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Henry, Alexandre. "Aménagement des éco–quartiers et de la biodiversité". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0091.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn a context of global changes, decline of biodiversity and increase of the urban population, the request of urban developers to integrate biodiversity into their practices is increasingly strong. My PhD thesis aimed to (1) make a review of the consideration of biodiversity in urban development, and (2) develop new tools to help developers to improve their practices. In the first part focused on biodiversity review, (1) we have expressed some doubts about the relevance of the use of current green roofs as possible integrated element of an ecological network; (2) The study of environmental measures implemented in 54 European eco-districts (mainly in France) showed that designers appeared to focus primarily on environmental benefits in terms of energy, transport, waste, water, and more rarely on biodiversity conservation; (3) LCA (life cycle analysis), a tool commonly used by developers to calculate the environmental impacts of a product (a green roof , a building or a district) integrates badly biodiversity in its calculations, and its use to compare different green elements could standardize practices which lead to an homogenization of biodiversity associated with the deterioration of ecosystem functioning. To help developers to better consider biodiversity in their practices, we have firstly contributed to the improvement of the tool «Profil-Biodiversité» created by Frank Derrien, and secondly, we have developed our own tool (BioDi(v)Strict) based on the diversity of habitats and the presence of four groups of bioindicator species to better reflect the ecological dynamic of a site. Both tools have been applied on a pilot site: the Cité Descartes (in Noisy-le- Grand and Champs-sur‐Marne). Finally, in order to let emerging a collective biodiversity awareness for the different local actors, we have developed a tool (NewDistrict) based on a multi‐agent system (MAS) model combined with a role-playing game constructed in a context of urban sprawl
Héland, Laure. "Le quartier comme lieu d'émergence d'expérimentation et d'appropriation du développement durable. Analyse à partir des processus d'aménagement de deux quartiers européens : vauban et Hyldespjaeldet". Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR1806/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSustainable neighborhhods are increasingly numerous, are in a position to question the urban planning principles applied in Europe for sorne forty years now. This Thesis effort is about the planning process of sustainable urban neighborhoods, analyzed as a process ofterritorialisation of sustainable development. We propose the hypothesis that these local initiatives, even ifthey are still in the minority, contribute nonetheless to sorne fresh thinking about urban planning. Two European neighborhoods are analyzed, observing more precisely what connections there are between the environmental quality extolled in these neighborhoods and the social reality which takes shape there, in the same time and way. Based on the analysis ofthese areas the thesis wonder about the two principle aspects of this connection: on one hand, on the action of the inhabitants about their environment and, on the other hand, about the importance of place, of spaces for living: how is it perceived today in development planning? This importance of place, will it be characteristic of a new trend in urban planning?
Henry, Alexandre. "Aménagement des éco-quartiers et de la biodiversité". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00910820.
Pełny tekst źródłaSavidan, Lise. "L'appropriation du modèle de quartiers durables sous climat tropical : mise en place d'une grille d’indicateurs de durabilité urbaine appliquée au quartier de Ravine Blanche sur l'île de La Réunion". Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0028.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe urban sustainability is a contemporary preoccupation, because of the international environnemental & social events which take place at the end of the 20th century. Sustainable neighbourhoods are solutions proposed to take in account the new societal stakes into the urban sphere. The intervention scales seems to be adequate to test new conceptions solutions. This phd tried to describe how the concept is adapted into tropical field. In a first part we propose to describe the general concept of sustainability, its emergence conditions, its majors principles and the subjects that gathered or drove apart the scientific community. In a second part we present some specificities of tropical cities, we propose conceptions principles adapted to the climate. We create a tool to evaluate urban sustainability in tropical neigbourhoods. Composed of fifty urban indicators separated into three majors axis, this tool allows to evaluate the durability nivel of urban projects at a quarter scale. We propose three nivel of performance to evaluate durability: Basis, Performant, Very Performant. In a third part of the document, we apply the tool on Ravine Blanche quarter, located into a humide tropical climate, in Reunion island (Indian Ocean). According to the results, thanks to sustainable project of renovation applied on the quarter, Ravine Blanche reaches a Basis level of durability.This phd, allows to evaluate in tropical territories how the concepters take in account the sustainability, comparing to the general concept. It proposes to the urban concepters adapted solutions to deal with the hot climate
Lotteau, Marc. "Développement d’une approche d’intégration des questions de morphologie urbaine dans l’évaluation environnementale des projets d’aménagement à l’échelle du quartier basée sur l’analyse de cycle de vie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0685.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work is a contribution to the environmental assessment of urban development projects in the upstream design phase. It focuses on integrating urban morphology issues with life cycle analysis (LCA) applied to the built environment at the neighborhood scale. The energy performance of buildings is partly determined by design choices relating to the urban form and its interactions with climate. The objective of this thesis is to provide to the design teams a way to take into account the influence of the urban form on the energy potentials of a neighborhood with a life cycle perspective.A preliminary study was conducted on two neighborhoods to detail the influence of the urban form on their energy potentials. An approach to modeling the embodied energy and embodied carbon of buildings is proposed. A sensitivity analysis and a contribution analysis of this model are performed on two generic building shapes. The results demonstrate the key influence of the shape of the buildings and a very strong link between the embodied energy and the building’s compactness. An approach to assessing the passive heating potential and passive summer comfort potential at the neighborhood scale is also developed. It is based on the transformation of a neighborhood in an equivalent urban form (regular array of block buildings), and on the application of metamodels of a thermal simulation engine. The method is tested and discussed on a corpus of 45 case studies. These methodological developments are intended to be integrated into an existing tool for neighborhood LCA (NEST)
Savidan, Lise. "L'appropriation du modèle de quartiers durables sous climat tropical : mise en place d'une grille d’indicateurs de durabilité urbaine appliquée au quartier de Ravine Blanche sur l'île de La Réunion". Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0028/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe urban sustainability is a contemporary preoccupation, because of the international environnemental & social events which take place at the end of the 20th century. Sustainable neighbourhoods are solutions proposed to take in account the new societal stakes into the urban sphere. The intervention scales seems to be adequate to test new conceptions solutions. This phd tried to describe how the concept is adapted into tropical field. In a first part we propose to describe the general concept of sustainability, its emergence conditions, its majors principles and the subjects that gathered or drove apart the scientific community. In a second part we present some specificities of tropical cities, we propose conceptions principles adapted to the climate. We create a tool to evaluate urban sustainability in tropical neigbourhoods. Composed of fifty urban indicators separated into three majors axis, this tool allows to evaluate the durability nivel of urban projects at a quarter scale. We propose three nivel of performance to evaluate durability: Basis, Performant, Very Performant. In a third part of the document, we apply the tool on Ravine Blanche quarter, located into a humide tropical climate, in Reunion island (Indian Ocean). According to the results, thanks to sustainable project of renovation applied on the quarter, Ravine Blanche reaches a Basis level of durability.This phd, allows to evaluate in tropical territories how the concepters take in account the sustainability, comparing to the general concept. It proposes to the urban concepters adapted solutions to deal with the hot climate
