Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Quantitative traits

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Quantitative traits”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 6 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Quantitative traits"

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Yamamichi, Masato, i Stephen P. Ellner. "Antagonistic coevolution between quantitative and Mendelian traits". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, nr 1827 (30.03.2016): 20152926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.2926.

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Coevolution is relentlessly creating and maintaining biodiversity and therefore has been a central topic in evolutionary biology. Previous theoretical studies have mostly considered coevolution between genetically symmetric traits (i.e. coevolution between two continuous quantitative traits or two discrete Mendelian traits). However, recent empirical evidence indicates that coevolution can occur between genetically asymmetric traits (e.g. between quantitative and Mendelian traits). We examine consequences of antagonistic coevolution mediated by a quantitative predator trait and a Mendelian prey trait, such that predation is more intense with decreased phenotypic distance between their traits (phenotype matching). This antagonistic coevolution produces a complex pattern of bifurcations with bistability (initial state dependence) in a two-dimensional model for trait coevolution. Furthermore, with eco-evolutionary dynamics (so that the trait evolution affects predator–prey population dynamics), we find that coevolution can cause rich dynamics including anti-phase cycles, in-phase cycles, chaotic dynamics and deterministic predator extinction. Predator extinction is more likely to occur when the prey trait exhibits complete dominance rather than semidominance and when the predator trait evolves very rapidly. Our study illustrates how recognizing the genetic architectures of interacting ecological traits can be essential for understanding the population and evolutionary dynamics of coevolving species.
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Flint, Jonathan. "Mapping quantitative traits and strategies to find quantitative trait genes". Methods 53, nr 2 (luty 2011): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymeth.2010.07.007.

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Peters, Luanne L., Amy J. Lambert, Weidong Zhang, Gary A. Churchill, Carlo Brugnara i Orah S. Platt. "Quantitative trait loci for baseline erythroid traits". Mammalian Genome 17, nr 4 (kwiecień 2006): 298–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00335-005-0147-3.

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Korol, Abraham B., Yefim I. Ronin, Alexander M. Itskovich, Junhua Peng i Eviatar Nevo. "Enhanced Efficiency of Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping Analysis Based on Multivariate Complexes of Quantitative Traits". Genetics 157, nr 4 (1.04.2001): 1789–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/157.4.1789.

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AbstractAn approach to increase the efficiency of mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) was proposed earlier by the authors on the basis of bivariate analysis of correlated traits. The power of QTL detection using the log-likelihood ratio (LOD scores) grows proportionally to the broad sense heritability. We found that this relationship holds also for correlated traits, so that an increased bivariate heritability implicates a higher LOD score, higher detection power, and better mapping resolution. However, the increased number of parameters to be estimated complicates the application of this approach when a large number of traits are considered simultaneously. Here we present a multivariate generalization of our previous two-trait QTL analysis. The proposed multivariate analogue of QTL contribution to the broad-sense heritability based on interval-specific calculation of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the residual covariance matrix allows prediction of the expected QTL detection power and mapping resolution for any subset of the initial multivariate trait complex. Permutation technique allows chromosome-wise testing of significance for the whole trait complex and the significance of the contribution of individual traits owing to: (a) their correlation with other traits, (b) dependence on the chromosome in question, and (c) both a and b. An example of application of the proposed method on a real data set of 11 traits from an experiment performed on an F2/F3 mapping population of tetraploid wheat (Triticum durum × T. dicoccoides) is provided.
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Berke, T. G., i T. R. Rocheford. "Quantitative Trait Loci for Tassel Traits in Maize". Crop Science 39, nr 5 (wrzesień 1999): 1439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1999.3951439x.

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Banerjee, Samprit, Brian S. Yandell i Nengjun Yi. "Bayesian Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping for Multiple Traits". Genetics 179, nr 4 (sierpień 2008): 2275–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.108.088427.

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Yi, Nengjun, Shizhong Xu, Varghese George i David B. Allison. "Mapping Multiple Quantitative Trait Loci for Ordinal Traits". Behavior Genetics 34, nr 1 (styczeń 2004): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:bege.0000009473.43185.43.

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Xu, C., X. He i S. Xu. "Mapping quantitative trait loci underlying triploid endosperm traits". Heredity 90, nr 3 (marzec 2003): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.hdy.6800217.

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Buitenhuis, A. J., T. B. Rodenburg, M. Siwek, S. J. B. Cornelissen, M. G. B. Nieuwland, R. P. M. A. Crooijmans, M. A. M. Groenen, P. Koene, H. Bovenhuis i J. J. van der Poel. "Quantitative trait loci for behavioural traits in chickens". Livestock Production Science 93, nr 1 (kwiecień 2005): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livprodsci.2004.11.010.

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Hanson, Robert L., i William C. Knowler. "Quantitative trait linkage studies of diabetes-related traits". Current Diabetes Reports 3, nr 2 (marzec 2003): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11892-003-0042-9.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Quantitative traits"

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Raska, Paola. "Co-morbidities as quantitative traits". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1275586082.

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Polineni, Pavana. "Developing a web accessible integrated database and visualization tool for bovine quantitative trait loci". Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2449.

