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Kündig, Jamil. "Cellules solaires en couches minces de silicium : résistance aux radiations et applications spatiales /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=2874.
Pełny tekst źródłaPacaud, Rémi. "Étude et modélisation numérique de l’effet des radiations spatiales sur l’évolution des propriétés physiques et électriques des matériaux embarqués". Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ESAE0039/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaI have to establish a 1D numerical model that enables to better understand the physical mechanisms that steer charge transport in dielectric materials such as Kapton or Teflon under high fluxes and high energy electron beams. This model is implemented in Java under the Eclipse environment. Then, numerical results will be compared to experimental results in order to verify whether the 1D model is functional or not. In the near future, this phd will allow to better understand charge transport in satellite embedded polymers. We will then be able to understand the origin of electric discharges that occur on satellite solar panels used in geostationary orbit
Pedroza, Guillaume. "Evaluation de la fiabilité de composants optoélectroniques pour des applications spatiales : apport des caractérisations et des modélisations électro-optiques". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14470/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this work, the reliability of 980 nm pump laser diode and InGaAs photodiode modules has been estimated for space applications. The space environment is particularly harsh (vacuum, radiation, thermal and mechanical stresses) for these electro-optical devices, which were designed for long-haul submerged telecommunication applications. The main objective of this thesis is to provide a guideline for the space evaluation of optoelectronic devices, using characterization, physical analysis and modeling.Eight laser diodes were aged in vacuum (10-7 mbar) during 5000h, at 60°C and 800 mA bias current. The hermeticity of four of them was voluntarily broken to simulate a long term vacuum exposition. Three of four non-hermetic devices failed during the ageing, because of COD (Catastrophic Optical Damage) whereas the electro-optical characteristics of hermetic devices remained unchanged. The MTBF of laser diodes operating in vacuum was estimated to 26 years, by means of modeling (electro-optics and pressure) and physical analyses (AFM, SEM, TEM, cathodoluminescence, ToF-SIMS).InGaAs photodiodes were irradiated by protons, with energies ranging from 30 to 190 MeV and fluences ranging from 5.1010 to 1012 p/cm². The dark current increased by three decades after irradiation. The photodiode MTBF was then estimating to 15 years using dark current modeling.This study also permitted to show up almost new failure mechanisms (COD under vacuum, NIEL scaling errors in InGaAs, Bragg grating degradation under ionizing radiation and its effects on laser diode stabilization), which could contribute to the space evaluation of laser diodes and photodiodes for future missions
Duchez, Jean-Bernard. "Étude du noircissement dans les fibres optiques dopées Ytterbium : interaction entre photo- et radio-noircissement". Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4029.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis deals with the degradation induced by the pump (photodarkening, PN) and ionizing radiations (radiodarkening, RN) in ytterbium-doped optical fiber (YDF) used in harsh environments. Through original experimental characterizations and modeling, it analyses the interplay between PN and RN and reveals important and novel properties of the radiation resistance of pumped YDF. The first part investigates induced defects (color centers) together with their creation/recovery mechanisms. It used a set of post-irradiation characterizations (ESR, RIA, TSL) conducted on preform samples and benefited from their original correlation (thermal recovery protocols coupling TSL and RIA). A systematic study as a function of composition reveals the influence of co-dopants (Al, Ce) on the trapping of carrier freed during ionization processes. The second part examines the darkening build-up under the simultaneous action of the pump and an ionizing irradiation. By using a measurement bench that allowed us to follow the real-time “on line” degradation of fiber samples, we showed that photo- and radio-darkening both arise from the same color centers that can be bleached by the pump. On the basis of this finding and of the preceding identified mechanisms, we propose a local physical model of the photo-radio-induced darkening. The latter is thoroughly validated by further successful comparisons of simulated degradation with a wide variety of “on line” original observations. Then, we notably demonstrate that for dose rates lying below a critical value (explicited by our theory), the degradation of pumped and irradiated YDF never exceeds the photo-darkening level
Bernal, Olivier. "Conception de Convertisseurs Analogique-Numérique en technologie CMOS basse tension pour chaînes Vidéo CCD Spatiales". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7495/1/bernal.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaBelloir, Jean-Marc. "Spectroscopie du courant d’obscurité induit par les effets de déplacement atomique des radiations spatiales et nucléaires dans les capteurs d’images CMOS à photodiode pincée". Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ESAE0029/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaCMOS image sensors are envisioned for an increasing number of high-end scientific imaging applications such asspace imaging or nuclear experiments. Indeed, the performance of high-end CMOS image sensors has dramaticallyincreased in the past years thanks to the unceasing improvements of microelectronics, and these image sensors havesubstantial advantages over CCDs which make them great candidates to replace CCDs in future space missions.However, in space and nuclear environments, CMOS image sensors must face harsh radiation which can rapidlydegrade their electro-optical performances. In particular, the protons, electrons and ions travelling in space or thefusion neutrons from nuclear experiments can displace silicon atoms in the pixels and break the crystalline structure.These displacement damage effects lead to the formation of stable defects and to the introduction of states in theforbidden bandgap of silicon, which can allow the thermal generation of electron-hole pairs. Consequently, nonionizingradiation leads to a permanent increase of the dark current of the pixels and thus a decrease of the imagesensor sensibility and dynamic range. The aim of the present work is to extend the understanding of the effect ofdisplacement damage on the dark current increase of CMOS