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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "R. J. La Varis Limited"
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KUŁAKOWSKI, KRZYSZTOF, PRZEMYSŁAW GAWROŃSKI i PIOTR GRONEK. "THE HEIDER BALANCE: A CONTINUOUS APPROACH". International Journal of Modern Physics C 16, nr 05 (maj 2005): 707–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012918310500742x.
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The Heider balance (HB) is investigated in a fully connected graph of N nodes. The links are described by a real symmetric array r (i, j), i, j =1, …, N. In a social group, nodes represent group members and links represent relations between them, positive (friendly) or negative (hostile). At the balanced state, r (i, j) r (j, k) r (k, i) > 0 for all the triads (i, j, k). As follows from the structure theorem of Cartwright and Harary, at this state the group is divided into two subgroups, with friendly internal relations and hostile relations between the subgroups. Here the system dynamics is proposed to be determined by a set of differential equations, [Formula: see text]. The form of equations guarantees that once HB is reached, it persists. Also, for N =3 the dynamics reproduces properly the tendency of the system to the balanced state. The equations are solved numerically. Initially, r (i, j) are random numbers distributed around zero with a symmetric uniform distribution of unit width. Calculations up to N =500 show that HB is always reached. Time τ(N) to get the balanced state varies with the system size N as N-1/2. The spectrum of relations, initially narrow, gets very wide near HB. This means that the relations are strongly polarized. In our calculations, the relations are limited to a given range around zero. With this limitation, our results can be helpful in an interpretation of some statistical data.
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Ramstedt, S., S. Mohamed, T. Olander, W. H. T. Vlemmings, T. Khouri i S. Liljegren. "CO envelope of the symbiotic star R Aquarii seen by ALMA". Astronomy & Astrophysics 616 (sierpień 2018): A61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833394.
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The symbiotic star R Aqr is part of a small sample of binary AGB stars observed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The sample stars are: R Aqr, Mira, W Aql, and π1 Gru. The sample covers a range in binary separation and wind properties, where R Aqr is the source with the smallest separation. The R Aqr binary pair consists of an M-type AGB star and a white dwarf at a separation of 45 mas, equivalent to about 10 AU at 218 pc. The aim of the ALMA study is to investigate the dependence of the wind shaping on the binary separation and to provide constraints for hydrodynamical binary interaction models. R Aqr is particularly interesting as the source with the smallest separation and a complex circumstellar environment that is strongly affected by the interaction between the two stars and by the high-energy radiation resulting from this interaction and from the hot white dwarf companion. The CO(J = 3 →2) line emission has been observed with ALMA at ~0.5′′ spatial resolution. The CO envelope around the binary pair is marginally resolved, showing what appears to be a rather complex distribution. The outer radius of the CO emitting region is estimated from the data and found to be about a factor of 10 larger than previously thought. This implies an average mass-loss rate during the past ~100 yr of Ṁ ≈ 2×10−7 M⊙ yr−1, a factor of 45 less than previous estimates. The channel maps are presented and the molecular gas distribution is discussed and set into the context of what was previously known about the system from multiwavelength observations. Additional molecular line emission detected within the bandwidth covered by the ALMA observations is also presented. Because of the limited extent of the emission, firm conclusions about the dynamical evolution of the system will have to wait for higher spatial resolution observations. However, the data presented here support the assumption that the mass-loss rate from the Mira star strongly varies and is focused on the orbital plane.
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Ashida, Go, Kazuo Funabiki, Paula T. Kuokkanen, Richard Kempter i Catherine E. Carr. "Signal-to-noise ratio in the membrane potential of the owl's auditory coincidence detectors". Journal of Neurophysiology 108, nr 10 (15.11.2012): 2837–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00366.2012.
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Owls use interaural time differences (ITDs) to locate a sound source. They compute ITD in a specialized neural circuit that consists of axonal delay lines from the cochlear nucleus magnocellularis (NM) and coincidence detectors in the nucleus laminaris (NL). Recent physiological recordings have shown that tonal stimuli induce oscillatory membrane potentials in NL neurons (Funabiki K, Ashida G, Konishi M. J Neurosci 31: 15245–15256, 2011). The amplitude of these oscillations varies with ITD and is strongly correlated to the firing rate. The oscillation, termed the sound analog potential, has the same frequency as the stimulus tone and is presumed to originate from phase-locked synaptic inputs from NM fibers. To investigate how these oscillatory membrane potentials are generated, we applied recently developed signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) analysis techniques (Kuokkanen PT, Wagner H, Ashida G, Carr CE, Kempter R. J Neurophysiol 104: 2274–2290, 2010) to the intracellular waveforms obtained in vivo. Our theoretical prediction of the band-limited SNRs agreed with experimental data for mid- to high-frequency (>2 kHz) NL neurons. For low-frequency (≤2 kHz) NL neurons, however, measured SNRs were lower than theoretical predictions. These results suggest that the number of independent NM fibers converging onto each NL neuron and/or the population-averaged degree of phase-locking of the NM fibers could be significantly smaller in the low-frequency NL region than estimated for higher best-frequency NL.
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Kant, Sunil, Shakti Kumar Gupta i V. Siddharth. "Planning Premises and Design Considerations for Hybrid Operating Room". International Journal of Research Foundation of Hospital and Healthcare Administration 2, nr 1 (2014): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10035-1015.
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ABSTRACT The hybrid operating room can be defined as the combination of imaging system and operating table installed in an operating theater room for, e.g. use of an angiography imaging system and operation table in an operation theatre or use of an operating table in angiography room. Shorter patient recovery time, decreased length of stay, streamlined care delivery, improvement in cross-specialty communication, minimized risk for communication-related errors across clinical specialties and lower overall cost of care are some of the advantages of the hybrid operating room. Although no/limited data exists in the literature, the potential disadvantages of hybrid operating suite are cost, infection, prolonged anesthesia and radiation exposure. The primary components of a hybrid operating suite are an imaging system and imaging compatible operation table. Area required for hybrid operating suite varies from 80 to 150 m2. The most common configuration of hybrid operating suite includes a flat panel angiographic X-ray imaging system and surgical equipment for cardiac surgery. How to cite this article Siddharth V, Kant S, Chandrashekhar R, Gupta SK. Planning Premises and Design Considerations for Hybrid Operating Room. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2014;2(1):50-56.
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Post, R. L., i I. Klodos. "Interpretation of extraordinary kinetics of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase by a phase change". American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 271, nr 5 (1.11.1996): C1415—C1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1996.271.5.c1415.
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We interpret at a molecular level an extraordinary response in the transient kinetics of the phosphointermediate of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase (I. Klodos, R. L. Post, and B. Forbush III. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 1734-1743, 1994). The phosphointermediate comprises two principal states. The partition between these states varies with salt concentration. A jump in salt concentration changes the partition of some of the molecules more rapidly than they interconvert in a steady state at constant salt concentration. We propose that interconversion is limited by free volume in the lipid of the surrounding membrane. This lipid is partitioned into phases that vary with salt concentration. Free volume is larger at the interface between these phases than within the phases themselves. Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase molecules are distributed at random in the membrane. When the phase boundary moves in response to a jump in salt concentration, it crosses some Na+ -K+ -ATPase molecules, which transiently experience an increase in free volume of the surrounding lipid. Thus their phosphointermediate states equilibrate more rapidly than at a constant salt concentration. Functional and structural heterogeneity of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase molecules is discussed.
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Tang, Y., i J. L. Stephenson. "Calcium dynamics and homeostasis in a mathematical model of the principal cell of the cortical collecting tubule." Journal of General Physiology 107, nr 2 (1.02.1996): 207–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.107.2.207.