Imerzoukene, Hassina. "La ville de Freiburg (Allemagne) face au développement durable : quelle place pour les mobilités des habitants des quartiers Vauban et Rieselfeld ?" Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG050.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis dissertation thesis presents a combined analysis of planning and transport policies in the city of Freiburg (Germany). The aim is to examine the evolving practices of the urban fabric and to grasp the multiple transformations of mobility systems from a sustainable development perspective. The research is based on quantitative and qualitative data from a survey conducted in the city. The research traces back the processes of transformation over the past few years in order to better understand current dynamics both from the point of view of the conflicts at stake and the compromises in practice. On the one hand, the study of the implementation modalities of urban sustainability policies highlights the existence of permanent negotiating spaces between competing actors. On the other hand, the refined analysis of the transport system and the daily mobility of the inhabitants of the "sustainable neighborhoods" of Vauban and Rieselfeld, which are usually considered as "models" in this matter, actually questions the scope of integrated local policies for urban development and mobility, in particular with regard to the place of the automobile and its alternatives
Durousseau, Sylvie. "Patrimoine foncier pollué et urbanisme". Limoges, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIMO0484.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe, Cornec Erwann. "La prise en compte de l'environnement par les règles d'urbanisme". Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010254.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe planning regulations provide a manifold and complete means of environmental protection through the use of local planning guidelines; essentially as a facility, rarely as an obligation. However, the methods of regulation that have been created or maintained in order to ensure the possible inclusion of the environment are far from fulfilling their role : either they are unused, under-used, or worse, applied perversely. A close inspection of some of these mechanisms shows that one can indeed talk of a certain liberality towards these internal controls of the local planning regulations to the extent even of a concealed "de-reglementation", no less prejudicial to the environment. Thus, one can see that planning law applied to local and development planning guidelines is not as neutral towards the environment as it would appear at first sight. It is then necessary to resort to means external to the local and development planning system in order that they be charged with the obligation to take into account the environment. The protection of the environment then applies as an imposed limitation to the local and development planning guidelines in two ways : on the one hand, through the planning codes applicable at a territorial level superior to the commune (Parish) or congregation of communes ; and on the other, through specific legislations concerning the environment. This implies a certain complexity in law, in particular the continued development of judicial means to controle the interactions between these two spheres, but it is necessary in order that the environment be properly protected by local and developement plans and regulations
Serre, Agnès. "Aménagement urbain et organisations populaires : le cas des quartiers de Belém do Para (Brésil)". Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0013.
Pełny tekst źródłaLotteau, Marc. "Développement d’une approche d’intégration des questions de morphologie urbaine dans l’évaluation environnementale des projets d’aménagement à l’échelle du quartier basée sur l’analyse de cycle de vie". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0685/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work is a contribution to the environmental assessment of urban development projects in the upstream design phase. It focuses on integrating urban morphology issues with life cycle analysis (LCA) applied to the built environment at the neighborhood scale. The energy performance of buildings is partly determined by design choices relating to the urban form and its interactions with climate. The objective of this thesis is to provide to the design teams a way to take into account the influence of the urban form on the energy potentials of a neighborhood with a life cycle perspective.A preliminary study was conducted on two neighborhoods to detail the influence of the urban form on their energy potentials. An approach to modeling the embodied energy and embodied carbon of buildings is proposed. A sensitivity analysis and a contribution analysis of this model are performed on two generic building shapes. The results demonstrate the key influence of the shape of the buildings and a very strong link between the embodied energy and the building’s compactness. An approach to assessing the passive heating potential and passive summer comfort potential at the neighborhood scale is also developed. It is based on the transformation of a neighborhood in an equivalent urban form (regular array of block buildings), and on the application of metamodels of a thermal simulation engine. The method is tested and discussed on a corpus of 45 case studies. These methodological developments are intended to be integrated into an existing tool for neighborhood LCA (NEST)
Assongmo, Théophile. "Les quartiers marginaux de l'agglomération de Yaoundé : logique de constitution et problèmes d'aménagement". Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20030.
Pełny tekst źródłaCapital city of Cameroon, Yaoundé wich is found on a hilly site, has experienced since several years a peculiar process of land occupation. This process has been taking place in swampy and steep slope areas without respect for town planning norms. It is chaotic, illegal but tacitly encouraged by the unconcerned town planning authorities (officials). Today in the sites studied, urban planning problems are very grave posing serious challenges to the administrative authorities and danger to life of the city inhabitants. Characterised by a perceptible dynamic urbanisation process, these zones constitute problem areas, wich are negative particularly when one observes the urban landscape of the city. These zones are characterised by multiple set backs that include physical nature of the zone occupied, judicial nature of the zone since land needs to be occupied by legal procedures, the architectural nature of buildings, the nature of the inhabitants of the studied zones, wich involves the poorest. This study comprises four essential parts. The first part presents the site of the town of Yaoundé suitable frame for an uncontrolled urban spatial dynamic. The second part analyses the tricky question of land tenure, wich is the main cause of precarious situations and problems faced by the city dwellers in the marginal quarters of Yaoundé. The third part analyses the different main risks and the under equipment realities faced in the marginal quarters of Yaoundé and their consequences on the health of the inhabitants. To round up, part four analyses the arrangement strategies put in place by the actors encountered in the swamps and steep slope areas studied. It envisages also an option of arrangement suitable to bring out solutions to all the problems wich are encountered in the marginal quarters of Yaoundé
Doussard, Claire. "Evaluer les éco-quartiers : analyses comparatives internationales". Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H070/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince the end of the 20th century, eco-neighborhoods have contributed to the international development of a sustainable city paradigm. However, while the concept of sustainable development is today the result of an international consensus, its urban applications at the local level are multiple and diverse. Following this observation, many stakeholders have designed neighborhood sustainability assessment tools (NSAT) in the past ten years. The latter contribute to the design and construction of sustainable neighborhoods while justifying stakeholders choices. Those tools also measure the eco-neighborhood performance, using several consensual and measurable criteria over time. Moreover, NSA T which are locally designed and often standardized, are likely to be exported internationally. However, internationally exporting a NSAT designed locally is paradoxical, in relation to sustainable development principles. Our research examines the impact of NSAT on eco-neighborhoods' territorial integration. It analyses three case studies located in France, the United States and Brazil. Clichy Batignolles was developed in Paris and received the EcoQuartier label. Melrose Commons was built in New York and is LEED-ND certified. Ilha Pura is located in Rio de Janeiro, and is both LEED-ND and AQUA-HQE-A certified. Our study also briefly examines a fow1h case. Vinhomes Riverside was built in Hanoi, and received the Vietnam Green Architecture Award. However, our analysis could not be completed due to the Jack of access to essential data. From the data we do have, we extrapolate that there are discrepancies between the objectives set by the NSA T, those requested by the project's stakeholders leading to a given assessment, and finally the reality of the built econeighborhood. These discrepancies are more important when the NSA T has been exported. They are also measurable, and enlighten different levels of projects' territorial integration. Our research is based on the comparison of the cases. This comparison is following three steps: 1) analyzing the chosen NSA T 2) studying the eco-neighborhood performance score and 3) analyzing the built project. Our methodology is multidisciplinary and uses tools related to statistics, territorial engineering, geography, and architectural, urban and landscape analysis. We conclude that NSAT use various strategies related to the selection and measurement of indicators to integrate a neighborhood within a given territory. However, this integration is extremely variable. This is not only due to criteria and scale selection, but also to stakeholders who adapt their strategies to their territory. Finally, NSAT conceals urban complexities, and underestimates the diversity of contemporary eco-neighborhoods
Hamdi-Cherif, Hakimi Zohra. "L'urbanisme et l'architecture à Alger entre les deux guerres : aménagement, embellissement, extension et protection". Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082060.
