Artykuły w czasopismach: „Radiation – Safety measures”

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Nair, Sajeesh S., Saral Kumar Gupta, N. S. Shine, K. T. Thomas, P. R. Bijumon, Stanly George, Sarath S. Nair i Anu K. George. "Evaluating the Cumulative Effects of Fundamental Radiation Safety Measures on Health Professionals in Cath Lab". Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 17, nr 19 (14.05.2024): 1961–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v17i19.881.

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Objectives: The significant rise in modern cath lab units has led to a proportionate increase in cath lab procedures and subsequent radiation environment may elevate the occupational radiation exposure to staff. This study aimed to assess the collective impact of fundamental radiation safety devices in the cath lab on decreasing occupational radiation exposure to staff. Methods: This study was conducted in our cath lab room, equipped with a Siemens Artis cath lab unit. Measurements were performed using RaySafe X2 detectors and Thermo Luminescent Dosimeters (TLDs). Dose assessments were conducted without safety measures and then found a considerable reduction of dose by adding basic radiation safety measures. Findings: The use of lead aprons resulted in a substantial reduction( 92%) in radiation dose. The effect of time and distance versus dose was plotted. The impact of lead flaps and the use of a ceiling suspension shield quantify reductions in scattered doses. The cumulative impact of each safety measure was calculated, and the outcome indicates a 99% reduction in dose. The importance of utilizing all available protective measures when working with radiation cannot be overstated. It is essential for maximizing safety, minimizing risks, and fostering a culture of safety within radiation environments like cath labs. Novelty: This is a thorough assessment of different radiation protection strategies in the specific setting of a Cath lab. It not only evaluates individual measures but also considers their combined impact and the calculation based on the exit dose from the patient. Keywords: Cardiologist, Radiation Dose, Interventional Radiology, Radiation protection, Cath lab

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Prasanth Dhanapal, T., Noble Joy Manayanipuram i Anuja Anna Cherian. "Radiation Safety: Endodontic Perspective". Conservative Dentistry and Endodontic Journal 2, nr 1 (2017): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10048-0017.

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ABSTRACT Endodontists belong to the category of specialist dentists who depend much on dental radiography. Starting from the stage of disease diagnosis, radiography is of much importance in different stages of endodontic therapy, and further on radiographic evaluation is a tool for assessment of endodontic treatment. There is a heavy dependency on dental radiography in some form or other in the speciality of endodontics. As is the case with any ionizing radiation, radiation hazard is a phenomenon that matters a lot to this group of dental professionals. There needs to be a change in our attitude toward radiation safety measures, as many of our professional colleagues are seen much not to be bothered about the cumulative outcomes of radiation hazard, which can create havoc in our professional and personal lives. This article outlines the potential hazards that can happen by routine radiographic utilization in endodontic setup and tries to highlight the measures that need to be taken to mitigate the negative effects. How to cite this article Manayanipuram NJ, Dhanapal P, George L, Charlie KM, Cherian AA. Radiation Safety: Endodontic Perspective. Cons Dent Endod J 2017;2(1):8-11.

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Kim, Hyun Suk, Heejeong Jeong, Hyungbin Moon i Sang Hyun Park. "Analytic Hierarchy Process for Prioritizing Radiation Safety Measures in Medical Institutions". Journal of Radiation Protection and Research 49, nr 1 (30.03.2024): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14407/jrpr.2023.00654.

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Background: This study aimed to prioritize policy measures to improve radiation safety management in medical institutions using the analytic hierarchy process.Materials and Methods: It adopted three policy options—engineering, education, and enforcement—to categorize safety management measures, the so-called Harvey’s 3Es. Then, the radiation safety management measures obtained from the current system and other studies were organized into action plan categories. Using the derived model, this study surveyed 33 stakeholders of radiation safety management in medical institutions and analyzed the importance of each measure.Results and Discussion: As a result, these stakeholders generally identified enforcement as the most important factor for improving the safety management system. The study also found that radiation safety officers and medical physicists perceived different measures as important, indicating clear differences in opinions among stakeholders, especially in improving quality assurance in radiation therapy. Hence, the process of coordination and consensus is likely to be critical in improving the radiation safety management system.Conclusion: Stakeholders in the medical field consider enforcement as the most critical factor in improving their safety management systems. Specifically, the most crucial among the six specific action plans was the “reinforcement of the organization and workforce for safety management,” with a relative importance of 25.7%

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Kumar, Suresh, Qudsia Rasool, Muhammad Nazir Awan, Naheed Fatima, Imaran Sikandar i Muhammad Haroon Anwar. "Assessment of Physician Knowledge, Attitude and Safety Practice Towards Radiation Safety". Annals of Punjab Medical College 17, nr 3 (30.09.2023): 382–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.29054/apmc/2023.1003.

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Background: Radiations plays an important role in various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures within health facilities, but its use poses inherent risks to both healthcare professionals and patients. Understanding the knowledge, attitude, and safety practices of physicians in relation to radiation safety is paramount for ensuring the well-being of all stakeholders involved. Physicians, as key decision-makers in medical procedures involving radiation, need to be well-informed about the associated risks and safety measures. Objective: To determine the physician knowledge, attitude and safety practice towards radiation safety. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Settings: Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad Pakistan. Duration: March 2020 to February 2021. Methods: All the physician relevant to exposure to ionizing radiation, such as radiology, nuclear medicine, interventional cardiology, and oncology, having minimum one year or more experience in radiological field of either age and gender were included. Data collection was carried out through a structured questionnaire, specifically designed to evaluate participants' understanding of radiation safety principles, their attitudes towards adherence to safety protocols, and their day-to-day practices in radiological procedures. The collected data was analyzed using appropriate statistical methods SPSS version 26. Results: Majority of participants experience medical radiation exposure less than once per week (42.1%), with a significant portion having exposure more than three times per week (40.8%). 90.8% of participants have never undergone a radiation protection course, despite 73.7% expressing willingness to participate in such a course if provided by their institution. 52.7% strongly disagreed that radiation significantly affects childbearing, while 39.5% believe they are safe within 1 meter of radiation exposure. On a positive note, 86.8% of participants correctly identified the ALARA principle for radiation protection. Regarding the implementation of safety protocols, only 28.9% were more likely to wear a lead apron, and 22.4% never wore it. Conclusion: Health care professionals lacks adequate knowledge, training and attitude regarding radiation safety protocols. Lack of adequate knowledge and training leads to poor utilization of radiation safety equipment and it is a source of health hazard for both medical professionals and the patients.

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Maguire, Erin, i Alison Spurr. "Implementation of Ultraviolet Radiation Safety Measures for Outdoor Workers". Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 21, nr 2 (9.12.2016): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1203475416683389.

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Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) poses a major risk for outdoor workers, putting them at greater risk for skin cancer. In the general population, the incidence of both melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers is increasing. It is estimated that 90% of skin cancers in Canada are directly attributable to UVR exposure, making this cancer largely preventable with the appropriate precautions. A scoping review was conducted on the barriers and facilitators to UVR safety in outdoor workers to elucidate why these precautions are not in use currently. We discuss these results according to the Hierarchy of Controls as a means to outline effective and feasible prevention strategies for outdoor workers. In doing so, this review may be used to inform the design of future workplace interventions for UVR safety in outdoor workers to decrease the risk of skin cancer in this vulnerable population.

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Xia, P., N. Yu, M. D. Kolar, A. R. Godley, S. T. Chao, R. D. Tendulkar i J. H. Suh. "Quantitative Measures Improve Safety, Quality, and Efficiency in Radiation Therapy". International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 96, nr 2 (październik 2016): S232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.577.

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Soison, Jeewarit, i Manint Usawachintachit. "Radiation safety and protection in urology". Insight Urology 43, nr 2 (25.12.2022): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52786/isu.a.60.

