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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Public sector agencies"
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Grote, Dick. "Public Sector Organizations". Public Personnel Management 29, nr 1 (marzec 2000): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102600002900101.
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Who's coming up with the best new ideas for managing people's performance on the job? Surprisingly, some of the most innovative work in developing new approaches to performance management is being done these days by organizations in the public sector. When executives look for breakthrough thinking and best practices, their best sources frequently turn out to be state agencies and city governments, federal bureaucracies, and your local pardons and parole boards.
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Abdullah, Azizah, Norazamina Mohamed, Najihah Marha Yaacob i Suraya Ahmad. "Malaysian Public Sector Ethical Stimulants". International Journal of Financial Research 11, nr 3 (30.06.2020): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v11n3p100.
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Public becomes inquisitive about the role of public sector in mitigating fraud, corruption and corporate misconduct. Downe, Cowell, & Morgan, (2016) suggest that public sector agencies with highly ethical leaders and proper guidelines not only be able to prevent unethical behaviour but also improve its productivity and services performances. This research is conducted with the objective to identify ethical stimulants in Malaysian public sector agencies. In addition, it aims to determine the five ethical stimulants. Agency members’ viewpoints were obtained using quantitative survey-based questionnaires. Exploratory factor analysis suggests five ethical stimulants which include ethical leadership, ethical employees, spiritual encouragement, spirituality acceptance, and ethical guidelines.
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Thomas, Manoj A., Joseph Cipolla, Bob Lambert i Lemuria Carter. "Data management maturity assessment of public sector agencies". Government Information Quarterly 36, nr 4 (październik 2019): 101401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.101401.
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E, Ewa Uket. "Stakeholders Perception of Public Sector Performance Audit". Journal of Accounting, Business and Finance Research 14, nr 2 (29.04.2022): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.55217/102.v14i2.517.
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This study focused on evaluating public sector audit quality on public expenditure management in Nigeria. Qualitative and quantitative research was applied and data analysed using SPSS and NVivo 10. The F-statistics of 37.611, 27.644 and 27.218 explains the variations as adequate and significant at p <0.000. The R ratios of 0.621, 0.562 and 0.559 indicate significant influence of the audit quality on agencies’ expenditure management. The R-Square values of 0.385, 0.315 and 0.312 public expenditure management is influenced by audit quality. The study found significant relationship between audit qualities, agencies expenditure management, external influences on auditors that impair their independence and highlighted the absence of Audit Commission thus recommended the amendment of the Audit Act to promote yearly mandatory rendition of performance audit that addresses economy, efficiency and effectiveness (3Es) and standardized performance audit guidelines for presenting the audit reports that should be made available curtail non-audit service contracts from Agencies.
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Vivian, Bruce, i Warren Maroun. "Progressive public administration and new public management in public sector accountancy". Meditari Accountancy Research 26, nr 1 (9.04.2018): 44–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/medar-03-2017-0131.
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Purpose This paper aims to evaluate responses to the International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board’s proposed conceptual framework for evidence of support of new public management doctrines by key stakeholders, namely, accounting professionals, government agencies and international bodies. Design/methodology/approach The research uses a content analysis of response letters to select phases of the conceptual framework project to identify themes/principles pointing to acceptance or rejection of new public management principles by stakeholders. Findings Accounting professionals tend to support proposals that are consistent with principles of new public management providing evidence of normative and mimetic isomorphic pressure to align public and private sector accounting practices. Some government agencies and international organisations appear to have conformed but the majority resist efforts to incorporate a new public management discourse in public sector accounting. Research limitations/implications The study is based on a content analysis of publically available response letters. It does not engage directly with respondents. In addition, not all stakeholders have submitted an equal number of response letters, with the result that it was not possible to compare responses from the developed and developing world or according to variations in legal and governance systems. Originality/value The study provides empirical evidence of different perspectives of the International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board’s conceptual framework project, which have not been considered explicitly by the previous research. The findings support the view that the accounting profession, as an integral part of the capital market system, exerts pressure to drive standardisation of financialised accounting practices. In contrast, government agencies support accounting systems aligned with conventional accountability principles aligned with jurisdiction-specific contexts. The interaction of these opposing perspectives is a primary determinant of change in accounting practice in the public sector space.
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K., Sangeetha, i P. K. Sundaresan. "HRD Practices of Public Sector Tourism Agencies in Kerala". International Journal of Management Studies VI, nr 1(6) (30.01.2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.18843/ijms/v6i1(6)/13.
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Smallbone, David. "Enterprise agencies in London — A public private sector partnership?" Local Government Studies 16, nr 5 (wrzesień 1990): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03003939008433544.
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Ryan, Christine, i Peter Walsh. "Collaboration of public sector agencies: reporting and accountability challenges". International Journal of Public Sector Management 17, nr 7 (grudzień 2004): 621–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513550410562284.
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Murray, Eugene, Steve Bert, Joyendu Bhadury, Kwasi Amoako Gyampah i James B. Martin. "Service operations in public sector agencies: evidence from NCDMV". International Journal of Services and Operations Management 36, nr 2 (2020): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsom.2020.10028975.
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Martin, James B., Joyendu Bhadury, Kwasi Amoako Gyampah, Steve Bert i Eugene Murray. "Service operations in public sector agencies: evidence from NCDMV". International Journal of Services and Operations Management 36, nr 2 (2020): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsom.2020.107207.
Pełny tekst źródłaRozprawy doktorskie na temat "Public sector agencies"
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Kaijankoski, Eric A. "Cybersecurity information sharing between public–private sector agencies". Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/45204.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedGovernment agencies, businesses, and individuals alike have become more dependent on technology, and the desire and need for interconnectedness has led to increasing network vulnerability affecting both government and private sectors. Recognizing both government and private sector agencies individually lack the capabilities to defend against cyber threats, President Obama has called for a more robust and resilient cybersecurity alliance that encourages information-sharing partnerships with private sector owners and operators in charge of protecting U.S. critical infrastructure. Despite the recent drive for cyber legislation and policies, government agencies and private companies have seemed reluctant to share information related to cyber-attacks and threats with one another. To discover the deeper underlying issues that inhibit public-private cooperation, and to evaluate the effectiveness of public-private partnerships (PPPs) to advance cyber information sharing, this thesis examines the banking and finance sector of U.S. critical infrastructure sector. In doing so, it identifies reasons why information-sharing problems exist between government agencies and private companies; investigates how PPPs satisfy national cybersecurity needs; and, in turn, reveals issues for policymakers to consider when shaping policies that encourage an open dialog between the public and private sector.
