Artykuły w czasopismach: „Radishes”

1

Li, Xiaoman, Jinglei Wang, Yang Qiu, Haiping Wang, Peng Wang, Xiaohui Zhang, Caihua Li i in. "SSR-Sequencing Reveals the Inter- and Intraspecific Genetic Variation and Phylogenetic Relationships among an Extensive Collection of Radish (Raphanus) Germplasm Resources". Biology 10, nr 12 (30.11.2021): 1250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10121250.

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Raphanus has undergone a lengthy evolutionary process and has rich diversity. However, the inter- and intraspecific phylogenetic relationships and genetic diversity of this genus are not well understood. Through SSR-sequencing and multi-analysis of 939 wild, semi-wild and cultivated accessions, we discovered that the European wild radish (EWR) population is separated from cultivated radishes and has a higher genetic diversity. Frequent intraspecific genetic exchanges occurred in the whole cultivated radish (WCR) population; there was considerable genetic differentiation within the European cultivated radish (ECR) population, which could drive radish diversity formation. Among the ECR subpopulations, European primitive cultivated radishes (EPCRs) with higher genetic diversity are most closely related to the EWR population and exhibit a gene flow with rat-tail radishes (RTRs) and black radishes (BRs)/oil radishes (ORs). Among Asian cultivated radishes (ACRs), Chinese big radishes (CBRs) with a relatively high diversity are furthest from the EWR population, and most Japanese/Korean big radishes (JKBRs) are close to CBR accessions, except for a few old Japanese landraces that are closer to the EPCR. The CBR and JKBR accessions are independent of RTR accessions; however, phylogenetic analysis indicates that the RTR is sister to the clade of CBR (including JWR), which suggests that the RTR may share the most recent common ancestry with CBRs and JWRs. In addition, Japanese wild radishes (JWRs), (namely, R. sativus forma raphanistroides) are mainly scattered between CBRs and EPCRs in PCoA analysis. Moreover, JWRs have a strong gene exchange with the JKBR, OR and RTR subpopulations. American wild radishes (AWRs) are closely related to European wild and cultivated radishes, and have a gene flow with European small radishes (ESRs), suggesting that the AWR developed from natural hybridization between the EWR and the ESR. Overall, this demonstrates that Europe was the origin center of the radish, and that Europe, South Asia and East Asia appear to have been three independent domestication centers. The EPCR, AWR and JWR, as semi-wild populations, might have played indispensable transitional roles in radish evolution. Our study provides new perspectives into the origin, evolution and genetic diversity of Raphanus and facilitates the conservation and exploitation of radish germplasm resources.

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2

Carlson, Diana G., M. E. Daxenbichler, C. H. VanEtten, C. B. Hill i P. H. Williams. "Glucosinolates in Radish Cultivars". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 110, nr 5 (wrzesień 1985): 634–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.110.5.634.

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Abstract Intact roots of 109 radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cultivars were analyzed for glucosinolates (GS’s) and found to contain primarily 4-methylthio-3-butenyl-GS with small amounts of 4-methylsulfinylbutyl-, 4-methylsulfinyl-3-butenyl-, and 3-indolylmethyl-GS’s. Cultivars included oil radishes (ssp. oleifera) and food radishes (ssp. radicola) available in European, European-American, Japanese, and Korean markets. Regarding total GS’s, 80% or more of the red European-American radishes had 100-199 pmole/100 g, the Korean 100-299, and the Japanese 200-399. No correlation was found between root size and 4-methylthio-3-butenyl-, 3-indolylmethyl-, or total GS’s. Japanese radish peelings contained significantly greater concentrations of these 3 constituents than did the peeled root.

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3

Sanchez, C. A., H. Y. Ozaki, K. Schuler i M. Lockhart. "Nitrogen Fertilization of Radishes on Histosols: Response and 15N Recovery". HortScience 26, nr 7 (lipiec 1991): 865–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.7.865.

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Experiments were conducted from 1985 to 1989 to evaluate the response of radishes (Raphanus sativus L.) to N fertilization on Histosols. Three of these experiments used 15N-labeled fertilizer to evaluate the recovery of N by radishes. There was no response to N fertilization in seven of the eight experiments, even though some of them were conducted under conditions of high rainfall. The one experiment in which radish yields increased with N was conducted in a poorly drained, waterlogged field that was atypical of normal radish production fields. Recoveries of fertilizer N in the marketable radish roots averaged 19%. The results of N and 15N analysis showed that although fertilizer N was available for uptake, so was an ample amount of soil mineralized N. These results indicate that under typical growing conditions, radishes produced on Florida Histosols do not respond to N fertilization.

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4

Manivannan, Abinaya, Jin-Hee Kim, Do-Sun Kim, Eun-Su Lee i Hye-Eun Lee. "Deciphering the Nutraceutical Potential of Raphanus sativus—A Comprehensive Overview". Nutrients 11, nr 2 (14.02.2019): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11020402.

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Raphanus sativus (Radish) belongs to the Brassicaceae family and is a widely consumed root vegetable all around the world. The nutritional and medicinal values of radishes have been proven by several researches. Extracts prepared from the aerial and underground parts of radishes have been used in the treatment of stomach disorders, urinary infections, hepatic inflammation, cardiac disorders and ulcers in folk medicine since the ancient times. The pharmaceutical potential of radishes is attributed to the presence of its beneficial secondary metabolites, such as glucosinolates, polyphenols and isothiocyanates. The present review has focused on the impact of radish extract administration under pathological complications, such as cancer, diabetes, hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress. In addition, a comprehensive view of molecular mechanism behind the regulation of molecular drug targets associated with different types of cancers and diabetes by the bioactive compounds present in the radish extracts have been discussed in detail.

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Chae, Seung-Hun, O. New Lee, Han Yong Park i Kang-Mo Ku. "Seasonal Effects of Glucosinolate and Sugar Content Determine the Pungency of Small-Type (Altari) Radishes (Raphanus sativus L.)". Plants 11, nr 3 (25.01.2022): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11030312.