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Urologists are inevitably exposed to ionizing radiation for the length of their professional career due to medical practices in their field. However, awareness with regard to safe practices and the use of protective gear are frequently inadequate. Several studies have confirmed the potential long-term adverse effects of radiation exposure upon patients and medical personnel. All urologists, therefore, need a thorough understanding of radiation physics, and the adverse effects, safety issues, and protective measures associated with the medical practices. This understanding will serve as a foundation for the optimal utilization of radiation and the safety of patients and medical personnel.

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Goula, Aspasia, Athanasios Chatzis, Maria-Aggeliki Stamouli, Martha Kelesi, Evridiki Kaba i Emmanouil Brilakis. "Assessment of Health Professionals’ Attitudes on Radiation Protection Measures". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 24 (19.12.2021): 13380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413380.

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(1) Background: Health professionals’ knowledge, beliefs and perceptions concerning radiation protection may affect their behaviour during surgery and consequently influence the quality of health services. This study highlights the health professionals’ average knowledge level and captures the beliefs, perceptions, and behaviours in a large public Greek hospital. (2) Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, including health professionals working in operating rooms. One hundred thirty-two staff members participated by responding to an original questionnaire. The sample consisted of nurses, radiographers and medical doctors of various specialties involved daily in surgical procedures where ionizing radiation is required. The survey was conducted from March to June 2021, and the response rate was 97%. (3) Results: The level of overall knowledge of health professionals regarding radiation protection safety was not satisfactory. Females and employees with a lower level of education had more misconceptions about radiation and radiation protection. Employees of younger ages and with less previous experience were more likely to have negative emotions towards radiation exposure. Finally, employees with fewer children tended to express physical complaints caused by their negative emotions due to radiation exposure. (4) Conclusions: Health professionals’ lack of basic and specialized knowledge concerning radiation protection safety had a negative impact on the provision of health services. The continuing training of the staff seemed to be the only solution to reverse this trend. The training should highlight how radiation exposure can be minimized, safeguarding health professionals’ trust and sense of security by significantly improving their working environment.

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Rahman, Herdani, Joko Harjanto, Rheiner Nicholaus Mawar, Adi Sutrisno i Haekal Ilmi. "BEST PRACTICE PERAN TIM PETUGAS PROTEKSI RADIASI (PPR) DALAM IMPLEMENTASI KESELAMATAN RADIASI DI MANDAYA ROYAL HOSPITAL PURI". Prosiding Seminar Si-INTAN 3, nr 1 (25.10.2023): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.53862/ssi.v3.092023.023.

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Utilizing ionizing radiation sources at Mandaya Royal Hospital Puri requires strict implementation of radiation protection measures. The principles of radiation protection must be applied meticulously, considering the potential effects. The hospital has a team of radiation protection officers (RPO) comprising radiographers and medical physicists responsible for ensuring radiation safety and implementing radiation protection measures. The RPO team has conducted various radiation protection activities between January and July 2023, including monitoring radiation worker doses, optimizing patient radiation doses, conducting internal and external quality control, checking radiation protection equipment, monitoring supporting equipment related to radiation safety, socializing radiation protection across all hospital departments, and testing room radiation exposure. The RPO team has been executing their 2023 program, adhering to the best practices. The hospital management plays a crucial role in carrying out radiation protection activities, and their support and commitment are vital to the practical and sustainable implementation of the RPO team's activities. Keywords: Radiation protection officers (RPO), radiation safety culture, radiation dose, radiation protection.

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Jha, Prashant Kumar, Rajdeep Thidwar i Piyush Yadav. "Assessment of Knowledge and Awareness about Basics of Radiation and Safety Measures among Allied Health Science Professionals Including Radiographers and Students of Radiology and Imaging Technology: University Based Study". International Journal of Research and Review 9, nr 7 (20.07.2022): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220728.

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Aim & Objective-This study has been undertaken to assess the knowledge and awareness about basics of radiation and safety measures in diagnostic radiology among allied health professionals including, Radiographers, and students of Radiology and imaging technology. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire based survey was performed to collect data of knowledge about the radiation awareness and safety measures using in diagnostic radiology, among allied health professionals including radiographers, and students of Radiology and imaging technology. Result- Knowledge about principle of radiation protection was very disappointing, because 30.60% of the participants know the basic principle of radiation protection (Justification, Optimization, and Dose Limit). 43.40% participants said that, ALARA is the basic principle of radiation protection while 26% participants said that, TDS (Time, Distance and Shielding) is the basic principle of radiation protection. Discussion-Majority of participants needs to improve their knowledge about the radiation awareness and safety measure. Keywords: Radiation, Safety, Protection, Radiation awareness.

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Shandala, N. K., V. G. Starinskiy, M. P. Semenova, A. A. Filonova, Yu A. Salenko, R. A. Starinskaya, D. V. Isaev, V. A. Seregin, Yu V. Gushchina i A. A. Shitova. "The Role of the Federal State Budget Organization “SSC – Federal Medical and Biophysical Center named after A.I. Burnazyan” of Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia in the Provision of Sanitary-Epidemiological Welfare and Radiation Safety in Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation". Disaster Medicine, nr 1 (kwiecień 2023): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33266/2070-1004-2023-1-5-8.

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Summary. The experience of work of FSO “SSC – Federal Medical and Biophysical Center named after A.I. Burnazyan” of FMBA of Russia to provision of radiation-hygienic measures in the support of works to elimination of nuclear researching objects in Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and to provision of radiation safety of people who live near these objects was presented. As a result of provision of radiation-hygienic measures the following tasks were solved: – to define the priority directions for regulation in the radiation safety the radiological threats were assessed; – a detailed analysis of radiological situation in the temporary storage points (TSP) of its spent nuclear fuel (ISNF) and nuclear waste (NW), on their yards and in the monitoring zones and in the areas of people living was done; – the measures for providing of radiation safety of stuff and people who live near radiation dangerous objects (RDO) were kept; – a culture of safety during a monitoring and control of risks of stuff professional reliability violation was ensured. – an expertise of the projects of documents about a rehabilitation of polluted areas was completed

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Simakov, Anatoly V., Yu V. Abramov i N. L. Proskuryakova. "RADIATION HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF THE SAFETY CONTROL OF THE PERSONNEL". Hygiene and sanitation 96, nr 9 (27.03.2019): 878–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-9-878-882.

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Control of the radiation safety of workers is the one of the principal tasks of regulatory bodies responsible for the radiation safety and protection. This task is solved through the implementation of a set of organizational and technical measures, including:1) Organization and the execution of radiation monitoring; 2) Prediction of exposure doses to workers; 3) Selection of workers for the execution of radiation hazardous operations including emergency remedial works; 4) Planning of activities to implement the principle of the optimization of radiation protection; 6) Development and establishment of reference levels of exposure to radiation factors; 5) Organization of education and training of the personnel; 7) Continuous improvement of the occupational safety culture etc. The paper describes main actions of the management of radiation facilities aimed at the implementation of the above mentioned measures. Special attention is paid to the selection of the personnel of the required qualifications, possessing a sufficient reserve of an individual dose, to carry out radiation hazardous operations, to predict radiation doses to justify the development of the necessary protective measures and to plan actions to implement the principle of optimization of the radiation protection. The active use of the computer information and analytical system for the management of the protection from the occupational radiation is recommended. This system should include: 1. Database of individual occupational doses; 2. Database of radiation parameters characterizing the situation in workshops and at the industrial site of the radiation facility; 3. Software package for education and training of the personnel. The making of managerial decisions for the radiation protection of the personnel is aimed at increasing in the occupational reliability and, ultimately, improving the safety of radiation facilities, maintaining health and increasing the professional longevity of workers.

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Rahman, Md Hafizur. "Radiation Hazard, Safety, Control and Protection". Faridpur Medical College Journal 14, nr 2 (14.07.2020): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v14i2.48188.