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A quantitative trait locus (QTL) is the location of a gene that affects a trait that is measured on a quantitative (linear) scale. Many important agricultural traits such as weight gain, milk fat content and intramuscular fat in cattle are quantitative traits. There is a need to integrate genomic sequence data with QTL data and to develop an analytical tool to visualize the data. Without integration, application of this data to agricultural enterprise productivity will be slow and inefficient. My thesis presents a web-accessible tool called the Bovine QTL Viewer developed to solve this problem. It consists of an integrated database of bovine QTL and the QTL viewer to view the QTL and their relative chromosomal position. This tool generates dynamic and interactive images and supports research in the field of genomics. For this tool, the data is modeled and the QTL viewer is developed based on the requirements and feedback of experts in the field of bovine genomics.
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Somorjai, Ildikó M. L. "Quantitative trait loci for fitness traits in Arctic charr, conservation in rainbow trout and correlations among traits". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61949.pdf.

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Podisi, Baitsi Kingsley. "Quantitative trait loci mapping of sexual maturity traits applied to chicken breeding". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5561.

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Many phenotypes are controlled by factors which include the genes, the environment, interactions between genes and interaction between the genotypes and the environment. Great strides have been made to understand how these various factors affect traits of agricultural, medical and environmental importance. The chicken is regarded as a model organism whose study would not only assist efforts towards increased agricultural productivity but also provide insight into the genetic determination of traits with potential application in understanding human health and disease. Detection of genomic regions or loci responsible for controlling quantitative traits (QTL) in poultry has focussed mainly on growth and production traits with limited information on reproductive traits. Most of the reported results have used additive-dominance models which are easy to implement because they ignore epistatic gene action despite indications that it may be important for traits with low heritability and high heterosis. The thesis presents results on the detection of loci and genetic mechanisms involved in sexual maturity traits through modelling both additive-dominance gene actions and epistasis. The study was conducted on an F2 broiler x White Leghorn layer cross for QTL detection for age, weight, abdominal fat, ovary weight, oviduct weight, comb weight, number of ovarian yellow follicles, a score for the persistence of the right oviduct and bone density. In addition, body weight QTL at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 weeks of age, QTL for growth rate between the successive ages and QTL for the parameters of the growth curve were also detected. Most of the QTL for traits at sexual maturity acted additively. A few of the QTL explained a modest proportion of the phenotypic variation with most of the QTL explaining a small component of the cumulative proportion of the variation explained by the QTL. Body weight QTL were critical in determining the attainment of puberty. The broiler allele had positive effects on weight at first egg and negative effects on age at first egg. Most QTL affecting weight at first egg overlapped with QTL for age at first egg and for early growth rate (6-9 weeks) suggesting that growth rate QTL are intimately related to the onset of puberty. Specific QTL for early and adult growth were detected but most QTL had varying influence on growth throughout life. Chromosome 4 harboured most of QTL for the assessed traits which explained the highest proportion of the phenotypic variation in the traits confirming its critical role in influencing traits of economic importance. There was no evidence for epistasis for almost all the studied traits. Evidence for role of epistasis was significant for ovary weight and suggestive for both growth rate and abdominal fat.
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Lu, Yue. "Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci for slow-rusting traits in wheat". Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32179.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Agronomy
Guihua Bai
Allan K. Fritz
Wheat leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is an important fungal disease worldwide. Growing resistant cultivars is an effective practice to reduce the losses caused by the disease, and using slow-rusting resistance genes can improve the durability of rust resistance in the cultivars. CI13227 is a winter wheat line that shows a high level of slow-rusting resistance to leaf rust and has been studied extensively. In this research, two recombinant inbreed line (RIL) populations derived from CI13227 x Suwon (104 RILs) and CI13227 x Everest (184 RILs) and one doubled haploid (DH) population derived from CI13227 x Lakin with 181 lines were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for slow leaf rusting resistance. Each population and its parents were evaluated for slow-rusting traits in two greenhouse experiments. A selected set of 384 simple sequence repeat markers (SSRs), single nucleotide polymorphism markers (SNPs) derived from genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS-SNPs) or 90K-SNP chip (90K-SNPs) were analyzed in the three populations. Six QTLs for slow-rusting resistance, QLr.hwwgru-2DS, QLr.hwwgru-7BL, QLr.hwwgru-7AL, QLr.hwwgru-3B_1, QLr.hwwgru-3B_2, and QLr.hwwgru-1D were detected in the three populations with three stable QTLs, QLr.hwwgru-2DS, QLr.hwwgru-7BL and QLr.hwwgru-7AL. These were detected and validated by Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers converted from GBS-SNPs and 90K-SNPs in at least two populations. Another three QTLs were detected only in a single population, and either showed a minor effect or came from the susceptible parents. The KASP markers tightly linked to QLr.hwwgru-2DS (IWB34642, IWB8545 and GBS_snpj2228), QLr.hwwgru-7BL (GBS_snp1637 and IWB24039) and QLr.hwwgru-7AL (IWB73053 and IWB42182) are ready to be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS) to transfer these QTLs into wheat varieties to improve slow-rusting resistance in wheat.
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Clevinger, Elizabeth. "Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci for Soybean Quality Traits from Two Different Sources". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33468.