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Kimchi made from small-type (Altari) radishes grown in late spring is more pungent than that made from autumn-grown Altari radishes, which poses a major challenge in the kimchi industry. The mechanism through which the pungency of Altari radish changes seasonally has not been intensively investigated. In this study, three small-type radish cultivars with different pungency levels were cultivated in spring and autumn to identify the factors affecting the seasonal-dependent pungency of small-type radishes. The contents of pungency-related metabolite glucoraphasatin and other polar metabolites were analyzed. Although a previous study reported that the glucoraphasatin concentration affects the pungency of radish, in the current study, the concentration of neither glucoraphasatin nor its hydrolysis product (raphasatin) could fully explain the change in the pungency associated with radish cultivars grown in the two seasons. The change in the pungency of radish by season may be explained by the ratio of raphasatin content to total sweetness of sugars. In addition, the polar metabolites that differ with season were analyzed to identify seasonal biomarkers and understand the seasonal changed physio-biochemistry.

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Schreiner, Monika, Angelika Krumbein, Ilona Schonhof, Stefanie Widell i Susanne Huyskens-Keil. "Quality Determination of Red Radish by Nondestructive Root Color Measurement". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 128, nr 3 (maj 2003): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.128.3.0397.

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A new approach for nondestructive quality assessment based on color measurement was developed for red radishes (Raphanus sativus L.). Postharvest changes in hue angle corresponded with changes in soluble and insoluble pectic substances linked to textural characteristics in `Nevadar' radishes. Changes in glucosinolates were related to changes in chroma and were associated with radish flavor. However, monosaccharides were not related to root color during the 4 days of postharvest period. Nevertheless, the data suggest that root color may be used as a rapid, inexpensive and reliable indicator of quality during the postharvest distribution of radish.

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7

Sujata Bhatt. "Radishes". Sirena: poesia, arte y critica 2010, nr 1 (2010): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sir.0.0246.

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Januskaitiene, Irena. "Effects of substrate acidity and UV-B radiation on photosynthesis of radishes". Open Life Sciences 6, nr 4 (1.08.2011): 624–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-011-0027-7.

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AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the combined effect of substrate acidity (pH 4.8; pH 3.8) and 1 kJm−2d−1 UV-B radiation on photosynthesis and growth of radishes (Raphanus sativus L.). Radishes were sown in a neutral pH 6.5 peat substrate. When the second true leaf unfolded, the growth substrate was acidified using different concentration of H2SO4 and exposed to UV-B radiation for a period of ten days. Gas exchange parameters were measured with the LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system. Content of chlorophyll was evaluated spectrophotometrically. The results showed that the greatest inhibition of net photosynthesis was observed when radishes were grown in an acidified pH 3.8 substrate. The decrease of the photosynthesis of radish plants treated with both investigated factors (substrate acidity and UV-B) were lower compared to the effect of substrate acidity alone. UV-B radiation stimulated both enzymatic reactions of photosynthesis and water use efficiency of radish plants grown in acidified peat substrates. Also, investigated factors had higher impact on biomass of tuber than biomass of foliage.

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9

Davies, Martin J. "Resistant radishes". Trends in Biotechnology 19, nr 10 (październik 2001): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7799(01)01824-8.

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Bruce Cohen. "Radishes & Frankfurters". Antioch Review 74, nr 2 (2016): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.7723/antiochreview.74.2.0402.

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Unger, J. Marshall. "Two Japanese Vegetable Names Borrowed From Korean". Korean Linguistics 14 (1.01.2008): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/kl.14.10jmu.

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Abstract. Neither J suzuna 'turnip' nor suzusiro 'radish' has a good J-internal etymology. But suzuna is similar in form to OK *swuy 'turnip' + *s + *no 'greens'. Likewise, suzusiro resembles OK *swuy + *s + *silay 'radish' (cf. silayki 'dried radish leaves'). Since turnips and radishes in China go back only about 2500 years and are known to have originated farther west, J suzuna and suzusiro are likely to be phrases borrowed into Japanese from Korean in proto-historic times.

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12

Hoelldampf, Baerbel, i Allen V. Barker. "MINERAL NUTRITION OF RED SPRUCE SEEDLINGS IN AN ACIDIC FOREST SOIL". HortScience 27, nr 11 (listopad 1992): 1158e—1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.11.1158e.

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Coniferous forest trees showing chlorosis and dieback appear to be deficient in Ca and Mg. These deficiencies may be induced by nitrogenous nutrients borne in the atmosphere. This study assessed the roles of nitrogen nutrition and soil on nutrient accumulation by red spruce (Picea rubens, Sarg.) and radishes (Raphanus sativus, L.). Plants were grown in the greenhouse in acid O or A horizons (Typic Haplorthod) collected from a red spruce forest. Plants were grown with a complete nutrient solution with 15 mM N of which NH4 was 0, 3.75, 7.5, 11.25, or 15 mM with the remainder being NO3-. After 120 days, the spruce needles became chlorotic with 11.25 or 15 mM NH4. Radishes exhibited NH4-toxicity after 28 days. Radishes were larger in the O horizon than in the A horizon. As NH4 was increased, radishes had lesser dry weights and accumulated less foliar Ca. Foliar Ca also was lower in spruce with the higher NH4. Magnesium concentrations in leaves of red spruce and radishes were not affected significantly by increasing NH4 supply. Radishes are suitable indicator plants to study the effect of nitrogen form on mineral nutrition of spruce because each species responded similarly to the treatments.

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13

Garcia, H., i R. Palacio. "A novel method to test for lead contamination in soil around US schools". International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 10, nr 1 (7.07.2020): 94–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v10i1.48099.

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It has been rumored that soils around schools in the US are contaminated with lead, which is known to be harmful to children, and is known to inhibit plant growth. The purpose of this study is to investigate the growth of plants in soil sampled from US schools to see if decreased plant growth can indicate lead contamination before testing is done. After comparing the time until germination, height, and root length of radishes grown in soil from the surrounding area of the school to that of those grown in uncontaminated soil, we found that radishes grown in soil from schools germinated at a rate 38% slower than radishes grown in uncontaminated soil (HR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.33-1.2, Ptrend = 0.13). The mean radish heights between the two groups were also found to be significantly different (p = 0.12). Decreased plant growth may serve as an indicator for soil contamination before other laboratory tests are done. It is recommended that further testing for lead and other toxins should be conducted on the soil of the surrounding area, and larger studies with multiple species of plants should be conducted to see if these trends could be applied to the general plant population around schools. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(1): 94-96, June 2020

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14

Matsubara, Sachiko, i Hegazi H. Hegazi. "Plant Regeneration from Hypocotyl Callus of Radish". HortScience 25, nr 10 (październik 1990): 1286–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.10.1286.