image sensors. In particular, this work focuses on theshape of the dark current distribution depending on the particle type, energy and fluence but also on the imagesensor physical parameters. Thanks to the many conditions tested, an empirical model for the prediction of the darkcurrent distribution induced by displacement damage in nuclear or space environments is experimentally validatedand physically justified. Another central part of this work consists in using the dark current spectroscopy techniquefor the first time on irradiated CMOS image sensors to detect and characterize radiation-induced silicon bulk defects.Many types of defects are detected and two of them are identified, proving the applicability of this technique to studythe nature of silicon bulk defects using image sensors. In summary, this work advances the understanding of thenature of the radiation-induced defects responsible for the dark current increase in space or nuclear environments. Italso leads the way to the design of more advanced dark current prediction models, or to the development ofmitigation strategies in order to prevent the formation of the responsible defects or to allow their removal
Jouni, Ali. "Space radiation effects on CMOS single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, ISAE, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ESAE0012.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe subject of this thesis deals with the effects of space radiation on CMOS avalanche detectors, particularly on Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs). These photodiodes exhibit nearly infinite internal gain and are therefore sensitive to very low light conditions. Thus, with excellent temporal resolution, these sensors can be very interesting for space applications requiring time-of-flight measurements, such as the topography of celestial objects or space Rendezvous. However, space is a hostile environment due to radiation from the Sun, particles trapped in the Earth’s magnetosphere, and beyond the solar system. Consequently, within the framework of this thesis work, a model is established to predict thedegradation of the dark current of SPADs, the Dark Count Rate (DCR), after proton irradiations. Experimentally, two SPAD array technologies are irradiated with protons, X-rays, and γ rays. Hence, ionizing and non-ionizing effects are investigated for these avalanche sensors, and differences compared to pixels of standard image sensors are highlighted. Subsequently, the characteristics of defects induced by the creation of interface traps between oxides and silicon and atomic displacement damage in the substrate are examined, including the presence of Random Telegraph Signal (RTS) behaviors. Finally, the nature of these defects is identified through isochronal annealing after irradiations of the SPAD arrays using the three different radiation types mentioned above
Ladaci, Ayoub. "Rare earth doped optical fibers and amplifiers for space applications". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSES027/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaRare earth doped fibers (REDFs) are a key component in optical laser sources and amplifiers (REDFAs). Their high performances render them very attractive for space applications as the active part of gyroscopes, high data transfer links and LIDARs. However, the high sensitivity of these active fibers to space radiations limits the REDFA integration in actual and future missions. To overcome these issues various studies were carried out and some mitigation techniques were identified such as the Cerium co-doping or the hydrogen loading of the REDFs. All these solutions occur at the component level and are classified as a hardening by component strategy allowing the manufacturing of radiation hardened REDFAs with adapted performances for low doses space mission. However, with the new space research programs, more challenging space missions are targeted with higher radiations doses requiring even more tolerant REDFs and REDFAs. To this aim, an optimization of the REDFA at the system level is investigated in this PhD thesis exploiting an approach coupling simulations and experiments offering the opportunity to benefit from the outputs of this hardening by system strategy in addition to other state-of-the-art approaches. After presenting the context, objectives of this work, the basic mechanisms about amplification and radiation effects as well as the architectures of REDFAs are described in chapters I and II. After that, we update a state of art REDFAs simulation code described in Chapter III, to consider not only the REDFA optical performances but also their evolutions when exposed to radiations. Several experiments on dedicated home-made REDFA have been performed using accelerated irradiation tests (Chapter IV) and the comparison between these data and those obtained through the new code validated the simulation tools. Thereafter, we exploit the validated code to highlight how the optimization of the REDFA architecture can participate to the mitigation of the radiation effects on the amplifier performances (Chapter V). Finally, in chapter VI the implementation in the code of several other effects, such as thermal effects, input signal multiplexing was investigated both from experimental and calculation point of views
Park, Samuel. "Radiation transport in multiphase and spatially random media". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/45051.
Pełny tekst źródłaAl, Youssef Ahmad. "Étude par modélisation des événements singuliers (SET/SEU/SEL) induits par l’environnement radiatif dans les composants électroniques". Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESAE0021/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe spatial radiative environment is particularly critical for the reliability of integrated circuits and embedded electronic systems. This environment loaded with energetic particles (proton, electron, heavy ions, etc.) can lead to transient (SET), or permanent (SEU) and insome cases destructive failures (Latchup, SEL) in embedded devices. The effect of a single particle is identified as a single event effect(SEE). The constraints imposed by technological integration push microelectronics manufacturers to consider the vulnerability of their components to Latchup while consideringnon-destructive phenomena such as data corruption (SEU/MBU). This thesis is the result ofcollaboration between ONERA and Sofradir, an electronic manufacturer of infrared imagers. The aim of this thesis is to study the singular effects (SET / SEU / SEL) of the CMOS technology used by Sofradir under cryogenic temperature conditions, and more particularly the Latchup effect
FOIS, GIOVANNA ROSA. "Monte Carlo simulation studies for spatially fractionated radiation therapy techniques". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266224.
