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Johansson, Emil, i Viktor Johansson. "The choice of soil improvement at railroad constructions". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-142881.
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Vid byggnation av järnväg måste man som projektör ta hänsyn till om marken behöver förstärkas eller ej. Detta gör att man står inför viktiga avväganden vid valet av jordförstärkningsmetod. Studiens syfte har varit att skapa ett förtydligande underlag för beslutsprocessen med avseende på bankpålning och kalkcementpelare ur en teknisk- och en ekonomisk synvinkel. Den tekniska jämförelsen utfördes genom att studera vår litteraturstudien och ur denna valdes 14 parametrar för att utvärdera de respektive metoderna. Den ekonomiska frågeställningen besvarades genom att utföra en fallstudie. Vid anläggning av järnväg måste funktion gå före kostnad. Detta medför att man sällan står i en avvägning mellan kalkcementpelare och bankpålning. Metoderna går inte att använda på samma sätt och beroende på jordens egenskaper och belastning skall metod väljas. Men för att ta det beslutet krävs det att noggranna geotekniska undersökningar har genomförts.
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Oh, Choong Ryun 1972. "Evaluating flexibility in railroad construction projects". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/31146.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-104).
This thesis aims to valuate flexibilities in a large-scale railroad construction project. In general, a railroad construction project involves a large amount of flexibilities due to its long construction period and conflicts among various participants. Therefore, railroad construction projects require investors to examine the feasibility of the project, taking into account managers' ability to make strategic decisions to deal with flexibilities during the construction. However. this important value is not considered in conventional valuation methods, such as Net Present Value (NPV) or Internal Rate of Return (IRR) analysis. This study introduces methods to identify and valuate the flexibilities involved in a project. Decision Tree Analysis (DTA) and Real Option Analysis (ROA) are mainly discussed as primary methods to avoid pitfalls of the conventional valuation methods. DTA helps managers to make future decisions in an effective way by providing graphical diagrams of decision opportunities. ROA appraises the value of mitigating risks by allowing managers to defer investing decisions until a situation that affects a project's success seriously becomes obvious. As a case study, the additional station construction projects in Incheon International Airport Railroad (IIAR) are analyzed to apply the methodologies to valuate the flexibilities. The case study shows that the use of DTA and ROA enables us to visualize the risks, and to quantify the value of flexibilities in the project.
by Choong Ryun Oh.
S.M.
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Schwantes, Benjamin Sidney Michael. "Fallible guardian / the social construction of railroad telegraphy in 19th-century America". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 263 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1654490031&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Chiu, Herman B. "When 1,000 words are worth a picture : how newspapers portrayed the Chinese and Irish who built the first transcontinental railroad /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3164495.
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Tsoy, Irina. "Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment for Railroad Construction in Stockholm, Sweden, using Spatial Multi Criteria Analysis". Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-170453.
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The environmental impact of transportation construction, operation and maintenance is of critical importance. Therefore it is vital to carry out a groundwater vulnerability assessment for transportation projects at an early stage. The objective of the study was to apply a methodology for groundwater vulnerability assessment for transportation planning in order to identify and avoid areas susceptible to contamination. In this study a spatial multi criteria analysis (SMCA) was conducted where the impacts of railroads on groundwater were examined. Physical factors that influence the groundwater vulnerability such as infiltration capacity, hydraulic conductivity, effective porosity, slope, land cover, depth to groundwater and topographic wetness index (TWI) were considered in this study. Results from the study show that about 30% of the total area was prone to high and very high groundwater vulnerability. The final vulnerability map illustrated the highly vulnerable areas in the sand deposits and till and less vulnerable areas of rock outcrops and clay deposits. According to the outcome of the sensitivity analysis the methodology used in this study shows promising results and can be employed further with some improvements.På grund av ökad efterfråga på transport planerar Stockholms Lokaltrafik (SL) en ny järnväg i norra Stockholm mellan Vallentuna kommun och Arlanda flygplats (Sveriges största internationella flygplats). Väg- och järnvägskonstruktion och underhåll förorenar inte bara luft, mark och närliggande vattendrag utan även den mättade zonen genom infiltrerande vatten. Denna studie fokuserar på effekterna av järnvägen på grundvattnet, eftersom grundvatten är en viktig resurs för vattenförsörjning (hushåll, industri etc.) Syftet med denna studie var att utveckla en modell för sårbarhetsanalys av grundvatten för transportplanering genom Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA) och geografiska informationssystem (GIS). För att hantera detta komplexa problem har sju kriterier kritiska för grundvattnets sårbarhet identifierats (t.ex. hydraulisk konduktivitet, infiltration och effektiv porositet, djup till grundvatten, marktäcke, topografisk wetness index (TWI) och lutning); viktats med tanke på dess påverkan på grundvattnet och dess noggrannhet i data; och till sist kombinerats för att framställa en grundvattensårbarhetkarta. GIS (ArcGIS) verktyg användes i studien för att hantera rumslig heterogenitet inom det studerade området samt komplexiteten av MCA. För att utvärdera påverkan av varje kriterium på resulterad sårbarhetskarta tillämpades enda variabel metoden. Genom att jämföra värdena från den teoretiska viktningen (tilldelade värden) och den effektiva viktningen (beräknade värden) för varje kriterium kunde det mest inflytelserika kriteriet identifieras. Som ett resultat av studien, producerades en grundvattensårbarhetskarta över det studerade området vilket indikerade att sand och moränavlagringar är mycket känsliga för föroreningar på grund av hög infiltrationskapacitet i grovkornig jord, högt värde av hydraulisk konduktivitet och effektiv porositet. Men på grund av låg infiltration och hydraulisk konduktivitet tillsammans med låg effektiv porositet, erhöll lera som ligger på låga upphöjda områden det lägsta värdet av sårbarhet.
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Watanabe, Juliana Silva 1978. "Estudo de via férrea lastreada sobre placa de concreto de cimento Portland". [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258355.
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Orientador: Cassio Eduardo Lima de PaivaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: As ferrovias de carga pesada (heavy haul) têm como objetivo, trabalhar com grandes volumes de carga, mantendo uma velocidade que possibilite um tempo de percurso cada vez menor, mas esse deslocamento deve ser feito com segurança e para isso é necessário que a via permanente esteja sempre em condições aceitáveis de circulação. No Brasil, a estrutura atual desse tipo de via férrea atualmente está dimensionada para suportar aproximadamente até 32 toneladas por eixo, mas para favorecer o maior escoamento e tornar a ferrovia mais eficiente intenciona-se chegar a 40 toneladas por eixo. Baseado nessas informações, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar uma solução técnica de via férrea adequada para uma carga de 40 toneladas por eixo. Foram avaliadas duas situações: na primeira utilizou-se uma camada de lastro apoiada diretamente sobre a plataforma; e na segunda foi adotada uma placa de concreto de cimento Portland entre a camada de lastro e a plataforma da via. Para a primeira situação foram calculadas as tensões no trilho e na plataforma através dos modelos numéricos propostos por Eisenmann e Zimmermann, e na situação da placa de concreto, dimensionou-se uma estrutura baseada no método de dimensionamento de pisos industriais da Associação Brasileira de Cimento Portland. Para os dois casos, as tensões atuantes na via permanente foram verificadas através do programa computacional FERROVIA. As conclusões foram obtidas através de comparações entre os valores das tensões calculados pelos métodos teóricos e pelo método computacional
Abstract: The heavy haul lines objective is to carry elevated freight, maintaining speeds that assure a shorter travel time. It must be done safely and, for this, it is required good conditions for the track. This Brazilian railway structure is designed to support 32 tonnes per axle, however to promote a better flow and to become more efficient there is an intention of change this freight to 40 tonnes per axle. Based on that, the aim of this study was to analyze a suitable technical solution t for 40 t/ axle load. Two situations have been evaluated: in one of them it was used a ballast layer over the formation; and in the other one it was adopted a concrete slab between the ballast layer and the formation. For the first situation stresses on rail and formation were calculated based on the theoretical models (Zimmermann and Eisenmann methods), and for the second one, a structure similar to a concrete pavement has been designed (ABCP industrial floor method). For both cases, the tresses on the track have been verified by the computational program FERROVIA. The conclusions were based on comparisons between the stresses values calculated by the theoretical and computational methods
Mestrado
Transportes
Mestra em Engenharia Civil
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Conant, Alan. "Pennsylvania R.R. Station, Richmond, Indiana : a proposal for reuse and survey of the field". Virtual Press, 1988. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/539629.