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Thomason, Corinne. "Voluntary sector activity and public sector support in care in the community for people with long term care needs". Thesis, University of Kent, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252607.
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Perrott, Bruce Edwin. "An empirical study of strategic issue processing in public sector organisations". [Sydney : University of New South Wales], 1993. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/~thesis/adt-NUN/public/adt-NUN1999.0048/index.html.
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Grim, Katheleen E. "A discussion of public sector employee development with a focus on local public agencies". Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1997. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
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Rashid, Muhammad Hafiz Abd. "Measuring and achieving quality customer service : a study on public sector in Malaysia /". Online version of thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/8384.
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Cork, Julie. "The Queensland public sector : assessing the Goss government reforms /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19501.pdf.
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Alraqqass, B. M. "The strategic perspective of information systems in public sector agencies of developing countries". Thesis, Swansea University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.635765.
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This research examines the strategic use of information systems and information technology (IS/IT) by public sector agencies in developing countries (PSADC). It examines mechanism for identifying strategic opportunities, the obstacles facing PSADC to develop such strategic use, and other factors that might influence the development of the strategic use of IS/IT. This research used case study methods to collect data from public sector agencies in Kuwait. Concerning identifying strategic opportunities, this study indicated that PSADC can use IS/IT to target the public, other government agencies, parliament and oversight agencies, other countries and word organisations, and specific domestic industries. The Study shows that PSADC can use IS/IT to support strategic thrusts that could be applied defensively or offensively. Those strategic thrusts are focus, innovation, alliance, differentiation, satisfying, and cost. Concerning the correlation of the development of strategic use of IS/IT, five correlates were examined. Those correlates were environmental dynamism, environmental scanning, organisational control, information intensity, and senior management's knowledge of strategic use of information systems. This study found no evidence to support their correlation with the development of the strategic use of IS/IT in PSADC. Concerning the prerequisites for developing strategic use of IT/IS in PSADC, the study indicates that a developed hardware and software platform greatly influences the development of such use. This thesis concludes with a discussion of its implications on theory and practice, in addition to suggestions for future research.
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Imbaruddin, Amir, i aimbaruddin@yahoo com. "Understanding Institutional Capacity of Local Government Agencies in Indonesia". The Australian National University. Research School of Social Sciences, 2005. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20070320.141727.
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This thesis is about the capacity of local government agencies in Makassar (Indonesia) to provide services to the public. Besides aiming to understand the institutional capacity of local government agencies, the research also examines the role internal and external factors play in determining the service delivery capacity of public organisations. Internal factors refer to the organisational structure, managerial practices and the management of human resources in public organisations. External factors refer to the degree of bureaucratic and political accountability as well as the level of competition experienced by government agencies.
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This research will enrich the existing development literature by strengthening our understanding of the ways in which internal and external factors strengthen or weaken the capacity of public sector institutions.
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Institutional capacity is measured by the quality of services provided by the local government agencies as assessed by their clients through both questionnaires and interviews, whereas the data regarding the role internal and external factors play in determining the institutional capacity of local government agencies were collected by in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with the management and staff in a number of agencies, with high-level bureaucrats, with non-government organisations and business associations, and members of the Makassar parliament.
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This study concludes that the institutional capacity of local government agencies in the case studies varies, although overall institutional capacity is relatively low or unsatisfactory. Of the four agencies in the case studies, only one agency was able to deliver quality services higher than the level expected by its clients.
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In general, this research reveals that the degree of accountability of the local government agencies in the case studies is relatively weak. The study infers that the degree of accountability does not have a significant impact on the agencies' performance.
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It was found that the competitive or monopolistic environment in which the local government agencies operate does affect the capacity of the agencies to serve their clients. This capacity is also affected by a number of aspects within the organisation and human resource dimensions of the agencies.
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This study shows that, in the case of Indonesia, attempts to improve the capacity of government agencies to deliver quality public services by improving the capacity of parliament to politically oversee the executive, as recommended by a number of international agencies and commentators, may not be the best and most effective alternative. Rather than focusing the resources to improve the degree of political accountability, the study suggests that a more effective strategy to develop the capacity of government agencies is to enhance the organisational structure, managerial practices and the management of human resources in the public organizations, and to introduce competition into the delivery of public services.
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Chong, Kar M. "Resource allocation and efficiency in public sector audits". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2000. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1541.
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In recent years, the push for reform in the Australian public sector audit has placed the Office of the Auditor-General (hereafter OAG) in a more contestable or market- like environment, where the OAG is accountable for an efficient and effective provision of public sector audit. The purpose of this study is to compare the cost efficiency of in-house and contract-out arrangements to deliver financial audits in the public sector. It empirically tests whether there are audit cost and audit fee differences between in-house providers (i.e., the OAG) and contractors (i.e., public accounting firms). The secondary aims of this study are to develop audit cost and fee models for the public sector. The unit of analysis is audit cost/fee at the audit engagement level. The data for this study is collected for a sample of financial statement audit engagements for year-end 1998, at the state level in Western Australia. The data is extracted from publicly available and private sources. The audit cost and fee models are used to test for the cost differences between in- house providers and contractors. Prior audit production and audit fee studies in the private and public sectors provide the basis for the development of the two models. The results indicate that agency size, complexity and risk are positively associated with audit costs and audit fees. In addition, the total advice provided to the agencies by the OAG and agency type are also significantly associated with audit costs and audit fees. Overall, by incorporating these factors into the models, the audit cost model explains 82 percent of the variance in audit costs, while the audit fee model explains 86 percent of the variance in audit fees. More importantly, the main findings suggest that contract-out audits are more costly than in-house audits. However, this finding is conditional on agency type. Further analysis reveals that the type of audit arrangement is significantly associated with audit costs for the statutory authority audits only. There is no significant difference in audit costs between contract-out and in-house arrangement for hospital audits. This analysis shows that the statutory authority audits are driving the significance of the interaction between type of audit arrangement and agency type. Specifically, the costs of contract-out audits are, on average, significantly higher than in-house audits. This result is attributed to the contractor's lack of expertise in auditing statutory authority as there is no equivalent of this agency type in the private sector. As such, the OAG bas the greater advantage of delivering a lower audit cost for statutory authority audits compared to the contractors. However, the non-significant interaction term in the audit fee model suggests that cost differences between in-house and contract-out audits for the statutory authority audits are not reflected in audit fees billed to agencies. Further analyses, using audit hours as the dependent variable, generally corroborate the findings from the audit cost and audit fee models. Sensitivity analyses on the OAG's supervision costs reveal that these costs have a significant effect on the interpretation of the cost efficiency results. By excluding supervision costs from contract-out audits, there are significant changes in the results for the total sample and the two sub-samples (partitioned by agency type). Generally, these changes favour the contract-out audits for all groupings, where contract-out audits are now more cost efficient than in-house audits for hospitals, and not significantly different in costs for statutory authority audits. Additional tests to investigate the determinants of the GAG's supervision costs in contract-out audits reveal that agency size, risk, reliance on internal control, total advice provided by the OAG and packaged audits (a single contract for two or more audits) are significantly associated with the supervision costs of contract-out audits. The main contribution of this study is to add to the growing literature on audit market efficiency (see Dopuch, Gupta, Simunic & Stein, 2000; Knechel & Payne, forthcoming). It provides evidence on the production function of different type of suppliers in the public sector and their relative efficiency in providing audit services. This study contributes to the recent discussions on the changing nature of public sector audit market towards a market-based provision of public sector audits. The evidence from this study allows researchers and policy-makers to compare the two types of audit arrangement to undertake public sector audits. In pan, this study also contributes to the line of inquiry that examines the difference between government auditors and public accounting firms in US municipalities (Copley, 1989; Dwyer & Wilson, 1989; Rubin, 1992). The secondary contribution of this study is to develop and test the audit cost and fee models in the public sector and provide validity on the transferability of audit models from the private and public sectors. This study adds to the literature that examines the public sector audit market. More importantly, it is one of the few non-US studies that examine the public sector audit market and the findings from this study suggest that the public sector audit studies from the US are generalisable to Australia. These findings add to our understanding of the range of market conditions under which it is so far known to hold.