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Calcium (Ca) dynamics are incorporated into a mathematical model of the principal cell in the cortical collecting tubule developed earlier in Strieter et al. (1992a. Am. J Physiol. 263:F1063-1075). The Ca components are modeled after the Othmer-Tang model for IP(3)-sensitive calcium channels (1993, in Experimental and Theoretical Advances in Biological Pattern Formation, 295-319). There are IP(3)-sensitive Ca channels and ATP-driven pumps on the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. Calcium enters the cell passively down its electrochemical gradient. A Ca pump and Na/Ca exchange in the basolateral membrane are responsible for the extrusion of cytoplasmic calcium. Na/Ca exchange can also operate in reverse mode to transport Ca into the cell. Regulatory effects of cytoplasmic Ca on the apical Na channels are modeled after experimental data that indicate apical Na permeability varies inversely with cytoplasmic Ca concentration. Numerical results on changes in intracellular Ca caused by decreasing NaCl in the bath and the lumen are similar to those from experiments in Bourdeau and Lau (1990. Am. J Physiol. 258:F1497-1503). This match of simulation and experiment requires the synergistic action of the Na/Ca exchanger and the Ca regulated apical Na permeability. In a homogeneous medium, cytoplasmic Ca becomes oscillatory when extracellular Na is severely decreased, as observed in experiments of cultured principal cells (Koster, H., C. van Os and R. Bindels. 1993. Kidney Int.43:828-836). This essentially pathological situation arises because the hyperpolarization of membrane potential caused by Na-free medium increases Ca influx into the cell, while the Na/Ca exchanger is inactivated by the low extracellular Na and can no longer move Ca out of the cell effectively. The raising of the total amount of intracellular Ca induces oscillatory Ca movement between the cytoplasm and the endoplasmic reticulum. Ca homeostasis is investigated under the condition of severe extracellular Ca variations. As extracellular Ca is decreased, Ca regulation is greatly impaired if Ca does not regulate apical ionic transport. The simulations indicate that the Na/Ca exchanger alone has only limited regulatory capacity. The Ca regulated apical sodium or potassium permeability are essential for regulation of cytoplasmic Ca in the principal cell of the cortical collecting tubule.
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Tam, Constantine S., Emma Verner, Masa Lasica, Alejandro Arbelaez, Peter J. Browett, Jacob D. Soumerai, James Hilger i in. "Preliminary Safety and Efficacy Data from Patients (Pts) with Relapsed/Refractory (R/R) B-Cell Malignancies Treated with the Novel B-Cell Lymphoma 2 (BCL2) Inhibitor BGB-11417 in Monotherapy or in Combination with Zanubrutinib". Blood 138, Supplement 1 (5.11.2021): 1419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-148451.
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Abstract Background: BCL2, a key regulator of apoptosis, is aberrantly expressed in many hematologic malignancies, which can lead to pathologic cancer cell survival. BCL2 inhibitors have been shown to be safe and effective, resulting in their approval for the treatment of pts with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) and acute myeloid leukemia. Treatment with the currently approved BCL2 inhibitor, venetoclax, can be limited by common gastrointestinal toxicities, neutropenia, and the emergence of specific BCL2 mutations around the BH3-binding groove causing resistance. BGB-11417 was developed as a potent and highly selective inhibitor of BCL2. It has shown antitumor activity superior to venetoclax in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) xenograft models (Hu, AACR 3077). BGB-11417 also has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile with excellent bioavailability and selectivity for BCL2 at concentration <1nM. Toxicology studies have shown a broad therapeutic index and tolerable safety profile. The combination of a BCL2 inhibitor and a BTK inhibitor is tolerable with synergistic activity in CLL and MCL pts (Hillmen, J Clin Oncol 2019;37(30):2722-9; Jain, N Engl J Med 2019;30;380(22):2095-103; Siddiqi, ASH 2020 S158; Tam, N Engl J Med 2018; 378:1211-23). Zanubrutinib is a next-generation BTK inhibitor that has shown excellent activity and favorable toxicity in pts with CLL/SLL (Hillmen, EHA 2021 LB1900) and MCL (Tam, Blood Adv 2021;5(12):2577-85); with approval for treatment in MCL. Here we report preliminary results of the BGB-11417-101 trial (NCT04277637) in pts with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) or CLL/SLL treated with BGB-11417 monotherapy or in combination with zanubrutinib. Methods: BGB-11417-101 is a phase 1, open label, multicenter, dose-escalation and expansion study. Pts with NHL or CLL/SLL are treated with BGB-11417 as monotherapy or in combination with zanubrutinib. For dose escalation, pts with R/R B-cell malignancies are enrolled in 1 of 5 potential dose levels of BGB-11417 (40, 80, 160, 320, or 640 mg once daily). All pts utilize a ramp-up to intended target dose that varies by disease type. Pts in the combination therapy arm receive zanubrutinib 320 mg daily beginning 8-12 weeks before BGB-11417 is introduced. Adverse events (AEs) are reported per Common Terminology Criteria for AEs v5.0. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT; assessed from ramp-up through day 21 at intended daily dose), evaluated by Bayesian logistic regression model, will be used to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Results: As of 24 May 2021 (data cutoff) 19 pts had been treated; 14 pts with monotherapy (NHL: n=11; CLL/SLL: n=3) and 5 pts with combination (all CLL; 3 pts were still on zanubrutinib pretreatment; 2 had started combination treatment). Median age was 72 y (range, 50-86); median follow-up was 1.9 mo (range, 0.7-12.4); all pts were R/R with a median of 2 prior regimens (range, 1-4). No DLTs were observed in pts with NHL receiving BGB-11417 monotherapy (n=11) up to the 160 mg dose level. AEs across all dose levels occurring in ≥2 pts (monotherapy) or ≥1 pt (combination) are listed in Table 1. A total of 5 pts discontinued treatment (all NHL) due to disease progression (n=4; 2 at 40 mg, 2 at 80 mg) or lack of efficacy (n=1 at 40 mg). No pt discontinued due to AEs. Laboratory tumor lysis syndrome was observed in 1 pt with CLL and high tumor burden (resolved with no sequelae). Initial efficacy after 3-month restaging in pts with CLL/SLL demonstrated 1 partial response (monotherapy arm) at the first dose level tested. All pts with CLL/SLL who have completed ramp-up (n=2, both monotherapy) normalized absolute lymphocyte count (ALC). Marked decreases in ALC were observed in pts with CLL at doses as low as 1 mg (Figure 1). Conclusion: Preliminary results suggest that BGB-11417 monotherapy is tolerable in pts with R/R NHL at the tested dose levels. Further assessment of safety and efficacy of BGB-11417 +/- zanubrutinib in CLL/SLL and NHL will be presented at the meeting, and evaluation in patients with treatment naïve CLL/SLL, R/R MCL, and R/R WM is planned. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Tam: AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; BeiGene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria; Loxo: Consultancy; Novartis: Honoraria; Pharmacyclics: Honoraria. Verner: Janssen-Cilag Pty Ltd: Research Funding. Lasica: Celgene: Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses; Janssen: Other: Education. Arbelaez: Amgen: Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses. Browett: AbbVie: Honoraria; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; MSD: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Soumerai: BeiGene: Consultancy, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Consultancy; Adaptive Biotechnologies: Consultancy, Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy; GlaxoSmithKline: Research Funding; BostonGene: Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy; TG Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding. Hilger: BeiGene: Current Employment, Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Fang: BeiGene (Shanghai) Co, Ltd.: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Huang: BeiGene: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company, Divested equity in a private or publicly-traded company in the past 24 months, Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses; Protara Therapeutics: Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: TRAVEL, ACCOMMODATIONS, EXPENSES (paid by any for-profit health care company). Simpson: Janssen: Research Funding; GSK: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; Acerta: Research Funding; MSD: Research Funding; Roche: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding; AbbVie: Honoraria, Other: TRAVEL, ACCOMMODATIONS, EXPENSES (paid by any for-profit health care company), Research Funding; BeiGene: Current Employment, Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Opat: Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Merck: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; GIlead: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Mundipharma: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; CSL: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company: Research Funding; Monash Health: Current Employment; BeiGene: Research Funding; Sandoz: Research Funding. Cheah: Ascentage Pharma: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses, Research Funding; MSD: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Lilly: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; TG therapeutics: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Beigene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. OffLabel Disclosure: Zanubrutinib is an investigational agent and has not been approved for NHL or CLL/SLL in the US
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Jobe, Shawn M., Amy L. Dunn i Traci Leong. "Procoagulant Platelet Potential Is Inversely Correlated with Bleeding and Joint Disease in Severe Hemophilia A". Blood 132, Supplement 1 (29.11.2018): 1185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-117989.