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The development of the large corporate railroad systems in the Midwest, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, produced many high quality, architecturally significant railroad stations. Among these, Richmond's Pennsylvania Railroad Station, built to the designs of the D.H. Burnham & Co., of Chicago in 1902-1903, is a fine example of the Beaux-Arts and Neo-Classical Revival Styles of architecture popular after the Columbian World Exposition of 1893. The Richmond station remains as the last example of the Burnham Co.'s railroad station work in Indiana. This thesis will review the history and current status of the station, review and summarize the field of railroad station reuse, and present an adaptive reuse plan for the station.Department of Architecture
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Boughan, Trajn. "Managing architectural design under-construction : talking to build the airport railway depot, Hong Kong /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3074377.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2002.Typescript. Leaf v does not exist therefore pre-paging is misnumbered. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 256-262). Also available on the Internet.
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Blanton, Paul 1968. "The distribution and impact of roads and railroads on the river landscapes of the coterminous United States". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11186.
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xvi, 150 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.Floodplain roads and railroads are common features in river landscapes, but their distribution and impacts have not been explicitly studied. This dissertation discusses the impacts of floodplain roads and railroads on channel and floodplain processes in river landscapes at the continental, regional, and local scales. At the continental scale, I documented the spatial patterns of roads and railroads in the floodplains of the continental United States and the regional variability of their potential impacts. Based on these results, I developed a conceptual model based on topography and the interaction of transportation and stream networks that suggests that the area of lateral disconnection caused by transportation infrastructure should be most extensive in mid-sized alluvial valleys in relatively rugged settings, such as those located in the western United States. I used pre-existing digital geologic, hydrologic, and transportation data with Geographic Information Systems software to map floodplain areas and lateral disconnection along the floodplains of two river systems in Washington State. I developed methods to quickly and inexpensively delineate potential or historic floodplain surfaces, to analyze lateral floodplain disconnection caused by different types of structure, and to rank floodplain reaches in terms of salmon habitat potential. Although all floodplains exhibited disconnection, the floodplain maps and habitat rankings helped identify opportunities for habitat preservation and restoration. At the local scale, I mapped and measured the impacts of lateral disconnection, showing that channel and riparian habitat was degraded in locations with floodplain transportation infrastructure confining the channel compared with similar nearby sites lacking such confinement. Railroad grades and road beds function as confining structures in the riparian zone, disrupting flood pulses and the exchange of water, sediment, and biota between channels and their floodplains and within the floodplain. Over longer time periods, these structures can also impede the natural meandering and migration of channels across their floodplains, disrupting the erosional and depositional processes that drive the high habitat and biological diversity characteristic of floodplains. My results show that human-caused disconnections need to be further incorporated into river science and management. This dissertation includes previously published and unpublished co-authored material.
Committee in charge: W. Andrew Marcus, Chairperson, Geography; Daniel Gavin, Member, Geography; Patricia McDowell, Member, Geography; Joshua Roering, Outside Member, Geological Sciences
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Mhlekwa, Gcobani Sydney. "Evaluating quality management on selected South African freight rail construction projects". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2866.
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Thesis (MTech (Business Administration in Project Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019.This study focussed on the evaluation of quality management at one of the selected South African freight rail construction projects. Transnet Freight Rail (TFR) was selected for its high rate of accidents and injuries that happen on daily basis which affect the company’s operations and profits. The study’s approach was to obtain as much as possible opinions from local and international experts on quality management in construction projects. The opinions were gathered through a number of official journals on the best practices for quality management, comparing all of these practices to that of TFR in order to conclude whether the need for improvement or the change in practicing quality is required. The mixed − method approach was employed, to gather more and accurate data. The strengths of qualitative research approach can make up for the weaknesses of the quantitative research approach, this was the reason why mixed − method was chosen. The targeted population of this study included the internal stakeholders such as quality assurance officers, project managers, project coordinators and project team members. This targeted population was able to provide the accurate information as they are directly involved in the execution of the projects in terms of quality management of the project. A questionnaire was developed and employed as a tool to gather data to satisfy the research questions. This study was a case study because it only focused on TFR Iron Ore line projects. The focus was that, within TFR Iron Ore line, only those who are affected directly by the above mentioned projects were interviewed. The study has revealed that the Total Quality Assurance measures are being ignored at TFR, such as unscheduled quality tours, quality audits, quality control routines, random sampling of errors and record seen defects, and quality monitoring throughout the project life cycle.
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Remor, Juliana Pereira Rego. "Estudo de comportamento dinâmico de uma ponte ferroviária considerando efeitos do lastro e de irregularidades da via". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2587.
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CAPESEsta dissertação tem como proposta investigar o comportamento dinâmico de uma ponte ferroviária sob cargas móveis por meio do método dos elementos finitos. A análise é feita considerando a interação da via com a ponte e o veículo de forma desacoplada. O modelo do veículo utilizado possui 9 graus de liberdade composto de uma associação de corpos rígidos conectados via sistemas de suspensão. As respostas dinâmicas do veículo são obtidas devido à velocidade e irregularidades da via, que são consideradas como funções senoidais harmônicas e como funções randômicas, estas duas abordagens são comparadas. Em seguida, as forças do veículo são aplicadas através das rodas do veículo no modelo de interação viaestrutura. O comportamento dinâmico do modelo via-estrutura é estudado integrando o trilho, lastro e ponte. Os trilhos são modelados como elementos superiores de pórtico e a ponte como elementos inferiores de pórtico. Os dormentes e o lastro são modelados usando a fundação de Winkler para a translação. O método de Rayleigh é usado para calcular o amortecimento estrutural. As equações de movimento de ambos os sistemas são integradas usando o método de Newmark. A influência das irregularidades da via é analisada.
This master’s thesis aims to investigate the dynamic behavior of a railway bridge under moving loads using the finite element method. The analysis is made considering an uncoupled vehicle-bridge-track interaction. The vehicle studied is a 9 degrees-offreedom model composed of an association of rigid bodies connected via suspension systems. The dynamic responses of the vehicle are obtained due to the speed and tracks irregularities, which are considered as both harmonic sinusoidal functions and randomic functions. After that, the vehicle forces are applied on the railway track-bridge model throw the vehicle wheels. The dynamic behavior of the railway track-bridge model is studied integrating the rail, ballast, and bridge. The rails are modeled as an elastic Euler-Bernoulli upper beam and the bridge as an Euler-Bernoulli lower beam. The sleepers and ballast are modeled using Winkler foundation for translation. The Rayleigh method is used to define structural damping. The equations of motion of both systems are integrated using Newmark’s method. Track irregularities influence are analyzed.
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Moratelli, Thiago. "Os trabalhadores da construção da Estrada de Ferro Noroeste do Brasil : experiencias operarias em um sistema de trabalho de grande empreitada (São Paulo e Mato Grosso, 1905-1914)". [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281967.