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Callus initiation and growth and plantlet regeneration were studied using eight cultivars of Raphanus sativus L., including six Japanese radishes, one Chinese and one small `Comet' radish. The basal medium was composed of Murashige and Skoog inorganic salts, 2.0 mg myo-inositol/liter, 0.5 mg each of nicotinic acid and pyridoxine·HCl/liter, and 0.1 mg thiamine·HCl/liter, 30 g sucrose and 2 g Gelrite/liter. High callus yields were obtained on basal medium containing (mg·liter-1) 0.1 2,4-D and 1.0 BA for two Japanese radishes and 0.1 NAA and 1.0 kinetin for `Comet' radish. Shoots were regenerated from callus by subculturing on basal medium containing 0.1 or 1.0 mg BA/liter and then transferring to basal medium. Rooting occurred on basal medium. Although callus was obtained in all eight cultivars, shoots and plantlets were regenerated only from `Moriguchi', `Nerima Shirinaga', and `Comet'. Chemical names used: 2-(l-naphthyl) acetic acid (NAA); N-(phenylmethyl)-lH-purine-6-amine (BA); 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D); 6-(furfurylamino)purine (kinetin).

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15

Stebbins, Nathan B., Luke R. Howard, Ronald L. Prior, Cindi Brownmiller, Rohana Liyanage i Jackson O. Lay. "Formation, Tentative Mass Spectrometric Identification, and Color Stability of Acetaldehyde-Catalyzed Condensation of Red Radish (Raphanus sativus) Anthocyanins and (+) Catechin". Beverages 5, nr 4 (8.11.2019): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages5040064.

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Red radish anthocyanins are relatively stable due to the acylation of anthocyanins with organic and phenolic acid moieties. The objective of this study was to create and identify a novel ethyl-bridged acylated anthocyanin with a stable violet color from red radishes in the presence of acetaldehyde and catechin. After incubation at ambient temperature for one week at 21 °C the reaction mixture with acetaldehyde and catechin turned from bright red to a vivid purple color. The newly formed compounds were tentatively identified with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Color stability (CIE L*C*h) was monitored over six months at 21 °C and anthocyanin stability was evaluated by HPLC. Next, radishes were fermented by Zymomonas mobilis, a high acetaldehyde producing bacteria. Natural sources of catechin were used to replace the catechin standard, but the same purple color did not appear with the addition of cocoa powder or fava beans. The ethyliden-bridged radish anthocyanins possess excellent color stability and could serve as a natural food colorant.

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del Aguila, Juan Saavedra, Fabiana Fumi Sasaki, Lília Sichmann Heiffig, Edwin Moisés Marcos Ortega, Marcos José Trevisan i Ricardo Alfredo Kluge. "Effect of antioxidants in fresh cut radishes during the cold storage". Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 51, nr 6 (grudzień 2008): 1217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132008000600017.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of antioxidants in the cold storage of fresh cut radishes. The shredded roots were submerged in the respective treatments during 3 min (ascorbic acid or citric acid) and stored at 5ºC and 90% RH during 10 days. The radish treated with ascorbic acid showed the higher respiratory rate in the first 4 h after the processing during the storage. The content of total soluble solids (TSS) was significantly higher in the treatment with citric acid. There was an increase in the content of ascorbic acid after two day of storage in the treatments with this antioxidant. The values of lightness (L*) were decreasing along the storage. Citric acid treatments caused strongly red coloration in the minimally processed roots. None of the treatments avoided the browning of the shredded radishes during the cold storage.

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Yamagishi, Hiroshi, i Toru Terachi. "Multiple origins of cultivated radishes as evidenced by a comparison of the structural variations in mitochondrial DNA of Raphanus". Genome 46, nr 1 (1.02.2003): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g02-110.

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Configurations of mitochondrial coxI and orfB gene regions were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in three wild and one cultivated species of Raphanus. A total of 207 individual plants from 60 accessions were used. PCR with five combinations of primers identified five different amplification patterns both in wild and cultivated radishes. While the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) type of Ogura male-sterile cytoplasm was distinguishable from the normal type, the mtDNAs of normal radishes were further classified into four types. The variations were common to wild and cultivated radishes, although contrasting features were found depending on the region of cultivation. These results provide evidence that cultivated radishes have multiple origins from various wild plants of Raphanus.Key words : Raphanus sativus, origin, PCR, mitochondrial coxI.

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Kong, Ling, Min Zhang, Yuchuan Wang, Benu Adhikari i Zaixing Yang. "Evaluation of heating uniformity in radio frequency heating systems using carrot and radish". International Agrophysics 30, nr 4 (1.10.2016): 465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/intag-2016-0011.

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Abstract Lack of heating uniformity is a major problem impeding the broader adaptation of radio frequency heaters in industrial applications. The overall aim of this study was to evaluate the uniformity of heating or temperature distribution within food samples (three different carrot and one radish rectangles) placed vertically and horizontally within a radio frequency heating cavity. The intensity of the electric field in radio frequency was found to be symmetrical. The temperatures at the vertically top positions were lower than the vertically bottom positions at the equidistance from the vertical center with the highest was at the vertically central position. The rate of temperature rise at all the positions were higher in taller (higher mass) than the shorter (lower mass) rectangles of carrots. The temperatures at the corners and edges were lower than at the cross sectionally central positions at all the heights tested in both carrots and radishes. The rate of temperature rise at all the vertical positions was higher in radish rectangles than in the carrot rectangles of the same dimensions. The similarity of temperature distribution in carrot and radish rectangles suggested that the heating patterns and uniformity in carrots and radishes in RF heating were almost the same.

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Yang, Min, Chih-Yao Hou, Hsien-Yi Hsu, Sulfath Hakkim Hazeena, Shella Permatasari Santoso, Cheng-Chia Yu, Chao-Kai Chang, Mohsen Gavahian i Chang-Wei Hsieh. "Enhancing Bioactive Saponin Content of Raphanus sativus Extract by Thermal Processing at Various Conditions". Molecules 27, nr 23 (22.11.2022): 8125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238125.

