65–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.62231/gp4.160001a03.
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Railroads have been an inevitable part of countries’ expansionist and imperialist policies throughout history. Easing commodity distribution as well as human mobility, railroads also provided the transfer of knowledge and became a means of intelligence sharing. In this view, one can plausibly observe that nations are inclined to allocate budgets for railroad construction in order to extend their power. Moreover, they also followed expansionist policies by constructing ‘transitive’ railroads, connecting extensive regions, or even continents. Hence, investigating railroads sheds light on world history, for it enables one to comprehend the ultimate motives countries had before embarking upon such endeavors. The present research, therefore, analyzes railroad construction, focusing on the nineteenth century. It commences by introducing a brief history of the railroad construction around the globe. Then, it moves on to the Great Game theory and analyzes how the rivalry between the British and Russian Empires increased the speed of constructions with imperialist and expansionist policies behind them. This research also elucidates what impacts railroads built by the Russian Empire had on the Empire of Japan, and how it led to the escalation of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-5. Moreover, it focuses on the conflicts taking place between the Russian Empire and the United States, in connection to their impacts on the British Empire. In conclusion, the paper demonstrates a trend of how railroads shaped world history, taking into account the example of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-5.
2
Trofimov, Alexander, Albina Kuzmenko, Halyna Nesterenko, Svitlana Avramenko, Mykhailo Muzykin, Nikolaj Mormul i Anatoliy Sokhatsky. "Non-destructive control data analysis of railroad foundation constructions". MATEC Web of Conferences 294 (2019): 03012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929403012.
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The evaluation of the parameters of multi-layered foundations (railroad basis, foundations of railway structures, etc.) plays an important role in ensuring the safe movement of trains. The method of estimating the mechanical and geometric parameters of such foundations based on the solutions of inverse problems for multi-layered elastic packets is proposed. As input data for such problems the measured displacements of certain points on the package surface are used. The method allows estimating the parameters of the a priori distribution of unknown variable parameters, identifying and excluding outliers of the measured data from the created model, and constructing a posteriori estimation of the unknown parameters probability density with acceptable resolution. Proposed method can be used to create a new generation of equipment intended for non-destructive monitoring and estimating of the condition of the railroad basis and the foundations of artificial structures. The appropriate software of such vehicles based on the developed methods of data processing can be developed. The use of such equipment allows to operatively analyzing the state of individual areas of the railroad to decide on the need of repairing or replacing the railroad base or foundation of other elements of railroad infrastructure.
3
Chyzhov, Sergey, Yekaterina Shestakova, Elbek Yakhshiyev i Anatoliy Antonyuk. "Design principles of prestressed concrete span coponents in the process of despersed reinforcement". Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University, nr 2 (20.06.2017): 343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2017-2-343-353.
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Objective: To determine the calculating justification methods of fibre-reinforced spans and scientific evidence of the structural method of dispersed reinforced concrete constructions in drily-hot climate for high-speed mainline railroads, to reveal advantages connected with fibre application in the process of construction, to determine the ways of total costs reduction while providing qualitative reliability characteristics of spans under construction. Methods: Comparative analysis, mathematical modeling. Results: Calculating principles of fibre-reinforced elements of spans were specified. The study was aimed at application solving, with regard to climate in Uzbekistan, and determined the parameters of Lр = 66 m fibre-reinforced concrete span, specified by the objective of scientific study concerning the bridgework for high-speed mainline railroad. Practical importance: Methodological foundation for fibre-reinforced concrete spans calculation was developed.
4
Fransoo, Jan C., i J. Will M. Bertrand. "An aggregate capacity estimation model for the evaluation of railroad passing constructions". Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 34, nr 1 (styczeń 2000): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0965-8564(98)00066-4.
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Keefer, Philip. "Protection Against a Capricious State: French Investment and Spanish Railroads, 1845–1875". Journal of Economic History 56, nr 1 (marzec 1996): 170–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700016065.
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Infrastructure construction is often associated with excessive, even corrupt, profits. This article argues that construction profits earned in Spanish railroads in the mid-nineteenth century were a response to the lack of credibility of the Spanish state. It also makes the first attempt to document excess construction profits in Spanish railroads by demonstrating, for example, financial links between railroad stockholders and the providers of construction goods and services and by directly estimating construction profits. The estimated excess construction profits only provided railroad entrepreneurs with a normal rate of return to their entire railroad-related investments.
6
Moskvitin, G. V., i S. G. Lebedinskii. "Effect of overloads on fatigue crack propagation within molded parts of railroad constructions". Journal of Machinery Manufacture and Reliability 39, nr 5 (październik 2010): 497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1052618810050158.
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Mekhmonov, Mashkhurbek, Shukhratjon Makhamadjonov i Akmal Uralov. "Efficiency of reinforcement of transition sections on the railroad by the developed constructions". E3S Web of Conferences 508 (2024): 08017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202450808017.
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The article gives the reasons of occurrence and origin of defects of railroad track structure elements on approaches to bridges. The defects arising on sleepers and intermediate fasteners of the track structure and the costs obtained as a result of early replacement of the track structure elements on the transition sections are calculated. As a result of the received constructive decision the technological process of driving of reinforced concrete piles in an embankment for the purpose of maintenance of safe and reliable work of sleepers and intermediate fastenings during service life in 3 m on a transition section is developed. As a result of implementation of the developed design in 1384 transition sections, the economic efficiency amounted to 447.638 million sums. As a result of reinforcement of the transition section, the cost of current and lifting repair of the track is reduced.
8
Hrechko, V. F., i O. V. Hrechko. "EXPERIENCE OF STRENGTHENING BASES OF EMERGENCY BRIDGE". Science and Transport Progress, nr 32 (25.05.2010): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2010/13166.
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The creation of the cascade of hydroelectric power stations in Dnepr-river channel was accompanied by creation of artificial water basins. Change of hydro-geological conditions has resulted in flooding of adjoining territories and necessity of maintenance of the operational suitability of buildings and constructions located on them. The results of works on restoration of automobile overbridge above railroad tracks with intensive movement of trains in the city of Nikopollocated on the coast ofKakhovskoewater basin are presented. During operation more than 40 years, the inadmissible deformations in the above-ground overbridge constructions, caused by non-uniform settlements of foundations of supports, have taken place. The non-uniformity of foundations settlements has achieved600 mm.The foundations settlements were due to the changes of physical-and-mechanical characteristics of loessial soil of foundation owing to heaving of the underground water level.
9
Smyrnov, Vladimir, Anastasia Dyayenko i Leonid Dyachenko. "The peculiarities of constructing bridges at high-speed mainline railroads". Bulletin of scientific research results, nr 3 (17.10.2017): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2223-9987-2017-3-69-81.