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Orientador: Fernando Teixeira da SilvaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Esta dissertação trata da história social dos trabalhadores da construção da estrada de ferro Noroeste do Brasil. O estudo aborda o sistema de trabalho adotado durante a realização das obras de construção da ferrovia e as experiências dos trabalhadores em São Paulo e Mato Grosso entre 1905 e 1914. Apesar de atravessar terrenos difíceis e insalubres em sua maior parte, a estrada de ferro Noroeste do Brasil foi construída em tempo recorde devido à mobilização de milhares de trabalhadores recrutados em diversas regiões do país e do exterior. A dissertação considera a construção da ferrovia como um empreendimento em si mesmo. Neste sentido, analisa o processo de recrutamento dos trabalhadores, as condições de vida de trabalho, a luta da imprensa operária contra a ferrovia, a criminalidade e aspectos do cotidiano e do mundo do trabalho da construção da estrada de ferro Noroeste do Brasil
Abstract: This dissertation is a social history laborers in the construction of Noroeste do Brasil railroad system. The study deals with the labor system adopted during the realization of the railroad tracks and worker's experiences in São Paulo and Mato Grosso between 1905 and 1914. Although the majority Noroeste do Brasil railroad spans very difficult and unhealthy terrain, it was constructed in record time due to the mobilization of thousands of workers recruited from diverse regions of the country, within and outside the boundaries of the nation. The dissertation considers the construction of the railroad as an undertaking in itself. In this sense, it analyzes the process of recruitment, worker's living conditions, and the fight by the working class press against the construction of the railroad, criminality, and other aspects of quotidian life in the construction of Noroeste do Brasil railroad system
Mestrado
Historia Social
Mestre em História
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Biglarifadafan, Ali. "A general hybrid force-based method for structural analysis". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5266/.
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The form of the energy function (i.e. Total, Hellinger-Reissner, Hu-Washizu or Complementary energy functions) has a significant influence on FEM performance. Motivated by the ability of the force-based method to satisfy the equilibrium equation and ability of the displacement-based method to satisfy compatibility equation, this thesis proposes a mathematical framework, namely the ‘Hybrid Force-Based Method’ which employs two physical concepts; the Total and Complementary Potential Energy functions. Satisfaction of both the Total and Complementary Potential Energy function is critical to the success of the Hybrid Force-Based Method. The Hybrid Force-Based Method is constructed using these two independent energy functions in order to perform inelastic structural analyses. The method has been proposed, implemented and evaluated across the entire structure, element, section and material domains first considering each domain separately and then in combination. The equilibrium and compatibility equations are satisfied simultaneously by discretisation of these two equations, and accuracy is controlled by specifying the upper and lower bounds of the results. Outcomes following evaluation of the proposed method can be classified into the following three categories: (i) structure-level performance (see Chapter 2), (ii) material-level performance (see Chapter 3), and (iii) element level performance (see Chapter 4). The proposed Hybrid Force-Based Method is constructed by deriving the governing equations directly from the Total and Complementary Potential Energy functions, leading to two distinct variants of the hybrid approach (i) the so-called ‘augmented Hybrid Force-Based Method’, and (ii) the so-called ‘unaugmented Hybrid Force-Based Method’. A number of numerical posterior process tests were devised and used to demonstrate the performance of these two variations of the hybrid method (see Sections 2.9.4.1 and 2.9.5.1) to demonstrate those methods ability in convergence in contrast to the Large Increment Method. Due to the occurrence of numerical instabilities experienced when using various established solution algorithms in solving the fundamental equations at the material level, within implicit approach (such as the Standard Implicit Method, the Cutting Plane Method, and the Closest Point Projection Method). A new form of the constitutive equation solver is proposed in Sections 3.9, referred to as the General Implicit Method (GIM). It is shown that the GIM can be implemented both in the strain and stress domains, and is therefore appropriate for use in both the displacement- and the force-based solution family of methods. The GIM is then evaluated by comparing its predictions to those of other common solution algorithms for inelastic analysis. Performance evaluation involves the use of a new error indicator that guarantees the uniqueness and accuracy of a solution in both the stress and the strain domains. Three iso-error maps serve to emphasis the accuracy, reliability, and computational performance of the General Implicit Method as a solution method compared to those are evaluated for the defined Stress Increment Ratio. The fundamental equations at the element level are followed, based on structured fibre discretisation. The decomposition of the various degrees of freedom into deformational and rigid-body motion serve as a mechanism by which independent equilibrium equations can be determined for each element. The subsequent equation is able to involve axial force, torsion, and both in and out of plane moments while a general form of shear strain distribution is also involved. The original form of the solution at the cross section of the elements leads to novel governing equations that are based on the characteristics of the hybrid force-based approach. The numerical evaluation in Section 4.11.7.1 demonstrates the performance of the proposed method. The newly defined error indicators demonstrate the accuracy and computational performance of the method and the uniqueness of the solution in satisfying both the equilibrium and compatibility equations for Euler-Bernoulli, Timoshenko, and Reddy strain distributions across the element section. Further to the structured fibre, distributed, semi-distributed and concentrated inelastic approach elements, as a simplified form of the element are implemented and evaluated. Although performance of those original formulations is evaluated independently in in comparison with the conventional approaches, compatibility of those as an important issue is followed as well. The numerical evaluation demonstrates higher accuracy and reliability by following the proposed method, further to the higher computational performance respect to the conjugate approaches.
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Eriksson, Andreas, i Nils Larsson. "Prefabricerade betongbroar över järnväg - En jämförelse mellan traditionell platsgjuten konstruktion och prefab på plats". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-53444.
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När nya betongbroar över järnväg ska upprättas finns det många aspekter som försvårar byggandet, som t.ex. att trafiken inte kan stoppas helt förutom under kortare perioder under byggtiden. Tågstoppen planeras in många år i förväg vilket gör att produktionen måste planeras och utföras utefter de planerade stoppen. Det är svårt att få till en industrialiserad brobyggnadsprocess med högre effektivitet och mer upprepning. Den traditionella platsgjutna metoden är den metod som är vanligast i Sverige trots att det finns metoder som skulle kunna ersätta den. Det huvudsakliga syftet med rapporten är att ta reda på om prefabricerade betongelement på plats är en möjlig metod för att underlätta byggandet av nya betongbroar över järnväg. Denna rapport baseras på en fallstudie av ett befintligt broprojekt för att se vilka fördelar och förbättringar metoden med prefab på plats kan ge i olika aspekter. Utöver detta har intervjuer och en enkätundersökning genomförts för att samla in material och åsikter om prefab och industrialiserade brobyggnadsprocesser. Resultatet i denna rapport visar att metoden med prefab på plats är mer fördelaktig än den traditionella platsgjutna metoden i flera hänseenden. Det är en metod som gör det möjligt att nå upprepning och serietillverkning av broar. Vid intervjuerna framkom att entreprenörerna är intresserade av prefablösningar men bland annat krav på utformning och konservativ syn på prefab från beställarna hindrar möjligheterna för att tillämpa metodenWhen new concrete bridges over railway is to be established there are many aspects that complicates the construction, such as that traffic not can be stopped completely except for short periods during the construction process. The train stop is planned many years in advance, which means that construction must be planned and performed along the planned stops. It is difficult to get to an industrial bridge construction process with higher efficiency and more repetition. The traditional cast on site method is the most common in Sweden although there are methods that could replace it. The main purpose of the report is to find out if precast concrete elements on site is a possible method to facilitate the construction of new concrete bridges over the railway. This report is based on a case study of an existing bridge project to see the benefits and improvements the method with precast on site can provide in various aspects. Also interviews and surveys was conducted to collect opinions about prefabrication and industrial bridge construction. The results in this report show that the method of prefab on site is more advantageous than the traditional cast on site method in several respects. It is a method that makes it possible to reach repetition and serial production of bridges. The interviews revealed that contractors are interested in prefabricated solutions, but among other requirements for the design and conservative view of prefabrication from clients prevents the possibility of applying the method.
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Gbologah, Franklin Ekoue. "Development of a multimodal port freight transportation model for estimating container throughput". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34817.