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The field of Radiology and Nuclear medicine has advanced from era of X-rays to today's modern imaging techniques, most of which use the ionizing radiation. With the benefits of better diagnosis and treatment, it has caused manifold increase in radiation exposure to the patients and the radiology and nuclear medicine personnel. Many studies done till date have clearly documented the harmful effects of ionizing radiation from radiation exposure, especially cancer. This is more important in paediatric population as their tissues are more radiosensitive, and they have more years to live. Diagnostic and therapeutic radiological procedures including nuclear medicine are integral part of modern medical practices, exposing both patients and medical staff to ionizing radiation. Without proper protective measures, this radiation causes many negative health effects. Hence, proper knowledge and awareness regarding the radiation hazards and radiation protection is mandatory for health professionals, especially the nuclear medicine and radiology professionals. International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP) has recommended two basic principles of radiation protection, justification of the practice and optimization of protection. Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2019;14(2): 100-103

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Chiaghanam, Ndubuisi. "Awareness of Theatre Team to Radiation Risk From C-Arm During Surgical Procedures: A Case Study of University of Calabar Teaching Hospital in Nigeria". Journal of Scientific Research in Medical and Biological Sciences 3, nr 2 (4.07.2022): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47631/jsrmbs.v3i2.475.

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Purpose: This study aims to assess the awareness of the theatre team to radiation risk from C-arm as well as their adherence to radiation protection or safety measures in the study Centre. Methods: A non-experimental descriptive design was adopted for this study and a well-structured 27 item questionnaire was distributed to 52 members of the surgical theatre: Surgeons, Anesthesiologists, Theatre nurses and Radiographers in the selected hospital. Of this sample, 49 respondents returned their questionnaires. Results. Results from this study reveal a high level (83.67%) of knowledge of radiation risk from C-arm. A greater percentage of the respondents have an average level of knowledge of radiation protection or safety measures: Surgeons (58.8%), Anesthesiologists (50%), and Theatre Nurses (33.3%). Of this percentage on awareness, only 41.1% of Surgeons, 30% of Anesthesiologists, 16.6% of theatre Nurses adhere to these radiation protection/safety measures. This study further reveals a low level of awareness and use of radiation monitoring devices: Surgeons (29.4%), Anesthesiologists (10%), and Theatre Nurses (8.3%). Also, the study shows that the surgical team spends long periods during surgical procedures: 4 hours (24.48%), 6 hours (20.4%), 12 hours (6.12%), thus increasing their susceptibility to radiation effects. The study further affirms that a lesser percentage of the respondents (44.89%) knew the safest positioning of the radiation-emitting tube, meaning that a greater percentage of the respondents don’t know the safest position to take during beam-on periods. Conclusion: This study shows a high level of knowledge of radiation risk, an average level of awareness to radiation protection/safety measures and a poor level adherence of these measures by the theater team.

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Sidi, M., A. England, U. Mansur, ZI Muhammad, I. Garba, DJ Zira, U. Abubakar, AA Abubakar, A. Ya’u i G. Luntsi. "Radiation protection measures of the radiological facilities in Kano metropolis, Nigeria". West African Journal of Radiology 29, nr 2 (2022): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/wajr.wajr_4_22.

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Abstract Introduction: The medical use of ionizing radiation contributes the largest amount of man-made radiation exposure and ranks second to natural background radiation. Adhering to the standard radiation protection measures minimizes radiation dose to patients, staff, and other public members. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate radiation protection measures in radiological facilities in the Kano metropolis, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Kano metropolis, Nigeria, between February 2021 and May 2021. A structured questionnaire was formulated. The measuring tool was validated by expert and experienced colleagues. The reliability of the measuring tool was tested using a pilot study, and Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient was found to be 0.815. A total of 101 respondents were recruited. These were the radiographers working in the functional radiological facilities. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23.0, and P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: X-ray room design was sufficient in the majority of radiological facilities 67 (66.7%). Insufficient availability of personnel protective devices in 47 (46.9%) respondents was observed. The majority, 24 (23.9%) of the respondents, indicated poor utilization of personnel protective devices. There was insufficient registration and records of radiation safety measures 26 (26.0%). Only 48 (47.5%) respondents indicated the availability of a QA committee in their facility. Fifty-two (51.5%) of the respondents reported that they have medical physicists/engineers available to provide support within their department, while only 25 (25.7%) had radiation safety officers in their facilities. There was a weak negative correlation between lead aprons and lead rubber gloves with the level of staff training, respectively (r = −0.254, P = 0.010; r = −0.214, P = 0.031). Conclusion: There was sufficient X-ray room design in the Kano metropolis. An insufficient availability of personal protective devices, poor utilization, registration, and records of radiation safety measures was observed. There were inadequate QA committee and QC test in the majority of the radiological facilities. A weak negative correlation was observed between the use of lead aprons and lead rubber gloves with the level of staff training.

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Gour, Sushil, Rajesh Kumar Maurya, Punya Pratap Singh, Himanshu Sharma i Prashant Maravi. "Evaluation of physicians and junior residents’ knowledge and awareness of radiation dose and its risks: a cross-sectional survey in tertiary health centre of central India". International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, nr 1 (23.12.2017): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20175502.

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Background: The frequency of radiological investigations increases to many fold now-a-days, so it is necessary to know the knowledge of all physicians about radiation dose, safety measures and regulations which governs the use and practice of radiation examination and their therapeutic use. The objectives comprise to investigate amongst all Physicians: (1) level of knowledge and awareness of radiation dose of radiological investigations and radiobiology of radiation exposure, and (2) to assess physicians’ knowledge about the risks associated with the use of radiological examinations and their safety measures.Methods: A questionnaire targeting about knowledge, safety measures, and radiation biology about some commonly performed radiological procedures was addressed: (1) Relative radiation doses, (2) Associated risks of radiation exposure, (3) What safety measures should be considered before examination. (4) What risk and hazards all physicians considered when requesting radiological examinations.Results: A questionnaire answered by physicians demonstrates loops in knowledge. In all, 15% (14/92) incorrectly believed that magnetic resonance imaging involved radiation exposure and 3% (3/92) incorrectly believed that ultrasound involved radiation exposure; 38% (35/92) stated that they always explain the benefits and risk of radiation to their patients when obtaining informed consent for examinations involving radiation.Conclusions: This study concluded a deficit of knowledge about radiation dose exposure, and hazards among Physicians, which may cause them to request more radiological investigations than appropriate and high-dose investigations instead of lower dose alternatives. Providing better radiation protection training may help improve their basic knowledge on the subject and reduce unnecessary patient exposure to radiation.

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Msuega Daniel Chia, Hameed Mohammad, Teryima Joseph Iortile, Kator Paul Iorpagher i Aondoaseer Alexis Ugande. "Mobile phones usage and awareness of potential health risks from radiation emitted by mobile phones among medical students at Benue State University (BSU), Makurdi". World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 16, nr 1 (30.10.2022): 557–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.16.1.1029.

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The global increase in mobile phone (MP) usage in proximity to the human-body and proliferation of base stations has created potential health concerns about exposure to radiation emitted from these devices. This study aims to identify students who are knowledgeable about radiation emitted from MPs, assess their degree of awareness of the potential health risks from MP usage, and suggest precautionary and safety measures that can reduce or eliminate the health hazards of MP radiation. We prospectively evaluated medical students' knowledge of MP-emitted radiation, potential health risks, precautionary and safety measures at Benue State University (BSU), Makurdi, between May 13th and July 12th, 2022. Data was obtained through a well-structured questionnaire, analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 with a p value<0.05. Results were presented in tables and figures. The study included 147 fourth-sixth year medical students, aged 20-38 years, male: female ratio 3:1, and mean age of 26.5±3.4. Knowledge of radiation emitted from MPs was high, 134(91.2%), especially among final year students. Similarly, 93 (63.3%) students were aware of potential health risks associated with MP usage, with some evidently experiencing the negative consequences. Many students ignored precautionary measures and continued making long phone-conversations 80(54.4%), putting MPs in their pockets 92(62.6%) and at their bed-head 77(52.4%), prompting crucial safety measures. Knowledge of radiation emitted by MPs was outstanding, with considerable awareness of potential health risks from MP usage. Important safety measures were proposed, even though the precautionary measures to minimize these risks were largely ignored.