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Pickled radish (Raphanus sativus) is a traditional Asian ingredient, but the traditional method takes decades to make this product. To optimize such a process, this study compared the saponin content of pickled radishes with different thermal processing and traditional processes (production time of 7 days, 10 years, and 20 years) and evaluated the effects of different thermal processes on the formation of radish saponin through kinetics study and mass spectrometry. The results showed that increasing the pickling time enhanced the formation of saponin in commercial pickled radishes (25 °C, 7 days, 6.50 ± 1.46 mg g−1; 3650 days, 23.11 ± 1.22 mg g−1), but these increases were lower than those induced by thermal processing (70 °C 30 days 24.24 ± 1.01 mg g−1). However, it was found that the pickling time of more than 10 years and the processing temperature of more than 80 °C reduce the saponin content. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis showed that the major saponin in untreated radish was Tupistroside G, whereas treated samples contained Asparagoside A and Timosaponin A1. Moreover, this study elucidated the chemical structure of saponins in TPR. The findings indicated that thermal treatment could induce functional saponin conversion in plants, and such a mechanism can also be used to improve the health efficacy of plant-based crops.

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Wang, Chien Y. "Methyl Jasmonate Inhibits Postharvest Sprouting of Radishes". HortScience 33, nr 3 (czerwiec 1998): 458b—458. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.458b.

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Treatment of topped radishes (Raphanus sativus L., cv. Cherry Belle) with methyl jasmonate was effective in inhibiting postharvest sprouting of new leaves and the growth of roots. Radishes were trimmed to 10-mm tops and dipped in various methyl jasmonate suspensions for 3 min. After storage at 15 °C for 7 days, the growths of new leaves were 26, 22, 7, 3, and 1 mm in 0, 10–5, 10–4, 10–3, or 2 × 10–3 M methyl jasmonate-treated radishes, respectively. The lengths of root growth were also reduced by methyl jasmonate particularly at higher concentrations. These treatments also substantially reduced weight loss possibly as a secondary effect. Fumigation with methyl jasmonate vapor in enclosed containers was also effective in inhibiting the sprouting of leaves and root growth, but to a lesser extent than dipping treatments. Radishes stored at 0 °C did not show any new growth of leaves or roots, and therefore were not affected by the methyl jasmonate treatments.

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Shevchuk, Oksana, Olena Khodanitska, Victoria Verhelis i Olha Vatamanyuk. "FEATURES OF GROWTH PROCESSES AND PRODUCTIVITY OF RADISH PLANTS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF RETARDANTS". Agriculture and Forestry, nr 2 (30.10.2020): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2020-2-4.

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The increase of the plants resistance to unfavorable environmental factors while increasing productivity plants is one of the perspective ways in vegetable growing. The purpose of our research was to highlight the results of studies of the regulation of growth processes and productivity of radish plants under the influence of drugs with retardant action - chlormequatchloride and ethephon. Our studies were performed on radishes of the Zorya variety. Radish plants were treated in the phase of formation of two leaves with 0.25% solution of ethephon and 0.25% solution of chlormequatchloride until complete wetting of the leaves. The control plants were treated with water. During the research the morphometric parameters of plants, leaf surface area, yield and chlorophyll content in plant leaves were determined. The use of retardants ethephon (0.25%) and chlormequatchloride (0.25%) on Zorya radish plants in the phase of 2-leaf formation caused the important changes in plant morphogenesis. It was established that plant height decreased, mass of the leaf and root enlarged, the area of leaf surface increased. Treatment of plants with ethyleneproducent ethephon (0.25%) inhibited growth of plant by 19% in height. The use of retardant chlormequatchloride (0.25%) inhibited growth by 4%. It was investigated that the use of retardants increased the number and weight of leaves in comparison with the control radish plants. Under the action of ethephon (0.25%) these indicators increased by 14% and 5%, accordingly, and under chlormequatchloride (0.25%) treatments - by 14% and 22%. It was found that the use of retardants increased the leaf surface area of radish plants. The leaf area increased by 22% when were treated with chlormequatchloride. The use of ethephon was less effective, because this parameter increased by only 11%. The use of growth regulators had a positive effect on the productivity of radish plants. The application of ethephon increased the weight of radish roots by 15%, the use of chlormequatchloride caused the enlarging weight of radish roots by 28%. Key words: morphogenesis, leaf surface area, productivity, retardants, radishes.

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Dixon, Bernard. "Radishes, cows, and rabbit fever". Lancet Infectious Diseases 6, nr 11 (listopad 2006): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(06)70609-0.

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John, Susan, Farid Abou-Issa i Karl H. Hasenstein. "Space Flight Cultivation for Radish (Raphanus sativus) in the Advanced Plant Habitat". Gravitational and Space Research 9, nr 1 (1.01.2021): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2021-0010.

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Abstract In preparation of a flight experiment, ground-based studies for optimizing the growth of radishes (Raphanus sativus) were conducted at the ground-based Advanced Plant Habitat (APH) unit at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida. The APH provides a large, environmentally controlled chamber that has been used to grow various plants, such as Arabidopsis, wheat, peppers, and now radish. In support of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s goals to provide astronauts with fresh vegetables and fruits in a confined space, it is important to extend the cultivation period to produce substantial biomass. We selected Raphanus sativus cv. Cherry Belle as test variety both for preliminary tests and flight experiments because it provides edible biomass in as few as four weeks, has desirable secondary metabolites (glucosinolates), is rich in minerals, and requires relatively little space. We report our strategies to optimize the growth substrate, watering regimen, light settings, and planting design that produces good-sized radishes, minimizes competition, and allows for easy harvesting. This information will be applicable for growth optimization of other crop plants that will be grown in the APH or other future plant growth facilities.

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González-Pernas, Francisco Miguel, Cristina Grajera-Antolín, Olivia García-Cámara, María González-Lucas, María Teresa Martín, Sergio González-Egido i Juan Luis Aguirre. "Effects of Biochar on Biointensive Horticultural Crops and Its Economic Viability in the Mediterranean Climate". Energies 15, nr 9 (6.05.2022): 3407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093407.