Pełny tekst źródłaEmidio, Fernando. "Analysis of multidimensional radiating structures by the spatial Fourier transform and computational electromagnetics". Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STET4011.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis manuscript presents the research work in the analysis and synthesis of multidimensional radiating structures using an approach that combines Method of Moments and Spatial Fourier Transform. The source distribution (electric current) and radiation pattern are related by the spatial Fourier Transform - Fourier Relation theory (FR). Current distribution is determined using Computational Electromagnetics (CEM), namely Method of Moments (MoM). Previous work using FR theory was done by other authors on linear arrays – uniformly or nonuniformly spaced elemental radiators laid on a straight line. Present work expands FR theory to two and three dimensions on real-world structures. By using MoM we can take into account wire radius, excitation on any point (voltage generator or incident wave) and mutual coupling between elements, thus creating a realistic electromagnetic model for the antenna structure
Rousselet, Mathias. "Développement de méthodologies de tests en radiation des nanosatellites". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT293/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSpace environment is harsh, especially because of radiations. These radiations induce cumulative and singular effects that can reduce the overall reliability of a satellite. For low-cost space systems, the use of radiation hardened components is prohibited because of their high cost. Commercial components are preferred but their radiation sensitivity is often unknown. Scientific and commercial space projects require a Radiation Hardness Assurance (RHA) process in order to reduce the risk and ensure a better reliability by providing a study at component level. We propose in this thesis the study and development of RHA methods dedicated and tailored for nanosatelittes
Cullen, Ashley James. "Strip detector for high spatial resolution dosimetry in radiation therapy". Centre for Medical Radiation Physics - Faculty of Engineering, 2009. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/848.
Pełny tekst źródłaSong, Shi. "The Spectral Signature of Cloud Spatial Structure in Shortwave Radiation". Thesis, University of Colorado at Boulder, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10151129.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this thesis, we aim to systematically understand the relationship between cloud spatial structure and its radiation imprints, i.e., three-dimensional (3D) cloud effects, with the ultimate goal of deriving accurate radiative energy budget estimates from space, aircraft, or ground-based observations under spatially inhomogeneous conditions. By studying the full spectral information in the measured and modeled shortwave radiation fields of heterogeneous cloud scenes sampled during aircraft field experiments, we find evidence that cloud spatial structure reveals itself through spectral signatures in the associated irradiance and radiance fields in the near-ultraviolet and visible spectral range.
The spectral signature of 3D cloud effects in irradiances is apparent as a domain- wide, consistent correlation between the magnitude and spectral dependence of net horizontal photon transport. The physical mechanism of this phenomenon is molecular scattering in conjunction with cloud heterogeneity. A simple parameterization with a single parameter ϵ is developed, which holds for individual pixels and the domain as a whole. We then investigate the impact of scene parameters on the discovered correlation and find that it is upheld for a wide range of scene conditions, although the value of ϵ varies from scene to scene.
The spectral signature of 3D cloud effects in radiances manifests itself as a distinct relationship between the magnitude and spectral dependence of reflectance, which cannot be reproduced in the one-dimensional (1D) radiative transfer framework. Using the spectral signature in radiances and irradiances, it is possible to infer information on net horizontal photon transport from spectral radiance perturbations on the basis of pixel populations in sub-domains of a cloud scene.
We show that two different biases need to be considered when attempting radiative closure between measured and modeled irradiance fields below inhomogeneous cloud fields: the remote sensing bias (affecting cloud radiances and thus retrieved properties of the inhomogeneous scene) and the irradiance bias (ignoring 3D effects in the calculation of irradiance fields from imagery-based cloud retrievals). The newly established relationships between spatial and spectral structure lay the foundation for first-order corrections for these 3D biases within a 1D framework, once the correlations are explored on a more statistical basis.
Currás, alonso Sandra. "Lung responses to radiation injury at the single cell level". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPSLS060.
Pełny tekst źródłaA major therapeutic option for lung cancer treatment is radiotherapy. Nevertheless, around 5-20% of the patients treated with radiation therapy suffer from early and late irreversible lung toxicities, such as acute pneumonitis or radiotherapy induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF). RIPF is characterized by progressive and irreversible destruction of the alveolar architecture with disruption of gas exchange and terminal failure. Although the order of molecular and cellular events in the progression towards RIPF is a key pathogenic aspect of the disease, their coordination in space and time remains largely unexplored. The overarching aim of this project is to study the dynamics in time and space of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to lung fibrosis after ionizing radiation (IR). The combination of single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) analyses, to study early and late responses to injury at the single cell level, and single molecule (sm) FISH, to map specific cell types in tissue, have provided information on how mouse and human lung tissues responds to radiation injury. The results of this project highlight the dynamics on specific radiation-induced processes, such as regeneration, transdifferentiation, EMT, inflammation and senescence in the main compartments of the lung that are known to play a major role in tissue repair, regeneration and fibrosis. Importantly, this study points at a senescence process affecting specifically the endothelial cell compartment over the course of fibrosis after fibrogenic doses of IR. Understanding what are the mechanisms causing this disease will pave the way to new therapeutic options that may improve patients’ treatments and their quality of life
Twork, Gregory. "Validation of the Spatial Accuracy of the ExacTrac® Adaptive Gating System". Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106601.