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Objective: To analyze calculation and construction peculiarities of bridgework at high-speed networks (VSM). Methods: Mathematical simulation, as well as numerical and analytical methods of structural engineering was applied. Results: The main peculiarities of bridge construction at high-speed networks (VSM) were analyzed in the given study. It was proved that artificial constructions at VSM operate in the conditions which differ considerably from the conditions at common railroad lines. The former include the need in continuous welded rail design along the whole length of a bridge, requirement for high stiffness of a structure; consideration of aerodynamic influence of a rolling stock, moving with high speed, on structures, consideration of “train-bridge” system’s elements interaction in order to identify resonant modes of train operation, which result in increased dynamic impact on a bridge, railway vehicles, etc. Calculation results of a “bridge- continuous welded rail” system interaction under temperature and train influence for specific types of bridgeworks multi-span beam discontinuous and continuous elevated structures were presented in the article. The influence of length, flow diagram and longitudinal stiffness of intermediate structures on force value, occurring in the rails of a rolling stock was stated. Practical importance: The description of some peculiarities of train operation at VSM bridges, which are to be considered during design engineering, were presented as well as certain measures, providing operation security and comfort of train passengers, were suggested.
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Loktev, A. A., V. V. Korolev, D. A. Loktev, D. R. Shukyurov, P. A. Gelyukh i I. V. Shishkina. "Perspective constructions of bridge overpasses on transport main lines". Vestnik of the Railway Research Institute 77, nr 6 (30.12.2018): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2018-77-6-331-336.
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Abstract. When designing bridges on motorways and railways, conventional beam or trussed design schemes of structures made of steel or reinforced concrete are used, but at present there is a significant increase in the speeds of motion of individual vehicles, axial loads and total train weight increase, and temporary intervals between trains. These factors lead to a significant increase in dynamic effects and necessitate the use of non-classical design schemes for artificial structures of transport infrastructure. In this study, it is proposed to take a threespan arch bridge with suspended central span structure as the basis for unified bridge overpass. Such an arrangement will allow changing the design length of the central span in a fairly wide range, reducing the total number of supports with an increase in the total length of the bridge overpass, and using a similar design as a double-track railroad, two- or four-lane motorway bridge. Calculations carried out and the results obtained for calculating displacements, internal forces and stresses in the units and elements of the proposed bridge overpass design allow concluding about the allowable limit values of the values found, sufficiently uniform load of all its main elements, the absence of strongly marked large-scale stress concentrators. Proposed design allows setting different sizes of spans during the design, reducing the number or even avoiding the installation of channel supports, adapting this structure for the passage of both rail and road transport. Design of the bridge, mathematical model of which is described in detail in the article, can be manufactured at the factory, and then delivered to the installation site and mounted there, which significantly reduces the final construction cost and makes it a profitable solution, for example, for arranging railway interchanges at different levels.
11
Mildenberger, Florian. "Mertvaya Doroga – a railroad as the backbone of Soviet defence in the Arctic, 1943–54". Polar Record 37, nr 200 (styczeń 2001): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400026747.
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AbstractDuring World War II, the threat of a German invasion along the north coast of Siberia led to the Soviet High Command developing a plan to build a railroad through the Urals to the port of Salekhard and beyond. Following the War, these plans were reworked to defend against the threat of American aggression. The ‘Mertvaya Doroga’ or great Stalin railroad or polarmagistral was intended to run from Chum, a small station on the Vorkuta railway, through the northern Urals to Salekhard and from there through Nadym to Igarka and Noril'sk. A second railway was to go from Vorkuta to the port of Amderma, while a third included a great net of railroads around Arkhangel'sk. Slave labour was used to construct these railroads, but despite massive programmes run by the Soviet secret police, the railroads were never completed or efficiently constructed. The death of Stalin in 1953 signaled the end of the construction of the Arctic railroads.
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Ablyalimov, O. "To the effectiveness of using of UzTE16M3 diesel locomotives on a hilly section of railroad". E3S Web of Conferences 515 (2024): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451502005.
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A program algorithm and a method for producing (performing) traction calculations are proposed, based on geometric constructions of changes in the speed and time of train movement along the track, relying on the specific resultant forces of the train in the travel track of rolling stock. Calculations of the kinematic parameters of the movement of a freight train on a virtual hilly section of the railway were carried out using a graphic-analytical method when moving with stops and without stops at the intermediate and final stations. The values of the energy efficiency indicators of UzTE16M3 diesel locomotives when driving a freight train with a minimum train weight in quantitative and monetary terms are substantiated. The numerical results of the research are obtained in the form of tabular data, which specialists of the locomotive complex can use when analyzing and assessing the efficiency of the transportation work of UzTE16M3 diesel locomotives under real operating conditions.
13
Sumandiyar, Adi. "The Impact of Railroad Construction on Community Social Behavior in Marusu District, Maros Regency". Jurnal Multidisiplin Madani 4, nr 1 (30.01.2024): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/mudima.v4i1.7687.
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The goal of this research is to understand more about how railroad construction affects the social marginalization of individuals in Marusu District, Maros Regency. It used descriptive qualitative research and a case study approach to gather and analyze data on the engagement of all stakeholders in railroad development in Maros Regency. The results showed that the construction of railroads had a good impact on the social behavior of the community, as shown by a shift toward better development and support for government policies. Furthermore, the local population anticipates that the railroad will make their area significantly more advanced, as well as have a favorable impact on social conduct The transition of the local community from an agrarian to a modernist social existence
14
Kammer, Sean M. "Railroad Land Grants in an Incongruous Legal System: Corporate Subsidies, Bureaucratic Governance, and Legal Conflict in the United States, 1850–1903". Law and History Review 35, nr 2 (13.03.2017): 391–432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248017000049.
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Near the end of the nineteenth century, English scholar James Bryce criticized Western railroad land grants as “often improvident” and as giving “rise to endless lobbying and intrigue, first to secure them, then to keep them from being declared forfeited in respect of some breach of the conditions imposed by Congress on the company.” Bryce also observed the extent to which grants of land to railroads allowed the beneficiary companies to exercise great power not only through their role as carriers of people and commerce, but also through their role as large landowners. This, he noted, brought them “yet another source of wealth and power” and “brought them into intimate and often perilously delicate relations with leading politicians.” From the perspective of the so-called “railroad tycoons” and their financial backers, the land grants became sources of wealth and power independent of and sometimes contrary to the interests of the railroad corporations themselves as carriers. Whereas Congress intended the railroad land grants to serve as a means to the end of railroad construction and the settlement of the federal government's expansive public domain, the railroads came to see them as an end in themselves: as independent sources of wealth and power.
15
Kim, Dae Sang, i Ungjin Kim. "Analysis of the Deformation Characteristics of Vertically Reinforced Subgrades to Address Land Shortage in Railroad Construction". Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 21, nr 3 (30.06.2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2021.21.3.1.
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Vertically reinforced subgrade (VRS) the construction of which involves building backfills first and then facing walls was developed for the railroad construction in areas with land shortages, such as civil areas. VRS minimizes the land use during railroad construction and operation. It also reduces residual settlement during railway operation by virtue of its staged construction process. In this study, numerical analysis was performed to quantitatively evaluate the deformation characteristics of VRS, such as surface settlement and horizontal deformation, during the construction and operation of railroads. It was confirmed that VRS with 40 cm of vertical spacing and a reinforcement short length of 0.35H complies with the limit of residual settlement (30 mm) and horizontal deformation (less than 0.03H) for concrete slab tracks, even in the most unfavorable conditions.
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Schweitzer, Peter, i Olga Povoroznyuk. "Introduction". Transfers 10, nr 2-3 (1.12.2020): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2020.10020311.