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Abstract The variability of clinical phenotype in patients with severe hemophilia A (factor VIII activity < 1%) has been well established, currently and in the era prior to wide-spread prophylaxis. The introduction of prophylaxis as a treatment modifier of the natural history of severe hemophilia A has led to the introduction of composite scores to assist in the assessment of disease severity. Perhaps the most prominent of these is that proposed by Schulman et al (J Thromb Haem 2008;6(7):1113-21) which utilizes three domains of phenotypic presentation to characterize a patient's clinical phenotype, acute (annualized bleeding rate), chronic (joint status), and treatment intensity (normalized factor usage). However, the biologic mechanisms driving this variability in clinical phenotype continue to remain largely uncertain. Procoagulant platelet potential is an individual's ability to generate procoagulant platelets in response to a standard concentration of agonist. This response, which generates platelets capable of intensely supporting coagulation, tends to remain relatively constant and varies substantially between individuals. A few small case-control studies have investigated the role of procoagulant platelet potential or platelet-supported thrombin generation in mediating the phenotypic variability with discordant results. The relationship of procoagulant platelet potential and platelet-supported thrombin generation to phenotypic severity was investigated in a single-center cohort of 92 pediatric and adult severe hemophilia A patients without active inhibitors. Procoagulant platelet potential (defined as the ratio of procoagulant platelets / all activated platelets following stimulation with thrombin (0.5 units/mL) and convulxin (250 ng/mL)) and the expression of other platelet activation markers, including P-selectin (granule release) and PAC-1 (integrin activation) were investigated in washed platelets. Platelet-dependent thrombin generation was investigated in a limited cohort (45) of these patients. Phenotypic data was collected in regard to reported bleeding events over the past 5 years, joint health using the hemophilia joint health score, intensity of factor therapy, and therapeutic intent (prophylaxis or on-demand). Correlations were assessed as continuous variables using regression analysis with p <0.05 deemed significant. Procoagulant platelet potential was inversely correlated with both acute (annualized bleeding rate) (r = -0.47, p = 0.0006) and chronic measures (joint score) (r = -0.38, p = 0.0001) of phenotypic severity. In contrast, when platelet-dependent thrombin generation or other markers of thrombin or GPVI-dependent platelet activation potential were assessed i.e. P-selectin expression or PAC-1, no correlation was identified with either acute or chronic measures of phenotypic severity or with the HSS composite score. Surprisingly, when the composite score of HSS as defined by Schulman (acute + chronic + factor utilization) was utilized to assess a potential relationship this correlation was not observed. Further analysis revealed that this lack of correlation was due to the fact that therapeutic intensity (factor utilization) was directlycorrelated with procoagulant platelet potential (r = 0.54, p = 0.0006). Here we have identified a potentially critical role for procoagulant platelets as biologic modifiers of hemophilia A. Furthermore, we have identified a risk associated with the use of a composite score in assessing disease severity in hemophilia. Utilization of a composite score as the sole measure would have missed the significant effects noted in each of the individual domains. Procoagulant platelets both support thrombin generation and inflammatory cell recruitment. Thus, one potential hypothesis for these opposing effects on the domains of the composite score is that increased procoagulant platelet formation supports stable hemostatic plug formation (reduced bleeding rate) or increases inflammatory presentation resulting in therapy intensification or both. Finally, our results here point towards new tools and pathways for risk stratification and therapeutic modulation in patients with hemophilia A based on assessment of procoagulant platelet potential. Disclosures Jobe: Shire: Consultancy; Octapharma: Consultancy; CSL: Consultancy.
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Voutouri, Chrysovalantis, Corey C. Hardin, Vivek Naranbhai, Mohammad R. Nikmaneshi, Melin J. Khandekar, Justin F. Gainor, Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos, Lance L. Munn i Rakesh K. Jain. "Abstract A64: Mechanistic model for booster doses effectiveness in healthy, cancer and immunosuppressed patients infected with SARS-CoV-2". Cancer Immunology Research 10, nr 12_Supplement (1.12.2022): A64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2326-6074.tumimm22-a64.
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Abstract Introduction: Current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are effective at preventing COVID-19 or limiting disease severity in healthy individuals, but effectiveness is lower among patients with cancer or immunosuppression. Vaccine effectiveness wanes with time and varies by vaccine type. Moreover, current vaccines are based on the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike protein sequence and emerging viral variants evade vaccine induced immunity. Booster doses partially overcome these issues, but there are limited clinical data on the durability of protection afforded by boosters – especially against SARS-CoV-2 variants.Methods: Here we describe a mechanistic mathematical model for vaccination-induced immunity and use it to predict vaccine effectiveness taking into account current and possible future viral, host and vaccine characteristics. Crucially, this allows predictions over time frames currently not reported in the clinical literature. The model incorporates the infection of lung epithelium by SARS-CoV-2, the response of innate and adaptive immune cells to infection, the production of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines, the activation of the coagulation cascade, as well as the effects of cancer cells on the lung and on the immune response. The model further accounts for the interactions between the virus, the immune cells and the tumor cells as well as for vaccination-induced immunity.Results: Model predictions were validated with clinical data. The model predicts that for healthy individuals vaccinated and boosted with mRNA-1273, BNT-162b2a, and Ad26.COV2.S, robust immunogenicity against the ancestral and delta variant extends beyond a year. Immunogenicity is also enhanced following booster vaccination in patients with cancer on various anti-cancer therapies, including immunotherapy, and for patients without cancer on immunosuppressive agents.Conclusion: Our model predicts that ³1 booster doses will be required for these individuals to maintain protective immunity. Furthermore, for immunosuppressed individuals, simulated new SARS-CoV2 variants with enhanced ability to bind to target cells, faster replication or reduced immunogenicity could lead to breakthrough infections even after a single booster dose. Modelling data such as these may be used to anticipate and plan for future vaccination needs. Citation Format: Chrysovalantis Voutouri, Corey C Hardin, Vivek Naranbhai, Mohammad R. Nikmaneshi, Melin J. Khandekar, Justin F Gainor, Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos, Lance L. Munn, Rakesh K. Jain. Mechanistic model for booster doses effectiveness in healthy, cancer and immunosuppressed patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2022 Oct 21-24; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2022;10(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A64.
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Fitzgerald, Michael. "Time Limited Psychotherapy. J Mann. R Goldman American Psychiatric Press1987". Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 6, nr 1 (marzec 1989): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700015871.
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Morris, Robert. The Bemboka Mill: Hand-made paper in Australia. 1986.