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Computer based simulation models have often been used to study the multimodal freight transportation system. But these studies have not been able to dynamically couple the various modes into one model; therefore, they are limited in their ability to inform on dynamic system level interactions. This research thesis is motivated by the need to dynamically couple the multimodal freight transportation system to operate at multiple spatial and temporal scales. It is part of a larger research program to develop a systems modeling framework applicable to freight transportation. This larger research program attempts to dynamically couple railroad, seaport, and highway freight transportation models. The focus of this thesis is the development of the coupled railroad and seaport models. A separate volume (Wall 2010) on the development of the highway model has been completed.
The model railroad and seaport was developed using Arena® simulation software and it comprises of the Ports of Savannah, GA, Charleston, NC, Jacksonville, FL, their adjacent CSX rail terminal, and connecting CSX railroads in the southeastern U.S. However, only the simulation outputs for the Port of Savannah are discussed in this paper. It should be mentioned that the modeled port layout is only conceptual; therefore, any inferences drawn from the model's outputs do not represent actual port performance.
The model was run for 26 continuous simulation days, generating 141 containership calls, 147 highway truck deliveries of containers, 900 trains, and a throughput of 28,738 containers at the Port of Savannah, GA. An analysis of each train's trajectory from origin to destination shows that trains spend between 24 - 67 percent of their travel time idle on the tracks waiting for permission to move. Train parking demand analysis on the adjacent shunting area at the multimodal terminal seems to indicate that there aren't enough containers coming from the port because the demand is due to only trains waiting to load. The simulation also shows that on average it takes containerships calling at the Port of Savannah about 3.2 days to find an available dock to berth and unload containers. The observed mean turnaround time for containerships was 4.5 days.
This experiment also shows that container residence time within the port and adjacent multimodal rail terminal varies widely. Residence times within the port range from about 0.2 hours to 9 hours with a mean of 1 hour. The average residence time inside the rail terminal is about 20 minutes but observations varied from as little as 2 minutes to a high of 2.5 hours. In addition, about 85 percent of container residence time in the port is spent idle.
This research thesis demonstrates that it is possible to dynamically couple the different sub-models of the multimodal freight transportation system. However, there are challenges that need to be addressed by future research. The principal challenge is the development of a more efficient train movement algorithm that can incorporate the actual Direct Traffic Control (DTC) and / or Automatic Block Signal (ABS) track segmentation. Such an algorithm would likely improve the capacity estimates of the railroad network. In addition, future research should seek to reduce the high computational cost imposed by a discrete process modeling methodology and the adoption of single container resolution level for terminal operations. A methodology combining both discrete and continuous process modeling as proposed in this study could lessen computational costs and lower computer system requirements at a cost of some of the feedback capabilities of the model This tradeoff must be carefully examined.
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Bakar, Asra, i Georgi Mousi. "Solceller integrerade i anläggningskonstruktioner : En studie av hur solceller kan integreras i transportsektorns nyproduktion". Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232126.
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Med ett alltmer miljömedvetet samhälle finner vi idag ett ökande intresse för tillämpningen av effektiva energiförsörjningssystem. Ett av tillvägagångssätten för detta är att utnyttja solenergi, vilket möjliggörs med solceller. Solceller kan kortfattat beskrivas som en komponent vilket syftar i att omvandla solenergi till elektricitet. Denna teknik har på senare år blivit ett incitament för byggherrar att uppnå kraven för diverse miljöcertifieringar, där solceller används som byggnadsmaterial vid nyproduktion och renoveringar. De konstruktioner där solceller har använts brukar gemensamt kallas för solcellsanläggningar, beroende på solcellstyp kan dessa delas in i byggnadsapplicerade (BAPV) och byggnadsintegrerade (BIPV). Med hjälp av litteraturstudier, fallstudier, intervjuer samt workshop och observationer har det utförts en undersökning med fokus på byggnadsintegrerade solceller (BIPV). Undersökningen verkställdes med avsikten att granska den potentiella utsträckningen som byggnadsintegrerade solceller kan implementeras inom transportsektorns nyproduktion. Avhandlingens huvudsakliga mål är att förse uppdragsgivaren med förslag på tillämpningsområden för byggnadsintegrerade solceller till nyproduktion, där eventuella hänsyn har tagits till byggteknik och arkitektur. Dessutom menar rapporten att bidra till bildningen av en uppfattning kring solceller som byggnadsmaterial. Resultatet som påvisades från undersökningen är att det finns möjligheter för BIPV att implementeras i anläggningskonstruktioner inom transportsektorn. Bland dessa konstruktioner är bullerskärmar och teknikhus för järnvägar. Dessutom konstateras att de byggtekniska faktorer som bör beaktas vid nyproduktion med BIPV är orientering och lutning, likaså skuggning och ventilation. För arkitektoniska faktorer gäller att konstruktionen är estetiskt tilltalande, har en god komposition med färg och material, passar det synliga rutnätets motiv, den är kontextualiserad och väl projekterad samt att den har en innovativ design. I avhandlingen framkommer även möjligheter och hinder vid projektering med solceller. Resultaten visar att möjligheterna för BIPV är förutom att den utgör ett byggnadsskal, så har den även en energiavkastning till skillnad från traditionella byggnadsmaterial. Dessutom är BIPV ett ekonomiskt och ekologiskt hållbart alternativ. De identifierade hindren relaterar till aktörers brist på kunskap i solcellstekniken, vilket försvårar deras arbeten. Studiens slutsats är att det finns en potential att implementera solcellstekniken i Sverige, dock är den mer lönsam för större anläggningskonstruktioner. Då bullerskärmar och teknikhus förekommer kontinuerligt längs svenska motor-och järnvägar ses detta som ett incitament till att integrera dessa med solceller. Slutsatsen är även att vissa hinder som uppstår vid produktion och underhåll kan undvikas redan vid projekteringsskedet.With a society that is becoming more environmentally conscious, we now find a growing interest in the application of efficient energy supply systems. One of the approaches for this is to utilize solar energy, which is possible with photovoltaics (PV) also known as solar cells. PV can briefly be described as a component which aims to convert solar energy into electricity. This technology has in recent years been an incentive for constructions companies and project owners to achieve the requirements for various environmental certifications. Photovoltaic technology can be used in building materials for new productions or renovations. Building structures where PV has been utilized are commonly referred to as solar systems. Depending on the solar cell type, these can be divided into building applied photovoltaics (BAPV) and building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). With the help of literature research, interviews, case studies as well as workshop and observations, a study has been carried out which focuses on building integrated photovoltaic. The study was conducted with the intention to examine the potential extent that building integrated photovoltaics can be implemented in the transport sectors new production. The main aim of the dissertation is to provide with proposals for areas of application for BIPV, where construction technology and architecture is specifically taken into consideration. This dissertation also intends to contribute to the formation of an idea of photovoltaics as a building material. The result shown by the study is that there are opportunities for BIPV to be implemented in the transport sectors production of new constructions. Among these constructions are noise barriers and service houses for railways. In addition, it is noted that factors which regard PV building technology are orientation and tilt as well as shading and ventilation. The architectural factor that are considered when designing with BIPV is that the design of the construction needs to be aesthetically appealing, have a good composition with color and material, suitable with the visible grid's theme, it also needs to be contextualized and carefully planned. It is also required for BIPV constructions to have an innovative design. The dissertation also reveals possibilities and obstacles when designing with solar cells. The results show that the promises for BIPV come in the form of economic and ecological sustainability. The identified barriers relate to lack of knowledge in solar technology, which complicates the work of the involved operatives. The study's conclusion is that there is a potential for implementing PV technology in Sweden, but it is more profitable for larger constructions. However noise barriers and service houses for railways, occur continuously along Swedish roads and railways, therefore they are large in quantity. The large quantity of these constructions should be an incentive to implement BIPV in these constructions. In addition, it is stated that certain obstacles arising from production and maintenance can be avoided as early as in the design stage.
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Blankenship, Steve Ray. "Reconfiguring Memories of Honor: William Raoul's Manipulation of Masculinities in the New South, 1872-1918". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/history_diss/3.