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This introduction attempts to situate railroads, which have rarely been the object of ethnographic attention, within current debates of anthropology and related disciplines. While mobility is certainly one dimension of human-railroad entanglements, the introduction calls to explore political, social, material, and affective lives of railroads in Europe and Asia as well. Often, connections provided by railroads are precarious at best: enveloped in state and local politics, they appear to some as promise and to others as menace. Planning, construction, decay, and reconstruction constitute the temporal and material life cycle of these infrastructures. Attending to particular ethnographic and historical contexts, the introduction aims to demonstrate how railroads, these potent symbols of modernity, continue to be good to think with.
17
Wahyudi Efendi, Aco, Yahya Do i Natriya Faisal Rachman. "Behavior of Rail Ballast Layer Using Mortar Foam with LISA-FEA". Journal of Railway Transportation and Technology 1, nr 2 (29.11.2022): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37367/jrtt.v1i2.8.
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In the development of railroads, geosynthetics can be introduced in or under the stabilizer layer or sub ballast, foam mortar has become one of the trends in the construction sector in replacing the foundation layer as an excellent alternative. The researcher conducted a comparative analysis on railroad ballast by using a substitute for conventional railroad ballast material, namely granular material using mortar foam, conducting research on the stresses that occur and the value of the decrease that occurs in ballast using mortar foam. From the results of the analysis of this study, it was found that there was an increase in the ability of ballast with mortar foam material compared to granular material, the decrease in stress that occurred and a decrease in the deformation value in railroad construction gave an option to use conventional ballast substitutes.
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Alvarez-Palau, Eduard J., Alfonso Díez-Minguela i Jordi Martí-Henneberg. "Railroad Integration and Uneven Development on the European Periphery, 1870–1910". Social Science History 45, nr 2 (2021): 261–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2021.1.
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AbstractThis study explores the relationship between railroad integration and regional development on the European periphery between 1870 and 1910, based on a regional data set including 291 spatial units. Railroad integration is proxied by railroad density, while per capita GDP is used as an indicator of economic development. The period under study is of particular relevance as it has been associated with the second wave of railroad construction in Europe and also coincides with the industrialization of most of the continent. Overall, we found that railroads had a significant and positive impact on the growth of per capita GDP across Europe. The magnitude of this relationship appears to be relatively modest, but the results obtained are robust with respect to a number of different specifications. From a geographical perspective, we found that railroads had a significantly greater influence on regions located in countries on the northern periphery of Europe than in other outlying areas. They also helped the economies of these areas to begin the process of catching up with the continent’s industrialized core. In contrast, the regions on the southern periphery showed lower levels of economic growth, with this exacerbating the preexisting divergence in economic development. The expansion of the railroad network in them was unable to homogenize the diffusion of economic development and tended to further benefit the regions that were already industrialized. In most of the cases, the capital effect was magnified, and this contributed to the consolidation of newly created nation-states.
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Kharisma, Ivana Lucia, Kamdan, Asep Rizki Firdaus, Rizki Haddi Prayoga, Fakhriyal Riyandi Yasin i Mutiara Annisa Tresna Ati. "Construction Of Railway Door Automation Prototypes Using Arduino, Servo Motors and Ultrasonic Sensors". Digital Zone: Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi 14, nr 1 (27.05.2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/digitalzone.v14i1.13584.
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The Indonesian railway system is currently experiencing a lot of developments in terms of technology. The Indonesian railway system has been integrated with technology 4.0, where all transaction processes, whether payment, ordering tickets or monitoring trains, can be monitored via electronic media. Of course, this technology must be supported by adequate infrastructure, one of which is the railroad crossing. In Indonesia, several railroad lines have been constructed, and many portal or crossbar railroads have also been constructed. The railroad gate is part of the railway system which has a very important role, especially in regulating the safety of train travel. The rail gateway has been a problem and a source of accidents in recent years. This is because there are no security facilities at any rail portals, causing drivers to continue to break traffic laws. The making of this automatic railroad doorstop uses the Prototype method, namely a simulation that uses Arduino UNO R3, servo motors, HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors and other components that can support the manufacture of this railroad doorstop prototype. The prototype of this automatic train doorstop is equipped with many sensors that works automatically according to what is ordered, so that its use can be easily controlled and implemented in real life. This automatic railroad crossing system is expected to optimize the task of the railroad crossing guard by providing automation for the process of opening and closing the railway door and providing additional warning information for the community around the railway door location so as to reduce the potential for accidents caused by drivers or people who break traffic laws.
20
Fuh, Yiin Kuen, i Wei Chi Huang. "A Numerical Study on Operation Modes of Mechanical Ventilation in Underground Tunnels and Comparisons with Full-Scale Experiments and Existing Fire Codes in Taiwan". Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (maj 2011): 3355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.3355.
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Due to land scarcity in greater Taipei area, continuously conversion from existing railroad to underground are performed to increase the land utility at different phases and span many years. In addition, integration issues between several transportation systems such as mass transit and high speed rail are also of great concerns. Fourth phase of Nangkang North Tunnel was completed and in full operation in September, 2008. During the construction period, fire codes in Taiwan for special constructions (e.g. ubnderground stations) are also going through various revisions while internationally, new regulations such as AS 4391 in Australia and NFPA130 in USA have been validated and updated. In order to verify the compliance of fire codes nationally and internationally, full scale experiments have been performed before opening to public service with emphasis on various operation modes of mechanical ventilation. This paper aims to numerically investigate and compare the effectiveness of CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) with experimental results. As a matter of fact, full scale experiments are implemented in fire codes in Taiwan for the structures which cannot fully comply with normal installation of fire equipments. While computational power and resources are improving tremendously in the past few years, we focus on the potentials to gain insightful information through numerical simulation and provide a repeatable reference for the engineers, designers and fire fighters as well as managerial levels in government before undertaking any full-scale experiment.
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Becker, Willyan Ronaldo, Elizabeth Giron Cima, Elder Elisandro Schemberger, Erivelto Mercante, Miguel Angel Uribe-Opazo, Jerry Adriani Johann i Eduardo Godoy de Souza. "Proposal of Railroad Expansion in the Paraná State Using Geotechnologies". Journal of Agricultural Studies 8, nr 2 (12.05.2020): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v8i2.16843.
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Railroad transportation system is considered a viable model in several aspects; however, its implementation is dependent on several decision factors, which include regional production viabilities, specific locations for railroad station construction, land slope, among others. This work aims to indicate the optimal location for new railroad stations and the best interconnection path among them in order to expand the railroad network of the Paraná State (Brazil) to regions that are not contemplated by this type of transportation. The layers used as information plans contemplated the geographic location of the regions with the highest representativeness in the agroindustrial production, associated with the demands and transportation of production and topographic relief. Was defined 1,390.802 km of new railroads, mainly in the Western and Southern Center regions of Paraná. This implantation generates a very significant importance for the municipalities since it increases the demand of revenues and generation of new currencies.
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Malykov, Oleg, i Oksana Pokrovskaya. "Rate-setting system analysis of railroad transport from a position of logistics and customer-oriented approach". Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University, nr 2 (20.06.2017): 187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2017-2-187-199.