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IIMOTO, Takeshi, Keiji KIMURA, Eriko HAYASHI, Tomoko M. NAKANISHI, Toshiso KOSAKO i Nobuyuki SUGIURA. "Internal/International Situation on Safety for Nuclear Materials, and Discussion on Measures in Facilities". RADIOISOTOPES 57, nr 6 (2008): 393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.57.393.

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Stein, Y. "Preventive measures to reduce harmful effects produced by electromagnetic radiation on health". Health Risk Analysis, nr 3 (wrzesień 2021): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2021.3.04.

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Man-made electromagnetic waves are the most widely and rapidly expanding exposure in today's world, including exposure in several frequency groups: extremely low frequencies (ELF) from electricity lines, hybrid car batteries and high power lines (>3 Hz–3 kHz), radiofrequency (RF) and microwave frequencies including millimeter waves (3 kHz–300 GHz) from mobile phones, towers, base stations and wireless devices, and intermediate frequencies "Dirty Electricity" emitted from power lines. While such organizations as ICNIRP (the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection) still continue to claim that electromagnetic radiation can cause "only thermal effects", clinging to theory that does not match facts and upholding obsolete thermal safety standards, extensive scientific evidence has clearly demonstrated that non-thermal health effects produced by electromagnetic radiation do exist, are important to health, and should be taken into consideration when safety standards are set. This review aims to highlight some evidence of biologic effects in various body systems, and to suggest preventive measures to reduce such effects on health. Exposure to electromagnetic radiation at intensities lower than thermal safety standards has been associated with non-thermal biological effects including damage and changes to cells and DNA. This review presents evidence of such effects demonstrated in: the hematologic system, the nervous system, the immune system, the reproductive system, the skin and muscles, the cardiovascular system, glucose metabolism, and Electrohypersensitivity ("Microwave sickness"). Protective measures are then suggested to reduce these effects.

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Stein, Y. "Preventive measures to reduce harmful effects produced by electromagnetic radiation on health". Health Risk Analysis, nr 3 (wrzesień 2021): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2021.3.04.eng.

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Man-made electromagnetic waves are the most widely and rapidly expanding exposure in today's world, including ex- posure in several frequency groups: extremely low frequencies (ELF) from electricity lines, hybrid car batteries and high power lines (>3 Hz–3 kHz), radiofrequency (RF) and microwave frequencies including millimeter waves (3 kHz–300 GHz) from mobile phones, towers, base stations and wireless devices, and intermediate frequencies "Dirty Electricity" emitted from power lines. While such organizations as ICNIRP (the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection) still con- tinue to claim that electromagnetic radiation can cause "only thermal effects", clinging to theory that does not match facts and upholding obsolete thermal safety standards, extensive scientific evidence has clearly demonstrated that non-thermal health effects produced by electromagnetic radiation do exist, are important to health, and should be taken into considera- tion when safety standards are set. This review aims to highlight some evidence of biologic effects in various body systems, and to suggest preventive measures to reduce such effects on health. Exposure to electromagnetic radiation at intensities lower than thermal safety standards has been associated with non- thermal biological effects including damage and changes to cells and DNA. This review presents evidence of such effects demonstrated in: the hematologic system, the nervous system, the immune system, the reproductive system, the skin and muscles, the cardiovascular system, glucose metabolism, and Electrohypersen- sitivity ("Microwave sickness"). Protective measures are then suggested to reduce these effects.

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Shohji, T., T. Ishibashi, Y. Murayama, T. Saguchi, M. Ebara, K. Irie, H. Takao i T. Abe. "Radiation Exposure during Cerebral Artery Aneurysm Coil Embolization: The Current Situation and Measures to Prevent Radiation Injury". Interventional Neuroradiology 13, nr 1_suppl (marzec 2007): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15910199070130s110.

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Coil embolization is the treatment of choice for cerebral artery aneurysms at our institution. The duration of a fluoroscopic study and frequency of radiation exposure are varied, and the safety measures against radiation injury have not yet been established. Guidelines about radiation injury prevention with IVR have been published. However, there is not yet a detailed report for the head region. We also report our measures to try to reduce the amount of radiation exposure during the embolization procedure in our institution.

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Haq, M. Mohib-ul, Ghulam Mohammad Mir, Nazir Ahmad Khan, Mohammad Ashraf Teli, M. Maqbool Lone, Fir Afroz, Shoukat H. Khan, Tanveer A. Rather i Aijaz Ahmad Khan. "Study of Radiation Safety Concerns in Departments of Diagnostic Radiology of various Hospitals of Kashmir valley". JMS SKIMS 13, nr 2 (17.12.2010): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33883/jms.v13i2.48.

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BACKGROUND: A primary consideration in any radiographic procedure is to reduce the dose to the patient and the operator while still achieving the diagnostic goals. OBJECTIVE: To study the radiation exposure and protective measures in different units of various hospitals in Kashmir valley in compliance to recommendations from regulatory authorities. METHODS: Twenty-eight stationary X-ray units of various major hospitals of the Kashmir Valley were surveyed by the radiation safety group of SKIMS. Panoramic survey meter, Thyac-V survey meter-470A, Prima-7 digital survey meters were used for radiation exposure estimations. The radiation level measurements were carried out at different critical locations like control console, door and the corridor adjacent to the Diagnostic equipment and were compared with the standards of AERB and IAEA. RESULTS: Of the 28 stationary X-Ray units identified 21 were functional and surveyed. Seventy seven Radiation workers (Technicians) operating these units perform about 1335 diagnostic procedures daily on these units. Out of 21 X-ray units surveyed, 9 (42.86%) had dose rate at the control panel within the permissible limits and 12(57.14%) had exposure levels higher than permissible limits. The dose levels at the door and corridor were exceeding the permissible limits in all the units. Most of the radiation workers had no concept of radiation protective measures and did not use any personal radiation monitoring device like TLD (Thermo-luminescent dosimeter). CONCLUSIONS: To avoid radiation exposure, the radiation safety measures ought to be strictly followed which is possible by making the concerned authorities answerable and accountable. Also the radiation workers need to be made aware of hazards of radiation exposure, importance of using personnel monitoring devices and providing knowledge about the safety measures. (JMS 2010;13(2):51-55)

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Ahmed, Yasmine, Cristalle Soman, Soad AlQahtani i Alya Almahdi. "Knowledge and Awareness of Radiation Hazards and Safety among Dental Hygienists, Dental Assistants and Dental Assistant Interns in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia". Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research 35, nr 22 (20.10.2023): 226–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2023/v35i225263.

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Introduction: X-ray plays a significant role in the field of dentistry and has a variety of uses in dental practice from diagnosis of tooth decay, periodontal diseases and bone defects to more sophisticated applications such as precision implant planning. The dental staff personnel use different modalities of X-rays on daily basis such as intra-oral radiography and cone beam computed tomography, although diagnostic X-rays have low quantum of ionizing radiation safety measures should be taken into consideration. All health care personnel are trained regrading radiation hazard and safety measures. Aim: To identify the level of Knowledge and awareness about radiation hazards and safety practices among dental hygienists, dental assistants and dental assistant interns in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A survey based on cross sectional study was conducted among (n=321) dental hygienists, dental assistants and dental assistant interns in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The survey was distributed using mixed methods as handout papers and online mediums. The questionnaire comprised of 14 questions (the total of demographic data was four (4) questions and for knowledge and awareness was ten (10) questions. Results: From the (321) participants (75.7 %) responses had expected correct answers. The majority of participants (86%) considered dental x-rays to be harmful to all types of patients. Conclusion: Within limitations of this study, dental assistants, dental hygienists and dental assisting interns had adequate knowledge and awareness of radiation hazards and safety measures, however, there is a need for continual teaching of ALARA principle and radiation safety protocols during pregnancy to ensure maximum safety.