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Perrott, Bruce Edwin Marketing Australian School of Business UNSW. "An Empirical Study of Strategic Issue Processing in Public Sector Organisations". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Marketing, 1993. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/17171.
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In recent years public sector organisations in New South Wales have been subjected to changes in their operating environments. Changes have included micro-economic reforms by Government and changes in stakeholders' expectations of how public sector organisations manage their affairs. The need to deal with the increasing number and diversity of issues arising, has motivated public sector managers to become increasingly involved in strategic management. The focus of this research was to study how strategic issues were processed within the context of their approach to strategic management. Strategic issue management has been proposed as an appropriate management system for use in conditions of moderate to high levels of environmental turbulence as a means to providing a mechanism for real time response to emerging issues. Three of the four organisations in the study indicated a progressive increase in perceptions of environmental turbulence over a six year period to points mid way between the 'Changing' and 'Discontinuous' levels on the Ansoff and McDonnell (1990) environmental turbulence scale. Research findings indicted that all four public sector organisations undertake a form of strategic issue management which is separate to the periodic strategic planning cycle. In answer to the criticism of the theoretical void which is seen to exist in linking organisational response to changes in the environment, theoretical models were developed for the Sensing, Deciding and Executing functions of the processing dimension of Ansoff's (1987) proposed paradigm of emerging strategic behaviour. The models provide the framework for tracking how eight strategic issues were processed in four public sector organisations. Field research-was conducted over a fifteen month period collecting both secondary and primary data. A case study research methodology was developed for the project following a review of the relevant literature. There were clear indications that the Sensing, Deciding and Executing functions were performed and that the issues under study passed through numerous phases during their processing cycles. The interconnected and iterative nature of issue processing across the Sensing, Deciding and Executing phases were demonstrated in the research findings.
Książki na temat "Public sector agencies"
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John, Bourn. Public Sector Auditing. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008.
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Western Australia. Office of the Auditor General. Second Public Sector performance report 2001. West Perth, W.A: Auditor General, 2001.
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Thornhill, C. The public sector manager. Durban: Butterworths, 1995.
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George, Chomiak, i Russell Hamish M, red. Corporate management: The Australian public sector. Sydney, NSW: Hale & Iremonger, 1986.
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Western Australia. Office of the Auditor General. Second public sector performance report 2003. West Perth, W.A: Auditor General, 2002.
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Wanna, John. Public sector management in Australia. South Melbourne: Macmillan, 1992.
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(Australia), Labour Research Centre. Reforming the public sector: A handbook for public sector managers and unionists, 1990. Canberra: Australian Govt. Pub. Service, 1990.
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Western Australia. Office of the Auditor General. Public sector performance report, 1997: Performance examination. West Perth, W.A: Office of the Auditor General, 1997.
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International Federation of Accountants. Public Sector Committee. Governance in the public sector: A governing body perspective : international public sector study. New York: International Federation of Accountants, 2001.
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Australian handbook of public sector management. Crows Nest, N.S.W: Allen & Unwin, 2001.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Public sector agencies"
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Gottschall, Karin, Bernhard Kittel, Kendra Briken, Jan-Ocko Heuer, Sylvia Hils, Sebastian Streb i Markus Tepe. "Energy Regulatory Agencies". W Public Sector Employment Regimes, 167–96. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137313119_6.
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Maggetti, Martino. "Are Regulatory Agencies Delivering What They Promise?" W Governance of Public Sector Organizations, 195–210. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230290600_10.
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Verhoest, Koen, i Per Lægreid. "Organizing Public Sector Agencies: Challenges and Reflections". W Governance of Public Sector Organizations, 276–97. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230290600_14.
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Barbieri, Dario, Paolo Fedele, Davide Galli i Edoardo Ongaro. "Determinants of Result-based Control in Italian Agencies". W Governance of Public Sector Organizations, 133–54. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230290600_7.
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Bach, Tobias. "Policy and Management Autonomy of Federal Agencies in Germany". W Governance of Public Sector Organizations, 89–110. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230290600_5.
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Quenneville, Marie-Ève, Claude Laurin i Nicole Thibodeau. "The Long-run Performance of Decentralized Agencies in Québec". W Governance of Public Sector Organizations, 157–76. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230290600_8.
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Painter, Martin, John P. Burns i Wai-Hang Yee. "Explaining Autonomy in Public Agencies: The Case of Hong Kong". W Governance of Public Sector Organizations, 111–32. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230290600_6.
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Michoud, Bruno, i Manfred Hafner. "Public Policies and Initiatives in the Energy Sector". W Financing Clean Energy Access in Sub-Saharan Africa, 57–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75829-5_4.
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AbstractThis chapter focuses on the public sector and the tools at its disposal to decrease the risk perception in the clean energy sector in sub-Saharan Africa, encompassing policies, regulations and specific initiatives. It particularly targets policy-makers across the region, as well as development institutions supporting government agencies.