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Anderson, Richard B. "Rational and non-rational aspects of forgetting". W Rational Mode is of Cognition, 156–64. Oxford University PressOxford, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198524151.003.0008.
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Abstract Given the limited capacity available for encoding and subsequent retrieval of information, it is no surprise that people forget. Of greater interest is whether the memory system copes rationally, i.e. adaptively, 1 with its handicap. Indeed, there has been recent movement toward establishing a new research paradigm in which memory phenomena are explained in terms of their environmental adaptiveness rather than their underlying mechanisms (J. Anderson and Milson, 1989; J. Anderson and Schooler, 1991; R. Anderson et al., 1997). In this chapter I will discuss the meaning of rational memory, some major evidence concerning the hypothesis that memory is rational, and some theoretical issues in assessing memory’s rationality.
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Sorensen, Roy. "The Viral Theory of Inconsistency". W Vagueness and Contradiction, 154–64. Oxford University PressOxford, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199241309.003.0011.
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Abstract In 1964, J. R. Lucas published a Godelian argument to prove that he is not a thinking machine: computers physically instantiate formal systems. A consistent formal system that is powerful enough to prove the theorems of arithmetic is also powerful enough to construct a sentence to the same effect as ‘This sentence is not a theorem of the system’. The sentence could only be a theorem if its negation was also a theorem. So given that the system is consistent, the sentence is a truth that is missed by the system. Therefore, the system is incomplete. Lucas contends that he is not limited by this incompleteness result. We have adequate, more than adequate, reason for affirming our own consistency and the truth, and hence also the consistency, of informal arithmetic, and so can properly say that we know, and that any machine representation of the mind must manifest an output expressed by a formal (since it is a machine) system which is consistent and includes Elementary Number Theory (since it is supposed to represent the mind). (Lucas 1996:
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Hamer, Kenneth. "Concurrent Proceedings". W Hamer's Professional Conduct Casebook, 139–54. Wyd. 4. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192883384.003.0012.
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Abstract This chapter highlights issues relating to concurrent proceedings. In R v. Executive Council Joint Disciplinary Scheme, ex parte Hipps and ors [1996], Dyson J states the principles to be applied by the courts in determining whether to grant a stay of disciplinary proceedings pending the trial of concurrent civil or criminal proceedings. However, only limited assistance can be derived when comparing the facts of a particular case with those of other cases in which a stay was or was not granted. In the healthcare professions, the practice of regulators is generally to await the outcome of any criminal proceedings against the registrant and, in the meantime, to apply to the interim orders tribunal for the practitioner’s registration to be suspended or made subject to conditions, on the grounds that an interim order is necessary for the protection of members of the public, or is otherwise in the public interest, or is in the interests of the practitioner. Employment cases also may require a different approach: an employer does not normally need to await the outcome of criminal or regulatory proceedings before commencing or continuing disciplinary proceedings against an employee.
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Fredericks, Sarah E. "Ritual Responses to Environmental Guilt and Shame". W Environmental Guilt and Shame, 162–86. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198842699.003.0009.
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Having articulated the conditions to respond to or induce environmental guilt and shame, it is reasonable to wonder how humans could develop such resources. Chapter 9 maintains that religious rituals have the ability to create and sustain the conditions. This argument is founded on two strands of thought: J. Z. Smith and Catherine Bell’s theories of ritual, particularly regarding rites of affliction, which respond to disorder or wrong and provide terminology for conceiving of ritual in general. Studies of environmental ritual, especially the work of William R. Jordan III, Gretel van Wieren, and Joanna Macy who identify ritual as a way of responding to negative experiences, affects, and states of being, enable the consideration of environmental rituals. Their work requires expansion to deal relationships between humans or involving collectives, particularly the need to apologize to those harmed and change behavior to prevent further harm. Spontaneous confessional rituals about environmental guilt and shame in popular online confessions and an apology ritual at the Standing Rock prayer camp against the Dakota Access Pipeline exhibit some of these features but are still limited with respect to the conditions required to respond to guilt and shame. Thus, intentional ritualization and using multiple rituals will likely be necessary to respond to all of the dimensions of guilt and shame.
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Kollmann, Karl, Calum E. Douglas i S. Can Gülen. "Exhaust Gas Turbine". W Turbo/Supercharger Compressors and Turbines for Aircraft Propulsion in WWII: Theory, History and Practice—Guidance from the Past for Modern Engineers and Students, 255–82. ASME, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.884676_ch10.
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As discussed in Chapter 2, the supercharger (basically, an air compressor) can also be driven by an exhaust gas turbine. In this case, the overall system is referred to as a turbocharger or turbosupercharger (Abgasturbolader in German). The focus in Kollmann’s manuscript is exclusively on radial compressors used as superchargers driven by a gear drive connected to the main engine shaft. This is not so surprising considering that, although significant R&D effort was spent on the turbine design (especially, turbine blade cooling), turbocharged German aircraft engines did not enter service until the end of the war. Even then, the service experience was limited to Junkers Ju 388 (mostly for high altitude reconnaissance) powered by two 1,500-HP BMW 801 J turbocharged engines. Many other designs (e.g., the DB 623) were eventually abandoned. The dilemma facing the German engineers at the time (1940s) was this: whether to develop an aircraft engine from the get-go with a turbocharger or to develop a turbocharger to be fitted into an existing engine (e.g., the DB 603). Since the need for the turbochargers arose during the war by the need for higher flight altitudes (10 to 14 km), e.g., to attack the Allied bomber formations and their fighter escort, the urgency of the situation made the choice for them1. Not surprisingly, they went with the latter option.
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Mohammadian, M. "Designing Unsupervised Hierarchical Fuzzy Logic Systems". W Machine Learning, 253–61. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-818-7.ch210.