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The effects of biochar on different horticultural crops (lettuce, tomato, sweet pepper, and radish) were evaluated in the Mediterranean climate. Biochar was produced by pyrolysis of Pinus pinaster wood chips at 550 °C and used at 1 (B1) and 2 (B2) kg/m2 application rates on six 3.5 m2 plots in each treatment, with two control plots (B0). No fertilizer was used. Treatment B1 led to a significant increase (p < 0.01) of 35.4%, 98.1%, 28.4%, and 35.2% in the mean fresh weight of radishes, lettuce, tomatoes, and sweet peppers, respectively. Treatment B2 resulted in an improvement of 70.7% in radishes, 126.1% in lettuce, 38.4% in tomatoes, and 95.0% in sweet peppers (p < 0.01). Significant differences between treatments B1 and B2 were observed in the radish, tomato, and sweet pepper crops but not in lettuce. The profitability of biochar application to these crops was studied by considering a biochar price of 800 EUR/t and applying a CO2 fixation subsidy, assuming the updated February 2022 price (90 EUR/t). In lettuce, tomato, and sweet pepper crops, the investment payback period was approximately one year. Application of biochar generated economic benefit either from the first harvest or in the second year. In radish, this period was longer than two years; however, an increase in the annual frequency of cultivation should be studied to optimize the benefit. The dose that provided the greatest benefit was B1 (for all crops, except for sweet pepper). Biochar considerably improved fruit and vegetable yield under the Mediterranean climate; however, further studies are needed to assess the effects of biochar on soil properties and yield to estimate long-term environmental and economic benefits.

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Zappia, Angela, Angelica Spanti, Rossella Princi, Valeria Imeneo i Amalia Piscopo. "Evaluation of the Efficacy of Antioxidant Extract from Lemon By-Products on Preservation of Quality Attributes of Minimally Processed Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)". Antioxidants 12, nr 2 (20.01.2023): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020235.

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The aim of this work was to enhance the use of a food-grade antioxidant extract obtained from lemon processing byproducts (peel, pulp and seeds) to extend the shelf life of minimally processed radishes. The extract (LPE) was previously characterized in terms of total phenolic (6.75 ± 0.34 mg GAE g−1 d.w.) and flavonoid content (2.04 ± 0.09 mg CE g−1 d.w.) and antioxidant activity, and eriocitrin and hesperidin were identified as the most prevalent phenolic compounds by a UHPLC system. The effects of different dipping aqueous solutions (UCR, DRa, DRb) and alginate-based edible coating formulations (CRc, CRd) with and without the antioxidant extract were studied on the quality parameters of minimally processed radishes, characterized regarding their microbiological and physicochemical characteristics for up to 14 days at 3 °C. The coating formulated with LPE delayed the radish respiration process, as well as resulting in less color variation (ΔE < 3) and reduced mesophilic aerobic count values (4.49 ± 1.43 log CFU g−1), proving the effectiveness of LPE as a value-added ingredient in developing post-harvest strategies to prolong the shelf life of minimally processed vegetables. Indeed, coated samples without the extract showed a clear development of rotting, which led to the end of their shelf life on their 7th day of storage.

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Gore, Paul A., i Cameron J. Camp. "A Radical Poster Session". Teaching of Psychology 14, nr 4 (grudzień 1987): 243–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top1404_18.

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In the field of psychology, poster sessions have a history of being an easy and efficient way to present data. Recently, the poster session has been introduced in the classroom. For the last 2 years, we have used a poster session as an integral part of an undergraduate experimental design course. Principles of experimental design are demonstrated when undergraduates design and conduct original experiments using radishes as subjects. Results of these experiments are then presented in a poster session. The benefits of using radishes as subjects are described.

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Santaniello, Catherine M., i Ross E. Koning. "Are Radishes Really Allelopathic to Lettuce?" American Biology Teacher 58, nr 2 (1.02.1996): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4450087.

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Morrison, Hope. "Rah, Rah, Radishes (review)". Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 65, nr 2 (2011): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2011.0701.

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Sasaki, Maho, Yuri Nonoshita, Takashi Kajiya, Nobuhiko Atsuchi, Megumi Kido, Djong-Chi Chu, Lekh Raj Juneja, Yuji Minami i Katsuko Kajiya. "Characteristic Analysis of Trigonelline Contained in Raphanus sativus Cv. Sakurajima Daikon and Results from the First Trial Examining Its Vasodilator Properties in Humans". Nutrients 12, nr 6 (23.06.2020): 1872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061872.

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Vascular disease poses a major public health problem worldwide. Trigonelline isolated from Raphanus sativus cv. Sakurajima Daikon (Sakurajima radish) induces nitric oxide production from vascular endothelial cells and enhances vascular function. Here, we investigated the characteristics of trigonelline and its effects on endothelial function after consumption of Sakurajima radish by humans. Our results show that Sakurajima radish contains approximately 60 times more trigonelline than other radishes and squashes. Additionally, no significant differences were observed between varieties of Sakurajima radish, suggesting that any type of Sakurajima radish can be ingested for trigonelline supplementation. The effects of cooking and processing Sakurajima radish were also evaluated, as were the effects of freezing, and changes in osmotic pressure and pH. A first-in-human trial using Sakurajima radish showed that ingestion of 170 g/day of Sakurajima radish for ten days increased blood trigonelline concentrations and significantly improved flow-mediated dilation, which is a measure of vascular endothelial function. Overall, our findings suggest that the trigonelline contained in Sakurajima radish may contribute to improved human vascular endothelial function. Hence, Sakurajima radish may enhance vascular endothelial function as a functional food.

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Kim Ngoc, Pham Thi. "USING CELLULASE TO IMPROVE THE EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY OF THE ANTIOXIDANT COMPOUNDS FROM WHITE RADISH (Raphanus sativus L.) POWDER". Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, nr 4A (21.03.2018): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/54/4a/11977.

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White radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is an edible root vegetable of the Brassicaceae family. It is cultivated and consumed all over the world. Nowadays, radishes are used and eaten by many people in their daily meals. Some studies showed that it has a high content of antioxidant compounds. In this study, we used enzyme - assisted extraction (EAE) to produce an antioxidant - rich extract. The antioxidant activity of the extract was determined by the ABTS radical cation scavenging capacity. The optimal extraction conditions of the antioxidant compounds from white radish were: enzyme concentration of 1.75 % (v/w), extraction time of 81 minutes, pH 4.56 and extraction temperature of 48 oC. As a result, the antioxidant activity of the extract was 0.1594 ± 0.033 m Moltrolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC)/g and 161 % higher than that of the control sample(CE).Furthermore, SEM (scanning electron microscopy) analysis result showed that there was a difference in the surface structure of white radish powder after being extracted by CE and EAE.