Pełny tekst źródłaGirardin, Antonin. "(Re)produire la ville à l'heure néolibérale : à la recherche de la valeur urbaine : comparaison croisée de quatre anciens quartiers industriels Français (Caen, Le Havre) et Allemands (Leipzig, Dresde)". Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR074.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe past forty years have been deeply impacted by the triumph of the neoliberal doctrine on a global scale, as much on the political as on the economic level. Overall, the mechanisms of market deregulation and the reorganization of social compromises induced by this doctrine are well known. But urban geography is still struggling to identify and qualify their importance for the city's local production, particularly in France where the planning tradition and public institutions remain strong. Concomitant with the emergence of urban planning by project and with the dissemination, on a great diversity of local contexts, of generic urban models such as the “sustainable city” or the “creative city”, etc., neoliberalization raises the question of a radical transformation of the production system of the city as a whole. This transformation does not only affect planning policies, but it concerns more generally a significant portion of the standards and values which preside over the design, the representations and the appropriations of the contemporary city. In other words, it has an effect on principles which serve as a guide for evaluating and legitimizing urban policies and the class compromises that allow them. By analyzing and articulating these local transformations in four former industrial districts of medium-sized French and German cities which have undergone an intense process of urban renewal for almost thirty years, this work questions the processes of urban revaluation in areas that were nevertheless strongly devalued at the beginning of the 1990s. This review, which covers a long period of time (1990-2020), aims to show that this revaluation takes the form of a process of recapitalization of the urban space which articulates symbolic values and Market value, according to a precise cycle of subordination of the first to the second, which appears typical of the neoliberal destruction / creative process; and in which a new class compromise is cemented between the real estate bourgeoisie and fractions of the middle classes, strongly endowed with cultural capital
Rhessal, Atika. "Organisation de l'espace et pratiques spatiales à Khouribga (Maroc)". Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010582.
Pełny tekst źródłaManola, Théa. "Conditions et apports du paysage multisensoriel pour une approche sensible de l’urbain : mise à l’épreuve théorique, méthodologique et opérationnelle dans 3 quartiers dits durables : WGT (Amsterdam), Bo01, Augustenborg (Malmö)". Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1043.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn a context of growing interest about the sensoriality in urban space and an evolution in the landscape theory that proposes to overcome the divisions between the landscape on the one hand as a physical object and partly externalized and on the other hand as an internalized imaginary creation, the "multi-sensory landscape" remains to this day an unexplored field. As limited research has been conducted concerning the multi-sensory landscape directly, in spite of studies on other (mono)senscapes, this research aims to the understanding of the conditions and the specific contributions of the rensible (and located) human relations in the urban action through multi-sensory landscape. This thesis introduces the study of the landscape of three multisensory sustainable neighbourhoods in northern Europe (WGT in Amsterdam, Augustenborg and Bo01 in Malmö) throughout a methodological approach that consists of: an analysis (which includes a "documentary analysis", an urban and landscape “classic” analysis, a sensitive approach of the site); semi-structured interviews of steak holders involved in consulting, design, and / or management of those projects; and investigations along with inhabitants of the studied neighbourhoods, by open short interviews, multisensorial walk alones and "multi-sensory bags" (methods specifically established for the demands of the research ).Through a qualitative analysis, this thesis indicates that the multi-sensory landscape, by its spatial, social and sensory consistency, might prove to be a point of convergence for urban professionals and inhabitants. The prospect of such a mediation is enhanced by the fact that multisensoriality adresses not only the matter of sensory relations, but also discloses many other aspects and permits to emotions to be expressed. Regarding the sensory relations, this thesis shows that despite the primacy of sight, the presence of the other senses is not to be disregarded as they generate "qualitative" inputs (in terms of sensory markers relatively commons). The sensoriality of the so-called sustainable neighbourhoods as well as it's recognition are questioned as the landscape is one of the indicators of the perceived and experienced sustainability. When it comes to the landscape's versatility, it could serve as a way to theat subject of urban sustainable development not yet explored: aesthetic aspects of the sustainability ; (changes in) lifestyle and behaviors that accompany it (or not) ; initiating the involvement of inhabitants in the process of projects and management in their life areas. Finaly, the landscape can contribute to the sensible (re)consideration of urban sustainable development with a perspective more considerate of habitability than of eco-technical management of urban space. From a methodological point of view, the assessment of the methological approach and the multi-sensory bags, has shown that under certain circumstances, the inhabitant's sensible relations can be expressed and thus be considered in the processes and projects affecting the urban space. The maping of this thesis' results (applied on one of the three neighbourhoods), offers the opportunity for every member of the neighbourhood to be involved in the conceptualsation and realisation of a project and eventually allows a sensitive consideration of urban space to become reality
Rainaud, Anne. "Le droit des risques industriels : à la recherche d'une branche du droit". Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE0028.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe topic of this thesis is abut the happening of a law of industrial risks. In front of the intensity of these risks, for the man and the environment, a question has been asked : isn't there a law that regulate the risks of industrial activities, and stop the phenomenon of patchwork law> there was a synthesis todo, a dynamic one. Trough a studie of different types of regulations used in public and private law, an investigation about the environmental law has been do. But, mainly, we search after a law of industrial risks as an independant branche
Melki, Sandrine. "Être femme à Beyrouth : perspectives spatiales dans quatre quartiers de la ville". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL154.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn our research, we study a specific entry of disparities and social evolutions - one related to gender - in its effect on urban spatial dynamics in Lebanon. Our work is based on a case study of four different neighborhoods in Greater Beirut (Hamra, Sassine, Bourj Hammoud, Zalqa), while focusing on the role of women as users or producers in their experience of space and their implication in urban matter. Currently, radical changes in urban and social gender roles have affected space, in face of a previously stagnant reality. Despite these changes, inhabitants continue to live in an inherited model of urban planning, adapted to the old roles, but also in a social structure largely dominated by patriarchy. The approach of such subject is relatively new on a world scale, but especially for an Arab country like Lebanon
Pham, Thai Son. "Morphologie urbaine, dispositifs techniques et pratiques sociales : cas des quartiers de ruelles hanoiens". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00797324.