Pełny tekst źródłaLa radiochirurgie stéréotaxique corporelle (RCSC) est une modalité de traitement utilisée sur les lésions extracraniales, tels que les cavités abdominaux et thoraciques, ainsi que les lésions situées à l'intérieure ou l'extérieure de l'épine dorsale. Au Centre Universitaire de Santé de McGill (CUSM), les traitements de la foie par RCSC se basent sur la synchronisation respiratoire qui permet de contrôler le faisceau de photons à l'aide de marqueurs référencés du cycle respiratoire du patient. L'objectif des traitements par synchronisation respiratoire est de limiter le dommage au tissue normal tout en transmettant la dose appropriée à la cible en mouvement. Le système ExacTrac® (BrainLab AG Allemagne) est un système de radiothérapie guidée par image comprenant une caméra infrarouge (IR) et deux tubes à rayons-x à l'échelle des kilovolts (kV). Le système IR suit le positionnement des patients et le mouvement respiratoire, alors que les rayons-x kV déterminent la variation des positions basées sur l'anatomie interne ou les marqueurs référencés. Afin de valider la capacité d'opération du système sous les conditions de synchronisations respiratoires, chaque étape du RCSC a été évaluée quantitativement. Initialement, le système fut testé sous les conditions statiques idéales, suivi par une étude incluant les paramètres de synchronisations. Les incertitudes de l'isocentre, l'algorithme de positionnement, la planification de la tomodensitométrie (CT) et les balayages par tomodensitométrie à quatre dimensions (4DCT), la période de synchronisation, et le mouvement de la tumeur furent évalués et la contribution de chacun des facteurs à l'erreur totale du traitement déterminée. L'isocentre mécanique et le 4DCT s'avèrent être les sources d'incertitudes majeures. Cependant, pour les tumeurs à large amplitude interne (>2.25 cm) qui sont traitées avec de larges périodes de synchronisations (> 30%), les paramètres de synchronisations peuvent aussi avoir des contributions supérieures à 1.1 ± 1.8 mm.
VEDRENNE, CHRISTIAN. "Consequences du rayonnement cosmique sur l'homme au cours des voyages interplanetaires". Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU31058.
Pełny tekst źródłaChoudhary, Mohammad Sabir. "Determination of spatial distribution of radionuclides in absorbing media". Thesis, University of Surrey, 1987. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843768/.
Pełny tekst źródłaClark, Haley. "Assessment of spatially inhomogeneous intra-organ radiation dose response in salivary glands". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/61113.
Pełny tekst źródłaBonora, Lionel. "Dégradation des technologies bipolaires et bicmos par radiations ionisantes : implications en assurance qualité pour l'industrie spatiale". Toulouse, ENSAE, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ESAE0006.
Pełny tekst źródłaIlle, Jean-Francois. "Interaction of spatial scales in acoustic radiation from hemi-capped cylinders". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16091.
Pełny tekst źródłaFoucard, Gilles. "Taux d'erreurs dues aux radiations pour des applications implémentées dans des FPGAs à base de mémoire SRAM : prédictions versus mesures". Grenoble INPG, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00518571.
Pełny tekst źródłaReprogrammable parts such as SRAM-based FPGAs are appreciated for space and aeronautical applications. However, energetic particles present in natural environment can cause a mutation of the implemented application by creating errors in their configuration memory. The work achieved in this thesis focused on the study of an error rate prediction strategy for an application implemented in a SRAM-based FPGA. The relevance of this approach was achieved by comparing the predictions issued from fault injection campaigns with the measures obtained during radiation ground testing. A second aspect of the work concerned the development and the validation of an experiment devoted to be placed in orbit by NASA's LWS-SET scientific satellite in order to obtain data on the FPGA's behavior in real life environment
Connell, Tanner. "Low Z target optimization for spatial resolution improvement in planar imaging and cone-beam CT". Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66904.
Pełny tekst źródłaRécemment, plusieurs recherches se tournent vers l'emploi de cibles à petits numéros atomic (Z), et mesurent leurs effets sur le contraste de l'imagerie de portail de megavoltage et de tomographie calculée à faisceau cônique (CBCT). À l'avenant, cet ouvrage étudie les effets de la variation de différents paramètres de la cible, tel le numéro atomic, l'épaisseur, et l'énergie de l'electron incident, sur la résolution spaciale des deux techniques d'imageries mentionnées. Des cibles de béryllium (Be, Z = 4), d'aluminium (Al, Z = 13), et de tungstène (W, Z = 74) sont étudiées sous une gamme d'épaisseures entre 10 % et 100 % de l'amplitude de l'approximation de ralentissement continue (CSDA). Des électrons incidents avec des énergies cinétiques de 4.5 MeV et 7.0 MeV sont utilisés avec une cible personnalisée, installée sur le carrousel d'un accélérateur linéaire Varian 2100EX (Varian Medical, Inc.), afin de produire les faisceaux désirés. Des résultats Monte Carlo simulés sont comparés aux résultats mesurés. Les cibles minces sont géréralement supérieures aux cibles plus épaisses, et les électrons incidents à plus haute énergies produisent de meilleurs résultats. Les cibles à petits Z produisent des résolutions supérieures en raison d'une dépendence du MTF du système de detection sur l'énergie des photons. Les simulations montrent une hausse de 14.5 % et de 21.5 % du f_50 pour les cibles de 7.0 MeV et 4.5 MeV, respectivement, quand celles-ci sont déplacées du carrousel à l'emplacement clinique de la cible. Les f_50 des cibles personnalisées sont entre 10.4 % sous et 15.5 % au-dessus du f_50 du faisceau clinique à 6 MV. Les données pour le CBCT à petit Z sont obtenues avec un fantôme CATphan et comparées aux données du faisceau clinique à 6 MV et du CBCT de kilovoltage. Avec une cible à petit Z, une résolution de 0.5 lp/mm est atteinte, comparé à
Bero, Mamdouh A. "Development of a three-dimensional radiation dosimetry system". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2001. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/719/.
Pełny tekst źródłaSéon-Massin, Nirmala. "La radiation adaptative en environnement hétérogène : effets de la dispersion et des perturbations". Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066123.