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Benagiano, G., G. Perkin i M. Potts. "The Role of Public Sector Agencies in Contraceptive Research and Development". W Female Contraception, 385–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73790-9_38.
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Papanastasiou, Thomas-Nektarios. "The Implications of Political Risk Insurance in the Governance of Energy Projects: Τhe Case of Japan’s Public Insurance Agencies". W Public Actors in International Investment Law, 155–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58916-5_9.
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AbstractBy purchasing political risk insurance (PRI), investors can successfully strengthen their position in the host state, allocating the burden of political risk to third parties (insurance agencies). PRI is provided by international organisations, such as the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) and state-sponsored insurance agencies, known as export credit agencies (ECAs) or public insurance agencies. This chapter focuses on the insurance schemes of NEXI, Japan’s officially sponsored ECA, which plays a dominant role in providing PRI to Japanese nationals. The benefits of insurance agencies providing PRI schemes go beyond cash indemnification. PRI mechanisms include various policy requirements, operational conditions, and performance standards that not only influence the engagement of the insured investors, but also shape the regulatory authority of host governments and affect local communities. PRI plays a particularly crucial role in the governance of energy projects due to the complexity of this sector and its importance to states and local communities. However, there are policy and operational implications of PRI provision in the governance of energy projects with an adverse effect on local communities. In response, most insurance agencies like NEXI, have taken measures for socially and environmentally responsible investments, requiring their insured clients to comply with various social and environmental standards and establishing surveillance mechanisms and in-house grievance facilities. Even if these practices are moving in the right direction, their true functionality and effectiveness have not yet been proved.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Public sector agencies"
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Ho Schar, Cathi. "Toward Public Sector Practice". W 2019 ACSA Teachers Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.teach.2019.55.
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In 2016, the University of Hawaii at Manoa School of Architecture established the University of Hawaii Community Design Center (UHCDC), working in close collaboration with a state legislator to meet the needs of the state government. This unique governmental alignment introduced a novel form of community design that opened up new academic and extramural space for the school and university, taking the form of a top-down public sector practice as distinct from its more common, bottom-up public interest alternative. This paper presents the results of three years of continuous dialogue with the state legislature and over $2 million in contracts with state agencies, by reflecting on the transformative effects of public sector practice on design pedagogy. This reflection follows three case study courses: an undergraduate basic design studio; an undergraduate concentration design studio; and an advanced professional practice course, all required within Hawaii’s undergraduate and graduate curricula. Each case study lists learning, teaching, and long term benefits that flowed from each public sector partnership, focusing on the potential of this model to strengthen and enrich professional education. The evolution of these courses maps the transition from working on projects to working on systems, also a move toward applying equitable academic and design rigor to marginalized project typologies—e.g. utility buildings, infrastructure, renovation, and repair and maintenance. In addition, UHCDC’s contract work represents an expanded field of practice, including social science research, service and strategy design, community engagement, information design, engineering, and development studies, demonstrating the broader disciplinary demands of the public sector. More importantly, the significant dividends from this three year-old public sector practice identifies an opportunity area for architectural education and practice—design in government.
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Akbulut, Deniz, i Birgül Üstünbaş. "The Effect of Covid-19 Pandemic Period on the Organizational Culture of Public Relations Agencies". W COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY CONGRESS. ISTANBUL AYDIN UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17932/ctcspc.21/ctc21.021.
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Covid-19 pandemic has spread to the whole world from Wuhan, China in December, 2019 and seriously changed the daily life. While various measures have been taken to fight against the global pandemic in the whole world, transformations have occurred in business manners in many countries including Turkey. The public relations sector, which is an applied communication discipline managing the communication processes between the organization and target audience, has been affected by this process. Thus, how the pandemic period has affected the business manners of agencies and how the public relations profession has been actualized in agencies have been an object of interest. The main question of this study is how the pandemic period has affected the organizational culture in public relations agencies, and will these effects cause permanent changes in business manners in the agencies after the pandemic. The fact that most people have started making grocery shopping online due to Covid- 19 has increased the share of e-trade in the sector of Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG), which are also known as packaged consumption products. Public relations agencies serving in this sector have accelerated their communication activities especially during the pandemic. A semi-structured interview technique was applied to the representatives of seven public relations agencies serving in the fast moving consumer goods sector within the framework of the questions formed in line with the factors affecting the corporate culture according to Mondy (communication, motivation, leadership, management process, organizational structure and management style) in this study. The study found that hybrid working order (telecommuting/office working) was adopted by agency employees, the concept of office hours disappeared in agencies, the service process became 24/7 by the agency, digital communication tools accelerated the communication processes, and the business capacity of agencies increased. It is observed in line with these factors that pandemic period has caused both positive and negative permanent behavioral changes in the organizational culture of agencies.
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Elpez, Ivana, i Dieter Fink. "Information Systems Success in the Public Sector: Stakeholders' Perspectives and Emerging Alignment Model". W InSITE 2006: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2939.
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There have been many attempts to define Information Systems (IS) success but they have mostly been in the private sector. This paper reviews existing IS success models and then takes into account stakeholders as well as public sector perspectives in conducting qualitative case studies of 3 major Western Australian government agencies. Findings of the study identified key IS success variables relevant to the public sector and characteristics that distinguish the public from the private sector. By aligning success variables with these characteristics, it was possible to conceptualise an early theoretical IS success model for the sector.
4
Lehman, Andrew T., i Daniel Shabat. "How Public Sector Agencies and Governments Responsible for Waste-to-Energy (WTE) Operations Maintain Cost-Effective and Environmentally Sound WTE Operations Through Active Technical, Financial, and Environmental Oversight". W 11th North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec11-1664.
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Whether a given waste-to-energy (WTE) facility is publicly or privately owned and/or operated, and notwithstanding the pluses or minuses of any given Service Agreement or Operations Contract, the public sector can derive great benefit if it establishes a solid understanding of and maintains active oversight role in the technical, financial, and environmental issues associated with WTE project operations. Experience has shown that public sector clients who remain in close touch with the day-to-day operations of these capital intensive operations from the outset also retain a greater measure of influence over the inner workings, as well as the exterior/aesthetic appearances of these capital-intensive waste-processing and disposal facilities. While all parties strive for environmentally sound and safe operations, private sector operators must be concerned with profitability and/or maintaining shareholder value while the public sector entity is more typically focused on ensuring the facility provides reliable disposal services for a heterogeneous wastestream that changes over time, remains a “good corporate neighbor,” and does this at the lowest possible cost to the taxpayers and other facility users.