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Kim, Soyun, Keunho Yun, Han Yong Park, Ju Young Ahn, Ju Yeon Yang, Hayoung Song, O. New Lee, Yoonkang Hur i Man-Ho Oh. "Development of Molecular Markers for Predicting Radish (Raphanus sativus) Flesh Color Based on Polymorphisms in the RsTT8 Gene". Plants 10, nr 7 (6.07.2021): 1386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10071386.

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Red radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cultivars are a rich source of health-promoting anthocyanins and are considered a potential source of natural colorants used in the cosmetic industry. However, the development of red radish cultivars via conventional breeding is very difficult, given the unusual inheritance of the anthocyanin accumulation trait in radishes. Therefore, molecular markers linked with radish color are needed to facilitate radish breeding. Here, we characterized the RsTT8 gene isolated from four radish genotypes with different skin and flesh colors. Sequence analysis of RsTT8 revealed a large number of polymorphisms, including insertion/deletions (InDels), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and simple sequence repeats (SSRs), between the red-fleshed and white-fleshed radish cultivars. To develop molecular markers on the basis of these polymorphisms for discriminating between radish genotypes with different colored flesh tissues, we designed four primer sets specific to the RsTT8 promoter, InDel, SSR, and WD40/acidic domain (WD/AD), and tested these primers on a diverse collection of radish lines. Except for the SSR-specific primer set, all primer sets successfully discriminated between red-fleshed and white-fleshed radish lines. Thus, we developed three molecular markers that can be efficiently used for breeding red-fleshed radish cultivars.

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O’Bryhim, Shawn. "Catullus’ Mullets and Radishes (c. 15.18-19)". Mnemosyne 70, nr 2 (20.02.2017): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568525x-12342251.

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Bastos, R. K. X., i D. D. Mara. "The bacterial quality of salad crops drip and furrow irrigated with waste stabilization pond effluent: an evaluation of the who guidelines". Water Science and Technology 31, nr 12 (1.06.1995): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0511.

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Field- and glasshouse-grown lettuces and radishes were drip- and furrow-irrigated with waste stabilization pond effluent and with trickling filter effluent diluted with clean water. Crop contamination levels varied considerably. Under dry weather conditions they were at worst of the orders of 103 and 104E. coli per 100 g (fresh weight) for radishes and lettuces, respectively; salmonellae were always absent. The bacterial quality of experimental lettuces was similar to those of lettuces on sale in local markets. When rainfall occurred E. coli numbers increased and salmonellae were isolated from lettuce surfaces. These results are interpreted as partially, substantiating the current World Health Organization bacteriological guideline for unrestricted wastewater reuse, but suggest the need for further assessment on the variation in crop contamination caused by climatic conditions.

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Zavadil, J. "The effect of municipal wastewater irrigation on the yield and quality of vegetables and crops". Soil and Water Research 4, No. 3 (22.09.2009): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/40/2008-swr.

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The effect of municipal wastewater irrigation on the yield and quality of vegetables and crops was studied by means of pot and lysimetric experiments. The pots were seeded with lettuce salad, radishes, and carrots in all experimental years; the lysimeters were planted with early potatoes in 2005 and 2007, and with sugar beet in 2006. Secondary-treated wastewater (in 2005) or only primary-treated wastewater (in 2006 and 2007) were used in the experiments. The control treatment involved the irrigation with water from a local well (in 2005) or public water supply (in 2006 and 2007). Contrarily to the secondary-treated wastewater, the primary-treated wastewater increased the yield of all vegetables and crops, the increase having been statistically significant in most cases. The irrigation with secondary-treated wastewater increased only the sodium content in radishes and carrots. However, the irrigation with primary-treated wastewater led to a statistically significant increase in the sodium content in the consumable parts of all vegetables, sugar beet bulbs, and potato tubers in both years, and in 2007, in the nitrate contents in lettuce salad and radishes as well. A high bacterial contamination of vegetables and crops irrigated with this wastewater was found out, but there was no evidence for the contamination with pathogens. Also, no risk was shown of contamination of the crops with intestinal nematodes.

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Zomerfeld, Patricia dos Santos, Natane Bonfim Lima, Guilherme Augusto Biscaro, Anamari Viegas de Araujo Motomiya, Aline Baptista Borelli, Kamila de Almeida Monaco Mello i Maximiliano Kawahata Pagliarini. "Radish cultivation with hydrogel doses combined with different water slides in drip irrigation system". Research, Society and Development 10, nr 4 (22.04.2021): e54810414394. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i4.14394.

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Radish yield and quality are factors influenced by water stress that may occur during periods of drought or irrigation handled inappropriately, interfering negatively in plants development, producing radishes of inferior quality and in lesser quantity. In addition to irrigation, which makes water available in the system, it is important to maintain it with the use of water-retaining products such as hydrogel. The aim of this work was to evaluate radish yield, submitted to three different hydrogel doses combined with two water slides. The experimental design was in factorial scheme 3 x 2, with three water slides (50%, 75% and 100% Eto – reference evapotranspiration estimate) and two hydrogel doses (40 and 60 g m-2) with four replicates. Number of leaves, horizontal and vertical root diameter (mm), total and shoot length (cm), fresh mass of root and shoot (g), dry mass of shoot and root (g) and yield (t ha-1) were evaluated. The best results, regarding radish production and development, were obtained when using 50% of Eto with 60 g m-2 of hydrogel in combination. Thus, radish cultivation in oxisoil was influenced by the use of hydrogel, which provided a more efficient water level use.

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Ghidiu, Gerald M. "Maggot Control in Radish, 1985". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, nr 1 (1.01.1986): 187–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.187.

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Abstract ‘Champion’ radish was seeded to a Sassafras sandy loam field on 16 Apr. Each plot consisted of 2, 25-ft-long rows on 5-ft-wide beds; rows were seeded in 30-inch centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Plots were seeded with a Planet Junior single-row planter and granular in-furrow applications were made with a Noble applicator attached to the tool bar of a 5-ft-wide bicycle sprayer. Liquid treatments were applied with a sprinkler can at a rate of 150 gal/acre. After seeding, all plots were sprinkled with 30 fl oz of Atlas fish emulsion to attract adult maggot flies. On 28 May, 100 radishes/plot were harvested and examined for insect-damaged roots, including root maggots, cutworms, and grubs.