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Objective: The study of railroad transport rate-setting system from a position of customer-oriented approach and logistics, particularly the development of specific practical proposals of freight delivery system optimization and the assessment of OJSC “Russian Railways” logistic (terminal stocking) activity indices. Methods: Analytical method was applied, as well as economical and mathematical tools of terminalistics, being a new school. Results: An attempt was made to review the existing railway freight delivery system. It was observed that it was unreasonable to exclude materials handling elements - logistical objects (LO) of different types, from a logistical chain as by means of the element in question the freight arrives at as well as leaves the railroad. If the focus is made only on operating indices of functioning and traffic section of a logistical chain, it artificially impoverishes the strongest functional of railway enterprises, leading to a simplistic approach of traffic process managing and does not contribute to freight flow transferring to railroads. A new system of indicators was suggested for economic justification and calculation of parameters LO and TS, which were missing before. All indices were adjusted to the existing system of economical and operational indices of storage yard and railroads functioning. The new system may be applied in logistical rating, as well as terminal and stocking infrastructure of OJSC “Russian Railroads”. It may be used for: 1) LO identification; 2) LO selection taking into account its functionality, dislocation, etc. ; 3) construction projects’ assessment and reconstruction of terminal and stocking railroads’ infrastructure facilities; 4) logistical functioning of OJSC “Russian Railroads” holding company; 5) LO construction; 6) railroad transport functioning forecasting and planning. Practical importance: The application of the originally developed system of indicators will allow OJSC “Russian Railroads” to effectively design, operate and plan the functioning of terminal and stocking infrastructure facilities. The effectiveness of the suggested TSS is in more rapid freight delivery to consumers, expenditure reduction in technical maintenance and ineffective railway sidings and section’s stations repair, shunting and exporting train locomotives release, as well as passing siding of a section’s station for more effective formation of exit routes, technical and station’s speed increase of line haul main directions through home-base station, due to a number of train operation paths release, occupied with demountable export trains’ operation.
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Schweitzer, Peter, i Olga Povoroznyuk. "Introduction". Transfers 10, nr 2-3 (1.12.2020): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2020.1002311.
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Abstract This introduction attempts to situate railroads, which have rarely been the object of ethnographic attention, within current debates of anthropology and related disciplines. While mobility is certainly one dimension of human-railroad entanglements, the introduction calls to explore political, social, material, and affective lives of railroads in Europe and Asia as well. Often, connections provided by railroads are precarious at best: enveloped in state and local politics, they appear to some as promise and to others as menace. Planning, construction, decay, and reconstruction constitute the temporal and material life cycle of these infrastructures. Attending to particular ethnographic and historical contexts, the introduction aims to demonstrate how railroads, these potent symbols of modernity, continue to be good to think with. The version of record is December 2020, though the actual publication date is May/June 202.
24
Kopper, Christopher. "Germany's National Socialist Transport Policy and the Claim of Modernity: Reality or Fake?" Journal of Transport History 34, nr 2 (grudzień 2013): 162–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/tjth.34.2.5.
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The construction of the extensive motorway network by the Nazi regime has often been seen as a textbook example of a thorough motorisation policy. But the motorway construction took place under a transport policy that favoured public railroads at the expense of private road haulage companies. A strict regulation of freight rates prevented road hauliers from competing with railroads and gaining a greater share of the freight market. The division of administrative and planning competencies between the motor-minded enthusiasts around Hitler's road builder Fritz Todt and the railroad lobby in the Ministry of Transport contributed to a contradictory motorisation policy. Not even the design of the German motorways was favourable to commercial road hauliers. The German Autobahn was built primarily for cars and ignored the needs of the trucking industry.
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Lindskoug, Henrik B. "Jorge Von Hauenschild". Collections: A Journal for Museum and Archives Professionals 8, nr 2 (czerwiec 2012): 127–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155019061200800204.
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The von Hauenschild collection was one of the founding collections of the Museo de Antropología, a university museum at the Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, located in Cordoba Capital, central Argentina. The collection is one of the largest at the museum with over 4000 objects from the nearby province of Santiago del Estero, a place almost unexamined by Argentinean archaeologists since the early works initiated by the Wagner brothers in the 1920s. Santiago has been seen as a marginal place in the national Argentinean history and perceived as an impoverished and remote place, but during part of the early 20th century, Santiago was thriving, especially at the time of the large railroad constructions in the country Santiago was also the home of the German-born engineer, Jorge von Hauenschild for 30 years. He formed the “von Hauenschild Collection” by excavating pre-historical tombs in the province in his quest for archaeological treasures. The collection has been almost untouched since the death of von Hauenschild in 1951. Research on the history of the collection shows the trajectory of von Hauenschild from a mere amateur to a professional archaeologist. Beginning as a collector of curious things, he transitioned into a modern archaeologist performing systematic archaeological investigations.
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Tsetsentsolmon, Baatarnaran, i Maria-Katharina Lang. "From Childhood Trains to Minecarts: Imaginaries and Realities of Railway in Mongolia". Acta Mongolica 21, nr 541 (2023): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/am.202301.04.
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This paper explores the historical and contemporary railroad constructions in Mongolia and socio-cultural transformation due to the infrastructural changes. In order to transport the minerals to markets in and above all outside Mongolia, especially China and Russia, states and private companies invest in rail and road transport (plans). When the first long distance railway was built as ‘a gift from Stalin’ between 1947 and 1949, herders who never had seen engine techniques, imagined the railway as a ‘metal snake’ (tomor) that drilled mountains and crossed rivers. Today many people have high hope of this infrastructural modernization and expect better economic development and quality of life as result of the railway expansion. Until now most of the planned new infrastructures such as “The Steppe Road” exist on paper and in the minds. In this research, we are investigating recently realized railway projects in Selenge province in northern Mongolia. The presentation of this infrastructure focuses on the social encounters of and the cultural impact on involved workers, herder families and the natural landscape (including spirit beings). Which economic, ecological and sociocultural changes go hand in hand with the development of the railway? The investigation, based on fieldwork in the years 2017–2019, includes studies on material and visual culture using primary and secondary sources.
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Vilke, Siniša, Livia Šantić i Matija Glad. "Redefining of the Rijeka Railway Junction". PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 23, nr 6 (21.02.2012): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v23i6.179.
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This paper presents and analyses the redefined Rijeka railway junction. The redefined concept of the Rijeka railroad hub in the context of port and railway interdependence dictates the need to find the accommodation of cargo transport to peripheral locations such as: Krasica, Kukuljanovo, Bakar, Ivani, Bršica and capacity for the island of Krk, while passenger transport would be implemented in the urban area. The most important projects related to Rijeka rail transport system are the construction of a new line of high efficiency between Zagreb and Rijeka, and a new railroad through the tunnel of Učka which will link the ports of Rijeka, Koper and Trieste. Together with the reconstruction of cargo stations Rijeka and Brajdica, an extension of the other tracks on the railroads Škrljevo-Rijeka and Rijeka-Opatija/Matulji should be performed as well as the construction of Krasica, Ivani, Tijani and Vrgljevo stations. The construction includes a multipurpose bridge to the Island of Krk and a railway line to the new container terminal as well as the new railway bypass to “elevation 200”. KEY WORDS: Rijeka railway junction, railway transport system, railway transport, Port of Rijeka
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Weiman, David F. "Urban Growth on the Periphery of the Antebellum Cotton Belt: Atlanta, 1847–1860". Journal of Economic History 48, nr 2 (czerwiec 1988): 259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700004885.