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Savelyev, Anatoly Petrovich, Vladimir Stepanovich Shkrabak, Sergey Viktorovich Glotov, Svetlana Anatolievna Enaleeva i Aleksey Mikhailovich Chugunov. "Optimization of fire safety measures at the agribusiness protection facility with a mass stay of people". Agrarian Scientific Journal, nr 6 (26.06.2023): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i6pp136-146.

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Studies have shown that when assessing safety conditions, it is possible to use methods for calculating the consequences of exposure to damaging factors of fire and explosion: thermal radiation of a strait fire; thermal effects of combustion products of a vapor-air cloud in the event of a flash fire; shock wave during combustion of a vapor-air cloud; thermal radiation of a fireball. At the same time, additional research is required in order to adjust the regulatory framework in the field of fire safety.

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Meier, Matthias M., Kyle Copeland, Klara E. J. Klöble, Daniel Matthiä, Mona C. Plettenberg, Kai Schennetten, Michael Wirtz i Christine E. Hellweg. "Radiation in the Atmosphere—A Hazard to Aviation Safety?" Atmosphere 11, nr 12 (14.12.2020): 1358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11121358.

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Exposure of aircrew to cosmic radiation has been recognized as an occupational health risk for several decades. Based on the recommendations by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), many countries and their aviation authorities, respectively have either stipulated legal radiation protection regulations, e.g., in the European Union or issued corresponding advisory circulars, e.g., in the United States of America. Additional sources of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, e.g., due to weather phenomena have been identified and discussed in the scientific literature in recent years. This article gives an overview of the different generally recognized sources due to weather as well as space weather phenomena that contribute to radiation exposure in the atmosphere and the associated radiation effects that might pose a risk to aviation safety at large, including effects on human health and avionics. Furthermore, potential mitigation measures for several radiation sources and the prerequisites for their use are discussed.

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Umaru, Babagana, Samson D. Yusuf, Mustapha M. Idris i Shuaibu U. Hambali. "Assessment of Attitude, Behaviours and Knowledge of Health and Medical Staff on Radiation Safety Awareness and Protection Compliance". African Journal of Advances in Science and Technology Research 15, nr 1 (4.07.2024): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.62154/1fhpvr53.

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This research project's sole goal is to evaluate the attitudes, behaviours, and knowledge of health and medical staff—who are frequently exposed to ionizing radiations during diagnostic and treatment procedures—about radiation safety awareness and compliance. There are a number of potential issues with safety culture and radiation protection in radiology departments that need to be addressed. From January to April of 2024, the research project was conducted in two sizable hospitals in Maiduguri, Nigeria's Borno state. This is a descriptive research study that uses the questionnaire technique as one of its research tools. Participants were chosen at random to complete the 16 multiple-choice questions on the self-administered questionnaire, which asks about their knowledge, awareness, and compliance with radiation safety. Using a data analysis computer application, the collected data was statically analysed (SPSS) The research's findings indicate that the average score on an assessment of radiation knowledge and awareness was 92%, and that the rate of use of personal radiation protection equipment (shielding devices) such as lead collars, lead goggles, thyroid collars, and shields was in compliance with radiation safety procedures, 81% of respondents demonstrated good adherence, 15% demonstrated moderate adherence, and 4% demonstrated poor adherence. Additionally, the majority of the X-ray machines in the study centres were not brand-new, although quality assurance (QA) is regularly conducted at both study centres, during the study period, the medical and health professionals at the two hospitals in the study area demonstrated a strong understanding of radiation and adherence to radiation protection measures. Nevertheless, neither facility had enough contemporary radiation protective equipment. The administration of the affected hospitals must provide personnel with more radiation protection equipment so they can shield patients, the public, and themselves from the damaging effects of ionizing radiation.

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Azmoonfar, Rasool, Masoud Moslehi, Alireza Khoshghadam i Taleb Khodaveisi. "Occupational Radiation Exposure of Surgical Teams: A Mini-Review on Radiation Protection in the Operating Room". Avicenna journal of Care and Health in Operating Room 2, nr 1 (20.02.2024): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ajchor.41.

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Radiation exposure poses a significant occupational hazard to surgical teams working in the operating room (OR), especially with the increasing use of fluoroscopy and interventional radiological procedures. Therefore, exploring the importance of radiation protection and discussing strategies to minimize occupational radiation exposure among surgical teams in this mini-review are crucial. This review will explore the risks associated with radiation exposure, current regulations and guidelines, and effective measures for radiation protection in the OR. Personal protective equipment (PPE), such as lead aprons, thyroid shields, lead gloves, and lead glasses, is essential in mitigating radiation exposure. However, implementing radiation safety protocols, optimizing the positioning of radiation sources, employing suitable shielding materials, and regularly monitoring radiation levels further enhance protection. Education and training programs ensure that surgical teams are knowledgeable about radiation safety, while technological advancements offer innovative tools for reducing direct radiation exposure. By prioritizing radiation protection practices, surgical teams can ensure long-term health and safety in the OR.

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Rusch, Fabienne M., Michael M. Bornstein i Dorothea Dagassan-Berndt. "The use of protection measures in dento-maxillofacial radiology in Europe: a survey among experts". SWISS DENTAL JOURNAL SSO – Science and Clinical Topics 133, nr 1 (9.01.2023): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.61872/sdj-2023-01-01.

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Patient contact shielding to reduce radiation exposure to radiosensitive organs of patients is known to be used inconsistently in the field of dento-maxillofacial radiology (DMFR). There is an ongoing discussion if its use is still justified with regard to recent technical enhancements in the field. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the recommended and applied safety standards regarding dose protection measures in dental radiology within European countries. With an online questionnaire the use of safety measures, especially lead protection and collimation, in different patient groups (adults, children, pregnant women) was interrogated including leading experts in the field of DMFR. Among the 24 participants from 13 different countries, there was a tendency towards lead protection for intraoral radiography and towards collimation for extraoral radiography. Participants based their decision mainly on law and societal guidelines. Overall, the application of radiation protection measures varies within Europe. It seems safe to say that lead protection as a measure of radiation dose limitation is still recommendable even though collimation and technical advancements have led to great dose reductions. Collimation should be used more broadly and a standardization of protection measures and an update of radiation protection guidelines in Europe is desirable.

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Rusch, Fabienne M., Michael M. Bornstein i Dorothea Dagassan-Berndt. "The use of protection measures in dento-maxillofacial radiology in Europe: a survey among experts". SWISS DENTAL JOURNAL SSO – Science and Clinical Topics 133, nr 1 (9.01.2023): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.61872/sdj-2023-01-919.

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Patient contact shielding to reduce radiation exposure to radiosensitive organs of patients is known to be used inconsistently in the field of dento-maxillofacial radiology (DMFR). There is an ongoing discussion if its use is still justified with regard to recent technical enhancements in the field. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the recommended and applied safety standards regarding dose protection measures in dental radiology within European countries. With an online questionnaire the use of safety measures, especially lead protection and collimation, in different patient groups (adults, children, pregnant women) was interrogated including leading experts in the field of DMFR. Among the 24 participants from 13 different countries, there was a tendency towards lead protection for intraoral radiography and towards collimation for extraoral radiography. Participants based their decision mainly on law and societal guidelines. Overall, the application of radiation protection measures varies within Europe. It seems safe to say that lead protection as a measure of radiation dose limitation is still recommendable even though collimation and technical advancements have led to great dose reductions. Collimation should be used more broadly and a standardization of protection measures and an update of radiation protection guidelines in Europe is desirable. Accepted for publication: September 12, 2022 Published online: September 13, 2022

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Lobach, Yu M., S. Yu Lobach i V. M. Shevel. "Preliminary safety analysis at the decommissioning of the WWR-M research reactor". Nuclear Physics and Atomic Energy 23, nr 2 (25.06.2022): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/jnpae2022.02.107.