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Dusky, J. A. "Preemergence Herbicides for Radishes Grown on Organic Soils". HortScience 21, nr 1 (luty 1986): 74–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.21.1.74.

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Abstract Three studies were conducted to evaluate preemergence herbicides for weed control efficacy and crop tolerance in radishes (Raphanus sativus L.) grown on organic soils. Herbicides evaluated were CDEC, metolachlor, alachlor, pendimethalin, thiobencarb, propachlor, metribuzin, and pronamide. Control of both broadleaf and grass weed species was provided by most herbicides evaluated with little or no apparent visual loss in crop vigor except mebribuzin. Weed control efficacy was reduced during the 2nd study due to excessive rainfall. Weedy and hand-weeded checks consistently produced some of the highest yields, indicating possibly some toxicity to the crop due to herbicide treatment or an apparent lack of weed competition. Chemical names used: 2-chloroallyl diethyl-dithiocarbamate (CDEC); 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-l-methylethyl)acetamide(metolachlor); 2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide (alachlor); N-(l-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitro benzenamine (pendimethalin); S-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl] diethylcarbamothioate (thiobencarb); 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide (propachlor); 4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one(metribuzin), and 3,5-dichloro(N-l,l-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide (pronamide).

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Chapman, M. A., i J. M. Burke. "Polluting gene flow from crops: Radishes gone wild". Heredity 97, nr 6 (27.09.2006): 379–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.hdy.6800899.

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Chu, Chun-Lung George, Wei Tang Liu i Jianhua Ma. "Individual wrapping of radishes with food packaging film". International Journal of Food Science and Technology 40, nr 8 (październik 2005): 879–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.01020.x.

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Yamagishi, Hiroshi, Mitsuru Tateishi, Toru Terachi i Seiji Murayama. "Genetic Relationships among Japanese Wild Radishes (Raphanus sativus f. raphanistroides Makino), Cultivated Radishes and R. raphanistrum Revealed by RAPD Analysis." Engei Gakkai zasshi 67, nr 4 (1998): 526–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2503/jjshs.67.526.

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Silbernagel, Karen, Robert Jechorek, W. Mark Barbour, Peter Mrozinski, W. Alejo, V. Aleo, B. Andaloro i in. "Evaluation of the BAX® System for Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in Foods: Collaborative Study". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 87, nr 2 (1.03.2004): 395–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/87.2.395.

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Abstract A multilaboratory study was conducted to compare the automated BAX® system and the standard cultural methods for detection of Listeria monocytogenes in foods. Six food types (frankfurters, soft cheese, smoked salmon, raw, ground beef, fresh radishes, and frozen peas) were analyzed by each method. For each food type, 3 inoculation levels were tested: high (average of 2 CFU/g), low (average of 0.2 CFU/g) and uninoculated controls. A total of 25 laboratories representing government and industry participated. Of the 2335 samples analyzed, 1109 were positive by the BAX system and 1115 were positive by the standard method. A Chi square analysis of each of the 6 food types, at the 3 inoculation levels tested, was performed. For all foods, except radishes, the BAX system performed as well as or better than the standard reference methods based on the Chi square results.

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Lee, O. New, Hyunjin Koo, Jae Woong Yu i Han Yong Park. "Genotyping-by-Sequencing-Based Genome-Wide Association Studies of Fusarium Wilt Resistance in Radishes (Raphanus sativus L.)". Genes 12, nr 6 (3.06.2021): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12060858.

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Fusarium wilt (FW) is a fungal disease that causes severe yield losses in radish production. The most effective method to control the FW is the development and use of resistant varieties in cultivation. The identification of marker loci linked to FW resistance are expected to facilitate the breeding of disease-resistant radishes. In the present study, we applied an integrated framework of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) to identify FW resistance loci among a panel of 225 radish accessions, including 58 elite breeding lines. Phenotyping was conducted by manual inoculation of seedlings with the FW pathogen, and scoring for the disease index was conducted three weeks after inoculation during two constitutive years. The GWAS analysis identified 44 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and twenty putative candidate genes that were significantly associated with FW resistance. In addition, a total of four QTLs were identified from F2 population derived from a FW resistant line and a susceptible line, one of which was co-located with the SNPs on chromosome 7, detected in GWAS study. These markers will be valuable for molecular breeding programs and marker-assisted selection to develop FW resistant varieties of R. sativus.

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Sirota, S. M., E. V. Pinchuk, E. G. Kozar, L. V. Bespalko i V. A. Stepanov. "Prospects for the use of a multi-tier narrow-stack installation in the selection of European radish". Vegetable crops of Russia, nr 2 (19.05.2021): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2021-2-26-33.

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Relevance. Growing European radishes in protected soil on hydroponics provides year-round fresh vitamin production. For the autumn-winter turnover shade-tolerant varieties with a short growing season are necessary. For the spring-summer turnover, the resistance of the variety to high temperatures and premature stem formation is of particular importance. Selection of targeted radish varieties is an energy-consuming process, which can be optimized by using an open-type multi-tier narrow-stack hydroponics installation with a different combination of limiting factors for tiers (light, heat).Methods and results. In Federal Scientific Vegetable Center radish varieties were tested in different conditions. The informativeness of the tiers on the installation as backgrounds for selection for adaptability and specificity is determined. It was found that the assessment and selection of productivity and large-fruited is effectively carried out on 1-2 tiers; for resistance to premature stem formation – on 1 tier; for shade tolerance, early ripening, with a stable manifestation of the marketable mass of the root crop – on 4-5 tiers. Radish varieties were selected as the starting material for the suitability for hydroponic cultivation of intensive type and highly adaptive. The uniqueness of the use of a multi-level narrow column hydroponics for the purpose of radish breeding is shown.

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Park, Chang Ha, Wooyeal Ki, Nam Su Kim, Soo-Yun Park, Jae Kwang Kim i Sang Un Park. "Metabolic Profiling of White and Green Radish Cultivars (Raphanus sativus)". Horticulturae 8, nr 4 (7.04.2022): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8040310.