Pełny tekst źródłaCriqui, Laure. "Attention ! Travaux en cours : l’extension des réseaux de services essentiels dans les quartiers irréguliers de Delhi et Lima". Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1192/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe extension of electricity, water and sanitation networks in developing cities seems to be a priori complicated by the lack or the deficiencies of urban planning. The modalities of infrastructure deployment into the irregular settlements of Delhi and Lima are here analysed as sociotechnical mechanisms, indicative of the dynamics of the urban fabric. Indeed, on a daily basis, utility firms do install pipes and poles in unplanned settlements. Some technical, social and institutional innovations make the extension of networks possible; the lack of urban planning is therefore not an obstacle to service extension. Nonetheless, this process is not optimal: the conduct of public works is disordered, unpredictability hampers the elaboration of strategies and political injunctions can be contradictory. Such coordination deficits generate uncertainties which are more difficult to overcome for utility firms. There are nevertheless some promising leads for intervention in unplanned settlements: alternative devices for servicing exist that can be promoted; some informal plans and data satisfy the needs for knowledge on the city and would be well worth valuing; and the design and the preservation of the road layout appear to be decisive to allow a coherent, progressive and sustainable urban consolidation process. The analysis of network extension helps to identify key instruments for public action in developing cities, and thus offers new perspectives for urban planning to develop the existing city as well as to strategically prepare for the urbanisation yet to come
Milon, Jean. "Un outil de gestion du territoire, OEÏKOS : conceptualisation d’un instrument d’analyse et de gestion des espaces urbains et ruraux concourant au développement synergique de l’ensemble des niveaux de planification de l’aménagement du territoire". Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010017.
Pełny tekst źródłaAs we approach the year 2000, cities are becoming an ever growing economic stake. The city, as a social meeting place, has become an economic product which is, at the same time, strategic and cultural. The city planners are confronted with barriers constituted by government rules and laws. That is why, those concerned seem to lack the strategic material necessary to achieve their goal. Decentralization and the failure of our urban development plans have revived discussions. On how to use space. In this context, we must redefine the means of structuring urban and rural space, beginning with the district and ending with the whole region. In order to fill in this void, it has become absolutely necessary to conceive and create a means of economic an physical analysis which covers the ecological problems, linked with the management of urban an country space, and this in accordance with the supply and demand of land. That is why, to meet the requirements of an urban economy, we must requalify our urban concepts and abandon "zoning", we must also elaborate a network of urban and rural porperty and then, integrate physical and economic references which identify each bit of land and last but not least, take into account a threedimensional aspect of our space. This concept will make it necessary to rewrite some of the principles regarding the size of our cities, centered around an efficient and active life between the different communities, these again are based on variable indicators that release available space to be used by and assigned to neighbouring bits of land. All the elements that make up this system will be called OEÏKOS
Clerc, Valérie. "Les principes d'action de l'urbanisme, Le projet Élyssar face aux quartiers irréguliers de Beyrouth". Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00364982.
Pełny tekst źródłaHoareau, Sylvie. "De la perception de l'espace dans les quartiers à la prospective territoriale : analyse de l'urbanisation à la Réunion". Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0025/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaOn Reunion Island, cities have extended for 20 years. This extension promoted the urban sprawl. Now on this area, only 20 % of lands are building. So, a balanced development is actually promoted. But, can we base on the inhabitants' perception to manage to do this harmonious development? The district area seems to be relevant to deal with this subject. This scale represents the neighbourhood, a basic element of the town. By basing on a lot of soundings, we know the inhabitants expectations and the regulations which constrain the leaders. Four our territorial foresight exercise, we examine the trend of three relevant variables: population, economic activities, environment (buildings, agriculture and parks). This variables are controlled at the same time by the leaders and the users which picture them. To coclude, it is only by balancing these two visions that can achieve a more coherent developmet that give satisfaction to the developers as well as users
Catherin, Véronique. "La construction politique des conflits : la contestation du projet autoroutier Balbigny-Lyon (A 89)". Lyon 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO22006.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe contestation of the public policies are more and more frequent when they have some negative consequences on the people's everyday life. National politic of transports, specifically motorway infrastructure, don't escape of this situation, on the contrary. By opposing a public projet, the protesters question the legitimacy of the public action. They take part in public debate and political life. When the administration impose its projects without discussion and justification, the last solution for the citizens to be recognized as legitimate actors is to involve themselves in a conflict against the administration. The contestation of the motorway project "Balbigny-Lyon" constitute an interessant example for studying the conflictual relations between citizens and administration. Two dimensions of this conflict opposing the administration, the citizens and the elects is analysed : first, the cognitive dimension ; second, the strategy of the different protagonists. This analysis has two objectifs : to widen the theories of sociology of mobilization toward approaches of constructivism and interactionism which are not usefull in this scientific field ; to study a conflict in all of his dimension. In this second sense, this work is focused to the protagonist's social representations and to the elaboration of the opponent's tactics
Parsapajouh, Sepideh. "Humanisation de l’espace et solidarités dans deux quartiers populaires de Téhéran et de Paris". Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100123.