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Based on the mercantile model of urban growth, I analyze the formative development of Atlanta during the antebellum period. Located at the intersection of three railroads, Atlanta's early growth and economic structure reflected its nodal position in the transport system. Subsequent railroad construction, however, eroded its initial locational advantage, while creating the opportunity for its emergence as a regional metropolis. This transformation was delayed until after the Civil War because of the marginal political and economic position of Atlanta and the Upcountry region, as a whole, within the state.
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Petriaev, Andrei, i Vladimir Paramonov. "Mathematical modeling of the mechanical stabilization of the sub-tie base of railroad tracks in the arctic zone". E3S Web of Conferences 383 (2023): 01023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338301023.
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The practice of construction and operation of railroads in the Arctic zone shows that the greatest share of track deformations occurs in the summer period during the transition of soils of the subgrade from the frozen state to the thawed state. Wetting, freezing-thawing, and vibrodynamic effects of trains have the greatest influence on the properties of clay soils composing the railroad bed. A model of a sub-tie base stabilized by geosynthetic materials is given. The influence of geosynthetic material on redistribution of stresses during thawing and change of shear deformation character is shown.
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Glatolenkova, Ekaterina, i Konstantin Sergeevich Il'in. "Architectural environment of the Khabarovsk Children's Railway". Урбанистика, nr 4 (kwiecień 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2310-8673.2023.4.43586.
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The subject of the article is the peculiarities of the formation of the architectural environment of children's railroads in the Far East. The object of the study is a children's railroad in Khabarovsk, belonging to the Far Eastern railroads. On the material of historical documents, photographs and private archives its historical development, changes in the landscaping of the territory and filling of the environment, the current state of the surrounding buildings and the prospects for further development of the road are considered. The authors pay special attention to the study of recent innovations in landscaping and the current state of the park adjacent to the road, as well as analyze the road reconstruction projects under consideration by the city administration. The study of the experience of construction and operation of children's railroads in different Russian cities and popular foreign parks allowed to identify trends in their further development and transformation in modern conditions. The authors' contribution to the topic under consideration is the systematization of scattered information about the Khabarovsk branch of the children's railroad and the compilation of a scheme of its planned development, carried out for the first time. In the course of the work it is established that for more than half a century of history the surrounding landscape has changed significantly, its further successful functioning requires a cardinal revision of the route of the track. The application of the obtained results is possible in the process of designing a new direction of the road in the park territory of the nursery named after A. M. Lukashov.
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Fomin, O. V., A. O. Lovska, A. M. Fomina, L. O. Vasylieva i R. V. Sushchenko. "Load of a semi-car having the dismountable roof of composites". Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, nr 1 (28.02.2023): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2023-1/094.
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Purpose. Creation and substantiation of the measures for adopting the supporting structure of the multipurpose semi-car to carry cargoes that need weather protection. Methodology. For the adaptation of supporting constructions of semi-cars to carriage of cargoes that need weather protection, it was proposed to apply a removable roof manufactured from composites. As the application of a removable roof enlarges the volume of the container of the semi-car, the authors defined the load on its construction with the help of mathematical modeling. The authors see semi-car as a system which includes three components – a supporting construction having a roof with two carts. The Runge-Kutta method was used to calculate the main dynamic parameters of the semi-car. These defined dynamic parameters were accounted during calculation of the strength of the dismountable roof. Graphic spatial modeling of a semi-car with a dismountable roof was performed in the SolidWorks software kit. The calculation of solidity is implemented by the method of ultimate elements using the SolidWorks Simulation program kit. The original frequencies and forms of vibrations of the supporting construction of the semi-car are performed in this research. Findings. The outcomes of a mathematical model of the dynamic loading of the supporting construction of the semi-car having a dismountable roof set that the obtained dynamic parameters are not higher than the allowable values. The acceleration of the semi-car supporting construction in the gravity center made approximately 4.5 m/s2. The vertical dynamic ratio amounts to 0.53. The car motion is evaluated as “excellent”. It was found that when the vertical load acts on the dismountable roof, the maximum tension emerging inside is 173.2 MPa. When concentrated load affects the dismountable roof, the biggest tensions are focused on the zones of its attachment to the upper strapping of the casing, and makes 205.7 MPa. It can be seen from the modal analysis that the first original frequency of the semi-car casing is equal to 9.6 Hz, which is more than the allowable value – 8 Hz. Originality. Models for determining the loading of the supporting construction of the semi-car having a dismountable roof from composites within the general modes of loading operation are given in this study. Practical value. The study results allow expanding the applicability of semi-cars by adapting them to the carriage of cargoes, which need protection from weather effects and can increase the performance of railroad carriage.
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Blasenheim, Peter L. "Railroads in Nineteenth-century Minas Gerais". Journal of Latin American Studies 26, nr 2 (maj 1994): 347–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00016254.
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The growth of a transportation system in Minas Gerais, especially the construction of a rail network in the province's booming coffee region, the Zona da Mata (the Forest Zone) in the late Empire, is an important chapter in the state's history. A close look at railroads in the Mata and in Minas tells us much about politics and the power and influence of certain groups, particularly planters and planter-politicians. Conflicts over railroad concessions provoked much rivalry within the Mata, but all mineiros agreed that transportation was the most important issue of the day. Meanwhile, flumimnses and paulistas were more preoccupied with the labour crisis. Hindsight permits us to say that transportation is not the key to understanding the development of Minas, at least not to the extent that contemporaries thought it was. Ecological factors, labour conditions and the onset of the national overproduction crisis in 1896 had more to do with the rise and fall of coffee exports than did railroads. However, coffee planters from the wealthy Mata and other mineiros from the province's less prosperous regions always credited railroads with the good things that went with economic development.
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Andreyeva, Ludmila, Yevgeniy Svintsov i Yelena Tarasevich. "ON ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF BALLASTLESS TRACK STRUCTURE EFFICIENCY". Bulletin of scientific research results, nr 4 (17.12.2017): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2223-9987-2017-4-63-69.
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Objective: To describe the regulation of railroad traffic parameters in modern conditions, that lead to the necessity of putting into operation the new systems of track design, relevant for regulations in question. Methods: The method of matching, as well as the method of comparative analysis was applied in the study. Results: The advantages and disadvantages of ballastless track structure and conventional ballast track design were compared. The possibility of extensive application of ballastless track structure on modern railroads was analyzed. Practical importance: Ballastless track structure implementation will make it possible to solve practical tasks of using the given type of track design in transport construction.
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Drake, James D. "A Divide to Heal the Union". Pacific Historical Review 84, nr 4 (1.11.2015): 409–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2015.84.4.409.
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This article traces the process by which people in the United States embraced the Continental Divide as a geographic feature of North America in the late 1860s. Building on recent work in environmental history, Civil War memory, geography, and the history of nationalism, the essay explains how accurate mapping alone did not reveal the Continental Divide. Instead, the divide’s conceptualization also depended on Americans’ history of thinking about the Rockies as a political boundary, southern secession, and the building of the transcontinental railroad. Many Americans found in that railroad’s construction solace for a nation recovering from the Civil War, and they cast themselves as conquering nature to unite the nation. Railroad boosters and passengers consecrated the Continental Divide as a symbol of national unity and an icon of obstacles overcome. In a nation trying to overcome its sectional division between North and South, aspirations for reunification formed a foundation for emphasizing the continent’s most prominent feature that separates East and West.