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Soybeans are economically and agriculturally the most important legume in the world, providing protein and oil to the food and animal feed industries and base ingredients for hundreds of chemical products. Their value could be enhanced, however, if the oil and protein content remained high and the oligosaccharide and phytate contents were lowered to make soybeans more acceptable for human and animal consumption. A soybean population of 55 families segregating for genes controlling quality traits was chosen for this study. Both parental lines have high sucrose and low stachyose. The former contains a high level of phytate while the latter is low phytate. The objective of this experiment was to determine whether or not both parents had the same gene(s) for low stachyose. An additional objective was to determine quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling quality traits: sucrose, stachyose and phytate. An acetonitrile precipitation method and a modified colorimetric method were used to determine amounts of sugars and phytate, respectively. The phenotypic data for stachyose was analyzed and it was determined that two recessive genes control low stachyose content in this population. A map was constructed using 141 SSR markers and 15 molecular linkage groups (MLGs) were identified. After analyzing trait and marker data in QTL Cartographer, potential QTL were found on MLGs: B1, C2, D1b, F, M and N. Sucrose and stachyose QTL were identified on B1, C2, M and N. Phytate QTL were observed on B1, D1b, F and N. The markers identified for quality traits in this population may be useful in marker-assisted selection and the germplasm should be useful for the development of a cultivar.
Master of Science
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Randall, Joshua Charles. "Large-scale genetic analysis of quantitative traits". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:addfb69d-602c-43e3-ab18-6e6d3b269076.

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Recent advances in genotyping technology coupled with an improved understanding of the architecture of linkage disequilibrium across the human genome have resulted in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) becoming a useful and widely applied tool for discovering common genetic variants associated with both quantitative traits and disease risk. After each GWAS was completed, it left behind a set of genotypes and phenotypes, often including anthropometric measures used as covariates. Genetic associations with anthropometric measures are not well characterized, perhaps due to lack of power to detect them in the sample sizes of individual studies. To improve power to detect variants associated with complex phenotypes such as anthropometric traits, data from multiple GWAS can be combined. This thesis describes the methods and results of several such analyses performed as part of the Genome-wide Investigation of ANThropemtric measures (GIANT) consortium, and compares various different methods that can be used to perform combined analyses of GWAS. In particular, the comparisons focus on comparing differences between meta-analysis methods, in which only summary statistics that result from within-study association testing are shared between studies, and mega-analysis methods in which individual-level genotype and phenotype data is analysed together. Finally, a brief discussion of technological means that have the potential to help overcome some of the challenges associated with performing mega-analyses is offered in order to suggest future work that could be undertaken in this area.
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Shimomura, Koichiro. "Quantitative trait locus analysis of agronomic traits in weedy cucumber lines for breeding". Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263362.

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Scherff, Aline D. "Adolescent autistic traits and internalising traits : quantitative genetic investigations of co-occurrence patterns". Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2014. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/78/.

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Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterised by social-communication difficulties and non-social symptoms such as restricted and repetitive behaviours and interests. ASD characteristics can be investigated at the subclinical trait level within the general population, and these quantitative autistic traits have been shown to have a smooth distribution. Adolescence is an important developmental stage, particularly for the emergence of internalising problems. However, few studies to date have investigated the causes of co-occurring autistic traits and internalising traits during adolescence. The aim of this thesis is to explore the aetiological causes of this trait association between the ages of 12 to 16 years using a quantitative genetic approach. This thesis employs a classic twin design and the sample came from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS). The causes of the association between autistic and internalising traits in early adolescence are the first focus of this thesis. The analyses in Chapter 4 explore this aetiological association at ages 12-14 years, revealing a moderate phenotypic trait association and at the aetiological level moderate genetic overlap, substantial shared environmental and modest nonshared environmental overlap. Teasing apart these associations further, Chapter 5 identifies specific autistic-like behaviours by means of factor analysis. Relating these factor-derived autistic trait subdomains to the internalising trait measure demonstrated distinguishable patterns of phenotypic and aetiological associations. A factor named autistic-like ‘Social Unease’ showed the most phenotypic and genetic overlap with internalising traits. Secondly, this thesis investigates in Chapter 6 the role of childhood nonshared environment on internalising and autistic traits in early adolescence using the monozygotic twin differences design. Analyses showed that birth weight, childhood hyperactivity and peer problems played a role, via the nonshared environment, in influencing individual differences in internalising and autistic traits in early adolescence. Finally, Chapter 7 presents findings on later adolescence, at age 16 years, exploring the association of autistic traits with anxiety traits and depression traits separately and drawing on both parent and self ratings. The implications of these findings, their limitations and their contribution to the current literature are considered in the Discussion (Chapter 8).
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Loredo-Osti, J. Concepción. "Analysis of quantitative traits, segregation and conditional linkage". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0015/NQ49278.pdf.

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Książki na temat "Quantitative traits"

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1957-, Walsh Bruce, red. Genetics and analysis of quantitative traits. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer, 1998.

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Kearsey, Michael J., i Harpal S. Pooni. The Genetical Analysis of Quantitative Traits. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-4441-2.

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Bernardo, Rex Novero. Breeding for quantitative traits in plants. Wyd. 2. Woodbury, Minn: Stemma Press, 2010.

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Breeding for quantitative traits in plants. Woodbury, Minn: Stemma Press, 2002.

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S, Pooni Harpal, red. Th e genetical analysis of quantitative traits. Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes, 1998.

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Salinas-Garcia, Gilberto Eduardo. Mapping quantitative trait loci controlling agronomic traits in Brassica napus L. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1996.

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Sokolović, Dejan, Christian Huyghe i Jasmina Radović, red. Quantitative Traits Breeding for Multifunctional Grasslands and Turf. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9044-4.