Pełny tekst źródłaBased on the methods of ethnographic observation and according to an emic approach, this study is meant to understand the humanization of space and the invention of the forms of solidarity through the tiny practices of the everyday life. This research started on the field of Islamâbâd, a self constructed community which was initially a shantytown, located in suburbs of Teheran, inhabited by a precarious population resulting from the rural migration. This is a whole study related to all of the aspects of the life of this community. Then the personal experience of the researcher led her to a new field: the Parisian community of Saint Blaise, marked by great public and social housing with an often immigrant population living of the social minimums. One of the questions was about the signification of the solidarity and appropriation of space in the actual situation of French capital. This research thus took the form of a comparative study of the everyday practices of interaction in two official and social systems as different as Iran and France. The results show that the uses of solidarity, particularly the relation “don/contre-don”, and the efforts of appropriation of space, are characteristic of these two societies in spite of all their obvious differences
Ogalama, Yabo Gabriel. "La pratique de l'urbanisme en Afrique Subsaharienne : bilan et perspective stratégique. L'exemple de la ville de Bangui (Centrafrique)". Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR1804/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaCities in Africa often grow in population develop at the rate of 5% yearly and sometimes go beyond 7%. When a city grows at the rate of 7% per year, its population doubles every ten years. This means that the capacities of infrastructures and equipments should be doubled. But developing countries do not have the financial capacities to stand it. As a result, there are many problems among which the degradation of equipments, the environment and precarious areas. How to plan such cities? After a study of large cities such as Abidjan, Lomé, Ouagadougou and their planning documents methods used, Bangui is chosen as the main site of the research. To plan is to articulate strategic stakes to local practices. This involves to link planning documents to other sectoral documents (for sewage, retail trade, transports…)
Pancrazio, Lionel. "Parcours résidentiel et transition urbaines à la durabilité : le nœud gordien des coûts de constructions dans le cas de l'immobilier durable. Ou des technologies numériques nécessaire à l'évolution de la chaine de valeur de l'immobilier vers la durabilité". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIML011.
Pełny tekst źródłaTitle: Human living and urban transitions to sustainability: the Gordian knot of construction costs in the case of sustainable real estate or Digital technologies necessary for the evolution of the real estate value chain towards sustainability.While environmental awareness could be widely understood and shared by as many people as possible, emissions of greenhouse gases, pollutants and waste continue to grow. Housing and transportation are the biggest contributors. Sustainable development tends to provide the foundation for a sustainable growth model of our planet, but today remains marginally integrated in strategies applied by people, organizations and policy makers.The fall in state resources is giving rise to the intervention of private groups in the fabric of the city. The production process by the segmentation of the interventions, the complexity, the asymmetry of information and skills and its underlying economic model makes complex the taking into account of a real durability, but a house has a real influence on our potential of becoming.Our living, its place, its form, are important vectors of equity in the sense of social justice and thus of a 'living together'. But sustainable development as practiced by the markets is rare and expensive. We have identified adjustment variables that can make the cost of housing accessible. An evolution of the real estate value chain can lead to a significant reduction in the cost of construction and the price to make housing affordable enough. Sustainability can help support demographics by adapting our lifestyles, while positively contributing to the development of individuals, businesses and institutions through the co-construction of (good) practices, particularly in investments that remain largely to be define
Adolphe, Michèle. "Réalités et efficacités de la "Trame Verte et Bleue" à la Réunion : le paysage comme outil de médiation pour analyser les représentations sociales des trames écologiques". Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0040.
Pełny tekst źródłaToday the green and blue belt network is a tool, which combines biodiversity and regional development policy and fully integrates territorial planning in national and overseas territories. Nevertheless, the implementation of this tool is confronted with other realities in the French overseas departments. That is the reason why this doctoral project aims to study the case of Reunion island as a forerunner in the transcribing of this spatial planning.Reunion island possesses mapping of regional ecological networks drawn up to accompany the local actors since 2014. However, only protected natural areas had been taken into account in regional projects while leaving behind ordinary nature areas. In order to understand this lack of acceptance, a sociological work was conducted to identify the political and social realities related to the green and blue belt network. If planning issue area to preserve the biodiversity is obvious for planning professionals, this tool is seen as a way to promote the development of the island for institutions. For the other users, the green and blue belt network keeps being pushed aside. However, to them biodiversity is closely tied to the daily lansdscape and they mainly perceive it through ecosystem services.A mapping plan of these results allowed to identify on the one hand areas of ecological interest holding a common social demand, and on the other hand areas excluded from this demand, which may undergo degradation. Therefore, it is now necessary to work on landscape perceptions so that ecological networks can remain functional
Jurad, Sandrine. "Traces et politiques urbaines actuelles dans les quartiers populaires hérités des années 1950 à Fort-de-France (Martinique)". Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100042.
Pełny tekst źródłaFounded in the XVIIth century, Fort de France has experienced a long process of geographical and morphological evolution. For the last 60 years on, local urban projects have been framed according to national housing and living policies. Wide-scale urban renewal projects have been decided and undertaken within the most popular districts of the city. As these urban evolutions were shaped by different factors, a series of case studies enabled to lead a detailed analysis of the transformations undergone by five conspicuous districts of the city, from a notion of “urban tracks” that we’ve needed to identify. As they are vestiges of social practices and landmarks for spatial identity, tracks araise questions about how they impact the implementation of local projects in accordance with national policies; and how they redefine ways of re-appropriation of space through all the actors involved – either ordinary or institutional ‒. Our study highlights two major logics of memory-making and reinvestment of tracks, the first being directive, the second more negotiated. The interest in such an investigation is to account for the stakes involved in the disappearance and the preservation of tracks within the framework of patrimony development, because these processes have contributed in defining the cultural identity, the value and the wealth of these districts. Our research will be led by these social, spatial and symbolic patterns