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Following the demands established by the current Ukrainian legislation, the Decommissioning Concept for the WWR-M research reactor was recently approved. The Concept envisages a strategy of immediate dismantling; it identifies and justifies the main technical and organizational measures for the preparation and implementation of decommissioning, the sequence of planned works and activities, as well as the necessary conditions and infrastructure. Decommissioning requires proper planning and demonstration that all planned dismantling works will be carried out safely. Presented safety assessment is a mandatory component of the Concept and the most important element of the overarching technological scheme. The purpose of the safety analysis is to provide input for detailed planning on how to ensure safety during decommissioning. Based on the results of the safety analysis, the measures to ensure radiation protection are defined while justifying their necessity and sufficiency.

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Kuznecov, V., O. Kondrat'eva, S. Priymak, K. Ceytin i E. Yurchevskiy. "Ensuring of Nuclear, Radiation and Environmental Safety for a Floating Nuclear Power Plant based on KLT‑40S Reactor Installations". Safety in Technosphere 9, nr 2 (16.03.2021): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1998-071x-2021-9-2-10-19.

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Main principles and criteria for nuclear and radiation safety of a floating nuclear power plant have been considered. It has been shown that the existing regulatory framework, technical and organizational safety measures for nuclear and radiation safety of a floating nuclear power plant are sufficient, and operation of the floating nuclear power plant won't lead to an irradiation of the population above recommended norms both at its normal work, and in case of project accidents and under-project ones.

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El-Feky, AsmaaA, RaniaM El-Sallamy, AliA El-Sherbeni i Hagras El-Mursi Hagras. "Safety measures among workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation in Tanta University Hospitals". Tanta Medical Journal 45, nr 4 (2017): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/tmj.tmj_29_17.

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Elkoushy, Mohamed A., i Sero Andonian. "Prevalence of Orthopedic Complaints Among Endourologists and Their Compliance with Radiation Safety Measures". Journal of Endourology 25, nr 10 (październik 2011): 1609–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/end.2011.0109.

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Hadiza Gambo Rimi, Emmanuel Joseph, Dimas Skam Joseph i Dlama Zira Joseph. "Evaluation of shielding thickness in the radio-diagnostic facility of Turai Yaradua Maternity and Children Hospital Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria". International Journal of Science and Research Archive 9, nr 2 (30.07.2023): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2023.9.2.0529.

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The medical application of radiation can induce radio-biological effects which makes it necessary to ensure some safety precautions, of which, room shielding is one of those safety measures. The aim of this study was to assess the lead wall lining thickness of the radio-diagnostic room of Turai Yaradua Maternity and Children Hospital Katsina. The required lead wall lining thickness was estimated using NCRP 147 formulations. The measured area of the radio-diagnostic room was 39.44 m2. The maximum required lead thickness values were estimated as 1.1 mm and 0.8 mm for erect and supine radiographic positions, respectively, while, the installed lead wall lining thickness was 2 mm. The area monitoring revealed that there was no leakage radiation. Though, the shielding was adequate and there was no leakage radiation, it is however recommended that the radiation workers maintain maximum distance, minimum exposure time and use shielding barrier in order to ensure minimal occupational radiation exposure. Periodic area monitoring is also encouraged in order to prevent radiation exposure of the members of the public.

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Dvoretskyi, A. I., V. I. Liashenko, F. F. Topolnyi i L. A. Bajdak. "ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY IN THE ZONE OF INFLUENCE OF URE-NEW PRODUCTION". Metallurgicheskaya i gornorudnaya promyshlennost, №6, 2018, nr 6 (2018): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33101/s065678934.

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Purpose. Improving environmental safety in the zone of influence of uranium production based on an assessment of its impact on the environment and population, the development and implementation of engineering solutions and measures aimed at reducing the impact of radiation and other polluting factors. Metodology. Radiometric measurements of exposure dose and γ-radiation intensity, measurements of γ and β-radioactivity, γ-radiation exposure dose rate, determination of the γ-absorbed dose rate in the air, analysis of the results, statistical and mathematical methods of research using integrated systems approaches according to standard and new methods Findings. It is shown that the improvement of the environmental situation at the sites of mountain sites is achieved through the implementation of planning activities that include: organizing storm sewers to collect surface and filtered water through the dumps, and feed them to the mine water treatment plant; isolation of the surface of the dumps by the soil and vegetative layer, which prevents dust emission and migration of radionuclides from the effects of precipitation; recultivation of contaminated with radionuclides in the process of production activities of local areas with a total area of 20 thousand square meters. Originality. Rehabilitation measures to minimize negative effects on the environment and human health from the effects of radiation and other factors have been scientifically substantiated, developed and implemented. The proposed SPZ of uranium mining and processing enterprises, as well as dumps and dry beachesplanting tailings with forest, trees and shrubs, which will significantly reduce the transfer of radioactive substances outside the production areas. Practical value. It is proposed to monitor the environment, the radiation situation in human settlements by means of instruments and automated systems of the new generation. Keywords: environmental safety, population, uranium mining regions, environmental protection measures.

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Grebenyuk, A. N., V. I. Legeza, A. V. Milyaev i A. V. Starkov. "MODERN STRATEGY OF HEALTH PROTECTION AND MEDICAL MEASURES IN RADIATION ACCIDENTS". Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene 11, nr 4 (19.12.2018): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21514/1998-426x-2018-11-4-80-88.

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A review of the complex of health protection and medical measures ensuring the prevention of deterministic and reducing the probability of stochastic effects of irradiation during radiation accidents is presented. It is shown that the most effective methods of ensuring radiation safety at radiation accidents are protection by time, protection by distance and shielding of the irradiated object. Medical means of anti-radiation protection are used in addition to collective and individual technical means when it is impossible to avoid over-standard radiation exposure. Classification of antiradiation medicines, including radioprotectors, means for stimulating the radioresistance of the organism, means for preventing and stopping the primary reaction to irradiation, means for preventing and treating injures from irradiation by incorporated radionuclides, means for treating acute bone marrow syndrome, and means for treating local radiation injures of the skin and mucous are given. The list of medical means of antiradiation protection registered in the Russian Federation is presented. Characteristics of first-aid kits, medical bags, medical equipment kits, medical evacuation devices intended for the first aid and medical assistance in the outbreak of a radiation accident and at the stages of medical evacuation are given. The nomenclature of medicines and volumes of the reserve of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation intended for liquidation of consequences of emergency situations of radiation nature are given. It is concluded that the Russian Federation has developed and implemented a modern strategy to protect personnel, rescuers and the population in emergency situations of radiation nature, including organizational, technical, hygienic and medical measures in the outbreak of a radiation accident and at the stages of medical evacuation.

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Jargin, SV. "Hormesis and radiation safety norms: Comments for an update". Human & Experimental Toxicology 37, nr 11 (2.04.2018): 1233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327118765332.

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Hormesis can be explained by evolutionary adaptation to the current level of a factor present in the natural environment or to some average from the past. This pertains also to ionizing radiation as the natural background has been decreasing during the time of the life existence. DNA damage and repair are normally in a dynamic balance. The conservative nature of the DNA repair suggests that cells may have retained some capability to repair damage from higher radiation levels than that existing today. According to this concept, the harm caused by radioactive contamination would tend to zero with a dose rate tending to a wide range level of the natural radiation background. Existing evidence in favor of hormesis is substantial, experimental data being partly at variance with results of epidemiological studies. Potential bias, systematic errors, and motives to exaggerate risks from low-dose low-rate ionizing radiation are discussed here. In conclusion, current radiation safety norms are exceedingly restrictive and should be revised on the basis of scientific evidence. Elevation of the limits must be accompanied by measures guaranteeing their observance.