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Simons, Yuval Benjamin. Population Genetics of Mutation Load and Quantitative Traits in Humans. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2019.

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Phillimon-Banda, Mackson Henrie. Quantitative studies of production traits in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1999.

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1955-, Saxton Arnold Myron, i SAS Institute, red. Genetic analysis of complex traits using SAS. Cary, N.C: SAS Institute, 2004.

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Części książek na temat "Quantitative traits"

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Haasl, Ryan. "Quantitative Traits". W Nature in Silico, 267–301. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97381-0_9.

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Guénet, Jean-Louis, Fernando Benavides, Jean-Jacques Panthier i Xavier Montagutelli. "Quantitative Traits and Quantitative Genetics". W Genetics of the Mouse, 361–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44287-6_10.

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Xu, Shizhong. "Genetic Effects of Quantitative Traits". W Quantitative Genetics, 63–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83940-6_5.

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Xu, Shizhong. "Multiple Traits and Genetic Correlation". W Quantitative Genetics, 215–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83940-6_13.

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Xu, Shizhong. "Genetic Variances of Quantitative Traits". W Quantitative Genetics, 77–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83940-6_6.

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da Silva, Felipe Lopes, Marcos Deon Vilela de Resende, Willian Hytalo Ludke i Thays Vieira Bueno. "Quantitative Traits in Breeding". W Soybean Breeding, 81–112. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57433-2_6.

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Amos, Christopher I., Bo Peng, Yaji Xu i Jianzhong Ma. "Linkage Analysis of Quantitative Traits". W Handbook on Analyzing Human Genetic Data, 119–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69264-5_4.

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Sewell, Mitchell M., i David B. Neale. "Mapping Quantitative Traits in Forest Trees". W Molecular Biology of Woody Plants, 407–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2311-4_17.

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Mackay, Trudy F. C. "Epistasis for Quantitative Traits in Drosophila". W Methods in Molecular Biology, 47–70. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2155-3_4.

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Nichols, Krista M., Paul A. Wheeler i Gary H. Thorgaard. "Quantitative trait loci analyses for meristic traits in Oncorhynchus mykiss". W Genetics of Subpolar Fish and Invertebrates, 317–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0983-6_26.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Quantitative traits"

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Singh, Kalpana, Manish Kumar i Sekhar Verma. "Extraction of associated quantitative traits by association mining". W 2016 International Conference on Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (BSB). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bsb.2016.7552124.

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Davoodi, P., A. Ehsani, R. Vaez Torshizi i A. A. Masoudi. "596. Chicken quantitative traits follow the omnigenic model". W World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-940-4_596.

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Tsuruta, S., D. A. L. Lourenco i I. Misztal. "432. Efficient genetic progress for quantitative traits through genomic selection". W World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-940-4_432.

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Huh, Ik-Soo, Sohee Oh, Eunjin Lee i Taesung Park. "Compairing quantitative trait analysis to qualitative trait analysis for complex traits disease: A genome wide association study for hyperlipidemia". W 2010 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine Workshops (BIBMW). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibmw.2010.5703825.

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Parins-Fukuchi, Caroline. "IDENTIFYING THE PHYLOGENETIC STRUCTURE UNDERLYING LARGE DATASETS OF QUANTITATIVE PHENOTYPIC TRAITS". W GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-324015.

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Grigorov, Tatiana, Larisa Andronic, Svetlana Smerea i Vadim Racu. "Variation of quantitative traits in hybrid population (F4) of winter barley". W XIth International Congress of Geneticists and Breeders from the Republic of Moldova. Scientific Association of Geneticists and Breeders of the Republic of Moldova, Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Moldova State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/cga11.2021.065.

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Tortereau, F., C. Marie-Etancelin, D. Marcon i J. L. Weisbecker. "49. Feed intake can be predicted as quantitative or qualitative traits". W World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-940-4_49.

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Grigorov, Tatiana. "Variabilitatea caracterelor biomorfologice la mutantul calcaroides de orz de primăvară în generațiile M3-M7". W VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.39.

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The variability of quantitative traits (plant height, spike length, apical internode length, number of spikelets and grains per spike, number of productive tillers per plant) in barley calcaroides mutant of cv. Sonor induced by gamma rays (250 Gy) has been studied. The analysis of variance showed that year condi-tions were mainly responsible (10.59 to 46.96%) for variation of studied traits, followed by the genotype (1.48 to 20.5%) and the interaction of these factors (1.94 to 8.64%), with only one exception for number of grains per spike. Variation of this trait depends mostly on genotype factors. The mean values of all studied traits of mutant form were lower than of Sonor variety. This morphological mutant has a scientific importance.
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Dachs, N., M. Upadhyay, E. Hannemann, A. Hauser, S. Krebs, H. Blum, D. Seichter i in. "510. Insight into the most significant quantitative trait locus for calving traits on BTA18 in Holstein dairy cattle". W World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-940-4_510.

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Aung, Nay, William Young, Stefan Van Duijvenboden, Julia Ramírez, Steffen Petersen i Patricia Munroe. "Genetic Architecture of Quantitative Cardiovascular Traits: Blood Pressure, ECG and Imaging Phenotypes". W 2020 Computing in Cardiology Conference. Computing in Cardiology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22489/cinc.2020.477.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Quantitative traits"

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Paran, Ilan, i Molly Jahn. Analysis of Quantitative Traits in Pepper Using Molecular Markers. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7570562.bard.