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This dissertation examines how honor was fashioned in the New South by examining the masculine roles performed by William Greene Raoul, Jr. Raoul wrote his autobiography in the mid-1930s and in it he reflected on his life on the New South's frontier at the turn of the century as change came to the region in all aspects of life: politically, economically, socially, sexually, and racially. Raoul was an elite son of the New South whose memoirs, "The Proletarian Aristocrat," reveals a man of multiple masculinities, each with particular ways of retrieving his past(s). The paradox of his title suggests the parallel organization of Raoul's recollections. The "aristocrat" framed the events of a lifetime through a lens of honor, sustained by southern gentlemen who restrained masculine impulses on the one hand and avoided dependency on the other. Raoul the "proletarian" cast honor through an ideological retrospective whereby traumatic memories of disappointment and failure were re-fashioned through a distinctly politicized view constructed rather than recalled. Raoul's business failures led him to re-conceptualize masculine honor as a quality possessed more by the emerging working class than the rising commercial class. Memory operates in this project as more than mere methodology as assumptions about access to the past through memory are subordinated to an examination of the meaning of the memories rehearsed by Raoul. Raoul wrote his autobiography at a bittersweet moment in his life. While his personal fortune had been nearly wiped out by the stock market crash of October 1929, he clearly looked back on his career in the New South as a committed radical with delight as the Great Depression called into question the legitimacy of the capitalist system that he had long held responsible for his own professional failures in a variety of endeavors, from the cotton-mill industry to box-car building and from saw manufacturing to a practicing accountant. Raoul converted to Socialism in part to join what he regarded as society's most progressive and virile force. It is these two voices, the proletarian and the aristocrat, that are under examination here.
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Coetzee, Narista. "Die impak van publieke deelname op groot projekte : die beoogde Johannesburg-Pretoria sneltrein". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53378.
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Thesis (MS en S)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Public participation has already been a point of discussion from as early as 1960, with Arnstein's presentation of eight levels of participation. Various advantages and disadvantages have been published, but theorists agree that the advantages still overshadow the disadvantages. The United States have started much earlier than South Africa with the studies on public participation. It has been realised that public participation forms an integral part of the formal environmental impact assessment which succeeded the formal legislation of 1996. It is generally accepted that public participation is inseparable from the planning process. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of public participation on the planning of the Gautrain project, which is the intended rapid rail link between Johanesburg and Pretoria. It will be investigated whether the consult firm Bohlweki Environmental, that has been appointed to implement the environmental impact assessment of the Gautrain project, complied with the criteria to ensure public participation, and whether the public process made a difference to the planning of the project. It has been apparent that Bohlweki Environmental used various methods of involving the public - inter alia numerous public meetings that have been advertised in the press and elsewhere. From the public inputs changes have been made to the route of the train. These changes however, have made other people discontented. The research concludes with the finding that the public participation process of the environmental impact assessment had a positive influence on the planning of the project, even though everyone, due to the extend and the nature of the project, could not be satisfied, and that the study has been expensive and time consuming.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Publieke deelname was reeds 'n besprekingspunt van so vroeg as 1960 met Arnstein se voorstelling van agt deelnemingsvlakke. Oor die jare van navorsing is verskeie voordele en nadele van publieke deelname gepubliseer, maar teoretici is dit eens dat die voordele steeds die nadele oorskadu. In Suid-Afrika is daar veel later as in die Verenigde State studies oor publieke deelname begin. Ook hier is daar uiteindelik besef dat publieke deelname 'n onlosmaakbare deel van die formele omgewingsimpakstudie vorm en het die formele wetgewing in 1996 gevolg. Vandag word algemeen aanvaar dat publieke deelname en die beplanningsproses onafskeidbaar is. Die doel van hierdie werkstuk is om die impak van publieke deelname op die beplanning van die Gautrein projek te ondersoek - dit is die beoogde sneltrein tussen Johannesburg en Pretoria. Die vraag is of die konsultant firma Bohlweki Environmental, wat aangestel is om die omgewingsimpakstudie van die Gautreinprojek te loods, voldoen het aan die kriteria om publieke deelname te verseker, en of die publieke proses 'n verskil gemaak het aan die beplanning van die projek? Uit die analise het dit geblyk dat Bohlweki Environmental van verskeie metodes gebruik gemaak het om die publiek te betrek, onder andere talle publieke vergaderings wat goed geadverteer is in die pers en elders. As gevolg van die groot publieke inset is veranderinge aan die roete van die trein aangebring. Hierdie veranderinge het egter weer ander mense ontevrede gemaak. Die slotsom van die navorsing van hierdie werkstuk is dat die publieke deelname proses van die omgewingsimpakstudie wel 'n betekenisvolle positiewe uitwerking op die beplanning van die projek gehad het, alhoewel almal, uit die aard van die omvang van die projek, nie tevrede gestel kon word nie, en dat die studie duur en tydrowend was.
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Chlen-ChouChen i 陳建州. "Research on the Policy Communication of Constructing Underground Railroad in Tainan". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03208857275071915134.
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碩士國立成功大學
政治經濟研究所碩士在職專班
103
This thesis studies the policy communication on Tainan Urban District Railway Underground Project (also called Tainan Railway East Movement), especially policy communication effect. Policy communication includes two aspects: construction acceptability and compensation policy satisfaction. This thesis is based on these two aspects to discuss the formation of policy communication: planning and execution effects. This thesis is through interviews of policy stakeholders to understand the content of policy communication on Tainan Urban District Railway Underground Project, and also applies literary reviews method of social science, and in-depth interviews .,This study interviews 12 persons, including Officer of Department of Urban Development, Administration Clerk, member of self-help association, alderman, assistant of alderman, neighbor manager, Railway Engineering Technician , and relocates . This thesis finds that there are three problems on policy communication on Tainan Urban District Railway Underground Project. First, lack of diversification of communication on cut-cover method of tunneling. Second, ways of collecting relocates’ private property are not accepted by relocates. Third, compensation method is not accepted by some of relocates. For these 3 problems, this thesis proposes 3 policy suggestions. First, enhance study on the communication on construction policy. Second, aim at study on open information of land. Third, aim at study on diversified compensation mechanism. In short, for policy communication on Tainan Urban District Railway Underground Project, government should have diversified considerations and ways to diagnose the potential problems on public policy for better policy prescriptions.
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Wang, Hui Ching, i 王惠卿. "Analysis and Research of The Modernation of Mainland China Railroad--Use Railroad Construction of "The Eighth Five-year Plan" as an Example". Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59323202881753145096.
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Loubser, Richard Clive. "Influence of wagon structure on the vertical response of freight". Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4610.
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Historically, wagons have been designed according to the American Association of Railroads specifications. These require that wagons be designed to withstand a static load between the couplers of 350 tons. This implies that the structure has a certain stiffness. In order to improve load to tare ratio, there has been talk of reducing the end load specifications. This implies that the stiffness of the wagon will reduce. Using more flexible wagons implies that the freight will probably be exposed to a harsher dynamic environment. There is a trade off between the cost of packaging and the cost of protection devices installed in the vehicle. If handling damage can be prevented then an understanding of the dynamic environment will assist in reducing the packaging requirement. This research looked at the dynamic characteristics of an existing design of wagon using modal analysis. The results from the modal analysis were extended to be inputs to the time domain freight model. Various analytical models of the freight were developed depending on the configuration and dynamic properties. Special consideration was given to a cylinder with its axis transverse to the wagon. The modal model was modified to accommodate the change in mass imposed by the freight. The various sources of dynamic excitation were explored, namely inputs from the coupler and from the bogie. Data from shunting yard simulations were used to generate spectra as input to the wagon model. The objective was to use modal techniques to be able to take individual components, form them into a complete model and make informed decisions about the suitability of a certain configuration for traffic.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2002.