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Systems such as robotic systems and systems with large input-output data tend to be difficult to model using mathematical techniques. These systems have typically high dimensionality and have degrees of uncertainty in many parameters. Artificial intelligence techniques such as neural networks, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms and evolutionary algorithms have created new opportunities to solve complex systems. Application of fuzzy logic [Bai, Y., Zhuang H. and Wang, D. (2006)] in particular, to model and solve industrial problems is now wide spread and has universal acceptance. Fuzzy modelling or fuzzy identification has numerous practical applications in control, prediction and inference. It has been found useful when the system is either difficult to predict and or difficult to model by conventional methods. Fuzzy set theory provides a means for representing uncertainties. The underlying power of fuzzy logic is its ability to represent imprecise values in an understandable form. The majority of fuzzy logic systems to date have been static and based upon knowledge derived from imprecise heuristic knowledge of experienced operators, and where applicable also upon physical laws that governs the dynamics of the process. Although its application to industrial problems has often produced results superior to classical control, the design procedures are limited by the heuristic rules of the system. It is simply assumed that the rules for the system are readily available or can be obtained. This implicit assumption limits the application of fuzzy logic to the cases of the system with a few parameters. The number of parameters of a system could be large. The number of fuzzy rules of a system is directly dependent on these parameters. As the number of parameters increase, the number of fuzzy rules of the system grows exponentially. Genetic Algorithms can be used as a tool for the generation of fuzzy rules for a fuzzy logic system. This automatic generation of fuzzy rules, via genetic algorithms, can be categorised into two learning techniques, supervised and unsupervised. In this paper unsupervised learning of fuzzy rules of hierarchical and multi-layer fuzzy logic control systems are considered. In unsupervised learning there is no external teacher or critic to oversee the learning process. In other words, there are no specific examples of the function to be learned by the system. Rather, provision is made for a task-independent measure of the quality or representation that the system is required to learn. That is the system learns statistical regularities of the input data and it develops the ability to learn the feature of the input data and thereby create new classes automatically [Mohammadian, M., Nainar, I. and Kingham, M. (1997)]. To perform unsupervised learning, a competitive learning strategy may be used. The individual strings of genetic algorithms compete with each other for the “opportunity” to respond to features contained in the input data. In its simplest form, the system operates in accordance with the strategy that ‘the fittest wins and survives’. That is the individual chromosome in a population with greatest fitness ‘wins’ the competition and gets selected for the genetic algorithms operations (cross-over and mutation). The other individuals in the population then have to compete with fit individual to survive. The diversity of the learning tasks shown in this paper indicates genetic algorithm’s universality for concept learning in unsupervised manner. A hybrid integrated architecture incorporating fuzzy logic and genetic algorithm can generate fuzzy rules for problems requiring supervised or unsupervised learning. In this paper only unsupervised learning of fuzzy logic systems is considered. The learning of fuzzy rules and internal parameters in an unsupervised manner is performed using genetic algorithms. Simulations results have shown that the proposed system is capable of learning the control rules for hierarchical and multi-layer fuzzy logic systems. Application areas considered are, hierarchical control of a network of traffic light control and robotic systems. A first step in the construction of a fuzzy logic system is to determine which variables are fundamentally important. Any number of these decision variables may appear, but the more that are used, the larger the rule set that must be found. It is known [Raju, S., Zhou J. and Kisner, R. A. (1990), Raju G. V. S. and Zhou, J. (1993), Kingham, M., Mohammadian, M, and Stonier, R. J. (1998)], that the total number of rules in a system is an exponential function of the number of system variables. In order to design a fuzzy system with the required accuracy, the number of rules increases exponentially with the number of input variables and its associated fuzzy sets for the fuzzy logic system. A way to avoid the explosion of fuzzy rule bases in fuzzy logic systems is to consider Hierarchical Fuzzy Logic Control (HFLC) [Raju G. V. S. and Zhou, J. (1993)]. A learning approach based on genetic algorithms [Goldberg, D. (1989)] is discussed in this paper for the determination of the rule bases of hierarchical fuzzy logic systems.
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PATEL, Dr SARJOO. "EFFICIENT INTERIOR SPACE MANAGEMENT". W HABITATS: HOLISTIC APPROACHES TO BUILDING, INTERIORS AND TECHNICAL SYSTEMS. NOBLE SCIENCE PRESS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.52458/9788196897444.nsp2024.eb.ch-03.
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A house is a place where we all aspire to cherish quality time with our family. It is believed that a house functions as a home, where one spends most of the life-creating memorable moments with friends and family. With the rapid increase in world population, there has been a surge in the demand for housing space. As more and more individuals are in search of affordable and multipurpose space, it becomes even more important to design a house with a relaxing, pleasant, and aesthetically appealing interior (Husein, 2021). Today’s society is affected by urbanization, which is resulting in an increased demand for housing in the cities, lending to higher marketing prices and smaller apartments. There is a rise in the number of people struggling in present societies due to the increased population and urbanization. More people are drawn towards living in cities, which causes a rise in the number of small spaces (Urist, 2013). According to Doshi, (2019), people living in small houses face various difficulties such as the lack of clearance space, unorganized furniture arrangements, lack of storage space, improper selection of size-wise furniture which could make the room look smaller, the colour of the walls can also make the house look unpleasant, and low ceiling gives an illusion of shorter and bulkier room. Thus, to utilize the space available in the most beautiful way and with the least possible error, proper guidance is of utmost importance. Keywords : Cite : References : Desai, N. (2023). Designing Multipurpose Furniture for Small Spaces using a Combination of Interior Materials. Vadodara: Published Ph.D. Thesis. Doshi, N. (2019). Design Development and Space Utilization of selected Small Houses in Vadodara city. Vadodara: Unpublished Master's Thesis. Gandotra, V., & Patel, S. (2006). Housing for Family Living. Vadodara: Dominant Publishers and Distributors. Gauer, J. (2004). The new American dream: Living well in small homes. New York: The Monacelli Press, Inc. Husein, H. A. (2021). Multifunctional Furniture as a Smart Solution for Small Spaces for the Case of Zaniary Towers Apartments in Erbil City, Iraq. International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 12(1), 12A1H, 1-11. http://TUENG Rangwala, S. (2015). Building Construction. Anand, Gujarat, India: Charotar Publishing House. Rao, R. (2018). Ergonomic Evaluation of Residences (External Areas and Living Room) of the Elderly. International Journal of Research Culture Society. Vol 2, Issue 4, Apr 2018 pp.320 – 330. (201804063.pdf (ijrcs.org) Suman Singh (2007) Ergonomic Interventions for Health and Productivity. Himanshu Publications, Udaipur. ISBN: 81-7906-148-5. Susanka, S. (2000). Creating the not-so-big house: Insights and ideas for the new American home. The Taunton Press, Inc. T. (2014, August 21). Are tiny houses and micro-apartments the future of urban homes? https://www.theguardian.com/: Urist, J. (2013, December 19). The Health Risks of Small Apartments Living in tiny spaces can cause psychological problems. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/12/the-health-risks-of-small-apartments/282150/ Wilhide, E. (2008). Small spaces: Maximizing limited spaces for living. London, England: Jacqui Small LLP.
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"This final Afterword brings together (at least) five characters. Firstly, there is Ben, a young man who has had a 'mental breakdown'. Secondly, there is Theo, a psychiatric nurse who is working with Ben and who reflects on their relationship. Thirdly, there is F, who does (at least) two things: she discusses the theory of reflective practice and she reflects on Theo's reflections as if she was Theo. Fourthly, there is R, who occasionally comments and theorises on F's reflections. And finally, there is the chorus, a series of voices telling a series of stories. These characters ask (but do not answer) a number of questions, largely concerned with truth and the nature of practice. Thus, if practice is seen as a text, then to what extent and in what sense can it be said to be true? And if reflection is a story that I tell to myself, then is it nothing but a branch of fiction? And if it is...? And finally, of course, we come to the question of endings... Notes 1 Derrida, J. Afterword: toward an ethic of discussion. In G. Graff (ed) Limited Inc, Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 1988, p.146 2 Derrida, J. But, beyond... (Open letter to Anne McClintock and Rob Nixon), Critical Inquiry, 1986, 13, 1, 155-70, p.167, his emphases 3 Derrida, J. (1967) Of Grammatology, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1974, p.94 Derrida, But, beyond..., op. cit., p.167 5 Lechte, J. Fifty Key Contemporary Thinkers, London: Routledge, 1994, p.106 6 Russell, B. The Problems of Philosophy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973, p.40 7 Blomfield, R. & Hardy, S. Evidence-based nursing practice. In S. Reynolds & L. Trinder (eds), Evidence-Based Practice: A Critical Approach, Oxford: Blackwell Science, 2000 8 Derrida, J. (1972) Dissemination, London: The Athlone Press, 1981, p.111 9 All three statements are taken from DiCenso, A., Cullum, N. & Ciliska, D. Implementing evidence-based nursing: some misconceptions, Evidence-Based Nursing, 1, 2, 38-40, 1998 10 Ibid.,p.29". W Deconstructing Evidence-Based Practice, 198. Routledge, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203422311-48.
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Nicak, Tomas, Arnaud Blouin, Stephane Marie i Olivier Ancelet. "ATLAS+ European Project - General Method for the Components J-R Curve Derivation". W ASME 2022 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2022-84853.