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Original objectives: The overall goal of the proposal was to determine the genetic and molecular control of pathways leading to the production of secondary metabolites determining major fruit quality traits in pepper. The specific objectives were to: (1) Generate a molecular map of pepper based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. (2) Map QTL for capsaicinoids content (3) Determine possible association between capsaicinoids and carotenoid content and structural genes for capsaicinoid and carotenoid biosynthesis. (4) Map QTL for quantitative traits controlling additional fruit traits. (5) Map fruit-specific ESTs and determine possible association with fruit QTL (6) Map the C locus that determines the presence and absence of capsaicinoids in pepper fruit and identify candidate genes for C. Background: Pungency, color, fruit shape and fruit size are among the most important fruit quality characteristics of pepper. Despite the importance of the pepper crop both in the USA and Israel, the genetic basis of these traits was only little known prior to the studies conducted in the present proposal. In addition, molecular tools for use in pepper improvement were lacking. Major conclusions and achievements: Our studies enabled the development of a saturated genetic map of pepper that includes numerous simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and the integration of several independent maps into a single resource map that consists of over 2000 markers. Unlike previous maps that consisted mostly of tomato-originated RFLP markers, the SSR-based map consists of largely pepper markers. Therefore, the SSR and integrated maps provide ample of tools for use in marker-assisted selection for diverse targets throughout the Capsicum genome. We determined the genetic and molecular bases of qualitative and quantitative variation of pungency, the most unique characteristics of pepper fruit. We mapped and subsequently cloned the Pun1 gene that serves as a master key for capsaicinoids accumulation and showed that it is an acyltransferase. By sequencing the Pun1 gene in pungent and non-pungent cultivars we identified a deletion that abolishes the expression of the gene in the latter cultivars. We also identified QTLs that control capsaicinoids content and therefore pungency level. These genes will allow pepper breeders to manipulate the level of pungency for specific agricultural and industrial purposes. In addition to pungency we identified genes and QTLs that control other key developmental processes of fruit development such as color, texture and fruit shape. The A gene controlling anthocyanin accumulation in the immature fruit was found as the ortholog of the petunia transcription factor Anthocyanin2. The S gene required for the soft flesh and deciduous fruit nature typical of wild peppers was identified as the ortholog of tomato polygalacturonase. We identified two major QTLs controlling fruit shape, fs3.1 and fs10.1, that differentiate between elongated and blocky and round fruit shapes, respectively. Scientific and agricultural implications: Our studies allowed significant advancement of our understanding at the genetic and molecular levels of important processes of pepper fruit development. Concomitantly to gaining biological knowledge, we were able to develop molecular tools that can be implemented for pepper improvement.
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Moore, Gloria A., Gozal Ben-Hayyim, Charles L. Guy i Doron Holland. Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci in the Woody Perennial Plant Genus Citrus. United States Department of Agriculture, maj 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570565.bard.

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As is true for all crops, production of Citrus fruit is limited by traits whose characteristics are the products of many genes (i.e. cold hardiness). In order to modify these traits by marker aided selection or molecular genetic techniques, it is first necessary to map the relevant genes. Mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in perennial plants has been extremely difficult, requiring large numbers of mature plants. Production of suitable mapping populations has been inhibited by aspects of reproductive biology (e.g. incompatibility, apomixis) and delayed by juvenility. New approaches promise to overcome some of these obstacles. The overall objective of this project was to determine whether QTLs for environmental stress tolerance could be effectively mapped in the perennial crop Citrus, using an extensive linkage map consisting of various types of molecular markers. Specific objectives were to: 1) Produce a highly saturated genetic linkage map of Citrus by continuing to place molecular markers of several types on the map. 2) Exploiting recently developed technology and already characterized parental types, determine whether QTLs governing cold acclimation can be mapped using very young seedling populations. 3) Determine whether the same strategy can be transferred to a different situation by mapping QTLs influencing Na+ and C1- exclusion (likely components of salinity tolerance) in the already characterized cross and in new alternative crosses. 4) Construct a YAC library of the citrus genome for future mapping and cloning.
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Feldman, Moshe, Eitan Millet, Calvin O. Qualset i Patrick E. McGuire. Mapping and Tagging by DNA Markers of Wild Emmer Alleles that Improve Quantitative Traits in Common Wheat. United States Department of Agriculture, luty 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7573081.bard.