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Lestari, Sachiko Mawaddah, i Muhammad Fauzan. "Analysis of the Implementation of the South Sumatra Transit Light Rail Slab Track". Jurnal Perkeretaapian Indonesia 1, nr 2 (20.11.2017): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37367/jpi.v1i2.42.
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Transportation has an important role in supporting economic growth, development and unifying the territory of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia, in order to improve transportation services in supporting development in South Sumatra Province, and supporting the implementation of the 2018 Asian Games, it is necessary to accelerate the implementation of Light Rail Transit in the province of South Sumatra. This is related to the Republic of Indonesia's Presidential Regulation Number 116 of 2015 concerning the Acceleration of the Operation of Light Rail Transit in South Sumatra Province. At the railroad track in Indonesia there is currently no railroad that has operated using the slab track construction but at this time the Government of Indonesia is conducting railroad construction in Indonesia on a national scale. In the construction of the South Sumatra LRT (Light Rail Transit) is a power railroad construction electricity that is in the process of development that will use modern railroad construction that is using slab track construction. In this very happy opportunity the writer got the opportunity to do research at the South Sumatra LRT Work Unit because the South Sumatra LRT is under construction. South Sumatra LRT uses elevated road construction using slab track construction. At present the South Sumatra LRT is the first project to undertake slab track construction in Indonesia. In fact, there is no railroad in Indonesia that operates using slab track construction.
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Khobta, A. V. "Studies of geologist A.V. Lvov on the Circum-Baikal railroad". Geology and Environment 3, nr 3 (2023): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2541-9641.2023.3.31.
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The article deals with the activities of geologist A.V. Lvov during the survey work of the Circum-Baikal railroad and at the beginning of operation of the Transbaikal railroad. A detailed survey of the outcrops formed during the construction of the railroad made it possible to refute the previously proposed conclusions of mining engineers and to give detailed recommendations on the protection of the railroad bed from rockfalls, both during construction and at the beginning of the operation of the railroad. Along with geological studies, work was done to determine the sources of water inflow into the most problematic tunnel on the railroad.
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RESHETNOV, A. YU, V. I. SOLOMKA i P. A. OVCHYNNYKOV. "PARAMETERS OF TYPICAL CONTINUOUS STEEL TRUSS SPANS UNDER A HIGH-SPEED MOVEMENT". Bridges and tunnels: Theory, Research, Practice, nr 11 (10.12.2017): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/bttrp2017/159217.
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Purpose. Determination of the stress-strain state of a typical continuous steel truss span by calculation according to national norms and computer simulation in the conditions of passage of high-speed passenger trains. Methodology. In this work, the stress-strain state of a continuous truss span of the typical project No. 3 501.2-166 for the possibility of its application in areas with perspective high-speed railway traffic was investigated. Calculation of the specified span structure for DBN V.2.3-14-2006 «Constructions of transport. Bridges and pipes. Design rules» for railroad loading С14 was executed. The cross-sections of the elements of a continuous truss span were calculated and the necessary checks performed. For the given span structure in the software complex a model was developed and the stress-strain state at various speeds of railway transport according to European and national norms was investigated. The acceleration and deflection of a continuous steel truss span were determined and their comparison with normative requirements was performed. Findings. As a result of simulation in the software complex for a continuous steel truss span, acceleration and deflection under the action of cargo and passenger load at different speeds of movement were determined. The cross-sections of the elements of a continuous steel truss span were calculated. Originality. The results of the study can be applied in the development of national regulatory documents on high-speed rail transport and in the design of bridge structures with continuous truss spans in areas with high and higher-speed railway traffic. Practical value. The obtained results of the research will allow to effectively use continuous steel truss spans of typical designs in areas with high– and higher-speed railway traffic.
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Aghastya, Adya. "Planning and Normalization of Ring Drainage in Railways at the Indonesian Railway Academy of Madiun". Jurnal Perkeretaapian Indonesia 2, nr 2 (20.11.2018): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37367/jpi.v2i2.6.
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Railway infrastructure is a railroad track, train station and train operation facilities so that trains can be operated. One component of the railway infrastructure is drainage. Railroad drainage is an infrastructure that functions to channel surface water to water bodies and / or artificial infiltration buildings. In the current field research the condition of the railroad drainage channel at the Indonesian Railroad Academy is not in the right conditions due to inundation and siltation which is mixed with the growth of wild plants caused by drainage structures that are not suitable for installation and not in accordance with the topography the area. From the facts in the field, a review of the problems in the drainage was conducted. The drainage flow pattern of the railroad should be flowed to the lake which is the final drainage channel, but this need has not been fully met. From the above problem an alternative is taken to solve the first problem namely Planning and Normalization of Drainage Channels includes (drainage cleaning, drainage elevation, construction of new drainage), the second solution is the construction of supporting buildings including the construction of culverts, construction of gates and construction of pump houses
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Chrzan, Marcin, Paweł Pirosz i Jacek Paś. "Transmission system model in the track-vehicle relationship based on Long Term Evolution technology". Archives of Transport 66, nr 2 (30.06.2023): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.3237.
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Because of degradations of the wired infrastructure connecting the element of railroad control systems, and related primarily to their destruction, the use of the radio transmission medium for independent management of rail-road traffic control devices is increasingly being considered. An undoubted problem in implying such solutions is the security of transmission in such systems. It should be noted that security at a certain level of transmission is currently already offered by the radio transmission systems themselves, which has also been used in the GSM-R standard. The creation of a separate dedicated system for railroads involves huge expenditures for the design, testing, certification and, finally, construction and implementation of such technology. Therefore, in the opinion of the author of this dissertation, it is possible to use public open radio networks for the needs of railroads, which significantly reduces costs, since such a system is based on existing infrastructure. It is necessary to develop a way of transmitting information that meets the requirements of secure transmission in the sense of railroad traffic control systems. The task is to develop a general model for open radio transmission in traffic control systems based on the latest public radio standard, which is LTE, 5G or Future Railway Mobile Communications System (FRMCS). The article will present the concept of data transmission in the track vehicle relationship with the use of LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology. It will show the concept of transmission based on the PN-EN50159:2011 standard and the results of the tests conducted during control trips on the railway route. The main element that will be subject to the research will include the transmission safety and its delay. The impact of a type of transmission encryption on its delay will be estimated with the assumed blocks of data sent during the transmission. A probability distribution and density functions of the transmission delay probability distribution with the message sizes in the range from 16B to 10 kB with four ways of the signal encoding according to the PN-EN50159:2011 standard will be also analysed.
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Baybikov, Vyacheslav Y. "THE FISCAL AND ECONOMIC POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN MINISTER OF FINANCE S. Y. VITTE AND CRITICISM OF IT FROM S. F. SHARAPOV (XIX – BEGINNING OF XX CENTURY)". Economic History, nr 3 (30.09.2018): 326–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.042.014.201803.326-335.