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Abstract The main objective and mission of the European Project ATLAS+ project was to develop advanced structural assessment tools to address the remaining technology gaps for the safe and long term operation of nuclear reactor pressure coolant boundary systems. ATLAS+ WP3 was focused mainly on ductile tearing prediction for large defects in components. Several approaches have been developed to accurately model the ductile tearing process and to take into account phenomena such as the triaxiality effect, or the ability to predict large tearing in industrial components. These advanced models include local approach coupled models or advanced energetic approaches. Unfortunately, the application of these tools is today rather limited to R&D or expertise. However, because of the continuous progress in the performance of the calculation tools and accumulated knowledge, in particular by members of ATLAS+, these models can now be considered as relevant for application in the context of engineering assessments. Although there are analytical solutions for calculation of J-Integral values for many standard specimen geometries (i.e. CT or SENT), limited or no formulas are available for more complex structures such as pipes, elbows, T-junctions, pressure vessels etc. Therefore, there is a need to develop a methodology which can be used for derivation of J-R curves for an arbitrary component geometry on the basis of experimental results obtained by testing small size laboratory specimens. To achieve this goal Framatome GmbH used combined local approach (GTN model) and elastic-plastic calculations to determine J-R curves whereas Framatome France used analytical methodologies to derive the J-R curves from local approach results (GTN model). In both cases, the Δa and J values were calculated at the deepest point of the crack front. This paper shows promising results and concludes there is a significant margin in the fracture mechanics assessment based on material properties obtained by testing highly constrained standard specimens compared to more realistic structural situations.
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Stratil, Ludek, Filip Siska, Hynek Hadraba i Ivo Dlouhy. "The Prediction of Size Effect on J-R Curve for Eurofer97 Steel by Simplified Mechanical Model". W ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45703.
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The possibilities to derive fracture toughness from small specimens are naturally limited due to constraint requirements which are especially restrictive in toughness testing. The loss of constraint at the crack tip is more likely to occur as specimen size decreases. Application of miniature specimens in fracture toughness testing thus requires a suitable methodology or correction procedure to deal with phenomenon of the constraint loss. Schindler et al. have proposed a simplified mechanical model that can be used to scale-up the key test characteristics from miniature specimen to the larger one. The model is applied to the miniature bending specimens to describe size effect on J-R curve of the Eurofer97 steel. The examined steel exhibits quite high toughness values at upper shelf region of fracture toughness. As a result, experimentally determined J-R curves of three different sizes of pre-cracked bending specimens showed high values of J-integral, which were significantly different each other. Using semi-empirical definition of the exponent of the power law function of J-R curve the performance of the Schindler’s model was quite successful. It was shown that the model is able to handle with size effect of tested pre-cracked three-point-bend specimens.
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Stratil, Ludek, Filip Siska, Hynek Hadraba i Ivo Dlouhy. "The Size Effect on J-R Curve for Construction Steels and its Prediction by Simplified Mechanical Model". W ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84866.
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Evaluation of mechanical properties from a small amount of test material is essential in a process of development of new alloys and monitoring of degradation and damage of in-service components. Miniaturization of test specimen together with a specimen reconstitution technique enable direct method of evaluation of mechanical properties if only a limited amount of material is available. Modern types of construction steels and alloys possess improved metallurgical and mechanical properties and also demonstrate a high level of fracture toughness. In these cases, correlation and correction of size effect on fracture toughness between different specimen sizes are needed. Within this contribution the size effect of J-R curve for two sizes of three-point-bend specimens is solved. The J-R curves of three-point-bend specimens with cross-section 10 × 10 mm and 3 × 4 mm of P91 and Eurofer97 steel were determined at room temperature. The existence of size effect is proven as larger specimens demonstrate higher J-R curves than smaller specimens for both steels. Simplified mechanical model based on fracture energies initially proposed by Schindler et al. is applied to describe experimentally determined J-R curves and to predict the observed size effect between used specimen sizes.
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Yoo, One, Ki-Seok Yoon, Tack-Sang Choi i Bong-Sang Lee. "J-Resistance Properties of Narrow Gap GTAW Welds for Ferritic Primary Loop Piping". W ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71712.
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J-Resistance properties of automatic narrow gap gas tungsten arc welds (NGGTAW) for ferritic primary loop piping were investigated. The piping diameter is 1066 mm and its thickness is 76 mm. To do this, tensile, micro-hardness and J-R tests were performed and the microstructures of the welds were examined. Tensile and J-R tests were conducted at 316°C and 177°C for temperature effect and at 1 mm/min and 1000 mm/min for strain rate effect. The results were compared with the weld cases which are fabricated by the conventional SMAW process. NGGTAW welds investigated in this paper have lower J-R curves than the SMAW welds do. Fracture surfaces of the NGGTAW welds have an unusual appearance with deep ditches and holes due to the inclusions and pores. It is believed that the high density of the inclusion and the pore which exists in the NGGTAW welds is responsible for this low toughness and the cracked surface. Therefore, for an improvement of the NGGTAW weld toughness, it is recommended that sulfur content should be limited to a considerably low level and the pore should be eliminated by modifying the welding procedure specification.
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Machida, Hideo, i Takehiko Kato. "Screening Criteria of Fracture Assessment Methods for Pipes Having a Circumferential Surface Flaw". W ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65314.
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This paper describes examinations of the screening criteria of fracture assessment methods for pipes having a circumferential surface flaw. The failure mode screening criteria for ferritic steel pipes are defined in Appendix E-11 of the Rules on Fitness-for-service for Nuclear Power Plants [1] (hereinafter, the FFS Codes) of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME) and ARTICLE C-4000 of ASME Section XI [2] (hereinafter, ASME Sec. XI). However, these screening criteria were assessed under limited conditions; they are not intended for detailed evaluation. Essentially, the fracture mode depends on a stress-strain curve, a J-R curve, flaw shape (length and depth), pipe shape (R/t), etc. First, among these parameters, these that have a large effect on fracture strength evaluation were selected. The important parameters for fracture strength are a stress-strain curve, a J-R curve, flaw depth. Next, failure modes according to these parameters were classified. Finally, a screening method to determine whether the failure mode is Limit Load (LL) or Elastic-Plastic Fracture Mechanics (EPFM) for all pipe materials was proposed. The proposed method is a general method not limiting the applicable pipe materials.
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Rudland, David L., Gery Wilkowski, Yong-Yi Wang, David Horsley, Brian Rothwell i Alan Glover. "Development of a Procedure for the Calculation of J-R Curves From Pressed-Notch Drop Weight Tear Test Specimens". W 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27028.
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Over the last few years, there have been ongoing efforts funded by TransCanada PipeLines Limited to develop a more fundamentally based procedure to extract a true measure of the dynamic steady-state fracture toughness of linepipe steels. As part of this effort, considerable research has focused on the drop-weight tear test (DWTT) specimen as the baseline specimen to be used in this development. Using instrumented DWTT test equipment, dynamic load-displacement histories were extracted from the experiments. In addition, a visual measure of the crack growth, and the crack-tip-opening angle (CTOA) were obtained from high-speed video equipment. A procedure has been developed using detailed three-dimensional finite element analyses that calculate the J-integral as a function of crack growth for these dynamic experiments. The results from these analyses have been verified using published procedures on similar scale specimens. This paper presents the development of a procedure for calculating the dynamic J-R curve from the load-displacement trace of a pressed-notch DWTT specimen. The slope of the JM-R curves generated provides technical insight into the range of steady-state propagation that occurs during these experiments. The slope of the JM-R curve (dJM/da) is compared to the visually measured CTOA values and conclusions about the relationship between these parameters and the steady-state propagation energy are made. These results are key in the development of a procedure to predict steady-state fracture propagation from laboratory specimen data.