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The general goal was to identify, map, and tag, with DNA markers, segments of chromosomes of a wild species (wild emmer wheat, the progenitor of cultivated wheat) determining the number, chromosomal locations, interactions, and effects of genes that control quantitative traits when transferred to a cultivated plant (bread wheat). Slight modifications were introduced and not all objectives could be completed within the human and financial resources available, as noted with the specific objectives listed below: 1. To identify the genetic contribution of each of the available wild emmer chromosome-arm substitution lines (CASLs) in the bread wheat cultivar Bethlehem for quantitative traits, including grain yield and its components and grain protein concentration and yield, and the effect of major loci affecting the quality of end-use products. [The quality of end-use products was not analyzed.] 2. To determine the extent and nature of genetic interactions (epistatic effects) between and within homoeologous groups 1 and 7 for the chromosome arms carrying "wild" and "cultivated" alleles as expressed in grain and protein yields and other quantitative traits. [Two experiments were successful, grain protein concentration could not be measured; data are partially analyzed.] 3. To derive recombinant substitution lines (RSLs) for the chromosome arms of homoeologous groups 1 and 7 that were found previously to promote grain and protein yields of cultivated wheat. [The selection of groups 1 and 7 tons based on grain yield in pot experiments. After project began, it was decided also to derive RSLs for the available arms of homoeologous group 4 (4AS and 4BL), based on the apparent importance of chromosome group 4, based on early field trials of the CASLs.] 4. To characterize the RSLs for quantitative traits as in objective 1 and map and tag chromosome segments producing significant effects (quantitative trait loci, QTLs by RFLP markers. [Producing a large population of RSLs for each chromosome arm and mapping them proved more difficult than anticipated, low numbers of RSLs were obtained for two of the chromosome arms.] 5. To construct recombination genetic maps of chromosomes of homoeologous groups 1 and 7 and to compare them to existing maps of wheat and other cereals [Genetic maps are not complete for homoeologous groups 4 and 7.] The rationale for this project is that wild species have characteristics that would be valuable if transferred to a crop plant. We demonstrated the sequence of chromosome manipulations and genetic tests needed to confirm this potential value and enhance transfer. This research has shown that a wild tetraploid species harbors genetic variability for quantitative traits that is interactive and not simply additive when introduced into a common genetic background. Chromosomal segments from several chromosome arms improve yield and protein in wheat but their effect is presumably enhanced when combination of genes from several segments are integrated into a single genotype in order to achieve the benefits of genes from the wild species. The interaction between these genes and those in the recipient species must be accounted for. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for some of the disappointing results that have historically obtained when using wild species as donors for crop improvement and provide a strategy for further successes.
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Weller, Joel I., Harris A. Lewin i Micha Ron. Determination of Allele Frequencies for Quantitative Trait Loci in Commercial Animal Populations. United States Department of Agriculture, luty 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586473.bard.

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Individual loci affecting economic traits in dairy cattle (ETL) have been detected via linkage to genetic markers by application of the granddaughter design in the US population and the daughter design in the Israeli population. From these analyses it is not possible to determine allelic frequencies in the population at large, or whether the same alleles are segregating in different families. We proposed to answer this question by application of the "modified granddaughter design", in which granddaughters with a common maternal grandsire are both genotyped and analyzed for the economic traits. The objectives of the proposal were: 1) to fine map three segregating ETL previously detected by a daughter design analysis of the Israeli dairy cattle population; 2) to determine the effects of ETL alleles in different families relative to the population mean; 3) for each ETL, to determine the number of alleles and allele frequencies. The ETL on Bostaurusautosome (BT A) 6 chiefly affecting protein concentration was localized to a 4 cM chromosomal segment centered on the microsatellite BM143 by the daughter design. The modified granddaughter design was applied to a single family. The frequency of the allele increasing protein percent was estimated at 0.63+0.06. The hypothesis of equal allelic frequencies was rejected at p<0.05. Segregation of this ETL in the Israeli population was confirmed. The genes IBSP, SPP1, and LAP3 located adjacent to BM143 in the whole genome cattle- human comparative map were used as anchors for the human genome sequence and bovine BAC clones. Fifteen genes within 2 cM upstream of BM143 were located in the orthologous syntenic groups on HSA4q22 and HSA4p15. Only a single gene, SLIT2, was located within 2 cM downstream of BM143 in the orthologous HSA4p15 region. The order of these genes, as derived from physical mapping of BAC end sequences, was identical to the order within the orthologous syntenic groups on HSA4: FAM13A1, HERC3. CEB1, FLJ20637, PP2C-like, ABCG2, PKD2. SPP, MEP, IBSP, LAP3, EG1. KIAA1276, HCAPG, MLR1, BM143, and SLIT2. Four hundred and twenty AI bulls with genetic evaluations were genotyped for 12 SNPs identified in 10 of these genes, and for BM143. Seven SNPs displayed highly significant linkage disequilibrium effects on protein percentage (P<0.000l) with the greatest effect for SPP1. None of SNP genotypes for two sires heterozygous for the ETL, and six sires homozygous for the ETL completely corresponded to the causative mutation. The expression of SPP 1 and ABCG2 in the mammary gland corresponded to the lactation curve, as determined by microarray and QPCR assays, but not in the liver. Anti-sense SPP1 transgenic mice displayed abnormal mammary gland differentiation and milk secretion. Thus SPP 1 is a prime candidate gene for this ETL. We confirmed that DGAT1 is the ETL segregating on BTA 14 that chiefly effects fat concentration, and that the polymorphism is due to a missense mutation in an exon. Four hundred Israeli Holstein bulls were genotyped for this polymorphism, and the change in allelic frequency over the last 20 years was monitored.
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Hulata, Gideon, i Graham A. E. Gall. Breed Improvement of Tilapia: Selective Breeding for Cold Tolerance and for Growth Rate in Fresh and Saline Water. United States Department of Agriculture, listopad 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586478.bard.