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Introduction. In 1842 Russian Finance Ministry was leaded by S. Y. Vitte. On his initiative serious economic reforms were carried out: the implementation of monetary reform, the construction of Siberian railway line and the adoption of the new statutes of the State Bank. However, the fiscal and monetary policy of S. Y. Vitte had its supporters as well as its opponents. Among those who were against the measures taken by S. Y. Vitte a well known (in those days) economist and publicist S. F. Sharapov, who especially defended the rights of the peasantry and argued that the development of Russian economy was different from the way of Eastern Europe. Materias and Methods. Despite many publications on this topic there has not been yet full research on the reorganizations undertaken by S. Y. Vitte and the alternative models put forward by his opponents and which specific direction of the fiscal and monetary policy were criticized. The aim of the given article is the analysis of the major reforms made by S. Y. Vitte, the critique on the part of his adversaries and familiarizing with the alternative suggestions. One can best understand it on the economic activity of S. F. Sharapov, who was the main opponent of most of the reorganizations. Results and Discussion. Among the main directions of the policy carried out by Finance Ministry in 1892–1903 one can single out the following: the preparation and implementation of monetary reform, which became the cornerstone of Vitte economic policy and the construction of railroads. Monetary reform was conducted gradually during 1895–1897. At the moment of its preparation S. F. Sharapov severely criticized the fiscal policy carried out by S. Y. Vitte. Unlike the supporters of the metal money circulation, he considered that the basis of the monetary system of Russia must be a paper rouble, which was pegged neither to gold nor to silver. S. F. Sharapov also came out against the wide range of the construction of railroads. In spite of the popularity of his ideas in the Russian society S. F. Sharapov did not get the support of the representatives of the main socio-political tendencies. There turned out to be more supporters of monetary reform and economic reorganizations. Conclusion. As for the monetary reform – the most important event in the activity of S. Y. Vitte – there is still a difference of opinion who was right: the supporters of introducing gold standard in Russia or its opponents “the nominalists” remains an open question. In 1898 summing up the results of the economic reform S. Y. Vitte ascertained that “money supply in Russia has been put to order and has been performing as soundly as in those states, where this branch of economy has long been in perfect order”. Subsequent events confirmed that “the nominalists” might have been right. Nowadays world monetary systems do not foresee the exchange of monetary units for gold and currencies are not pegged at the exchange rate of gold. The era of gold standard has come to an end and at present exchange rates and the stability of a monetary unit of this or that country depend on the state of the economy of this country. As far as railroad construction is concerned it should justly be noted, that a great deal of railroads as well as the construction of factories and plants in the whole world has caused damage to the environment as was foretold by S. F. Sharapov. Yet, when the territory of Russia was covered by rail network it resulted in a transfer of economic and cultural centres – cities through which railroads were laid began to develop rapidly and the cities without railroad connection started falling into decay. Thus Russia changed greatly.
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Syamsuir, Elvi, Fatma Ira Wahyuni i Sri Tria Siska. "PERENCANAAN GEOMETI JALAN REL KERETA API BUKITTINGGI-PAYAKUMBUH STA 94+675-STA 124+526". Ensiklopedia of Journal 4, nr 4 (27.06.2022): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33559/eoj.v4i4.1182.
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West Sumatra Province is one of the provinces where the City and Regency have natural resources and many tourist objects. These cities and regencies have natural resources and tourist objects that have their respective advantages. Several cities from the many cities in West Sumatra that have a busy tourist attraction are the cities of Bukittinggi and Payakumbuh. In addition to having many tourist attractions, it also has abundant natural resources such as plantations, forestry, and industry. To visit and transport these resources, it must be supported by proper and adequate transportation facilities. Currently, the transportation used to transport goods and passengers uses roads, so it has the potential to cause problems both in terms of facilities and infrastructure and the emergence of congestion due to heavy traffic. Therefore, an alternative mode of transportation is needed to help reduce the burden of the highway, namely the mode of rail transportation for the smooth flow of distribution of goods and services, so it is felt that the Bukittinggi - Payakumbuh railway line is needed. This line is part of the route traversed by the Trans Sumatra Railway. This railway line is built or reactivated in order to reduce congestion that occurs at certain times. In the process of loading the Bukitinggi - Payakumbuh railway line, a methodology for collecting primary and secondary data, problem identification, literature study and analysis is needed. planning data in the form of design speed analysis, rail analysis and bearing analysis to be used. In this paper, the selection of the route, Geometric Planning, Railroad Construction Planning and at Km 15 is carried out. The selection of the route is based on the design speed of the train plan. Geometric planning using the Railways Management and Engineering method. Railroad construction refers to regulation PD-10 PJKA (1986). The results obtained from this paper are the planning of the railroad route as an alternative mode of transportation along ± 30 km from the City of Bukittinggi - Payakumbuh. So that it can be used as a comparison suggestion for the West Sumatra Provincial Government in building railroads in the future.
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Ramūnas, Vaidas, Audrius Vaitkus, Alfredas Laurinavičius, Donatas Čygas i Aurimas Šiukščius. "PREDICTION OF LIFESPAN OF RAILWAY BALLAST AGGREGATE ACCORDING TO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF IT". Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 12, nr 3 (30.09.2017): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2017.25.
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As the railway lifespan is the main criterion for selection of the aggregate for ballast and for planning the maintenance of the railroad, it is important to define the relationship between the particle load resistant characteristics and a lifetime of ballast in structure. Assessment of the quality of the ballast aggregate particles under dynamic and static loading reflect both, the toughness and hardness, and these are identified with the Los Angeles Abrasion and Micro-Deval Abrasion values. The model formerly developed by Canadian Pacific Railroads was adapted to predict possible loads expressed in cumulated tonnes. Different ballast aggregate mixtures were tested in the laboratory including dolomite and granite. Calculated potential gross tonnage (expressed in Million Gross Tonnes) of the railway per lifetime for each different aggregate type presented. The outcome of this research is established classification system of railway ballast aggregate and defined Los Angeles Abrasion and Micro-Deval Abrasion values of aggregate dependently on required lifetime.
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dos Santos Carneiro, Patrícia Helena, Júlio César Barreto Rocha i Antônio Cândido da Silva. "UMA DUPLA CONSTRUÇÃO DISCURSIVA DA ESTRADA DE FERRO MADEIRA-MAMORÉ PELAS FOTOGRAFIAS DE DANA MERRILL". Revista Canoa do Tempo 13, FC (28.05.2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.38047/rct.v13.fc.2021.al1.p.1.21.
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dos Santos Carneiro, Patrícia Helena, Júlio César Barreto Rocha i Antônio Cândido da Silva. "UMA DUPLA CONSTRUÇÃO DISCURSIVA DA ESTRADA DE FERRO MADEIRA-MAMORÉ PELAS FOTOGRAFIAS DE DANA MERRILL". Revista Canoa do Tempo 13, FC (11.02.2021): 2–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.38047/rct.v13.fc.2021.al1.p.2.22.
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Tomoff, Kiril. "The Role of Forests in Witte's Industrialization Drive". Russian History 22, nr 1-4 (1995): 249–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633195x00106.