5
Liutkevicius, Markko, i Sadok Ben Yahia. "The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Job Seeking and Competence Development". W 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002260.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the public and private sectors create new opportunities worldwide. One of such domains where the elements of AI play a critical role are recommendation systems related to finding a new job and offering training suggestions. Based on current literature, only a few attempts are made to implement intelligent recommendation systems in public sector environments such as employment agencies. In this regard, the existing state-of-the-art models should be explored for creating AI-enabled e-services helping unemployed citizens to find suitable jobs or to receive training suggestions based on their profiles. While job recommendation and training suggestion is still a constantly evolving area of research, the task of the current study is to support this research domain by firstly mapping the state-of-the-art AI techniques used in the current job and training recommendation system research literature. Secondly, in collaboration with multiple stakeholders in the Estonian public sector and universities from Latvia and Finland to conceptualize citizen-centered public service architecture that uses AI and is accessible to every European citizen.
6
AL-DABBAGH, Zainab Sarbaz Abdulhameed, i Gökhan GELİŞEN. "The Study of the Use and Application of Design-Build Contracts and Build-Operate-Transfer Contracts in Construction Sector of Turkey". W 4th International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism – Full book proceedings of ICCAUA2020, 20-21 May 2021. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Paşa University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/iccaua2021212n3.
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Design-Build (DB) and Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) contracts are the two types of public-private-partnerships that are widely used in the region that are aimed in this study. The objectives of this study were to analyze and compare DB and BOT projects in terms of project costs and durations. In order to analyze and compare Design-Build (DB) and Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) projects, this study collected data by means of convenient random sampling, from construction projects built by five ministries of Republic of Turkey. Statistical tests were conducted to determine if the metrics related to cost and schedule were significantly different from each other in these two types of projects. The findings of this study will help the public agencies decide what delivery method is best for their projects in terms of controlling costs and schedule. Results show that DB projects outperform BOT projects in terms of cost and schedule. The results of this research will enable governments to become more familiar with comparisons between DB and BOT distribution methods, and the findings will help the ministries to choose swhich delivery method is suitable for use on a project-based.
7
Rangelov, Milena, Heather Dylla i Nadarajah Sivaneswaran. "Using environmental product declarations for green public procurement and life cycle assessment of concrete pavements". W 12th International Conference on Concrete Pavements. International Society for Concrete Pavements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33593/8ziapl8i.
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Environmental impacts of concrete production have been evaluated for more than a decade. As a result, a national program for environmental product declarations (EPDs) of concrete has been initiated. The main objective of this paper is to analyze concrete EPDs produced to date and evaluate their applicability for green public procurement (GPP) and life-cycle assessment (LCA) of concrete pavements. EPDs provide transparent and verified quantification of environmental impacts, calculated per predetermined guidelines, known as Product Category Rules (PCRs). PCRs for concrete were developed through involvement of stakeholders from the building industry; therefore, these PCRs may not be fully applicable to paving concrete. The analysis included over 70 published EPDs and revealed that there are marked variations in underlying data sources and data quality, which hinders comparability of EPDs and use of EPDs for benchmarking. Concrete EPDs were created primarily using proprietary data sources suitable for the private sector. However, in the public sector, the use of proprietary data may be cost-prohibitive for agencies, disable transparency, and present the impediment to wider GPP and LCA adoption. To that end, reliable public datasets offer more promise for the development of paving concrete EPD. This study also compares concrete PCR to that of other paving materials (cement, aggregate, asphalt), all of which were created with no overarching entity. Accordingly, the potential options for harmonization and synergetic use of these EPDs in GPP and pavement LCA are also investigated.
8
Miranda, María del Rosario Landín, Diana Ramírez Hernández i Félix Eduardo Núñez Olvera. "Graduate programs in education, exploring its meaning and significance of training". W Third International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head17.2017.5566.
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In this research, we present an analysis carried out in the city of Poza Rica, state of Veracruz, Mexico on the meaning and significance of education that students attribute to the master programs related to education. We base this work from the Theory of Social Representations of Serge Moscovici (1961) and the Method of Symbolic Interactionism of Herbert Blumer (1969), this research is consistent with the educational policies in the training of professionals, due that from an inductive study with a cualitative perspective, we can do an analysis with more relevance on the impact that the offer of postgraduate has on the training of current professionals. Two study contexts were taken: masters in education offered in the public sector and masters in education offered in the private sector. As well, the agencies that shape the policies for the evaluation of postgraduate programs in Mexico, particularly with emphasis on the CONACYT framework.
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Reese, Paul. "Calibration in Regulated Industries: Federal Agency Use of ANSI Z540.3 and ISO 17025". W NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.21.
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ANSI/NCSL Z540.3-2006 and ISO/IEC 17025:2005 are voluntary consensus standards which prescribe requirements for the calibration of measuring and test equipment and for the technical competency of the performing laboratories. Many agencies in the U.S. which are part of, or regulated by, the Federal Government are required to use instruments which have been calibrated in accordance with one or both of these standards. The National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA) of 1995 compels all federal agencies to use technical standards that are developed by consensus standards bodies, in lieu of "government-unique" standards. ISO 17025 and ANSI Z540.3 have evolved over a half-century of metrological advancement, drawing upon expertise in the public and private sector. They are now supported by a mature infrastructure that facilitates mutual recognition and global trade, ensuring calibrations are accepted worldwide. However, some federal agencies and regulatory bodies in the U.S. have not yet adopted these standards. Calibrations are routinely performed on instruments, utilized in some government-regulated industries, which may not conform to these requirements. This paper discusses risks imparted to products and services produced in such environments. Particular focus is given to the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) regulation of calibration requirements in the Quality System Regulation (QSR) found in Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Currently, a paucity of official guidance exists with respect to what constitutes an acceptable calibration program in medical device and pharmaceutical industries. Ambiguities persist due to lack of agreement upon voluntary consensus standards such as ISO 17025 and ANSI Z540.3. Fundamental requirements such as traceability, measurement uncertainty, measurement decision-rules, as well as basic metrological definitions are ill-defined in the CFR. The objective of this paper is to provide relevant background information and to encourage constructive dialogue between government agencies, standards writing committees, industry partners, and third party assessment/accreditation bodies. Cooperation of this type is consistent with public law and White House policy objectives. Ultimately, such dialogue may foster agreement on the use of these voluntary consensus standards for calibration in regulated industries, resulting in improved quality and reduced risk to consumers and patients.
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DE LOS RÍOS CARMENADO, Ignacio, Maria RIVERA, Carmen García FERRER i Freddy Bolivar Lopez VILLAVICENCIO. "SOURCES OF RESILIENCE IN AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES: LESSONS LEARNT FROM 25 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE IN MURCIA (SPAIN)". W Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.086.