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Mourgue, Philippe, Vincent Robin, Philippe Gilles, Florence Gommez, Alexandre Brosse i Sebastien Gallee. "3D Simulation of a Peripheral Adapter J-Groove Attachment Weld in a Vessel Head". W ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28151.
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In Pressurized Water Reactors, most of heavy components and pipes have a large thickness and their manufacturing processes often require multi-pass welding. Despite the stiffness of these components, the distortion issue may be important for operational requirements (e.g. misalignment) or controllability reasons (Non Destructive Examinations have to be achievable, therefore ovalization should be limited). These requirements may be difficult to achieve by simply adjusting welding processes. Indeed because of the complexity of mechanisms involved during a welding operation and the high number of influencing parameters, this process is still essentially based on the experience of the welder. Furthermore the experimental estimation of the stress and distortion level in the component remains a difficult task that is subject to errors even if techniques are currently improved to become more accurate. These are the reasons why AREVA has put a large effort to improve welding numerical simulations, in order to have a better understanding of the involved physical phenomena and also to predict the residual state through the structure. Computational welding mechanics is used to qualify the manufacturing processes in the very early phase of the welded component design. Within the framework of a R&D program whose main objective was to improve tools for the numerical simulation of welding regarding industrial needs, AREVA has decided to validate new methodologies based on 3D computation by comparison with measurements. For this validation task the chosen industrial demonstrator was a Control Rod Drive Mechanism (CRDM) Nozzle with a J-groove attachment weld to the vessel head. For such an application, operations of post-joining straightening have to be limited, if not prohibited, because of their cost or the impossibility to use them in front of a steel giant. The control of distortion during welding operations is a key issue for which simulation can be of great help. Regarding distortion issues, both accurate metal deposit sequence modeling and respect of the real welding parameters are mandatory, especially for multi-pass operation on such a complex geometry. The aim of this paper is to present the simulation of the distortion of a peripheral adapter J-groove attachment weld mock-up. This new full 3D simulation improves the result of the previous one based on lumped pass deposits. It is the result of a fruitful collaboration between AREVA and ESI-Group.
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Le Delliou, Patrick, i Samuel Geniaut. "Tests on SENT and CT Specimens to Study Geometry Effects in the Brittle to Ductile Transition". W ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63235.
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The accurate prediction of ductile fracture behaviour plays an important role in structural integrity assessments of critical engineering structures under fully plastic regime, including nuclear reactors and piping systems. Many structural steels and aluminium alloys generally exhibit significant increases in fracture toughness, characterized by the J-integral, over the first few mm of stable crack extension (Δa), often accompanied by large increases in background plastic deformation. Conventional testing programs to measure crack growth resistance (J–Δa) curves employ three-point bend, SEN(B), or compact, CT. However, laboratory testing of fracture specimens to measure resistance curves (J–Δa) consistently reveals a marked effect of absolute specimen size, geometry, relative crack size (a/W ratio) and loading mode (tension vs. bending) on R-curves. These effects observed in R-curves have enormous practical implications in defect assessments and repair decisions of in-service structures under low constraint conditions. Structural components falling into this category include pressurized piping systems with surface flaws that form during fabrication or during in-service operation. A research program was launched by EDF R&D to study geometry effects (e.g. triaxiality effects) in the brittle to ductile transition of carbon-manganese steels using Single-edge notch tension (SENT) specimens, by comparing the results obtained on these specimens with the results obtained on CT specimens. This paper presents the results of the tests conducted between −40°C and −100°C on a large number of specimens of both types. The toughness values of the SENT specimens appear to be included in the scatter of the CT12.5 ones, so the geometry effect between CT and SENT specimens in the brittle to ductile region is not significant. Moreover, the results of the CT12.5 cut in the L-S direction are not very different of those of the specimens cut in the T-S direction. The Master Curve methodology fits rather well the CT12.5 results, whereas the SENT results are not well covered by this methodology. The energetic approach called GP has been applied to the analysis of some tests. This approach shows that the geometry effect between both types of specimens is limited, in agreement with the experimental observations.
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Bonora, N., A. Carlucci, A. Ruggiero i G. Iannitti. "Simplified Approach for Fracture Integrity Assessment of Bimetallic Girth Weld Joint". W ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-11492.
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Recent extensive use of Corrosion Resistance Alloy (CRA) as internal protection layer of standard carbon-steel pipes (clad and lined pipe) in the oil and gas industry requires an intensive use of bimetallic welds. Since some degree of defects in welds is inevitable, and in codes and standards (such as BS7910) the case of bi-metallic joint is usually not considered, some R&D’s activities are ongoing to define specific design guidance for an Engineering Critical Assessment (ECA) aimed at determining flaw acceptance criteria for fabrication of bimetallic joints. Based on the limited guidance in the literature, proposed procedures for ECA on CRA welds seem not cover the root/hot pass weld region, for which the requirement of “zero defect” became mandatory. As direct consequence, it penalizes the weld fabrication rate, particularly if “J-lay” or “S-Lay” methods are adopted. Furthermore, they are investigating on cases where weld material is overmatching the base metal or for a limited partial overmatching, despite for CRA welds, such conditions, seem quite difficult to be fully met, if current consumable materials present in the marked are selected. Aim of present paper is to describe how any standard ECA procedure (ordinarily used to assess carbon-steel welds) may be alternatively adopted to assess CRA welds for clad & lined pipe material, if specific conditions are respected. For this purpose a few number of elastic-plastic Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is required to identify and/or extends the validity limits which have to be met in order to be conservative in the use of selected standard procedure. Outer, inner and under clad flaws, located along the weld fusion line, were investigated. Such approach, certainly leads to a quite conservatism, but gives the advantage to provide a safe flaws acceptance criterion in root/hot pass weld, and it may be also applied for any level of weld partial overmatching condition. Despite proposed simplified approach is suitable until moderate plastic straining, it may be appropriated for any ECA on CRA pipe when “J-lay” or “S-lay” installation method is adopted, and/or for many riser’s configuration, and/or for several flowline routing also if exposed to post-buckling condition. It is demonstrated that the proposed simplified approach, when applied under moderate plastic strain conditions, provides accurate J-integral solutions compared to the complex method as proposed by current R&D.
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Lhachemi, Dounia, Vincent Robin, Philippe Gilles, Philippe Mourge i Mehdi Zemmouri. "3D Simulation of a Peripheral Adapter J-Groove Attachment Weld in a Vessel Head". W ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25703.
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In Pressurized Water Reactors, most of components have large thicknesses and their manufacturing processes often require multipass welding. In spite of the stiffness of these components, the distortion issue may be important for operational requirements (e.g. misalignment) or controllability reasons (Non Destructive Examinations have to be feasible). These requirements may be difficult to meet by adjusting welding processes. Indeed because of the complexity of mechanisms involved during a welding operation and the high number of influencing parameters, this process is still essentially based on the experience of the welder. Furthermore the experimental estimation of the stress and distortion level in the component remains a difficult task that is subject to errors even if techniques are currently improved to become more accurate. That is the reason why AREVA NP has put many efforts into developing welding numerical simulations, in order to have a better understanding of the involved physical phenomena and also to predict the residual state allowing a qualification of the manufacturing processes in the very early phase of the welded components design. Within the framework of a R&D program whose main objective was to improve tools for numerical simulation of industrial cases of welding, AREVA NP has decided to validate new methodologies based on 3D computation by comparison with measurements. For this validation task the chosen test case concerns a peripheral adapter J-groove attachment weld on a vessel head. For such an application, operations of post-joining straightening have to be limited, if not prohibited, because of their cost or the impossibility to use them in front of a steel giant. The control of distortions during welding operations constitutes an important stake for which simulation can be of great help. Regarding distortions issues, an accurate metal deposit sequence modeling is mandatory, especially for multipass welding on such a complex geometry. The aim of this paper is to present, through a peripheral adapter J-groove attachment weld mock-up, the capabilities AREVA NP has in order to predict, in an efficient way the consequences of complex welding operations requiring 3D transient numerical simulations.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "R. J. La Varis Limited"
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Shim, D. J., Gery Wilkowski, Mohammed Uddin, Sureshkumar Kalyanam i P. Mincer. PR-276-094509-R01 Develop Fracture Initiation Criteria for High-Strength Steel Line Pipe Phase II. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), sierpień 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010072.