Pełny tekst źródłaSchneider, Tim. "Advancing the generation of proton minibeams for radiation therapy". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP069.
Pełny tekst źródłaDespite major advances over the last decades, the dose tolerance of normal tissue continues to be a central problem in radiation therapy, limiting for example the effective treatment of hypoxic tumours and high-grade gliomas. Proton minibeam radiation therapy (pMBRT) is a novel therapeutic strategy, combining the improved ballistics of protons with the enhanced tissue sparing potential of submillimetric, spatially fractionated beams (minibeams), that has already demonstrated its ability to significantly improve the therapeutic index for brain cancers in rats. In contrast to conventional proton therapy which uses comparatively large beam diameters of five millimetres to several centimetres, minibeams require beam sizes of less than 1 mm which are challenging to create in a clinical context. So far, every implementation of pMBRT at clinically relevant beam energies could only be achieved with the help of mechanical collimators (metal blocks with thin slits or holes). However, this method is inefficient, inflexible and creates high levels of unwanted secondary particles. The optimal approach may therefore be the generation of minibeams through magnetic focussing.This thesis investigates how magnetically focussed proton minibeams can be realised in a clinical context. Starting from the computer model of a modern pencil beam scanning nozzle (the term "nozzle" describes the final elements of a clinical beamline), it could be shown that current nozzles will not be suitable for this task, since their large dimensions and the presence of too much air in the beam path make it impossible to focus the beam down to the required sizes. Instead, an optimised nozzle design has been developed and evaluated with clinical beam models. It could be demonstrated that this design allows the generation of proton minibeams through magnetic focussing and that the new nozzle can be used with already existing technology. Moreover, a Monte Carlo study was performed to compare and quantify the differences between magnetically focussed minibeams and mechanically collimated minibeams.Finally, as the second aspect of this thesis, helium ions were evaluated as a potential alternative to protons for minibeam radiation therapy. It could be shown that helium ions could present a good compromise exhibiting many of the dosimetric advantages of heavier ions without the risks related to normal tissue toxicities
Langston, Marvin Epolian, i Marvin Epolian Langston. "Spatially Derived Risk Factors for Cutaneous Melanoma". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621111.
Pełny tekst źródłaMartínez, Rovira Immaculada. "Monte Carlo and experimental small-field dosimetry applied to spatially fractionated synchrotron radiotherapy techniques". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/81470.
Pełny tekst źródłaDavies, Glyn. "Emission tomography in the determination of the spatial distribution of neutron induced radionuclides". Thesis, University of Surrey, 1989. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/847355/.
Pełny tekst źródłaKohler, Pierre. "Méthodes de caractérisation et analyse de la sensibilité aux effets des radiations de mémoires dynamiques basse consommation pour application spatiale". Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS003.
Pełny tekst źródłaElectronic components, embedded in space applications, are exposed to different types of particles that make up the space radiation environment. The individual or cumulative interaction of these particles with the integrated circuits materials is the source of single-event effects or dose effects that can alter the reliability of the systems by inducing different types of failures at basic electronic functions level and threaten the mission success. In order to predict the event rate during a mission or the components lifetime in a radiative environment, prior to their integration into a space application, it is necessary to model these failures and to characterize the functioning of the components under irradiation.In this context, the objectives of this thesis are the development and implementation of models and methods for characterizing the sensitivity of DDR3 SDRAM memories to the radiation effects for their future integration into memory modules for space applications. The development of a functional and parametric test bench compatible with various irradiation facilities is presented. Results obtained under gamma radiation, are analyzed, and supplemented by sensitivity estimation using X-rays. A characterization campaign under heavy ions, combined with laser testing, allows us to present comparative analysis of the components SEE sensitivity. The complementarity of these
Pobel, Dominique Andrée. "Les leucemies des sujets jeunes dans la region du nord-cotentin : etude spatiale et enquete cas-temoins". Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA11T035.