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Bortnovsky, V. N., i V. A. Naralenkov. "METHODICAL APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT OF RISK RESIDENCE IN RADIOCONTAMINATED TERRITORIES AND TO DEVELOPMENT OF MEASURES FOR ITS REDUCTION". Health and Ecology Issues, nr 1 (28.03.2005): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2005-2-1-1.

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The article analyzes the contemporary achievements in the field of assessment of doses and radiation risks, concepts of residence in regions suffered from the Chernobyl disaster and also the fundamentals of provision of radiation safety, optimization of life activity and preservation of health in people who live in the contaminated territories for a long time.

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Ye, Yong Jun, De Xin Ding, Feng Li i Shu Yun Wang. "Fault Tree Analysis on Radiation Hazards in Underground Uranium Mines and Prevention Countermeasures". Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (grudzień 2012): 766–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.766.

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Workers in underground uranium mines work chronically in the opening radiation environment, the radiation hazards they suffered has attracted public’s attention. So some effective measures must be carried out to control worker’s received radiation dose. Fault tree analysis is a deductive system safety analysis method, which can offer decision basis for accident prevention and safety management. Based on the above two advantages, firstly, the paper analyzes the radiation hazards in underground uranium mines and their influencing factors. Then, the fault tree of radiation hazards is established in underground uranium mines, five groups of minimal path sets and the structure importance degree of each basic event are obtained. Finally, according to the results of fault tree analysis, some prevention countermeasures are putted forward to prevent radiation hazards.

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Christos Iliadis, Aikaterini Frantzana, Kiriaki Tachtsoglou, Ouzounakis Petros i Lambrini Kourkouta. "Radiation protection and safety in the nuclear medicine laboratory". World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 13, nr 1 (30.01.2022): 771–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.13.1.0105.

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Introduction: Nuclear medicine involves the handling and storing of radioactive materials known to pose a risk to human health. The size of the exposure depends on the radionuclide, the person’s activity and the type of one’s work in a nuclear medicine laboratory. Purpose: The purpose of this literature review is to investigate the contribution of radiation protection and safety measures regarding the protection of professionals’ health working in the nuclear medicine laboratory, as well as patients who undergo relevant tests. Methodology: The study material consists of recent articles on the subject mainly found in Greek and international databases as the Medline, Google Scholar and the Hellenic Academic Libraries Association (HEAL-Link). Results: In Greece, the principles of radiation protection are defined by Law 4310/2014. Radiation protection regulations are provided for the procedures as regards the implementation of a radiation protection system in general and regulation of all issues related to the protection of the professionals’ health exposed to radiation as well as for the issues arising from ionizing radiation during the activities referred to the protection of the general public by legislation. Conclusion: The control of radiation exposure in nuclear medicine not only for health care professionals, but also for patients and the public, can be achieved effectively through many actions being crucial to this direction.

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KAMAL, A., MAUR KHAN i NS SADIQ. "RADIATION EXPOSURE IN INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY: STRATEGIES FOR REDUCTION AND PROTECTION". Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal 2023, nr 1 (7.11.2023): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2023i1.518.

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Occupational radiation exposure is a significant concern among healthcare professionals, particularly those in interventional radiology and cardiology procedures. This study aims to comprehensively investigate radiation exposure and its health effects among 200 healthcare professionals, including 100 physicians, 50 nurses, and 50 technicians, across five hospitals. The study employed a controlled, multi-center, observational design, with 100 participants in the experimental group exposed to enhanced radiation protection strategies, while 100 participants in the control group adhered to standard safety protocols. The interventions included additional lead barriers, radiation-absorbent pads, real-time dose monitoring systems, and continuous staff training on radiation safety. Exposure levels were measured using personal dosimeters at regular intervals before and after the interventions. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on professional roles and procedure types, categorized into simple and complex interventions. The results showed a statistically significant reduction in annual radiation exposure in the experimental group compared to the control group, with substantial effect sizes. Subgroup analysis revealed varying degrees of exposure reduction among different professional roles. Notably, complex interventions demonstrated the most substantial reductions in radiation exposure. Furthermore, an analysis of X-ray beam angles indicated a statistically significant increase in exposure at steep angles (≥30°). However, no significant interaction between the control and experimental groups was observed, suggesting that other variables may influence the relationship between steep angles and exposure. The findings of this study emphasize the effectiveness of enhanced protection strategies in reducing occupational radiation exposure among healthcare professionals. The nuanced effects observed across different professional roles and procedure types underscore the importance of tailored safety measures. These results contribute to the ongoing efforts to optimize radiation safety in medical settings and promote the well-being of healthcare professionals. Ethical considerations, adherence to international standards, and the potential implications for policy and guidelines further underscore the significance of this study's findings.

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Udalov, Yu D., N. E. Tikhomirov, T. V. Sharapova i O. A. Kasymova. "Features of Ensuring Radiation Safety in the FSCCRO of FMBA of Russia". MEDICAL RADIOLOGY AND RADIATION SAFETY 67, nr 3 (lipiec 2022): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2022-67-3-94-98.

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Purpose of the work is to justify the safety in the operation of radiation sources in the center of nuclear medicine. The paper reflects the advanced methods of nuclear medicine using radionuclides, used at the site of the Features of Ensuring Radiation Safety in the FSCCRO of FMBA of Russia, for the purpose of diagnosing and treating malignant neoplasms. At the same time, a necessary condition is to ensure the radiation safety of medical personnel, as well as compliance with the requirements and standards governing the safe operation of radiation hazardous facilities. The paper presents an analysis of individual effective doses of medical personnel of group A of the nuclear medicine center for the period 2020-2022, as well as the risks of stochastic effects during exposure to an average individual dose for personnel of group A. Results: Conclusion: a feature of the Features of Ensuring Radiation Safety in the FSCCRO of FMBA of Russia is a large concentration of radiation-hazardous objects on one site, which implies the fulfillment and observance of radiation safety requirements. The analysis of individual exposure doses for group A personnel indicates that the established control and permissible levels are not exceeded. At the same time, measures are proposed to optimize (reduce) the radiation load on medical personnel working with sources of ionizing radiation. The unique experience gained by the Center can be replicated when carrying out work to ensure radiation safety standards for newly built and existing medical institutions in Russia in order to provide high-tech medical care in the field of nuclear medicine.

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Młynarkiewicz, Łukasz. "IMPLEMENTACJA WYBRANYCH ZASAD BEZPIECZEŃSTWA JĄDROWEGO I OCHRONY RADIOLOGICZNEJ MIĘDZYNARODOWEJ AGENCJI ENERGII ATOMOWEJ W POLSKIM PRAWIE ATOMOWYM". Studia Iuridica, nr 87 (12.10.2021): 331–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2020-87.16.

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The subject of this study is the analysis of three selected fundamental principles of nuclear safety and radiation protection based upon the Polish and international nuclear law. In this article, the author characterises the substantive content, the normative meaning, as well as the legal basis of the legal measures implementing: the principle of prime responsibility for safety, the principle of role of government in the context of nuclear framework for safety, and lastly, the principle of leadership and management for safety. The interpretation and conceptual meaning of presented principles refer to the Fundamental Safety Principles, adopted by the International Atomic Energy Agency. On the basis of co-operation and voluntary harmonisation, the IAEA has formulated ten safety principles in order to achieve a fundamental safety objective, which is the protection of people and the environment from harmful effects of ionising radiation. Moreover, the national strategy and policy for the development of nuclear safety and radiological protection, as referred to in Article 39p of the Act of 29 November 2000 on Atomic Law1, requires, inter alia, the establishment of the principles of nuclear safety and radiation protection. Consequently, the relation between the Fundamental Safety Principles and the aforementioned strategy, as well as the importance of the principles observed in processes of establishing and applying provisions of Polish nuclear law are also analysed in this study.