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This report summarizes the major findings from a PRCI Project on developing fracture initiation criteria for axial flaws (both through-wall and surface flaws) in high-strength line-pipe materials. This work was originally done on the basis to see if improvements were needed for higher-grade steels, but interestingly there were several outcomes that affect predictions for all piping steels. One of the outcomes of this work is a new correlation between Charpy USE and J-R curve for high-strength materials. Although it is based on limited data, it was demonstrated that there is significant difference compared to the existing correlation. Another interesting finding is the effect of the internal patch on burst pressure of axial through-wall-cracked pipe test. Careful experimental and detailed finite element analyses showed patching affects burst pressure by at least 10-percent which affects the leak-rupture boundary. For axial surface-cracked pipes, the effect of crack shape on the crack-driving force was investigated. Finally, it was demonstrated that the actual axial surface-cracked pipe bulging factor is considerably lower than bulging factor empirically derived at Battelle in the 1970s. If past bulging factor is used for subcritical crack growth (e.g., for SCC or fatigue analyses), the crack growth and start of ductile tearing can be significantly overpredicted. Overall, J-T analysis provided the most accurate results when proper crack-driving forces and J-R curves were used (both for axial through-wall-cracked pipe and axial surface-cracked pipe). This report also includes recommendations for future work.
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MacFarlane, Andrew. 2021 medical student essay prize winner - A case of grief. Society for Academic Primary Care, lipiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37361/medstudessay.2021.1.1.
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As a student undertaking a Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship (LIC)1 based in a GP practice in a rural community in the North of Scotland, I have been lucky to be given responsibility and my own clinic lists. Every day I conduct consultations that change my practice: the challenge of clinically applying the theory I have studied, controlling a consultation and efficiently exploring a patient's problems, empathising with and empowering them to play a part in their own care2 – and most difficult I feel – dealing with the vast amount of uncertainty that medicine, and particularly primary care, presents to both clinician and patient. I initially consulted with a lady in her 60s who attended with her husband, complaining of severe lower back pain who was very difficult to assess due to her pain level. Her husband was understandably concerned about the degree of pain she was in. After assessment and discussion with one of the GPs, we agreed some pain relief and a physio assessment in the next few days would be a practical plan. The patient had one red flag, some leg weakness and numbness, which was her ‘normal’ on account of her multiple sclerosis. At the physio assessment a few days later, the physio felt things were worse and some urgent bloods were ordered, unfortunately finding raised cancer and inflammatory markers. A CT scan of the lung found widespread cancer, a later CT of the head after some developing some acute confusion found brain metastases, and a week and a half after presenting to me, the patient sadly died in hospital. While that was all impactful enough on me, it was the follow-up appointment with the husband who attended on the last triage slot of the evening two weeks later that I found completely altered my understanding of grief and the mourning of a loved one. The husband had asked to speak to a Andrew MacFarlane Year 3 ScotGEM Medical Student 2 doctor just to talk about what had happened to his wife. The GP decided that it would be better if he came into the practice - strictly he probably should have been consulted with over the phone due to coronavirus restrictions - but he was asked what he would prefer and he opted to come in. I sat in on the consultation, I had been helping with any examinations the triage doctor needed and I recognised that this was the husband of the lady I had seen a few weeks earlier. He came in and sat down, head lowered, hands fiddling with the zip on his jacket, trying to find what to say. The GP sat, turned so that they were opposite each other with no desk between them - I was seated off to the side, an onlooker, but acknowledged by the patient with a kind nod when he entered the room. The GP asked gently, “How are you doing?” and roughly 30 seconds passed (a long time in a conversation) before the patient spoke. “I just really miss her…” he whispered with great effort, “I don’t understand how this all happened.” Over the next 45 minutes, he spoke about his wife, how much pain she had been in, the rapid deterioration he witnessed, the cancer being found, and cruelly how she had passed away after he had gone home to get some rest after being by her bedside all day in the hospital. He talked about how they had met, how much he missed her, how empty the house felt without her, and asking himself and us how he was meant to move forward with his life. He had a lot of questions for us, and for himself. Had we missed anything – had he missed anything? The GP really just listened for almost the whole consultation, speaking to him gently, reassuring him that this wasn’t his or anyone’s fault. She stated that this was an awful time for him and that what he was feeling was entirely normal and something we will all universally go through. She emphasised that while it wasn’t helpful at the moment, that things would get better over time.3 He was really glad I was there – having shared a consultation with his wife and I – he thanked me emphatically even though I felt like I hadn’t really helped at all. After some tears, frequent moments of silence and a lot of questions, he left having gotten a lot off his chest. “You just have to listen to people, be there for them as they go through things, and answer their questions as best you can” urged my GP as we discussed the case when the patient left. Almost all family caregivers contact their GP with regards to grief and this consultation really made me realise how important an aspect of my practice it will be in the future.4 It has also made me reflect on the emphasis on undergraduate teaching around ‘breaking bad news’ to patients, but nothing taught about when patients are in the process of grieving further down the line.5 The skill Andrew MacFarlane Year 3 ScotGEM Medical Student 3 required to manage a grieving patient is not one limited to general practice. Patients may grieve the loss of function from acute trauma through to chronic illness in all specialties of medicine - in addition to ‘traditional’ grief from loss of family or friends.6 There wasn’t anything ‘medical’ in the consultation, but I came away from it with a real sense of purpose as to why this career is such a privilege. We look after patients so they can spend as much quality time as they are given with their loved ones, and their loved ones are the ones we care for after they are gone. We as doctors are the constant, and we have to meet patients with compassion at their most difficult times – because it is as much a part of the job as the knowledge and the science – and it is the part of us that patients will remember long after they leave our clinic room. Word Count: 993 words References 1. ScotGEM MBChB - Subjects - University of St Andrews [Internet]. [cited 2021 Mar 27]. Available from: https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/subjects/medicine/scotgem-mbchb/ 2. Shared decision making in realistic medicine: what works - gov.scot [Internet]. [cited 2021 Mar 27]. Available from: https://www.gov.scot/publications/works-support-promote-shared-decisionmaking-synthesis-recent-evidence/pages/1/ 3. Ghesquiere AR, Patel SR, Kaplan DB, Bruce ML. Primary care providers’ bereavement care practices: Recommendations for research directions. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2014 Dec;29(12):1221–9. 4. Nielsen MK, Christensen K, Neergaard MA, Bidstrup PE, Guldin M-B. Grief symptoms and primary care use: a prospective study of family caregivers. BJGP Open [Internet]. 2020 Aug 1 [cited 2021 Mar 27];4(3). Available from: https://bjgpopen.org/content/4/3/bjgpopen20X101063 5. O’Connor M, Breen LJ. General Practitioners’ experiences of bereavement care and their educational support needs: a qualitative study. BMC Medical Education. 2014 Mar 27;14(1):59. 6. Sikstrom L, Saikaly R, Ferguson G, Mosher PJ, Bonato S, Soklaridis S. Being there: A scoping review of grief support training in medical education. PLOS ONE. 2019 Nov 27;14(11):e0224325.