Lebel, Alexandre. "Une approche intégrée pour la définition d'unités de voisinage dans le contexte d'une étude sur les inégalités sociales de la santé dans la région de Québec". Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22503/22503.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaEymery, Céline. "Du texte à la carte : contribution de la géographie à la traduction spatiale de la loi Littoral : application en Bretagne". Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0104/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis proposes a contribution of geography to the spatial translation of the Coastal Law (Loi Littoral). For many years, the coast has become a space under pressure. Law No 86-2 of 3 January 1986 relating to coastal development, protection and enhancement was developed to regulate land uses on the seaside, thus allowing the development of a rational urbanisation while protecting natural areas. In order to regulate the usage of coastal areas, diverse in nature, this "framework law" was deliberately designed and written with imprecise notions (urban clusters, near-shore areas, gaps in urbanisation, etc.). This imprecision was and still is leading to problems of interpretation by different players (politicians, State services, private landowners, etc.). The spirit of the Coastal Law is to encourage the consideration of local specificities when interpreting the notions of this law and translating it into spatial planning documents. In this context, the question of the relevance of geography in the interpretation of the Coastal Law, including the spatial distribution of these notions, is therefore of interest.The assumption that the interpretation of the Coastal Law can be deepened by "legal geography" is thus formulated. The thesis seeks to demonstrate by theoretical and methodological approaches that geography, by means of spatial analysis and mapping, allows us to appreciate these notions on the basis of local conditions as well as the choices made to develop and preserve every land. Thus, the use of geographical criteria can guide stakeholders towards an interpretation in line with the reality of the territories. In this context, tools and methods for spatial information are used with the help of a geographic information system (GIS) to map the different criteria and test different thresholds. The demonstration, implemented on Breton coastal communities, highlights that the choice of criteria and thresholds is undeniably dependent of the territory's project
Shen, Xin. "L’aménagement durable, un enjeu pour la santé publique : la position de la France dans le monde". Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1039/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWhen we think about health, the first topic coming to mind is medical professionals, hospitals and clinics that treat the disease. We do not bind up urban planners together with public health concerns. But what if the planners are invited to contribute to preventive medicine? How to adopt urban plan strategies that lead to healthier lifestyles ? Since the combined actions of public health and urban planning fought against epidemics and improved living conditions in crowded cities of the late 19th century, the two disciplines have been both separated from each other. If medical profession and urban planners share similar tenets and strive towards the same goals, their methodological approaches are different. However, decades later, the two disciplines have to be reunited to address new epidemics such as chronic diseases (asthma, allergies), as well as cancers, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, diabetes and obesity, which seem related to pollution (air, water, soil) and physical inactivity. If sustainable development has focused on preserving the environment, it has neglected the challenges facing underprivileged population. The territorial inequality worsens in terms of public health. The growing trend of certification and standardization in sustainable development can be seen as an opportunity to promote public health resilience. Should collaborations between public health professionals and planners encourage the approximation of their strategies
Diodato, Federico. "Le sol productif : Au-delà de la « zone », vers des stratégies de reterritorialisation des sites d'activité". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2023. https://these.univ-paris-est.fr/intranet/2023/TH2023PESC2011.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaFor 70 years, planning tools for sites dedicated to productive activities (industrial estates, business parks, etc.) have produced zones that are disconnected from the specific physical and social characteristics of the area and have contributed to reducing the land to a mere production medium subject primarily to market logic. Today, one can see that these tools are no longer in line with their goal: the development of the territory. This thesis aims to consider an alternative approach, one that would enable us to envision planning tools capable of establishing a relationship that maintains and enhances territorial resources.Faced with the inadequacy of the planning of productive activities for a sustainable development of the territory, the thesis proposes to trace the genealogy of the 'territorialist' strategy that aims to establish a synergistic relationship between production and territorial resources. The hypothesis is that, by taking into account the inseparable link between social and environmental challenges, this 'Eutopic' approach of a return to the territory allows, on the one hand, to establish once again a relationship with natural resources and respect their ecological cycles and rhythms, and, on the other, to identify paths to respond to the social crisis.Following a critical introduction on the relationship that productive activities establish with the territory, the reasoning develops in four parts: The first three parts follow a genealogical approach and show how the concepts of this approach have evolved and been transformed by adapting to different contexts, and answer the question of how and why these theoretical transfers came about. Finally, the fourth part of the thesis traces the influence and original development of this approach in France today, looking forward: the aim of this last part is to open up strategies for envisioning a productive system capable of developing the territory in the long run
Zeidan, Nina. "Un instrument de la planification traditionnelle urbaine et durable : le 'Hawch' hérité dans le paysage méditerranéen : le cas de Beyrouth". Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENH022.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe "Hawch" is an inherited element in Beirut urban planning. It is a dense grouping of traditional habitat, surrounded by an enclosure wall and accessible from a "Zoukak" –a narrow service street-. It contains in its interior a community life identical to that of Lebanese society around a structuring green space. By its peripheral location to Beirut's Downtown that's being rebuilt, the “Hawch” is subject to stress conditions. The first is an external pressure: first, in an economic order that is due to land and property speculation, the second in terms of urban densification and sprawl. The second is an internal tension coming first by the community fallback presented by its inner society facing Beirut's trend towards individualization and Westernization and secondly the "competence of the owner" to modify the space at the expense of the "Hawch"'s ecological microclimate balance. The "Hawch" comes as a response to the discourse on today's urban policy. Three intrinsic components: social, spatial and environmental landscape corresponding to the three sustainable development pillars meet the challenges of the modern city of Beirut. The potentialities of living together in the social dimension, urban spatial ecology of the spatial dimension and the environmental dimension microclimate as landscape predisposes it to persist in the contemporary city of Beirut as "Hawch" Revisited that we call the "Neo-Hawch "
Mahfoud, Ali. "L'experimentation architecturale des gares en Europe : interaction entre image, usage et technique". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG036.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe railway station is a hinge between the techniques related to transport and the places it serves. Today, it benefits from its image to mark new symbols in the city while ensuring the quality and originality of its spaces to adapt to changing lifestyles, temporalities and urban mobility. European cities are again perceived from their train station. Given their size and spatial organization, as well as the complexity of the relationships they establish with the surrounding neighborhoods, today's European railway stations are to be considered as places with high experimental potential which reflect the time technical advances and their translation into spaces of quality.This study is centered around the question of "Europe of high speed" and innovative and interesting examples of new buildings that symbolize it. lt aims to understand the most innovative programs in terms of interaction between technique, image and use. What are the lessons of their history and how are the stations integrated in their urban contexts ? And also what architectural techniques and programs couId be most suitable for the next evolution of transport for countries that have not yet invested in rail networks ?
Baffico, Stéphanie. "Green Politics et aménagement urbain durable à Baltimore : la racialisation du développement durable au coeur du traitement des ghettos". Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0039.