Pełny tekst źródłaDemoury, Claire. "Variations géographiques de l’incidence des leucémies de l’enfant et association avec l’exposition aux radiations ionisantes d’origine naturelle". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T027/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIonizing radiation due to medical or accidental exposure to high doses is an established risk factor for leukemia in humans. However, the evidence of a risk associated with exposure to ionizing radiation at lower levels usually encountered in the environment remains to be demonstrated. Our work aims to evaluate the hypothesis of the existence of an association between natural background ionizing radiation and the risk of childhood leukemia (CL) using observations made in France.Leukemia cases included in this study are all the CL recorded in the National Registry of Childhood Hematological Malignancies, an exhaustive repository of all cases of patients younger than 15 years old in France over the studied period.First step was the study of the spatial distribution of the incidence of CL at the level of the 1,916 Living Zone (LZ) defined by INSEE. Cluster detection methods have been used on 7,675 cases of CL diagnosed during the period 1990-2006 to identify areas potentially associated with a higher risk of acute childhood leukemia. The study did not show any spatial heterogeneity of incidence of CL during the period at LZ level. However, some spatial clusters were highlighted in specific places and times. Although the levels of significance of these clusters do not strongly support the existence of risk factors, localized clusters can show a slight impact of risk factors shared across LZ, including contextual environmental exposures.To test the hypothesis of the existence of an association between environmental exposure to ionizing radiation of natural origin and incidence of childhood leukemia, an incidence study based on 9,056 cases of CL for the period 1990-2009 was conducted. This study was complemented by a record-based cases-controls study based on the 2,763 cases of CL recorded over the 2002-2007 period and a control set of 30,000 subjects constituting a representative sample of the contemporary French pediatric population. In this approach, localizations of cases and controls and exposure identifications were geocoded and compared to the status cases vs control population.Data of exposure to natural background radiation were produced by the IRSN (Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety). Mapping of the “potential radon exhalation emitted by the ground” and a national sampling of 10,843 measurement points located in dwellings were used to estimate residential exposure to radon at a level of granularity of cities and houses. Exposure to terrestrial gamma and cosmic rays was estimated by zone d’emploi based on a set of more than 28,000 environmental measurements in approximately 1,000 sites covering whole France, and by the IRSN national campaign data. Our study did not show any association of childhood leukemia with exposures to natural background radiation estimated nor at diagnosis nor cumulatively during childhood. However it had a good power to highlight the risks expected from current models of risk (UNSCEAR) built from studies on the observed high doses risks. If this work does not support the hypothesis that there is an association between exposure to ionizing radiation from natural sources observed and the incidence of childhood leukemia which may be directly observable at the epidemiologic level, this question remains important enough and not investigated enough to merit further complementary studies in countries where it has not been investigated
Thomas, Jérémie. "Impact de la nanostructuration des fibres dopées Erbium sur leurs performances : application aux contraintes du spatial". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20178/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis focuses on the impact of nanostructuration on the performance of Erbium Doped Fiber in severe environment like Space. This study is motivated by the fact that no on-the-shell Erbium Doped Fiber can satisfy the space requirement, disabling the availability of the AOFD and stongly limiting the interest of the WDM technology for satellites. Several fiber based on different technologies have been tested in order to check their behavior under gamma radiations. We have defined an objective criterion for the selection of erbium doped fibers, and showed elements for hardening aluminum co-doped fibers, based solely on design parameters. In this way, we brought to the fore a radiation hardened fiber, based on silica nanoparticles, exhibiting a power decrease of 1 dB after a typical space mission. We also focused on EDFA modeling by proposing an evolved model taking into account non-linear effects due to the complex spectroscopy of Erbium. This model is completed by including irradiation effects thanks to a model such as Chen's one. The photobleaching effect that has been found to be strong is also considered
Lalucaa, Valérian. "Etude des effets singuliers produits par les particules énergétiques chargées de l’environnement radiatif spatial sur les capteurs d’images CMOS". Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ESAE0042/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis studies the single event effects of space environment in CMOS image sensors (CIS). This work focuses on the effects of heavy ions on 3T standard photodiode pixels, and 4T and 5T pinned photodiode pixels. The first part describes the space radioactive environment and the sensor architecture. The most harmful events (SEL and SETs) are identified thanks to the scientific literature. The experimentally tested sensors agree with the theoretical work. SETs are compared to STARDUST simulations with a good agreement for all ions and sensors. The work explains why the SETs on 3T pixels are insensitive to the various photodiode designs, and they are decreased when an epitaxial substrate is used. A method using anti-blooming was successfully used in 4T and 5T pixels to prevent the spread of the SETs. The mechanism of latchup in 4T pixel sensors is described. All the identified mechanisms are very useful to provide hardening methods for the CISs
Akisheva, Yulia. "Utilisation protectrice du régolithe pour l'exploration planétaire et lunaire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, ISAE, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ESAE0062.
Pełny tekst źródłaIntegrated solutions for building habitats that will protect astronauts from Galactic Cosmic Rays, Solar Particle Events, secondary emissions, and temperature extremes using regolith as the main shielding material on the Moon is investigated in this work. This is a multidisciplinary approach to regolith utilisation: from particle physics to materials sciences, from radiobiology to engineering design.Particle-matter interactions between regolith and the GCR and SPE radiations are characterised and secondary emissions are studied. Multilayer materials are proposed and numerically tested using deterministic and probabilistic codes (RayXpert® TRAD). Solutions for the reduction of the whole-body effective dose equivalent are investigated. Prototypes of the proposed design have and will be exposed to radiation (stratospheric balloons, protons, and heavy ions in particle accelerator facilities) to test numerical findings.The output is quantitative recommendations, expressed in engineering terms, for a strategy and specifications of regolith utilisation in habitats. Through simulations and experiments with low- and high-energy protons and ions, the habitat wall structure (wall thickness, compactness, composition) is proposed
Devred, Emmanuel. "Estimation du P. A. R. (Photosynthetically active radiation) dans les eaux du cas II par télédétection spatiale". Littoral, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DUNK0112.
Pełny tekst źródłaA method to derive the PAR in the water column using remotely-sensed data is presented. A radiative transfer code was used to generate the set of data required for this study. The data were used to develop parameterisations of the light path across the sea surface. The light in the water column was computed using PAR above the sea surface and the diffuse attenuation coefficient, Kd. The Kd coefficients were estimatedusing water-leaving radiances at SeaWIFS wavelenghts. Two methods were used to reach that goal. A first "classical" method related the diffuse attenuation coefficient to water-leaving radiances ratios. The secon rests on the evolution programming (similar to neural network). The first method appeared to be robust but less accurate than the second. The parameterisations established using these methods were compared with the Kd at 490 nm providesd by SeaWIFS and a spectral dependence model. The result showed a good agreement in general
Matana, luza Lucas. "Étude des effets induits par la radiation spatial et atmosphérique sur des mémoires électroniques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021MONTS100.