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Resilience is understood as the capacity of rural systems to transform and adapt, and this is key to achieving sustainable rural development. The aim of the research is to study resilience from a cooperative framework based on four concepts: persistence, adaptability, transformation capacity, and learning, and to collect successful strategies that encourage resilience. The research is part of a project called Rethink funded by the European Commission and state agencies of 14 European countries, included in the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) and the ERA-NET RURAGRI. The methodology is structured based on a common analytical framework that holds the four concepts of resilience applied to each of the key stakeholders (cooperative, public sector, private sector and civil society). The case study analyzed is a cooperative that has more than 25 years’ experience in agriculture during which it has demonstrated its capacity for renewal and recovery through its working model. The analysis covers the entire process of the cooperative, from previous experience of farmers, the creation of the company in 2007 to its current projects, focusing not only on market strategies, but also on its strategic vision and research investment, and on values such as trust and respect, on which the cooperative is based.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Public sector agencies"
1
Vlaicu, Razvan. Trust, Collaboration, and Policy Attitudes in the Public Sector. Inter-American Development Bank, maj 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003280.
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This paper examines new data on public sector employees from 18 Latin American countries to shed light on the role of trust in the performance of government agencies. We developed an original survey taken during the first COVID-19 wave that includes randomized experiments with pandemic-related treatments. We document that individual-level trust in coworkers, other public employees, and citizens is positively related to performance-enhancing behaviors, such as cooperation and information-sharing, and policy attitudes, such as openness to technological innovations in public service delivery. Trust is more strongly linked to positive behaviors and attitudes in non-merit-based civil service systems. High-trust and low-trust respondents report different assessments of their main work constraints. Also, they draw different inferences and prefer different policy responses when exposed to data-based framing treatments about social distancing outcomes in their countries. Low-trust public employees are more likely to assign responsibility for a negative outcome to the government and to prefer stricter enforcement of social distancing.
2
Keefer, Philip, Sergio Perilla i Razvan Vlaicu. Research Insights: Public Sector Employee Behavior and Attitudes during a Pandemic. Inter-American Development Bank, lipiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003388.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
New data on public sector employees from 18 Latin American countries shed light on the role of trust in the performance of government agencies. An original survey conducted during the first COVID-19 wave includes randomized experiments with pandemic-related treatments. Individual-level trust in coworkers, other public employees, and citizens is positively related to performance-enhancing behaviors and policy attitudes. High-trust and low-trust respondents report different assessments of their main work constraints. Also, they draw different inferences and prefer different policy responses when exposed to data-based framing treatments about social distancing outcomes in their countries.
3
Adam, Isabelle, Mihály Fazekas, Alfredo Hernandez Sanchez, Peter Horn i Nóra Regös. Integrity Dividends: Procurement in the Water and Sanitation Sector in Latin America and the Caribbean. Redaktorzy Marcello Basani i Jacopo Gamba. Inter-American Development Bank, styczeń 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004688.
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Public procurement represents a large portion of government expenditure, more so in developing economies. Inefficiencies in public expenditures thus place a heavy burden on society. The Water and Sanitation (W&S) sector is especially vulnerable to public procurement inefficiencies due to the capital-intensive and complex nature of large-scale projects such as sewage, pipelines, and general maintenance. Recent studies have found that quality of corporate governance and transparency of water utilities as well as regulatory and supervisory agencies are key drivers of the sectors performance. To support better policies in the W&S sector, this report conducts a sectoral measurement of public procurement integrity using government administrative data and identifies effective interventions for improving the performance of utilities. The following questions are explored: Which types of integrity risk carry the highest economic costs? What are effective policy solutions? Which address the most impactful risks effectively? What are the price savings and project-delay-reducing impacts of such solutions? To this effect, the study analyzes data for six countries in the Latin American & Caribbean region. Several regression models were run to assess which indicators of integrity are good predictors of improved outcomes in terms of price (unit or relative) and quality (delays) of public purchases in the sector.
4
Crossan, Mary, Gerard Seijts, Jeffrey Gandz i Carol Stephenson. Leadership on Trial : A Manifesto for Leadership Development. Richard Ivey School of Business, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/iveypub.44.2010.
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Recent books and articles have analyzed the causes of the global financial and economic crisis of 2007-09. Yet little attention has been paid to the quality of leadership in organizations that were at the epicentre of the storm, were victims of it, avoided it or even prospered from it. In the summer of 2009 a multi-disciplinary group of Ivey faculty decided to look at the leadership dimensions of the recent financial and economic crisis. We started by writing a working paper that laid out our preliminary views. We then engaged more than 300 business, public sector and not-for-profit leaders in small and large groups, as individuals and collectives, to get their reaction to this paper and, more generally, to discuss te role that organizational leadership played before, during and after the crisis. We examined leadership not just in the financial sector but also in many other public and private sector organizations that were affected by the crisis. In a sense, we were putting leadership on trial. Our aim in doing this was not to identify and assign blame. Rather, we examined leadership during this critical period in recent history to learn what we could, and use the learning to improve practice in leadership today and the development of next generation leaders. As we analyzed the role of leadership in this crisis we were faced with one major question: "Would better leadership have made a difference?" Our answer is unequivocal: "Yes!" We recognize that many people could argue it is unfair to criticize leaders whose decisions were based on their knowledge of the situation at the time and which only eventually, with the aid of 20/20 hindsight proved bad. We respect this view but we disagree with it. Some business and public sector leaders predicted better than others the bursting of the housing bubble and financial markets turmoil, positioned their organizations to avoid problems, and coped with them skillfully. Their organizations were not badly damaged by the crisis and some even prospered. Some governments and regulatory agencies' control and monitoring systems were superior to those in the U.S., the U.K., Ireland, Spain, Iceland and other countries that had to bail out their banks and other industries. Our evidence supports the conclusion that these companies, these agencies, these governments and these countries had better leadership. Good leadership mattered then and good leadership will matter in the future. We are presenting our conclusions about what good leadership involves in the form of a public statement of principles - a manifesto that addresses what good leaders do, who they are, and how they can be developed in organizations.
5
Hale, Thomas, Andreas Klasen, Norman Ebner, Bianca Krämer i Anastasia Kantzelis. Towards Net Zero export credit: current approaches and next steps. Blavatnik School of Government, lipiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-wp_2021/042.