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Molenda, John Paul. "Historical Archaeologies of Overseas Chinese Laborers on the First Transcontinental Railroad". Thesis, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-33zv-z109.
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This dissertation relies on anthropological, historical, and archaeological research in order to describe the historical archaeologies associated with Chinese immigrants to the United States who worked on the first transcontinental railroad in the mid-nineteenth century. The region of focus in the High Sierras region to the west of Truckee, California, in and around the Tahoe National Forest
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cheng, kuo chin, i 郭晉誠. "Study of the Decision-Making Model for the Construction Methods of Railroad Track Ballast Tie". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22148298808334277033.
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Yu-ShengCheng i 鄭由聖. "Influence of Underground Construction on Groundwater Flow Regime-An Example of Underground Railroad in Tainan City, TAIWAN". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33991246464025716158.
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碩士國立成功大學
地球科學系碩博士班
100
This study adapts the groundwater flow numerical simulation computation procedure, MODFLOW, of the numerical software, GMS to simulate the influences of under-ground railroad construction for the Tainan metropolitan area on groundwater level distribution and flow regime. It was concluded that after the construction of under-ground railroad, the groundwater level rises in the east-side portion of the approaching tunnel, with decreasing groundwater level in the west-side portion of the approaching tunnel. The maximum difference of groundwater level changes may be as high as 3 meters. The groundwater level rises for the portion that is directly above the major tunnel section. According to the result of the numerical model simulation for the period between 2008 and 2010, it is realized that the under-ground railroad construction does change the groundwater level, however it will reach a certain steady state by going through dry and wet seasons in a long-term period.
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Majola, Lumko. "The optimisation of train make-up and train handling-simulating longitudinal train dynamics". Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9043.
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The South African rail industry is undergoing a phase of restructuring and much focus
is concentrated on re-engineering i.e. optimising the utilisation of available assets and
using existing technology in order to improve efficiency; attention shifts to improved
heavy haul asset management through train performance models.
The computer programs presented in this thesis have been developed to calculate
longitudinal in-train forces accruing in long heavy haul trains and their effect on train
operations. The model of the train is implemented by dedicated differential equations
for the movements of each vehicle. The simulation is menu driven for all input and
output decisions using Microsoft Excel while the engine for the dynamic analysis is
ACSL (Advanced Continuous Simulation Language).
The main program is capable of simulating the operation of any train configuration
over any route, including remote operation.
The thesis comprises: -
• a discussion on the need for alternative train configurations based on the current
fleet and the potential of such operating changes;
• the comparison of the dynamic response of trains operating with only head-end
locomotives, trains operating with both head-end locomotives and remote
locomotives and trains operating with different class locomotives in one
locomotive consist;
• the investigation of the lateral effects in the different train consists as a function of
the longitudinal in-train force in the simulation environment;
• the advantages of operating with remote locomotives in terms of increased train
length, reduced force spectrum on vehicle components and improved energy
consumption;
• the implications of the optimum position of the in-train locomotive consist on
loading and unloading operations;
• the implications of different train configurations on driver technique or train handling
and the need for an optimum driving strategy to gain maximum benefit
from the locomotives.Thesis (M.Sc.Eng)-University of Natal, Durban, 2000.
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"Infrastructure planning in China's polycentric region: a case study of the Pearl River Delta intercity railway". 2011. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5894863.
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Chen, Yanyan."Septembet 2011."
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-148).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Research Problem and Objective --- p.2
Chapter 1.3 --- Research Significance --- p.3
Chapter 1.4 --- Methodology --- p.5
Chapter 1.5 --- Organization of Thesis --- p.14
Chapter Chapter 2 --- State Rescaling and Regional Planning: Concepts and Issues in the Western Countries and China --- p.16
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.16
Chapter 2.2 --- The Reworking of State Power --- p.16
Chapter 2.3 --- The Rescaling Concept --- p.19
Chapter 2.4 --- "The State Rescaling Concept, Regional Development and Rescaling Process in Regions" --- p.24
Chapter 2.5 --- The Regional Scale of Politics: Expressions of State Rescaling --- p.29
Chapter 2.6 --- The State Restructuring and the Rise of Regions in China: A Review --- p.32
Chapter 2.7 --- Summary --- p.36
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Conceptualizing Spatial Planning as a Process of State rescaling: towards an Analytical Framework --- p.38
Chapter 3.1 --- Conceptualizing the Spatial Planning as a Process of State Rescaling --- p.38
Chapter 3.2 --- Regional Planning in China --- p.44
Chapter 3.3 --- Towards a Theoretical Framework --- p.53
Chapter 3.4 --- Summary --- p.58
Chapter Chapter 4 --- The State in Transition: A Need for Planning Coordination in Cross-boundary Railways --- p.61
Chapter 4.1 --- Changing Political Economy --- p.61
Chapter 4.2 --- Institutional Structure in Planning Regional Railways --- p.71
Chapter 4.3 --- Pearl River Delta: the Railway Planning Context --- p.82
Chapter 4.4 --- General Propositions on Planning Coordination of Regional Railways in China --- p.86
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Planning the Pearl River Delta Intercity Railway: Institutional Form and the Planning Mechanisms --- p.90
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.90
Chapter 5.2 --- Planning the PRD Intercity Railway: an Introduction of Three Planning Phases --- p.90
Chapter 5.3 --- The Planning Process of the PRD Intercity Railway: Interaction among Multiple Jurisdictions --- p.96
Chapter 5.4 --- The Scalar Changes of Central-provincial-local State: State Rescaling Process --- p.122
Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.128
Chapter 6.1 --- Major Findings --- p.128
Chapter 6.2 --- Suggestions for Further Studies --- p.133
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Yen, Chia-Cheng, i 顏嘉政. "Risk Allocation of Interfaces between Construction and Core System Contracts: A Case Study on Taiwan High Speed Railroad Project". Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81554928635178701490.
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碩士國立雲林科技大學
營建工程系碩士班
94
The public projects are normally involved with long-term contracts, and many interface concerns or risks are inherent with the design-planning and construction-handover phases. In order to avoid project risks, the owner would transfer all the uncertainties and liabilities to the contractors through contract clauses. However, to complete a complicate project, the owner must contract with different kinds of specialist contractors. Normally, there are at least two main contractors, construction contractors and core system contractors, need to be contracted with at the same time. Due to the natures of project uncertainties and unknown events, the issues related to unfair distribution of project risks by unfair and unreasonable contracts between the contracted parties become unavoidable. Especially, for a project of complicate infrastructure, the core system contractor and construction contractor may sometimes pass the requests concerning with ambiguous conditions of interfaces to each other through the owner by changing the design, or by modifying the works. In spite of reasonable or unreasonable requests, this situation always mutually causes both parties to face unexpected happenings and to suffer unknown risks. Also, for the both parties, it is not likely to exactly estimate the extra cost and time brought by the interface risks. Moreover, it is possible to make the damages of product quality and delay the whole project. Nevertheless, there are lots of problems concerning with the risk allocation in the engineering interfaces between construction and core system contracts. But, there is not any contract relationship between construction contractor and core system contractor. For this reason, there are few studies to present the issues of interface risks emerged by third party who has not contract relation but is one of important partners in jobsite. Until now, there are few methods to be studied and analyzed for contractors to make judgments and form consensus how to deal with these unfair and unreasonable phenomenon. Therefore, the main purposes of this study are to explore the problems of interface risks between construction and core system contracts, and to discuss the fair and reasonable risk allocation among project parties of owner, construction contractor and core system contractors. Firstly, this study tried to identify general risk factors between construction and core system contracts from the contract conditions concerning with risk allocation among the owner and contractors in the FIDIC, AIA, NEC, and ENAA. Second was to extract the criteria of risk taking by the parties of capability by comparing the contract conditions, and to find the reasonable risk distribution from the viewpoints of these criteria.Third was using a Fuzzy Ranking to rank the interface rsik factors between construction contractor and core system contractors. Finally, Taiwan High Speed Railroad Project was used as a case study by questionnaire and interview to examine the differences between the findings of the above mention and realities of the project execution. The results of this study can feedback to the infrastructure projects as a reference for each party in making an acceptable contract, let the contract be fair and reasonable so that the risks and disputes can be reduced, then the project can be processed smoothly.