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Radish (Raphanus sativus) is a Brassica vegetable important for human nutrition and health because it is rich in diverse metabolites. Although previous studies have evaluated various metabolites, few studies have comprehensively profiled the primary and secondary metabolites in the roots of white- and green-colored radishes. Thus, this study aimed to provide information about the contents of metabolites beneficial for human health in both cultivars and to investigate the relationships between the various metabolites detected. In particular, among the 55 metabolites detected in radish roots, the levels of most amino acids and phenolic acids, vital to nutrition and health, were higher in green radish roots, while slightly higher levels of glucosinolates were observed in white radish roots—information which can be used to develop an effective strategy to promote vegetable consumption. Furthermore, glutamic acid, as a metabolic precursor of amino acids and chlorophylls, was positively correlated with other amino acids (cysteine, tryptophan, asparagine, alanine, serine, phenylalanine, valine, isoleucine, proline, leucine, beta-alanine, lysine, and GABA), and chlorophylls (chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b) detected in radish roots and phenylalanine, a metabolic precursor of phenolic compounds, were positively correlated with kaempferol, 4-hydroxybenzoate, and catechin. In addition, strong positive correlations between carbohydrates (sucrose and glucose) and phenolics were observed in this study, indicating that sucrose and glucose function as energy sources for phenolic compounds.

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Liu, Pei-Feng, Yanhan Wang, Robert G. Ulrich, Christopher W. Simmons, Jean S. VanderGheynst, Richard L. Gallo i Chun-Ming Huang. "Leaf-Encapsulated Vaccines: Agroinfiltration and Transient Expression of the AntigenStaphylococcal EndotoxinB in Radish Leaves". Journal of Immunology Research 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3710961.

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Transgene introgression is a major concern associated with transgenic plant-based vaccines. Agroinfiltration can be used to selectively transform nonreproductive organs and avoid introgression. Here, we introduce a new vaccine modality in which Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) genes are agroinfiltrated into radishes (Raphanw sativusL.), resulting in transient expression and accumulation of SEBin planta. This approach can simultaneously express multiple antigens in a single leaf. Furthermore, the potential of high-throughput vaccine production was demonstrated by simultaneously agroinfiltrating multiple radish leaves using a multichannel pipette. The expression of SEB was detectable in two leaf cell types (epidermal and guard cells) in agroinfiltrated leaves. ICR mice intranasally immunized with homogenized leaves agroinfiltrated with SEB elicited detectable antibody to SEB and displayed protection against SEB-induced interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production. The concept of encapsulating antigens in leaves rather than purifying them for immunization may facilitate rapid vaccine production during an epidemic disease.

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Samuolienė, Giedrė, Ramūnas Sirtautas, Aušra Brazaitytė, Jurga Sakalauskaitė, Sandra Sakalauskienė i Pavelas Duchovskis. "The impact of red and blue light-emitting diode illumination on radish physiological indices". Open Life Sciences 6, nr 5 (1.10.2011): 821–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-011-0059-z.

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AbstractThe objective was to evaluate the effect of different combinations of red (638 nm) and blue (455 nm) light produced by solid-state light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on physiological indices (net assimilation rate, hypocotyl-to-leaf ratio, leaf area, leaf dry weight, hypocotyl length and diameter, plant length, developed leaves), variation of photosynthetic pigments and non-structural carbohydrates in radish (Raphanus sativus L., var. ‘Faraon’). Lighting experiments were performed under controlled conditions (total PPFD - 200 μmol m−2 s−1; 16 h photoperiod; 14/18°C night/day temperature). The LED conditions: 638 nm; 638 + 5% 455 nm; 638 + 10% 455 nm; 638 + 10% 455 + 731 nm; 638 + 10% 455 + 731 + 669 nm. Our results showed that radishes grown under red (638 nm) alone were elongated, and the formation of hypocotyl was weak. The net assimilation rate, hypocotyl-to-leaf ratio, and leaf dry weight also were low due to the low accumulation of photosynthetic pigments and non-structural carbohydrates in leaves. The supplemented blue (455 nm) light was necessary for the non-structural carbohydrates distribution between radish storage organs and leaves which resulted in hypocotyl thickening. Red alone (638 nm) or in combination with far-red (731 nm), or red669 for radish generative development was required.

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Park, Bum-Soon, Tae-Hwan Kang, Jeong-Hyeon Lee, Jong-Min Choi i Chung-Su Han. "Drying Characteristics of Radishes using Far Infrared Ray Dryer". Journal of Biosystems Engineering 40, nr 1 (1.03.2015): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5307/jbe.2015.40.1.061.

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Swinbanks, David. "Japan shuns radishes after 'possible link' to E. coli". Nature 382, nr 6592 (sierpień 1996): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/382567b0.

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Saegusa, Asako. "US and Japanese scientists in dispute over ‘poisoned’ radishes". Nature 392, nr 6677 (kwiecień 1998): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/33505.

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Chung, Yong Suk, Yun Gyeong Lee, Renato Rodrigues Silva, Suhyoung Park, Min Young Park, Yong Pyo Lim, Sang Chul Choi i Changsoo Kim. "Potential SNPs related to microspore culture in Raphanus sativus based on a single-marker analysis". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 98, nr 5 (1.10.2018): 1072–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2017-0333.

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Radish (Raphanus sativus) is an economically important crop grown for its edible roots and leaves. It is a self-incompatible, outcrossing species, making the production of homozygous lines and the development of breeding populations difficult. However, this can be overcome with haploids production techniques using isolated microspores, providing the rapid production of homozygous lines for breeding. Thus, it would be useful to identify radishes with a high regeneration rate from microspore culture. In the current study, 96 radish cultivars or germplasms were evaluated for high regeneration rates. Also, a single-marker analysis (SMA) was applied to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) potentially associated with this trait using genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) technology. The regeneration rate from microspore culture of 96 lines showed a wide range, from 0% to 269.5%. From the SMA, 52 markers were detected at a p value of 0.001 and a total of 11 physically nearby genes with high levels of similarity in various species were identified as candidates for high regeneration rates. This result could be used for clarifying the genetic basis underlying these traits and developing molecular markers associated with regeneration rates and would be beneficial for generating homozygous inbred lines.

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