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As the world economy rapidly decarbonises to meet global climate goals, the export credit sector must keep pace. Countries representing over two-thirds of global GDP have now set net zero targets, as have hundreds of private financial institutions. Public and private initiatives are now working to develop new standards and methodologies for shifting investment portfolios to decarbonisation pathways based on science. However, export credit agencies (ECAs) are only at the beginning stages of this seismic transformation. On the one hand, the net zero transition creates risks to existing business models and clients for the many ECAs, while on the other, it creates a significant opportunity for ECAs to refocus their support to help countries and trade partners meet their climate targets. ECAs can best take advantage of this transition, and minimise its risks, by setting net zero targets and adopting credible plans to decarbonise their portfolios. Collaboration across the sector can be a powerful tool for advancing this goal.
6
Máñez Costa, Maria, Amy M. P. Oen, Tina-Simone Schmid Neset, Loius Celliers, Mirko Suhari, Jo-Ting Huang-Lachmann, Rafael Pimentel i in. Co-production of Climate Services : A diversity of approaches and good practice from the ERA4CS projects (2017–2021). Linköping Univeristy Electronic Press, luty 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/9789179291990.
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This guide presents a joint effort of projects funded under the European Research Area for Climate Services (ERA4CS) (http://www.jpi-climate.eu/ERA4CS), a co- funded action initiated by JPI Climate with co-funding by the European Union (Grant 690462), 15 national public Research Funding Organisations (RFOs), and 30 Research Performing Organisations (RPOs) from 18 European countries. This guide sets out to increase the understanding of different pathways, methods, and approaches to improve knowledge co-production of climate services with users as a value-added activity of the ERA4CS Programme. Reflecting on the experiences of 16 of the 26 projects funded under ERA4CS, this guide aims to define and recommend good practices for transdisciplinary knowledge co-production of climate services to researchers, users, funding agencies, and private sector service providers. Drawing on responses from ERA4CS project teams to a questionnaire and interviews, this guide maps the diversity of methods for stakeholder identification, involvement, and engagement. It also conducts an analysis of methods, tools, and mechanisms for engagement as well as evaluation of co-production processes. This guide presents and discusses good practice examples based on the review of the ERA4CS projects, identifying enablers and barriers for key elements in climate service co-production processes. These were: namely (i) Forms of Engagement; (ii) Entry Points for Engagement; and, (iii) Intensity of Involvement. It further outlines key ingredients to enhance the quality of co-producing climate services with users and stakeholders. Based on the analysis of the lessons learned from ERA4CS projects, as well as a review of key concepts in the recent literature on climate service co-production, we provide a set of recommendations for researchers, users, funders and private sector providers of climate services.
7
Lazonick, William, Philip Moss i Joshua Weitz. The Unmaking of the Black Blue-Collar Middle Class. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, maj 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp159.
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In the decade after the Civil Rights Act of 1964, African Americans made historic gains in accessing employment opportunities in racially integrated workplaces in U.S. business firms and government agencies. In the previous working papers in this series, we have shown that in the 1960s and 1970s, Blacks without college degrees were gaining access to the American middle class by moving into well-paid unionized jobs in capital-intensive mass production industries. At that time, major U.S. companies paid these blue-collar workers middle-class wages, offered stable employment, and provided employees with health and retirement benefits. Of particular importance to Blacks was the opening up to them of unionized semiskilled operative and skilled craft jobs, for which in a number of industries, and particularly those in the automobile and electronic manufacturing sectors, there was strong demand. In addition, by the end of the 1970s, buoyed by affirmative action and the growth of public-service employment, Blacks were experiencing upward mobility through employment in government agencies at local, state, and federal levels as well as in civil-society organizations, largely funded by government, to operate social and community development programs aimed at urban areas where Blacks lived. By the end of the 1970s, there was an emergent blue-collar Black middle class in the United States. Most of these workers had no more than high-school educations but had sufficient earnings and benefits to provide their families with economic security, including realistic expectations that their children would have the opportunity to move up the economic ladder to join the ranks of the college-educated white-collar middle class. That is what had happened for whites in the post-World War II decades, and given the momentum provided by the dominant position of the United States in global manufacturing and the nation’s equal employment opportunity legislation, there was every reason to believe that Blacks would experience intergenerational upward mobility along a similar education-and-employment career path. That did not happen. Overall, the 1980s and 1990s were decades of economic growth in the United States. For the emerging blue-collar Black middle class, however, the experience was of job loss, economic insecurity, and downward mobility. As the twentieth century ended and the twenty-first century began, moreover, it became apparent that this downward spiral was not confined to Blacks. Whites with only high-school educations also saw their blue-collar employment opportunities disappear, accompanied by lower wages, fewer benefits, and less security for those who continued to find employment in these jobs. The distress experienced by white Americans with the decline of the blue-collar middle class follows the downward trajectory that has adversely affected the socioeconomic positions of the much more vulnerable blue-collar Black middle class from the early 1980s. In this paper, we document when, how, and why the unmaking of the blue-collar Black middle class occurred and intergenerational upward mobility of Blacks to the college-educated middle class was stifled. We focus on blue-collar layoffs and manufacturing-plant closings in an important sector for Black employment, the automobile industry from the early 1980s. We then document the adverse impact on Blacks that has occurred in government-sector employment in a financialized economy in which the dominant ideology is that concentration of income among the richest households promotes productive investment, with government spending only impeding that objective. Reduction of taxes primarily on the wealthy and the corporate sector, the ascendancy of political and economic beliefs that celebrate the efficiency and dynamism of “free market” business enterprise, and the denigration of the idea that government can solve social problems all combined to shrink government budgets, diminish regulatory enforcement, and scuttle initiatives that previously provided greater opportunity for African Americans in the government and civil-society sectors.
8
Dzebo, Adis, i Kevin M. Adams. The coffee supply chain illustrates transboundary climate risks: Insights on governance pathways. Stockholm Environment Institute, kwiecień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.002.