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Chen, Pao-Hsiao, i 陳保先. "Research on the Construction Methods for Structures ThroughOperational Railroad－A Study on Mountain-Line Railwayof Taiwan Railway Administration(TRA)". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96332721947087234463.
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Mofokeng, Nondumiso Nomonde Radebe. "The influence of public participation in the development of a construction phase Environmental Management Plan following EIA: a case study of the Gautrain rail link". Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/22724.
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Mini-Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree Master of Science (Environmental Sciences) School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Witwatersrand
School: Mining Engineering (Centre For Sustainability In Mining And Industry)
26 January 2017The Gautrain Rapid Rail Link project is one of the biggest transport projects undertaken in South Africa. One of the unique features of this project was the manner in which public participation was conducted. There were two stages of public participation, one for the EIA process and the other for the EMP process. The research undertaken sought to study the influence of public participation on the development of mitigation measures in an EMP following EIA. The aim of the research project was to assess how the mitigation of environmental impacts, developed for an EMP during the construction phase, were affected by public participation, using the Gautrain Rail Link as a case study. When the comments were classified according to how they related to the different mitigation management plans it was found that the issues most commented on were those pertaining to public consultation and disclosure, noise vibration, visual/aesthetics, working hours, surface water, traffic as well as construction sites. Approximately 7% of the comments made by IAPs could be linked to specific changes to DFEMPs. Approximately 4% of the changes suggested by IAPs were rejected by Bombela. Prior to changes being made the DFEMP 2 had 238 targets; by the end on DFEMP5 the number of targets was 217 which reflected an 8.8% reduction. Prior to changes being made the DFEMP 2 had 789 method statements; by the end on DFEMP5 the number of method statements was 845 which reflected a 7.1% increase. These changes were mostly due to some of the targets being replaced by a “No complaints from the public” target and then the shifting of the previous targets into method statements. There was a change in the overall approach of mitigation targets to what could be viewed as more ‘people-orientated’ as opposed to mitigation that aimed to prevent adverse impacts to the environment. This was evident in the change of targets focusing on having no complaints from the public as opposed to setting targets that related to standards and specific environmental conditions. It was also found that the public input at the EMP stage could not have altered the mitigation strategy significantly but could have likely assisted in improving and refining the mitigation measures that had been selected. Public preference on the mitigation strategies applied was observed in the research as was the “Not In My Back Yard” phenomenon where the IAPs were more concerned with the impacts that directly affected their everyday lives and not the natural environment as a whole. It was noted that the input from the public resulted in valuable information being added and improved decision-making. It was found that the Independent Auditor’s comments resulted in the most evident changes in the DFEMPs. The public input process was able to highlight the feasibility and practicality of the targets set in the DFEMPs. It also gave IAPs an opportunity to voice their opinion on socioeconomic issues that they would otherwise not have been able to raise. A drawback from the public participation process was that the comments made by the IAPs were often repetitive which led to generic responses being given and also increased the likelihood of both IAP and developer participation fatigue. There was an agreement by all the interview participants for the need to EMP to be developed as continuous documents through the different phases of the project. Overall, the case study could add valuable input to the environmental management body of knowledge in South Africa.
MT2017
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Allen-Mossman, Anayvelyse. "Labor, Race & Visuality in Argentina’s Sugar Industry 1868-1904". Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-v83b-ks89.
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In Labor, Race & Visuality in Argentina’s Sugar Industry 1868-1904 I examine the relationship between racialization and mechanization in the growing sugar industry in Argentina’s northern province of Tucuman in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. I argue that the sugar industrial project yielded an important visual record which foregrounded machine labor at a time when demands on human labor reached a fever pitch. This emphasis on machine labor obscured the existing labor conditions in these industrial landscapes, which involved race-based forms of exploitation. I focus on the particular strategies (posing, framing, lighting and emplacement) that photographers and engravers used to incorporate workers into images of railroad construction sites, factories and plantations—in booster books and state reports related to the sugar industry. Reformers and state officials used these photographs to illustrate arguments that advocated the primacy of one race of worker—creole or European—over the other, and picture ideal labor conditions that contradicted the observations of critics at the time.
Laborers in these photographs were often discussed in terms of their capacity for industrial labor and categorized by race. Given the interdependence between the state and private capital on this industrial project, the distinction between creole, indigenous and European workers was not only believed central to the growth of the sugar industry but also to the unity of the nation-state. The photographic and textual records, including political speeches, express the importance of race as an unstable proxy for the forms and conditions of labor. Labor, Race & Visuality in Argentina’s Sugar Industry 1868-1904 is divided into three parts, each addressing the different relationships between the state and industry. In my first chapter, “The Instruments of a New Argentina,” I focus on railway photography depicting the construction of a project intended to connect the plantations of the North to the expansive littoral market. Here I focus on how the figure of the capitalist was instrumentalized by statesmen to argue for increased immigration from Europe as a means of industrializing the nation. In the second chapter, “Beyond the Frame,” I explore the graphic documentation of the sugar industry in Tucumán to show how the representation of masses of workers heralded the mass migration of European workers to Tucumán was an ultimately failed project—creole workers predominated in the industry, and in the images the heralded masses built only to a small crowd. Finally, in “His continuous force makes him the machine,” I examine how the first state-commissioned report on the working class depicted relationships between factory workers and the new industrial machines, aestheticizing European workers through their physical proximity to machines and creole workers through their capacity for machine-like labor.
Although many studies about labor and race in industrializing Argentina are historiographical and limited to particular regions, my approach is to mobilize the comparative history of visuality to situate imaginaries of capital within a national and hemispheric context. In addition, by setting my investigation in the context of the Caribbean and North America, my work compares the formation of capital across the Atlantic world and shows how these processes are key to the formation of the Argentine nation-state. By emphasizing the role of creole workers in industrial production, my dissertation challenges commonly-held focus on European immigration in narratives about industrialization and race in Argentina. My dissertation demonstrates that creole workers were in fact central to debates about industrialization and labor within the expanding Argentine nation-state, and that photography is a critical site for understanding how their role was minimized in state narratives.
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Zhou, Junlin. "Fiber-reinforced composite materials for coal transportation railcar bed". Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33324.
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The material properties of the candidate fiber-reinforced composite materials
and different fabrication methods for fiber composites were discussed. The
improvement of the hand lay-up process for polyurethane impregnated Kevlar was
investigated. Testing samples for lab and prototype tests were fabricated by hand lay-up
process. The study showed that fiber composites fabricated by the hand lay-up
process can achieve good properties, and advanced fabrication methods could be
applied In industrial manufacturing processes to improve the fiber composite
properties.
A nonlinear static analysis was discussed. The ANSYS finite element analysis
computer program was used to build stress analysis models, simulate the loading
conditions, and perform the nonlinear static analysis. The tensile strength proof test
was designed and done by using a microcomputer controlled Instron 4505. It showed
that the different types of fiber composites can meet the strength requirements for the
application. Polyurethane impregnated Kevlar showed the best strength properties
among the different types of fiber composites, which were fabricated and tested.
The wear and abrasion properties of the different types of fiber composites
were discussed and relevant tests were introduced. An ultraviolet light exposure test
and the Oregon Department of Transportation road-cover test were conducted.
Moisture and acid resistance and cost analysis were also discussed.
Based on the results of the study, a prediction of the optimal fiber-reinforced
composite materials was made. Also, various conclusions and recommendations for
future research work were made.Graduation date: 2000
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Lownes, Nicholas Earl. "The commuter rail circulator network design problem: formulation, solution methods, and applications". Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3352.