Pełny tekst źródłaBaltimore is part of the big American metropolises committed in a race for sustainable development. Traditionally a democratic stronghold, with a majority of city dwellers who are poor Afro-Americans, and harshly battered by the industrial crisis and the economic recession, Baltimore City is the perfect laboratory for urban planning projects experimenting sustainable development. Furthermore, with regard to its economic and demographic characteristics and the importance of segregation in the city, the social dimension of sustainable development and the issue of environmental justice are at stake. Since 2000, the Mayor and the City Council initiated two ambitious projects integrating the various aspects of sustainable development (« sustainability », « livability » and « smart growth »), which are all belonging to « green politics ». These efforts are focused on East Baltimore and West Baltimore, two huge ghettos surrounding the financial district in the downtown area. The core of our analysis concerns two projects of green politics (the rehabilitation of a part of the East Baltimore ghetto through the Grand Piano; the Red Line, a train connecting the ghettos, some industrial wastelands and the Central Business District). Through these examples, we will put under study the types of urban governance and urban regimes at work, and the role played by the different stakeholders (« anchor institutions », philanthropic foundations, public actors and neighborhood associations). New forms of citizenship may appear with unheard modes of participation to sustainable urban planning. Sustainable development may be an opportunity to improve the living conditions in the ghetto and fight against poverty and social and environmental injustices. The seamy side of the story may be a racialization of sustainable development nourishing gentrification, creating new forms of segregation and bringing about the death of the ghettos
Delage, Aurelie. "La gare, assurance métropolitaine de la ville post-industrielle. : Le retournement de valeur dans les projets urbains de quartiers de gare, à Saint-Étienne Châteaucreux et Liège Guillemins (Belgique)". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20016.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe railway station areas of the 19th Century were a reflection of the Industrial revolution. Following a period of decay after the Second World War, the urban renewal of these areas is now one of the main concerns of local governments in European cities. In addition to a new railway station served by high speed trains, these urban projects are often based on functional diversity, including a business district.This thesis addresses the reversal of urban value in these specific urban areas, exploring how they have moved from repelling to attractive places. How do public and private actors interact, when the former cannot act alone in places constrained by physical barriers due to a lack of funding, and the latter are not inclined to invest in what they consider to be risky places?Our approach is both inductive and qualitative. The comparison of two projects in French and Belgian shrinking cities (Saint-Etienne, near Lyons, and Liège, near Brussels) allows us to understand what the levers for action are, and conversely what the bottlenecks are that slow down the implementation of the urban project around the station.As the result of our analysis, the railway station appears to be a positive and necessary factor for the reversal of urban value in these areas. It is a kind of insurance – in the same way as metropolitan areas create potentiality in the productive economy – both for public actors, as the railway station facilitates their mobilisation, and private ones, especially property developers, who are key elements in the relationship between public action and private investment
Jégou, Anne. "Territoires, acteurs, enjeux des dynamiques de durabilité urbaine : le cas de la métropole parisienne". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00681586.
Pełny tekst źródłaColomb, Maxime. "Simulation de formes réalistes de développement résidentiel, de l’échelle du bâtiment à celle de l’ensemble d’une région urbaine". Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2070.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe process of urban sprawl of urban agglomerations is very often criticised for numerous reasons.The dynamics of residential developments, at the origin of urban sprawl, are very complex and result from the interaction of several phenomena. Many laws and regulations are supposed to control the construction of buildings in order to limit the negative impacts of urbanisation.It is nevertheless difficult to anticipate the effects of such a regulatory corpus. Its multi-scale nature, related to the different levels of regulation, the different regulated subjects and the different parties executing those regulations complicate the forecasting of their effects and the spatial configurations they contribute to create. Here, we propose a simulation model for the residential development of an urban agglomeration. It produces realistic configurations respecting the orientations, goals and constraints stemming from urban planning documents. To that end, we elaborate a coupling of two existing spatial simulation models. This coupling, named ArtiScales, follows a top-down approach in simulating the shape of the residential development of an entire study area by selecting the constructible parcels and by simulating the construction potential of each plot. ArtiScales integrates the MUP-City model, that allows us to select interesting locations with respect to the built configuration of the study area and to several points of interest (transportation networks, shopping facilities, services, etc.). We develop a parcel management model in order to select the existing parcels interesting for residential development and to recompose them when needed according to the chosen scenarios and to specific situations (densification, special operations). Finally, we use the SimPLU3D model to simulate the constructibility of each parcel. This model generates spatial configurations, in three dimensions, respecting the regulatory constraints originating from the local urban planning scheme (Plan Local de l’Urbanisme - PLU). We concentrate the analysis of the coupling results on the estimation of created housing units and its agreement with the goals defined by the local housing program (Programme Local de l’Habitat - PLH) and on the housing density by hectare and its agreement with the goals defined by the territorial coherence scheme (Schéma de Cohérence Territoriale - SCoT). Spatial simulation models are subject to an important variability that questions the reliability of simulation results. MUP-City being particularly subject to such variability, we conduct a complete analysis of its simulation results in order to caracterise the parameters responsible for this variability and how it translates to the produced spatial configurations. We distinguish two types of variations : the ones caused by scenaristic parameters, allowing to simulate different residential development forms, and those caused by technical parameters (internal to the model), allowing to propose variants of the scenarios. The variability between the variants is compared with the variability found in the study of MUP-City results in order to see if the model coupling absorbs or amplifies it. The ArtiScales model (https://github.com/ArtiScales/ArtiScales) is available as free and open source software and can be used in many applications. A set of simulations representing different scenarios has been explored on the Grand Besançon territory (East of France). Simulations carried out represent a potential for residential development conforming to all the regulations at work. We also propose simulations that modify the zoning authorising the construction or not
Lazo, Alejandra. "Entre le territoire de proximité et la mobilité quotidienne : les ancrages et le territoire de proximité comme support et ressource pour les pratiques de mobilité des habitants de la ville de Santiago du Chili". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00711072.
Pełny tekst źródłaAugust, Zoé. "Ville durable : des concepts aux réalisations, les coulisses d’une fabrique urbaine : Marseille ou l’exemple d’une ville méditerranéenne". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1123/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWhilst there seems to be a consensus on the feasibility of applying sustainability thinking to town and city development, our research contributes to the critical understanding of the notion of a sustainable city within the field of urban planning. We will begin with a study of the modalities of the emergence of this term, combining it with an analysis of the ways in which the notion is used in professional and scientific literature. Following on from the correspondence drawn between "méditerranéité" and complex thinking (MORIN 1999), our approach will then be embodied in the heart of a Mediterranean city : Marseille. Considering the mental pictures conjured up by the notion of sustainable city, we thus analyse the ways in which the elements of meaning previously highlighted are being used or not, interpreted, or even diverted, and how they influence decisions and actions. As the object of our work is the relationship between these and their material, socio-spatial and experiential impact, we then go on to conduct a sensitive exploration using observations and stories told by local residents within a sector in which actualisation principles are relating to the idea of sustainable city. This research shows, in the end, how the notion of sustainable city, which is exogenous to the domain of urban planning, does not offer a sufficiently emancipating or robust framework to allow the development of new “knowledge and know-how” or to outweigh the constraints and forceful trends that hinder the development of the town. This leads us to propose an "ecological" approach to explore what and whose contributions urban sustainability or rather sustainabilities might be built upon
Banzo, Mayté. "L'espace ouvert pour une nouvelle urbanité". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00618968.