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The main objective of this project was to initiate a breeding program to produce cold-tolerant and salinity-tolerant synthetic breeds of tilapia, from a base population consisting of a four-species hybrid population created under an earlier BARD project. A secondary objective was to estimate genetic parameters for the traits growth rate under fresh- and salt-water and for cold tolerance. A third objective was to place quantitative trait loci that affect these traits of interest (e.g., growth rate in fresh-water, salt-water and cold tolerance) on the growing linkage map of primarily microsatellite loci. We have encountered fertility problems that were apparently the result of the complex genetic structure of this base population. The failure in producing the first generation of the breeding program has forced us to stop the intended breeding program. Thus, upon approval of BARD office, this objective was dropped and during the last year we have focused on the secondary objective of the original project during the third year of the project, but failed to perform the intended analysis to estimate genetic parameters for the traits of interest. We have succeeded, however, to strengthen the earlier identification of a QTL for cold tolerance by analyzing further segregating families. The results support the existence of a QTL for cold tolerance on linkage group 15, corresponding to UNH linkage group 23. The results also indicate a QTL for the same trait on linkage group 12, corresponding to UNH linkage group 4.
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Weller, Joel I., Derek M. Bickhart, Micha Ron, Eyal Seroussi, George Liu i George R. Wiggans. Determination of actual polymorphisms responsible for economic trait variation in dairy cattle. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600017.bard.

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The project’s general objectives were to determine specific polymorphisms at the DNA level responsible for observed quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and to estimate their effects, frequencies, and selection potential in the Holstein dairy cattle breed. The specific objectives were to (1) localize the causative polymorphisms to small chromosomal segments based on analysis of 52 U.S. Holstein bulls each with at least 100 sons with high-reliability genetic evaluations using the a posteriori granddaughter design; (2) sequence the complete genomes of at least 40 of those bulls to 20 coverage; (3) determine causative polymorphisms based on concordance between the bulls’ genotypes for specific polymorphisms and their status for a QTL; (4) validate putative quantitative trait variants by genotyping a sample of Israeli Holstein cows; and (5) perform gene expression analysis using statistical methodologies, including determination of signatures of selection, based on somatic cells of cows that are homozygous for contrasting quantitative trait variants; and (6) analyze genes with putative quantitative trait variants using data mining techniques. Current methods for genomic evaluation are based on population-wide linkage disequilibrium between markers and actual alleles that affect traits of interest. Those methods have approximately doubled the rate of genetic gain for most traits in the U.S. Holstein population. With determination of causative polymorphisms, increasing the accuracy of genomic evaluations should be possible by including those genotypes as fixed effects in the analysis models. Determination of causative polymorphisms should also yield useful information on gene function and genetic architecture of complex traits. Concordance between QTL genotype as determined by the a posteriori granddaughter design and marker genotype was determined for 30 trait-by-chromosomal segment effects that are segregating in the U.S. Holstein population; a probability of <10²⁰ was used to accept the null hypothesis that no segregating gene within the chromosomal segment was affecting the trait. Genotypes for 83 grandsires and 17,217 sons were determined by either complete sequence or imputation for 3,148,506 polymorphisms across the entire genome. Variant sites were identified from previous studies (such as the 1000 Bull Genomes Project) and from DNA sequencing of bulls unique to this project, which is one of the largest marker variant surveys conducted for the Holstein breed of cattle. Effects for stature on chromosome 11, daughter pregnancy rate on chromosome 18, and protein percentage on chromosome 20 met 3 criteria: (1) complete or nearly complete concordance, (2) nominal significance of the polymorphism effect after correction for all other polymorphisms, and (3) marker coefficient of determination >40% of total multiple-regression coefficient of determination for the 30 polymorphisms with highest concordance. The missense polymorphism Phe279Tyr in GHR at 31,909,478 base pairs on chromosome 20 was confirmed as the causative mutation for fat and protein concentration. For effect on fat percentage, 12 additional missensepolymorphisms on chromosome 14 were found that had nearly complete concordance with the suggested causative polymorphism (missense mutation Ala232Glu in DGAT1). The markers used in routine U.S. genomic evaluations were increased from 60,000 to 80,000 by adding markers for known QTLs and markers detected in BARD and other research projects. Objectives 1 and 2 were completely accomplished, and objective 3 was partially accomplished. Because no new clear-cut causative polymorphisms were discovered, objectives 4 through 6 were not completed.
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Seroussi, Eyal, i George Liu. Genome-Wide Association Study of Copy Number Variation and QTL for Economic Traits in Holstein Cattle. United States Department of Agriculture, wrzesień 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7593397.bard.

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Copy number variation (CNV) has been recently identified in human and other mammalian genomes and increasing awareness that CNV might be a major source for heritable variation in complex traits has emerged. Despite this, little has been published on CNVs in Holsteins. In order to fill this knowledge-gap, we proposed a genome-wide association study between quantitative trait loci (QTL) for economic traits and CNV in the Holstein cattle. The approved feasibility study was aimed at the genome-wide characterization of CNVs in Holstein cattle and at the demonstrating of their possible association with economic traits by performing the activities of preparation of DNA samples, Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH), initial association study between CNVs and production traits and characterization of CNVSNP associations. For both countries, 40 genomic DNA samples of bulls representing the extreme sub-populations for economically important traits were CGH analyzed using the same reference genome on a NimbleGen tiling array. We designed this array based on the latest build of the bovine genome (UMD3) with average probe spacing of 1150 bases (total number of probes was 2,166,672). Two CNV gene clusters, PLA2G2D on BTA2 and KIAA1683 on BTA7 revealed significant association with milk percentage and cow fertility, respectively, and were chosen for further characterization and verification in a larger sample using other methodologies including sequencing, tag SNPs and real time PCR (qPCR). Comparison between these four methods indicated that there is under estimation of the number of CNV loci in Holstein cattle and their complexity. The variation in sequence between different copies seemed to affect their functionality and thus the hybridization based methods were less informative than the methods that are based on sequencing. We thus conclude that large scale sequencing effort complemented by array CGH should be considered to better detect and characterize CNVs in order to effectively employ them in marker-assisted selection.
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Juvik, John A., Avri Bar Zur i Torbert R. Rocheford. Breeding for Quality in Vegetable Maize Using Linked Molecular Markers. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568764.bard.