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Commuter rail is increasingly popular as a means to introduce rail transportation to metropolitan transportation systems. The long-term benefits of commuter rail include the addition of capacity to the transportation system, providing a quality commute alternative, and shifting land use toward transit-oriented development patterns. The success of a commuter rail system depends upon cultivating a ridership base upon which to expand and improve the system. Cultivating this ridership is dependent upon offering a quality transportation option to commuters. Characteristics of commuter rail systems in the United States present challenges to offering quality service that must be overcome. Commuter rail has been implemented only on existing rail right-of-way (ROW) and infrastructure (depending upon condition) in the United States. Existing rail ROW does not often coincide with current commercial and residential demand centers and necessitates the use of a circulator system to expand the service boundary of commuter rail to reach these demand centers. The commuter rail circulator network design problem (CRCNDP) addresses a particular aspect of the commuter rail trip, seeking to improve the performance of the entire system through accurately modeling the portion of the trip from rail station to the final destination. This final leg includes both the trip on the circulator vehicle and the walking trip from the circulator stop to the final destination. This dissertation seeks to provide an innovative mathematical programming formulation and solution methodology for the CRCNDP and apply this method to a case study.
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Perry, Jay Martin. "Shillelaghs, Shovels, and Secrets: Irish Immigrant Secret Societies and the Building of Indiana Internal Improvements, 1835-1837". Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2056.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)In the 1830s, Indiana undertook an ambitious internal improvements program, building the state’s first railroad and multiple canals. To complete the projects, Indiana used Irish immigrant laborers. The Irish laborers developed a reputation for brawling amongst themselves, highlighted by a riot involving 600 laborers working on the Wabash and Erie Canal in 1835. Multiple volumes of Indiana history identify the Wabash and Erie riot as a one-time event inspired by Protestant and Catholic animosity imported from Ireland. A review of the historical record, however, contradicts these long-held assumptions. Inspired by Irish traditions of faction fighting and peasant secret societies, Irish immigrant laborers formed secret societies that used violence against competitors in hopes of securing access to internal improvement jobs for their own membership. The rival secret societies, the Corkonians and the Fardowns, organized based on their provincial origins in Ireland. Examples of Corkonian and Fardown violence occurred throughout the country. In Indiana, a pattern of Corkonian and Fardown conflict resulted in skirmishes on at least three different construction sites between 1835 and 1837. In contrast to the traditional narrative, the Corkonians and Fardowns were both pioneers of the first wave of large-scale Irish Catholic immigration whose rivalry centered on job protection and economic grievances.
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Dias, João Filipe Gonçalves. "Ruído ocupacional na construção ferroviária e a sua repercussão na saúde dos trabalhadores". Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/82171.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Saúde Ocupacional apresentada à Faculdade de MedicinaA saúde e o bem-estar no local de trabalho são dois dos principais pré-requisitos para o alcance de uma boa produtividade e de um bom desempenho. Deste modo, o ruído ocupacional é um fator de grande importância nos últimos anos na saúde ocupacional, sendo este uma questão central e de crescente interesse que pode ter influência na saúde, conforto, bem-estar e produtividade. Apesar de existirem diversas investigações no sentido de o avaliar, são poucas as desenvolvidas na construção ferroviária. Na construção ferroviária, o ruído está presente em quase todos os processos/etapas afetando todos os trabalhadores. Este estudo consiste numa avaliação da exposição ao ruído por parte dos trabalhadores que laboram numa empresa de construção ferroviária e comparação com os níveis de pressão sonora legislados. Adicionalmente, pretende-se avaliar quais os efeitos deste ruído na saúde dos trabalhadores e qual a sua perceção relativamente ao mesmo. Para atingir estes objetivos, efetuou-se um estudo não experimental de carácter descritivo e transversal, que incidiu sobre 38 trabalhadores de uma empresa de construção ferroviária. A elaboração do estudo foi efetuada através de 3 fases distintas: a realização de medições dos níveis sonoros emitidos nas várias frentes de obra, a distribuição de um questionário aos trabalhadores e por fim avaliação da exposição dos trabalhadores, considerando o tempo de trabalho nos diferentes locais e respetivos equipamentos.No decorrer da análise verificou-se que maioria dos grupos de trabalho estão expostos a níveis de ruído superiores ao limite estipulado por lei e, que a utilização de protetores auditivos confere uma atenuação do ruído para valores abaixo do limite inferior legislado. Os trabalhadores em estudo têm noção da intensidade do ruído a que estão expostos e da importância da proteção contra o mesmo. Com os resultados obtidos destaca-se a importância da elaboração de um plano corretivo ao nível do ruído.
Health and welfare at the work place are two of the main requirements for achieving a good productivity and performance. When it comes to occupational health, noise exposure is a matter that has gained greater importance during the last years, it’s a central issue of growing interest that has direct influence in the health, comfort, well-being and productivity. Many investigational work has been done over the matter of occupational noise, but few target specifically railroad construction. In railroad building sites, noise is present in almost all processes / steps affecting the entire workforce. The present study consists in the evaluation of noise exposure of the people working in a company dedicated to railroad construction and it’s comparison to the legal levels. Additionally, it’s evaluated the effects noise exposure can have the workers’ health and their corresponding perception to it. A descriptive non-experimental cross-sectional study has been made using a sample of 38 workers of a railroad construction company. The study was conducted in 3 different phases: measuring the noise level emitted in all areas of the construction site; distribution of a questionnaire for the workers and lastly evaluation of the workers noise exposure, considering work time in different locations and usage of different equipment. Analyzing the results it is possible to confirm that most working groups are exposed to noise levels above the legal limit and, that the usage of hearing protectors decreases their exposure to levels below the legal lower limit. The workers who participated in this study are aware of the intensity of noise their subjected to and the importance of using hearing protection. The results of this study also suggest that it’s of major importance the immediate creation and implementation of a correction plan to mitigate noise exposure.
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Pinto, Miguel Faria Rocha. "Bridging the divide: a creativity hub in Alexandra’s Marlboro Gautrain precinct". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9684.
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M.Tech. (Architectural Technology)Alexandra's Far East Bank, formerly an apartheid buffer zone, is caught up in a reactive process by government to provide both housing and public transport. This process has resulted in a segregated relationship between the Marlboro Gautrain Station and the adjacent Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) housing scheme. The station is completely cut off from the immediate community by a perimeter fence with 24-hour security. This further entrenches the division between the Gautrain commuters and surrounding community. This forced physical relationship sets up an opportunity to design and create a space that aims to straddle the current socioeconomic gap. After on-site investigation and research, a This project would be the first catalytic response to the City of Johannesburg’s Regional Spatial Development Framework (RSDF) for Region E (CoJ 2009/10: 149). The
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Ngobeni, Nhlamulo. "Kliptown CBD ‘Bridge’: an architectural intervention enhancing the physical & socio-economic integration of Freedom Square, Kliptown informal settlement and Kliptown CBD, Johannesburg". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10056.
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M.Tech. (Architectural Technology)This dissertation is rooted within the process of analysing and understanding the dynamics of the context, from which principles can be drawn. The project is founded with the aim to address the harsh edges between Kliptown informal settlement and Kliptown CBD, which are physically separated by railway tracks. This dissertation identifies the context as the ‘bank’ of design informants. Thus it forces the author to undergo a critical analysis of the context. The proposed site (Kliptown) forms a comprehensive layer of history, which has over time influenced both physical development and movement of the site. The project propose a physical intervention in a form of a bridge over the railway tracks in attempt to connect the two areas. The author engaged with the context to establish program for the architectural intervention. The education gap was established within the informal settlement, which was then used to establish the program for the intervention. The average shack size of 15 square meters is never enough for learners to do they school work after schooling hours, thus the proposed programme of the physical bridge forms part of the bridging concept. The program is more about bridging the educational gap within the context.