Pełny tekst źródłaRadiation is defined as the emission or transmission of energy as waves or particles, which can be either ionizing or non-ionizing. The interaction between the radiation and the matter can generate different reactions, which may vary depending on the properties of the particle (type, kinetic energy, mass, and charge), and the target (semiconductors in this thesis scope). The exposition of electronics components to environments with a significant presence of radiation may lead to this kind of interaction and, consequently, to a variety of effects that can drastically affect the reliability of electronic systems.When designing electronic devices and systems, considering radiation effects is fundamental for applications in harsh environments. For instance, in avionics and space systems, these effects are extensively studied to ensure the high reliability of the components and provide the needed insight for design decisions. The concerns related to radiation started to be noted at the beginning of the space era.Ionizing radiation may induce effects in different types of devices, and many works have shown that memories are one of the highest contributors to soft errors in systems. Furthermore, due to their nature, memories have the intrinsic capability of storing radiation-induced fault tracks, e.g., Single-Bit Upsets (SBUs), making these devices the best candidate for studying soft errors.The first topic introduced by the thesis is a study on the heavy-ion induced effects on a Single-Level Cell NAND Flash. This study is based on several irradiation test campaigns with a wide range of heavy-ions energies. The results revealed different failure mechanisms, including Single-Event Upsets, small clusters of errors, data register upsets, and a column-wise failure mode. Cross section was calculated for each of these failure modes, and their causes were discussed.Then, a study on the effects of neutron irradiation (thermal and atmospheric-like spectra) on a self-refresh DRAM is presented. Static and dynamic test methods were used to define the response of the device under irradiation. In this manuscript, experimental results from two different test campaigns are presented, with the identification of SBUs, stuck bits, and block errors. These faults were investigated and characterized by event cross section, soft-error rates, and bitmaps evaluations. An analysis of the damaged cells' retention time was performed, showing a difference between the self-refresh mechanism and a read operation. Additionally, a correlation of the fault mechanism that generates both SBUs and stuck bits under neutron irradiation is also proposed. Furthermore, high-temperature annealing was studied in post-radiation tests.Following, this thesis presents a comparative study on the neutron-induced effects on SDRAMs produced with three different technology nodes. The results revealed the occurrence of SBUs and stuck-bits in the memories, showing higher sensitivity for the oldest generation and similar results for the other two models.Finally, a framework is presented to assess the reliability of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) applications. In this light, this study proposes using realistic fault models retrieved from radiation tests as input for a software emulator that performs fault injection in the computing system in which the CNN is implemented
Prazeres, Lino Da Silva Mário António. "Simulation des propriétés radiatives du plasma entourant un véhicule traversant une atmosphère planétaire à vitesse hypersonique : application à la Planète Mars". Orléans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ORLE2071.
Pełny tekst źródłaPeronnard, Paul. "Méthodes et outils pour l'évaluation de la sensibilité de circuits intégrés avancés face aux radiations naturelles". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441658.
Pełny tekst źródłaSuk, Joon Young. "Improving the spatial resolution of the MicroPET R4 scanner by wobbling the bed". Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101799.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe program which histograms the list-mode data was rewritten to increase the spatial sampling by incorporating the wobble position in the sinograms. The corrections for the dwell time, apparent crystal location, and crystal-pair efficiency are applied within the program. A series of scans were performed to decide the optimum wobble radius; it was found to be 1.50 mm. Another series of scans was performed during which a Na-22 source was moved 0.25 mm between scans with and without the optimal wobble motion. The peak-to-valley ratio between two Na-22 point sources 4.0 mm apart, improved from 1.75 in the conventional mode to 2.26 during wobbled scans applying a ramp filter.
The bed wobbling mechanism can he added to the microPET R4 or P4 scanners without any major changes to make wobble motion and without compromising any imaging modes. Implementing the wobble mechanism may present a cost-effective upgrade over a trade in or purchase of the higher performance scanner.
GUILLAUDIN, OLIVIER. "Etude et realisation d'une mini-chambre a fils pour la localisation a haut taux de comptage". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10069.