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Recently, the vegetable corn industry has shifted from the use of traditional cultivars with the sugary1 (su1) endosperm mutation to newer hybrids homozygous for the shrunken2 (sh2) or sugary enhancer1 (se1) genes. With greater kernel sucrose content, these hybrids are preferred by consumers and retain sugar for longer post harvest periods, providing the industry with more time to marker products with superior quality. Commercialization has been hindered, however, by reduced field emergence, and the establishment of stands with heterogeneous uniformity and maturities. This investigation was conducted to identify key biochemical and physiological characteristics in sh2 and se1 maize kernels associated with improved emergence, and stand establishment; and in immature ears at fresh harvest maturity, properties associated with eating quality. The location of genes or QTL controlling these kernel characteristics and other traits were then mapped to specific chromosomal regions by their linkage to molecular markers using two segregating F2:3 populations. This database was used to compare the efficiency of marker-assisted selection of key alleles with phenotypic selection for trait improvement. A model designed to uncover and quantify digenic interaction was applied to the datasets to evaluate the role of epistasis in the inheritance of quantitative traits.
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Weller, Joel I., Ignacy Misztal i Micha Ron. Optimization of methodology for genomic selection of moderate and large dairy cattle populations. United States Department of Agriculture, marzec 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7594404.bard.

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The main objectives of this research was to detect the specific polymorphisms responsible for observed quantitative trait loci and develop optimal strategies for genomic evaluations and selection for moderate (Israel) and large (US) dairy cattle populations. A joint evaluation using all phenotypic, pedigree, and genomic data is the optimal strategy. The specific objectives were: 1) to apply strategies for determination of the causative polymorphisms based on the “a posteriori granddaughter design” (APGD), 2) to develop methods to derive unbiased estimates of gene effects derived from SNP chips analyses, 3) to derive optimal single-stage methods to estimate breeding values of animals based on marker, phenotypic and pedigree data, 4) to extend these methods to multi-trait genetic evaluations and 5) to evaluate the results of long-term genomic selection, as compared to traditional selection. Nearly all of these objectives were met. The major achievements were: The APGD and the modified granddaughter designs were applied to the US Holstein population, and regions harboring segregating quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for all economic traits of interest. The APGD was able to find segregating QTL for all the economic traits analyzed, and confidence intervals for QTL location ranged from ~5 to 35 million base pairs. Genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) for milk production traits in the Israeli Holstein population were computed by the single-step method and compared to results for the two-step method. The single-step method was extended to derive GEBV for multi-parity evaluation. Long-term analysis of genomic selection demonstrated that inclusion of pedigree data from previous generations may result in less accurate GEBV. Major conclusions are: Predictions using single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) were the least biased, and that method appears to be the best tool for genomic evaluation of a small population, as it automatically accounts for parental index and allows for inclusion of female genomic information without additional steps. None of the methods applied to the Israeli Holstein population were able to derive GEBV for young bulls that were significantly better than parent averages. Thus we confirm previous studies that the main limiting factor for the accuracy of GEBV is the number of bulls with genotypes and progeny tests. Although 36 of the grandsires included in the APGD were genotyped for the BovineHDBeadChip, which includes 777,000 SNPs, we were not able to determine the causative polymorphism for any of the detected QTL. The number of valid unique markers on the BovineHDBeadChip is not sufficient for a reasonable probability to find the causative polymorphisms. Complete resequencing of the genome of approximately 50 bulls will be required, but this could not be accomplished within the framework of the current project due to funding constraints. Inclusion of pedigree data from older generations in the derivation of GEBV may result is less accurate evaluations.
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Seroussi, E., L. Ma i G. Liu. Genetic analyses of recombination and PRDM9 alleles and their implications in dairy cattle breeding. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.8134158.bard.

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Meiotic recombination is one of the important phenomena contributing to gamete genome diversity. However, it is not well studied in livestock including cattle. The general objectives of this project were to perform genetic analyses of recombination and PRDM9 alleles and study their implications in dairy cattle breeding. The specific objectives were: 1. Analyze variation in recombination across individuals, breeds, and environments; 1.1.Construct individual-level recombination maps; 1.2.Compare recombination features between bulls held under different environmental conditions in US and Israeli; 2. Examine genetic basis of recombination variation in cattle; 2.1.Characterize PRDM9 alleles and their impacts on total and locus-specific recombination features; 2.2.Validate pedigree-based recombination maps using single sperm sequencing and typing; 3. Investigate the impacts of recombination on dairy cattle breeding; 3.1.Evaluate correlation between recombination and dairy production and health traits; 3.2.Evaluate the benefits of incorporating recombination as novel quantitative trait into genomic selection scheme.
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