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AbstractRussia's forests played a crucial role in the industrialization drive that Minister of Finance Sergei Witte led beginning in 1892. While most histories of Imperial Russian industrialization understandably concentrate on heavy industry, railroads, and coal, the main focii of Witte's industrial policy and rhetoric,1 this essay argues that forests contributed crucial sources of income and industrial fuel for Witte's campaign while providing the material for the expansion of a distinct forest industrial sector. The forest income of the Ministry of State Domains became a growing source of revenue for a government that needed all the money it could get as it financed railroad construction to propel heavy industry through a period of rapid growth. Forests also provided charcoal and fuel wood for industrial and non-industrial consumption throughout the 1890s. Wood provided all or most of the fuel for Urals metallurgy, the textile industry, still Russia's largest, and a growing forest industrial sector. Forests even helped satisfy the fuel demands of the showcase areas of rapid industrialization, the railroads and southern metallurgy. This essay demonstrates that the rate at which timber was being felled outstripped forest exports and population growth. It argues that industrial consumption of wood fuel, including charcoal, spurred the development of a timber industry which was to remain in place to satisfy the steep increase in forest exports during the second industrialization spurt before 1914. Forests' importance to Russia's industrialization should not be ignored.
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Michelle, Michelle, i FX Supartono. "ANALISIS JEMBATAN PRATEGANG BOX GIRDER DENGAN INCREMENTAL LAUNCHING METHOD". JMTS: Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil 3, nr 2 (17.05.2020): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jmts.v3i2.6933.
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The purpose of this research is to gain a broader understanding in analysing bridges that are built in stages. With Incremental Launching Method, bridges are casted in segments behind one of the abutments and launched over piers. Therefore, this method has little effect on surroundings and much efficient for constructions of highways or railroad lines. This method uses 40 meter long nose made of steel and is connected to the front part of the bridge to reduce the cantilever moment that occurs. The structure of the bridge is modelled in Midas Civil. 31 centric pre-stressing tendons are used during launching, whereas 20 tendons are placed in the top flanges and 11 tendons are placed in the bottom flanges. 2 pre-stressing tendons are placed in each web, to be tensioned after the bridge has reached its final position. The results from analysis using Midas Civil stated that the tendons used are sufficient to withstand the stresses due to dead load and live load.AbstrakTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih luas dalam menganalisis jembatan yang dibangun secara bertahap. Dengan Incremental Launching Method (ILM), jembatan dicor per segmen di belakang salah satu abutmen dan diluncurkan diatas tiang setelah beton mencapai kekukatannya. Oleh karena itu, metode ini memiliki efek yang sedikit pada lingkungan dan sangat efisien untuk pembangunan jalan raya atau jalur kereta api. Metode ini menggunakan nose sepanjang 40 meter yang terbuat dari baja dan disambungkan pada bagian depan jembatan untuk mengurangi momen kantilever yang terjadi. Model struktur jembatan dibuat dalam program Midas Civil menggunakan wizard ILM. 31 tendon centric prestressing digunakan selama peluncuran, 20 ditempatkan di flens atas box girder dan 11 ditempatkan di bawah. 2 tendon ditempatkan di masing-masing web yang akan ditarik setelah jembatan berada di posisi akhir. Hasil dari analisis menggunakan Midas Civil menunjukan bahwa tendon yang digunakan cukup untuk menahan tegangan akibat beban mati dan beban hidup.
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Kim, Min-kyeong, Dongkyu Hwang i Duckshin Park. "Analysis of Maintenance Techniques for a Three-Dimensional Digital Twin-Based Railway Facility with Tunnels". Platforms 1, nr 1 (28.01.2023): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/platforms1010002.
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In accordance with the paradigm of the 4th and Industrial Revolution, the introduction of building information modeling is expected in all areas related to railroad construction, operation and management, along with the establishment of a metaverse platform that combines big data, the Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence. The performance of tasks related to the safety and maintenance of railway facilities is aided by the use of digital systems free from physical and temporal constraints. Three-dimensional (3D) modeling and other 4th industrial technologies, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and light detection and ranging (LiDAR), are increasingly implemented in many types of infrastructure. With respect to railroads, the use of these methods to monitor tunnel spaces has been hindered by the limitations of modeling with UAV and inadequate Global Positioning System reception. Here, we conducted the domestic application of 4th industrial technologies to a railway tunnel; we addressed these problems using a BLK360, a fixed LiDAR device that combines two-dimensional panoramic images and a 3D point cloud method. The outcomes of this research will benefit railway operation managers by providing a platform combining a two-dimensional panoramic virtual reality (VR) image and a 3D model developed from a 3D scan framework for the maintenance of existing railway facilities (tunnels). Our approach was optimized for the maintenance and operational management of railroad facilities, as demonstrated for tunnels, because it continuously acquires time-series data that is appropriate for the maintenance of the corresponding space. In the future, this approach can be used for test tracks and operational lines.
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Mondal, Manash Kumar, Riman Mandal, Sourav Banerjee, Utpal Biswas, Jerry Chun-Wei Lin, Osama Alfarraj i Amr Tolba. "Design and Development of a Fog-Assisted Elephant Corridor over a Railway Track". Sustainability 15, nr 7 (29.03.2023): 5944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15075944.
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Elephants are one of the largest animals on earth and are found in forests, grasslands and savannahs in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa. A country like India, especially the northeastern region, is covered by deep forests and is home to many elephants. Railroads are an effective and inexpensive means of transporting goods and passengers in this region. Due to poor visibility in the forests, collisions between trains and elephants are increasing day by day. In the last ten years, more than 190 elephants died due to train accidents. The most effective solution to this collision problem is to stop the train immediately. To address this sensitive issue, a solution is needed to detect and monitor elephants near railroad tracks and analyze data from the camera trap near the intersection of elephant corridors and railroad tracks. In this paper, we have developed a fog computing-based framework that not only detects and monitors the elephants but also improves the latency, network utilization and execution time. The fog-enabled elephant monitoring system informs the train control system of the existence of elephants in the corridor and a warning light LED flashes near the train tracks. This system is deployed and simulated in the iFogSim simulator and shows improvements in latency, network utilization, and execution time compared to cloud-based infrastructures.
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Duran, Xavier. "The First U.S. Transcontinental Railroad: Expected Profits and Government Intervention". Journal of Economic History 73, nr 1 (marzec 2013): 177–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050713000065.
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Construction of the first transcontinental railroad, financed with large federal subsidies, is an important event in American history. Were the subsidies necessary to induce private investment in the railroad? The ex-ante investment decision examined uses contemporary reports and a simulation model to show that investors expected the railroad to be profitable. Evidence also shows that the railroad created political conflicts in Congress between the North and South. The secession removed the South as a disputant in Congress, reducing short-term political conflict but not long-term conflict. Subsidies reduced political risk, rather than transport market failure, and encouraged private investment.
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Oh, Jeongho, Seo Yeon Kim i Jaeyeop Paeng. "Evaluation of Railroad Bridge Foundation Response to Insulation Application under Cold Regions". Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 23, nr 4 (31.08.2023): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2023.23.4.197.
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To establish an integrated railroad network in the Korean Peninsula, in preparation for the unification era presented in the 3rd National Rail Network Construction Plan (2016–2025) and the Railroad Industry Development Basic Plan, a preemptive response to construct railroad infrastructure considering the low temperature in North Korea during winter is essential. In this study, extensive numerical analyses were conducted to evaluate the behavior of railroad bridge foundations while accounting for the climate and geological conditions of North Korea. Furthermore, we proposed additional items that need to be addressed in the current railroad roadbed design standards. Eventually, we found that taking measures, such as application of insulation, to alleviate frost damage due to the increase in the adfreezing strength of railroad bridge foundations in cold regions where the freezing index is more than 1,000 ℃ day is necessary.