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The interconnections between countries in a globalizing world continue to deepen and are central to the modern international economy. Yet, governance efforts to build resilience to the adverse risks and impacts of climate change are highly fragmented and have not sufficiently focused on these international dimensions. Relationships between people, ecosystems and economies across borders change the scope and nature of the climate adaptation challenge and generate climate risks that are transboundary (Challinor et al., 2017). Climate impacts in one country can create risks and opportunities – and therefore may require adaptation – in other countries, due to cross-border connectivity within regions and globally (Hedlund et al., 2018). These Transboundary Climate Risks (TCRs) may develop in one location remote from the location of their origin. This dynamic necessitates examining the governance structures for managing climate change adaptation. For example, with regard to trade and international supply chains, climate change impacts in one location can disrupt local economies and vulnerable people’s livelihoods, while also affecting the price, quality and availability of goods and services on international markets (Benzie et al., 2018). Coffee is one of the most traded commodities in the world with an immensely globalized supply chain. The global coffee sector involves more than 100 million people in over 80 countries. Coffee production and the livelihoods of smallholder coffee farmers around the world are at risk due to climate change, threatening to disrupt one of the world’s largest agricultural supply chains. The coffee supply chain represents an important arena for public and private actors to negotiate how resource flows should be governed and climate risks should be managed. Currently, neither governments nor private sector actors are sufficiently addressing TCRs (Benzie & Harris, 2020) and no clear mandates exist for actors to take ownership of this issue. Furthermore, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the main body for climate change policy and governance, does not provide any coherent recommendations on how to manage TCRs. This governance gap raises questions about what methods are likely to effectively reduce climate risk and be taken seriously by coffee market stakeholders. This policy brief explores different ways to govern TCRs, and how public and private actors view their effectiveness and legitimacy. Focusing on the Brazilian-German coffee supply chain, the brief presents a deductive framework of five governance pathways through which TCRs could be managed. It is based on 41 semi-structured interviews with 65 Brazilian and German public and private experts, including roasters, traders, cooperatives, associations and certification schemes, as well as government ministries, international development agencies, international organizations and civil society representatives.
9
Robinson, Andy. Monitoring and Evaluation for Rural Sanitation and Hygiene: Framework. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), grudzień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.027.
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The monitoring and evaluation (M&E) Guidelines and Framework presented in this document (and in the accompanying M&E Indicator Framework) aim to encourage stakeholders in the rural sanitation and hygiene sector to take a more comprehensive, comparable and people focused approach to monitoring and evaluation. Many M&E frameworks currently reflect the interests and ambitions of particular implementing agencies – that is, community-led total sanitation (CLTS) interventions focused on open-defecation free (ODF) outcomes in triggered communities; market-based sanitation interventions focused on the number of products sold and whether sanitation businesses were profitable; and sanitation finance interventions reporting the number of facilities built using financial support. Few M&E frameworks have been designed to examine the overall sanitation and hygiene situation – to assess how interventions have affected sanitation and hygiene outcomes across an entire area (rather than just in specific target communities); to look at who (from the overall population) benefitted from the intervention, and who did not; to report on the level and quality of service used; or examine whether public health has improved. Since 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have extended and deepened the international monitoring requirements for sanitation and hygiene. The 2030 SDG sanitation target 6.2 includes requirements to: • Achieve access to adequate sanitation and hygiene for all • Achieve access to equitable sanitation and hygiene for all • End open defecation • Pay special attention to the needs of women and girls • Pay special attention to those in vulnerable situations The 2030 SDG sanitation target calls for universal use of basic sanitation services, and for the elimination of open defecation, both of which require M&E systems that cover entire administration areas (i.e. every person and community within a district) and which are able to identify people and groups that lack services, or continue unsafe practices. Fortunately, the SDG requirements are well aligned with the sector trend towards system strengthening, in recognition that governments are responsible both for the provision of sustainable services and for monitoring the achievement of sustained outcomes. This document provides guidelines on the monitoring and evaluation of rural sanitation and hygiene, and presents an M&E framework that outlines core elements and features for reporting on progress towards the 2030 SDG sanitation target (and related national goals and targets for rural sanitation and hygiene), while also encouraging learning and accountability. Given wide variations in the ambition, capacity and resources available for monitoring and evaluation, it is apparent that not all of the M&E processes and indicators described will be appropriate for all stakeholders. The intention is to provide guidelines and details on useful and progressive approaches to monitoring rural sanitation and hygiene, from which a range of rural sanitation and hygiene duty bearers and practitioners – including governments, implementation agencies, development partners and service providers – can select and use those most appropriate to their needs. Eventually, it is hoped that all of the more progressive M&E elements and features will become standard, and be incorporated in all sector monitoring systems.
10
Robinson, Andy. Monitoring and Evaluation for Rural Sanitation and Hygiene: Framework. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), grudzień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.025.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The monitoring and evaluation (M&E) Guidelines and Framework presented in this document (and in the accompanying M&E Indicator Framework) aim to encourage stakeholders in the rural sanitation and hygiene sector to take a more comprehensive, comparable and people focused approach to monitoring and evaluation. Many M&E frameworks currently reflect the interests and ambitions of particular implementing agencies – that is, community-led total sanitation (CLTS) interventions focused on open-defecation free (ODF) outcomes in triggered communities; market-based sanitation interventions focused on the number of products sold and whether sanitation businesses were profitable; and sanitation finance interventions reporting the number of facilities built using financial support. Few M&E frameworks have been designed to examine the overall sanitation and hygiene situation – to assess how interventions have affected sanitation and hygiene outcomes across an entire area (rather than just in specific target communities); to look at who (from the overall population) benefitted from the intervention, and who did not; to report on the level and quality of service used; or examine whether public health has improved. Since 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have extended and deepened the international monitoring requirements for sanitation and hygiene. The 2030 SDG sanitation target 6.2 includes requirements to: • Achieve access to adequate sanitation and hygiene for all • Achieve access to equitable sanitation and hygiene for all • End open defecation • Pay special attention to the needs of women and girls • Pay special attention to those in vulnerable situations The 2030 SDG sanitation target calls for universal use of basic sanitation services, and for the elimination of open defecation, both of which require M&E systems that cover entire administration areas (i.e. every person and community within a district) and which are able to identify people and groups that lack services, or continue unsafe practices. Fortunately, the SDG requirements are well aligned with the sector trend towards system strengthening, in recognition that governments are responsible both for the provision of sustainable services and for monitoring the achievement of sustained outcomes. This document provides guidelines on the monitoring and evaluation of rural sanitation and hygiene, and presents an M&E framework that outlines core elements and features for reporting on progress towards the 2030 SDG sanitation target (and related national goals and targets for rural sanitation and hygiene), while also encouraging learning and accountability. Given wide variations in the ambition, capacity and resources available for monitoring and evaluation, it is apparent that not all of the M&E processes and indicators described will be appropriate for all stakeholders. The intention is to provide guidelines and details on useful and progressive approaches to monitoring rural sanitation and hygiene, from which a range of rural sanitation and hygiene duty bearers and practitioners – including governments, implementation agencies, development partners and service providers – can select and use those most appropriate to their needs. Eventually, it is hoped that all of the more progressive M&E elements and features will become standard, and be incorporated in all sector monitoring systems.