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Shahid, Saman, Asma Majeed, Rana Aatif Siddique, Khalid Masood i Shahid Ali. "Lifetime Risk of Radiation Induced Severe Hereditary Stochastic (SHS) Effects in Medical Radiation Personnel". Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, nr 5 (30.05.2021): 1105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211551105.

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Background: Hereditary risk assessments in medical radiation workers must be accentuated as a precaution against genetic diseases. Ionizing radiations can induce hereditary or genetic radiation effects. Aim: To evaluate the lifetime risk of severe hereditary stochastic (SHS) effects in INMOL’s medical radiation personnel. Methods: The determination of the ‘whole-body’ effective doses was performed by ‘dose assessment algorithm’. We adopted the procedure described by ICRP for the assessment of lifetime severe hereditary annual risks by using ‘nominal probability coefficient’. Results: The AAEDs were between 1.41-1.79 mSv (in NM), 1.07-1.43 mSv (in RT) and 1.21-1.70 mSv (in RD) during 2014-2018. A declining trend is observed in AAED values in five consecutive years, due to improvements in radiation protection and safety measures. The risks of severe hereditary effects were also decreased from 2014-2018. The SHS risk was decreased from 5.012×10-4 to 3.948 ×10-4 in NM, 4.004×10-4 to 2.996×10-4 in RT and 4.76×10-4 to 3.388×10-4 in DR department. Conclusion: This study is emphasizing towards evaluating risks of hereditary effects from chronic exposure of radiations in occupational workers to avoid further late genetic complications. Such quantitative indicators would be useful in comparing other lifetime death risks from other harmful substances. Keywords: Hereditary Stochastic Effects; Annual Average Effective Doses; Nominal Probability Coefficient; Medical Radiation; Occupational Radiation Risk Assessments

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Soliman, Hanan Hassan Mohamed, Lamiaa ELsayed Fiala, Azza Abdelhamid Gad, Ehab Hasanin, Mostafa Abbas Kofi i Ayman Ekram Fahim. "Pattern of radiation safety measures and security culture in four major hospitals, Ismailia, Egypt". International Journal of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging 3, nr 1 (1.01.2020): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/26644436.2020.v3.i1d.80.

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park, Il woo, Su Jin Kim, Dongseong Shin, Sung Ryul Shim, Hyun Kyung Chang i Chang Hee Kim. "Radiation exposure to the urology surgeon during retrograde intrarenal surgery". PLOS ONE 16, nr 3 (15.03.2021): e0247833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247833.

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Retrograde intrarenal surgery is a common procedure that carries a risk of radiation exposure for urologists. This study aimed to measure the amount of radiation that urologists are exposed to during surgery, and to estimate how many procedures can be safely performed by one urologist per year. Variables that affect radiation exposure were also identified. Radiation exposure doses were measured for the eye, neck, chest, arms, and hands of a urologist who performed 226 retrograde intrarenal surgeries. To determine how many procedures could be safely performed per year, the Annual Permissible Occupational Exposure Radiation Dose Guidelines of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements were consulted. Correlations between radiation exposure dose and the patient’s age, sex, body mass index, stone number/burden/laterality/location/Hounsfield unit, and their renal calculi were calculated. The mean surgery and fluoroscopy durations were 83.2 and 5.13 min; the mean tube voltage and current were 68.88 kV and 2.48 mA, respectively. Cumulative radiation doses for the eye, neck, chest, right upper arm, left hand, and right hand were 65.53, 69.95, 131.79, 124.43, 165.66, and 126.64 mSv, respectively. Radiation reduction rates for lead collars and aprons were 97% and 98%, respectively. If the urologists wear only radiation shields and lead apron but do not wear safety glasses during RIRS, the recommended by the ICRP publication 103 is taken into consideration, our results showed that 517 RIRS can be performed per year safely. However, if no protective measures are taken, this number decreases to only 85 RIRS per year. At all measurement sites, significant correlations were observed between the radiation exposure dose and stone numbers and Hounsfield unit values. In conclusion, it is imperative that urologists wear protective gear. Greater effort should be made to reduce radiation exposure when renal calculi have a large number of stones or large Hounsfield unit values.

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Samia Abdelgauom Fathelrahman Ahmed. "Management of occupational exposure for pregnant employee in diagnostic radiology". World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 12, nr 3 (30.12.2021): 075–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.12.3.0663.

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Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation can occur in a range of industries, medical institutions, educational and research establishments. Most radiation protection programs, regulations and guidance apply specific restrictions to the occupational exposure of pregnant workers. Both worker and the employer carry responsibility towards safety. The pregnant worker and her conceptus are best protected in a facility that uses best practices for radiation safety. This article reviews was aimed to notify radiology managers and technologists in their management with pregnant workers. The paper describes conceptus doses for worker that are associated with radiology practice, reviews the risks and effects of in utero irradiation, and summarizes the current international and professional organizations policies, guidelines and practical aspects regarding the diagnostic radiologic examinations. Conclusion: careful planning, and minimization of radiation dose by engaging proper radiation safety measures as needed, can allow medical staff to perform duties and normal activities without incurring significant risks to the fetus.

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Kvacheva, Yu E., N. K. Shandala, O. V. Parinov, E. G. Metlyaev i A. O. Lebedev. "Issues of Scientific Support of Radiation Safety Based on the Experience of Overcoming the Consequences of the Chernobyl Accident". Disaster Medicine, nr 3 (wrzesień 2021): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33266/2070-1004-2021-3-10-19.

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The measures on liquidation of the Chernobyl accident consequences are analyzed from the point of view of topical issues of ensuring radiation safety of the personnel of radiation hazardous facilities and the population. The following problems have been considered: organization of liquidation of medical and sanitary consequences and rendering medical aid to victims of the Chernobyl accident; radiation hygienic standardization, control and monitoring; improvement of emergency response system; development of new medical technologies for treatment of acute radiation disease and local radiation injuries; application of radiation protective drugs. It is stated that the experience of liquidation of the Chernobyl accident consequences created a scientifically grounded base for the work on further improvement of the radiation safety assurance system with fixation of the main provisions in the existing regulatory documents. Conclusions are drawn about the expediency of: - development of new medical and sanitary technologies aimed at ensuring radiation safety; - completion of a unified system of response and protection in the event of radiation accidents; - further search and development of methods and means of prevention and treatment of human radiation pathology, including innovative biomedical technologies; - improving the methodology for studying the consequences of radiation exposure of the personnel of radiation hazardous facilities and the population; - development of a new scientific field — medical nuclear forensics.

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Greenwalt, J. C., A. M. Grietens, L. O'steen i O. M. E. E. Mahmoud. "Improvement of Safety and Quality Measures With Pre-Simulation Checklist". International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 111, nr 3 (listopad 2021): e499-e500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1377.

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Liu, Xia, Ming Lei, Hu Wei Liu, Yin Cao i Xiao Hong Gao. "Risk Analysis of Quality and Safety for Laser Pointer with Remote Control". Advanced Materials Research 968 (czerwiec 2014): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.968.263.

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Multimedia teaching and lecturing have been widely used nowadays, and then the technology of laser pointer with remote control appears in order to satisfy the requirements. The radiation power of some laser pointers is large, which may be lead to impaired eyes due to improper use. The hazard of laser radiation was analyzed. The standards, laws and regulations of the domestic and foreign were compared. Some suggestions and measures of perfecting the relative standards, strengthening consumers' education and industry rectification were provided.

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