Pełny tekst źródłaDelfy, Aladin. "paramètres et dispositifs dans la construction de l'habitat durable : le cas de l'écoquartier de Bonne à Grenoble". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG042.
Pełny tekst źródłaOur research addresses the general issue of urban development and how to design sustainable cities through architecture and town planning. Our analysis focused on a study of caserne de Bonne, an ecodistrict located in Grenoble, which is an emblematic city from an ecological viewpoint. Our task was to significantly reduce CO2 gas emissions, limit the greenhouse effect, and preserve biodiversity. We developed our hypothesis to devise satisfactory solutions to fight pollution, reduce the use of fossil fuels, and create innovative ways to employ renewable energy. Our program will start locally, then expand on a regional and national level. We observed that in residential districts, remedies such as reducing transportation generated pollution, conserving energy, treating household waste, and other parameters,can be scaled up and implemented regionally and nationally. As architect and urban planner, we wanted to contribute to this field by providing an analysis of Bonne ecodistrict
Delfy, Aladin. "paramètres et dispositifs dans la construction de l'habitat durable : le cas de l'écoquartier de Bonne à Grenoble". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG042.
Pełny tekst źródłaOur research addresses the general issue of urban development and how to design sustainable cities through architecture and town planning. Our analysis focused on a study of caserne de Bonne, an ecodistrict located in Grenoble, which is an emblematic city from an ecological viewpoint. Our task was to significantly reduce CO2 gas emissions, limit the greenhouse effect, and preserve biodiversity. We developed our hypothesis to devise satisfactory solutions to fight pollution, reduce the use of fossil fuels, and create innovative ways to employ renewable energy. Our program will start locally, then expand on a regional and national level. We observed that in residential districts, remedies such as reducing transportation generated pollution, conserving energy, treating household waste, and other parameters,can be scaled up and implemented regionally and nationally. As architect and urban planner, we wanted to contribute to this field by providing an analysis of Bonne ecodistrict
Diop, Lanciné. "La production de l’espace résidentiel dans l’aire métropolitaine transfrontalière de Luxembourg". Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100127.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuring the past two decades, Luxembourg has emerged as a small, yet highly specialized metropolis with an expanding cross-border functional area. The economic growth has resulted in increasing migration to Luxembourg and a growing pressure on the housing market. According to the literature, the urban processes in metropolitan regions tend to go hand in hand with socio-spatial inequalities. Previous research has, however, paid less attention to cross-border cities. This observation gives rise to the following question: How does the Luxembourg real estate market contend with its unique cross-border context and what are the socioeconomic effects on the residential space? First, we investigate the comparative advantages of urban land regulations and housing price differentials between the four countries. Second, we conduct a survey on the residential choices on each side of the border. Finally, we analyse cross-border residential mobility of workers using discrete choice models and Luxembourg administrative data. Our analysis shows growing socio-spatial inequalities as a result of the economic development of Luxembourg and the related increase in housing prices. The high housing prices function as a barrier for many to live in Luxembourg. This contributes to a more socially polarized space and an extension of the functional area of Luxembourg beyond the border. However, this extension is somewhat limited and influenced by other residential advantages of living in Luxembourg. Finally, even though the EU integration signifies a declining impact of the border as a barrier, the metropolitanization process in this case reinforces the effect of the border as instrument of socio-spatial differentiation
Barles, Sabine. "La pédosphère urbaine : le sol de Paris XVIIIe-XXe siècles". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523028.
Pełny tekst źródłaFoury, Nazim Fouad. "L'effectivité des instruments de protection et d'aménagement du littoral méditerranéen : cas de l'Algérie". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0220.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Algerian coastline is characterized by rich natural resources which offer important economic potential. Nonetheless, this part of the country finds itself victim of its own success and have to face a multitude of problems, especially the over-exploitation of its resources which have been amplified by a massive urbanization that is accelerated more and more, but also by pollution and a deterioration of the coastal areas. Moreover, and to best answer the numerous incoherencies that result from these multiple problems that hit the Algerian coastline, the state has to take necessary measures to find a right balance between the use of this space and its preservation. The thorough analysis of the institutional and legal framework put in place by the Algerian public authorities, proves the existence of a real inadequacy in terms of coastal governance, as well as incomplete judicial texts with regards to coastal preservation and development. The primary challenge of the government is to redress these shortcomings, by putting in place an integrated and global management policy of the coast that will allow a balanced and sustained development of this space
Boutemedjet, Anissa. "Imagerie et quartier, entre pratiques des populations et action publique : le cas de la ville d'Annaba en Algérie". Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR1501.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe efficiency of the representations to work in the dynamic socio-space ones and their crystallization through a strong imagery constitute with our direction a fertile object of research to understand the urban fact. Our reflection relates to the imagery of two districts to Annaba, Kouba and the Allemands, respectively representative of the collective units carried out within the framework of the Plan of Constantine in 1958 and the ZHUN in the years 1980. Identity constructions which are attached there are largely related to the urban history and in the conditions of their settlement, the first shelters mainly executives, technicians, the second reflects a kind of space proximity between the same type of population and the disaster victim coming from the slums and medina. Thus, we consider that to seize the contrasted imagery characterizing these spaces, would give access logics the base, as well of the urban actions initiated by the authorities, as modes of appropriation of the populations of these districts through their residential route, their mobilities, their uses, their social interactions and their relations at the city
Dournel, Sylvain. "L'eau, miroir de la ville : contribution à l'étude de la requalification urbaine des milieux fluviaux et humides (Bassin parisien, Amiens, Orléans)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ORLE1128.
Pełny tekst źródłaMany agglomerations are engaged in sustainable urban policies, focusing on lifestyle, development of green space, social melting-pot and local identity. With these objectives in mind urban areas, originally built beside water, find ready-made sites in their catchment area rivers and wetlands to apply and experiment large projects. These will be studied under the name of “urban requalification”. The diversity in policy approach, evident amongst the greater metropolitan area of Paris, shows variability in the concrete manifestations and end results.The recent re-discovery of waterways in the city comes after many years of planners turning their back on it. Therefore a geohistorical approach to the links between the city and it’s wetlands is required. This will allow the urban requalification process to be integrated into a perennial heritage strategy which prioritises a focus on landscape. This study, of Amiens and Orleans situation, highlights the singular configuration between the landscaping of the wetland and the history of urban centres.The interaction between the different actors, essentially within the public sector sphere, engaged in urban requalification of wetlands will be examined. In fact, the specificity of wetlands functions obliges a reassessment of the tools and procedures of urban management as well as the various modes of governance. Consequently the place of water in urban strategy needs to be defined, the translation onsite described and the attractiveness potential through communication campaigns and public events outlined