Pełny tekst źródłaRoig, Fabien. "Etude et modélisation des effets de synergie issus de l’environnement radiatif spatial naturel et intentionnel sur les technologies bipolaires intégrées". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20205.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe space environment is a radiative concern that affects on board electronic systems, leading to failures. It is possible to distinguish two types of effects: the cumulative effects due to continuous deposition of energy throughout the space mission and the transient effects due to the single energetic particle crossing a sensitive area of the component or deposition of energy in a very short time in the specific context of an exo-atmospheric nuclear explosion. During qualification procedures for space mission, these effects are studied separately. However, the probability that they occur simultaneously in flight is significant. As a consequence, this work is about the study of the synergy between both cumulative and transient effects on various integrated bipolar technologies. The present results are used to provide some answers about potential changes of test methods. This work also evaluates the predictive capability of the previously developed model to reproduce accurately both the fast and the long lasting components of transients in circuitry and so to model transients' effects. This simulation methodology is extended to an operational amplifier from different manufacturers and for three different synergistic effects. The comparison between transients obtained experimentally during heavy ions, pulse laser and flash X experiments and the predicted transients validates the investigated methodology. The cumulative effects are taken into account by injecting the internal electrical parameters variations using irradiation exposure
Park, Seonyong. "Influence de l'irradiation dans les cellules solaires triple jonctions pour des applications spatiales". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX039/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is the result of work on the irradiation effect of lattice matched GaInP/GaAs/Ge triple junction (TJ) solar cells in LILT conditions. Initiated by needs of the understanding of EOL performances of the solar cells in JUICE mission, we have found very peculiar phenomena which are not supposed to occur if it was irradiated at room temperature. First, a bottom component cell exhibited a larger drop of Isc at a lower temperature, which potentially proposes a current limiting by the bottom sub-cell in the TJ structure. A temperature dependence of RF(Isc) recovery by an isochronal annealing and the orientation dependence of Isc degradation of the bottom component cell have implied that its degradation mechanism could be related to defect clusters formed along proton tracks, acting like insulating (non active) area for minority carriers. Second, we have observed in general larger degradation of FF and Pmax from electron irradiated TJ cells compared to proton irradiated ones. This distinct difference has originated especially from the top and bottom sub-cells due to the occurrence of excess dark current. This additional current in dark seems to be related to the indirect tunneling effect by defects induced by electron irradiation. Furthermore, EOL FF and Pmax appeared to be more and more spread from cell to cell as the electron fluence increased. A displacement damage dose (DDD) approach was applied to 1 and 2 MeV electron and proton irradiated TJ cells and its component cells. It turned out that 2 MeV electrons induced greater degradation than others for all parameters (Isc, Voc, FF, Pmax). The middle component cell showed almost a perfect match of DDD between electron and proton irradiated cells in LILT condition, indicating that the final defects produced by electron and proton irradiations are perhaps the same. TJ and its top component cell showed less degradation on Voc under the electron irradiation compared to the proton irradiation. For the Ge bottom component cell, the electron irradiation induced much larger downgrading of Voc, FF and Pmax compared to the proton irradiation. To improve the radiation hardness of the cells by reducing the excess dark current, it would be worth to decrease the doping concentration of junctions to reduce the creation of secondary defects related to impurities
Asuni, Ganiyu. "Investigation of Advanced Dose Verification Techniques for External Beam Radiation Treatment". Medical Physics, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/21706.
Pełny tekst źródłaMcBeth, Rafe A. "Active Radiation Detectors for Use in Space Beyond Low Earth Orbit| Spatial and Energy Resolution Requirements and Methods for Heavy Ion Charge Classification". Thesis, Colorado State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10604769.
Pełny tekst źródłaSpace radiation exposure to astronauts will need to be carefully monitored on future missions beyond low earth orbit. NASA has proposed an updated radiation risk framework that takes into account a significant amount of radiobiological and heavy ion track structure information. These models require active radiation detection systems to measure the energy and ion charge Z.
However, current radiation detection systems cannot meet these demands. The aim of this study was to investigate several topics that will help next generation detection systems meet the NASA objectives. Specifically, this work investigates the required spatial resolution to avoid coincident events in a detector, the effects of energy straggling and conversion of dose from silicon to water, and methods for ion identification (Z) using machine learning.
The main results of this dissertation are as follows: 1. Spatial resolution on the order of 0.1 cm is required for active space radiation detectors to have high confidence in identifying individual particles, i.e., to eliminate coincident events. 2. Energy resolution of a detector system will be limited by energy straggling effects and the conversion of dose in silicon to dose in biological tissue (water). 3. Machine learning methods show strong promise for identification of ion charge (Z) with simple detector designs.
Phillips, David J. "Transport Imaging of Spatial Distribution of Mobility- Lifetime () Product in Bulk Semiconductors for Nuclear Radiation Detection". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/7401.
Pełny tekst źródłaPapageorgiou, George Nathaniel. "A computer-aided design approach to the modelling of sound energy radiation in bounded spatial systems". Thesis, City University London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363312.
Pełny tekst źródłaWang, Wenhui. "Estimating high spatial resolution clear-sky land surface longwave radiation budget from MODIS and GOES Data". College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8247.
Pełny tekst źródłaThesis research directed by: Dept. of Geography. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
Deville, Pascal. "Modélisation et simulation des propriétés radiatives des sources lumineuses". Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10004.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe physical precision of simulations which permit the realistic visualization of a given geometric environnement depends on two factors: the precision of the physical model which describes the radiative properties of light sources (emittance) and surface (reflectance) of this environnement, and the precision of light propagation calculations between these surfaces. The work of my thesis presented here consists of defining a model for light source which permits the simulation of complex lighting system. This model takes into account any arbitrary type of spectral distributions (continuous or non-continuous) and spatial distributions (uniform or non-uniform). - In image synthesis technology today, the spectral characteristics of light sources are still often modelized in the RGB colorimetric system. This colorimetric system does not allow us to obtain precise simulations from given spectral data because it depends on display device. Methods have been recently developed to sample the wavelength domain and calculate the light propagation from this set of samplesj which however, do not permit the treatment of complex spectral characteristics. To solve this problem, we have proposed a method based upon preliminary analyse of spectrums utilized. This method removed certain constraints imposed by actual methods. -To take into account the spatial energy distribution of light sources in the illumination calculations, classical methods assume that the distributions are uniform. This simplification is unjust since artificial sources never have a uniform spatial energy distribution. To simulate this type of light sources, models based upon gonio-photometric diagram provided by the manufacturers of lighting systems have been developed. However, these methods introduce an important error in the surface illumination calculation when sources are dose to the surface. This is why we have proposed a new method founded upon a precise geometric modelization of a light fixture (lamp, reflector, lens) and consider the source like a sub-domain of this environnement which emits energy by an intermediate interface zone. Inside this sub-domain, the spatial energy distribution is calculated on the interface zone by using a projection method. The two methods (spatial and spectral distributions) actually proposed in this thesis have been experimented and will be transferred into the industrial domain further developement