Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Public institutions”
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Derlytsia, Andrii. "Institutional environment of public finance". INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, nr 7-8 (2020): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2020.7-8.18.
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Purpose. The aim of the article is research of the institutional environment of public finance and its components in the light of achievements of foreign and domestic economic science. Methodology of research. The following general and special methods are used to achieve this goal: comparative analysis – in assessing alternative approaches to the interpretation of the concept of institution; method of scientific abstraction – in highlighting the essential features of financial institutions and their differences from fiscal institutions; systemic, structural analysis, grouping – in identifying the components of the institutional environment of public finance and structural features of the public sector. Findings. Alternative approaches of institutional theory to the interpretation of the concept of institution are considered. A compromise application the interpretation of institutions in the approaches of D. North and O. Williamson to the sphere of public finance has been made. The components of the institutional environment of public finance are distinguished: institutions (norms, rules), institutional units (organizations, structures), transactions (interaction, relations). The institutional structure of the public sector is considered. The principle of “presumption of inefficiency” as a key one in the institutional analysis of the sphere of public finance is outlined. Originality. The paper substantiates the components of the institutional environment of public finance by clearly outlining the semantic use of the terms “institution” and “institutions” in relation to this area. Practical value. The approaches to the interpretation of the concepts “financial institutions”, “institutional environment”, “public sector” proposed in the research, will contribute to the development of a unified approach in the domestic institutional theory. Key words: public finance, financial institutions, fiscal institutions, institutional environment, institutional units, public sector, transactions.
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Purcell, Keelin Blaith, Robert E. Lyons, Lynn D. Dierking i Helen Fischel. "Adolescent Involvement at Public Horticulture Institutions". HortTechnology 20, nr 5 (październik 2010): 915–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.5.915.
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While public gardens typically offer educational programming for adults and elementary school–aged children, many institutions struggle with serving the teenage audience. This study gathered information on the institutional benefits, challenges, and strategies of offering successful programming for youth aged 13–19 years. Institutional members of the American Public Gardens Association were surveyed, followed by case study research at two large institutions and phone interviews with three smaller institutions. Seven institutional benefits emerged, the three foremost being building relationships with new audiences, building interest in horticulture, and supporting the institution's mission and growth. In addition, seven potential challenges were identified, most notably funding, staff time, and adolescent interest. Seven overarching strategies also emerged, highlighting the areas of high quality staff, curriculum, partnerships, youth decision-making, compensation, engaging activities, and evaluation.
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Moore, Erik A., Valerie M. Collins i Lisa R. Johnston. "Institutional Repositories for Public Engagement". Journal of Library Outreach and Engagement 1, nr 1 (26.10.2020): 116–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.jloe.v1i1.472.
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Most higher-education institutions strive to be publicly engaged and community centered. These institutions leverage faculty, researchers, librarians, community liaisons, and communication specialists to meet this mission, but they have largely underutilized the potential of institutional repositories. Academic institutions can use institutional repositories to provide open access and long-term preservation to institutional gray literature, research data, university publications, and campus research products that have tangible, real-world applications for the communities they serve. Using examples from the University of Minnesota, this article demonstrates how making this content discoverable, openly accessible, and preserved for the future through an institutional repository not only increases the value of this publicly-engaged work but also creates a lasting record of a university’s public engagement efforts and contributes to the mission of the institution.
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Thahir, Ali Bin. "The Principle of Public Relations in Leadership in Educational Institutions". International Conference of Moslem Society 3 (12.04.2019): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/icms.2019.2372.
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Leadership within specialized institutions in educational institutions has a very urgent function in facilitating comparative achievements among followers, also providing opportunities for them to develop and innovate. A leader also has an important role in the development of the institution he leads, where the leader becomes an effective communicator that he can actually establish a good communication relationship between personal leaders and followers, as well as those who do not only within the internal relations circle, however, a good relationship must extend beyond the institution's discussion room to the social discussion space around the institution because educational institutions are related to institutions that relate to the surrounding social community. A leader must be able to establish a good relationship between himself, his followers and also the social environment around the institution that might be more focused on the parents of the institution's students, so the principles of public relations must be needed in researchers in educational institutions, because the basis of success in social life is good communication between social individuals.
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Anderson, Heather. "Retreating in/from art institutions". Public 25, nr 50 (1.09.2014): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/public.25.50.59_1.
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Fajriyah, Annisa, i Rayhan Musa Novian. "Management Information of Public Institutions". Record and Library Journal 9, nr 1 (30.06.2023): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/rlj.v9-i1.2023.127-140.
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Background of the study: Information management in an organization or institution, especially for institutions related to public information needs, has an important role. Purpose: This study provides an overview and view of how the information management process is carried out in several public institutions, how it is currently developing, and what factors affect the implementation of information management in each public institution. Method: The method used in compiling this paper is a qualitative descriptive research. Using an interview and literature study with several literatures related to the information management framework implemented in several countries and institutions that the author has carried out himself. Findings: The results of this study provide an understanding of the situation and conditions in each institution in managing its information, so that it can be a view for other institutions in designing and managing information in their own environment. Conclusion: The implementation of information management that occurs in every public body is directly or indirectly influenced by the birth of the Public Information
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Ding, Huang. "An Informal Institutional Analysis of Policy Implementation Hindrances in China". Chinese Public Administration Review 2, nr 1-2 (marzec 2003): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/cpar.v2i1.2.39.
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As the lever by which public authorities regulate social affairs, public policy must function through its implementation. The effectiveness of policy-implementation is affected by many factors, but it fundamentally depends on the institution. For people's behaviors are governed by institutions, and public policy is implemented by people. According to the theory of New Institutional ism, institutions consist of both formal and informal institutions. Based on the theory's explanation of the constraints placed on people's behavior by informal institutions, this paper will explore how informal institutional factors prevent public policies from effective implementation in China, specifically interpersonal relations and the consideration of faces. We must eliminate the negative impacts of informal institutional factors on policy implementation through enforcing hearings, coordinating policies, publicizing policies, strengthening supervision and bettering ideologies.
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Holdaway∗, Edward A. "Institutional Research in Postsecondary Institutions". Journal of Tertiary Education Administration 7, nr 2 (październik 1985): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0157603850070206.
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Hansen, John Mark. "Individuals, Institutions, and Public Preferences over Public Finance". American Political Science Review 92, nr 3 (wrzesień 1998): 513–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2585478.
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This study examines public preferences over deficits, taxes, and spending. Using responses to public opinion questions designed for the purpose, the article assesses the state of preferences as expressed by individuals and as represented in government. One section examines the characteristics of individual preferences—their completeness, consistency, and coherence. Public opinion is remarkably well structured and overwhelmingly partial to the policy status quo. A second section explores the properties of mass preferences as they are aggregated by several different kinds of institutional voting rules. Institutions matter, at least to a point: Consistent institutional differences over federal budget policy trace directly to the diverse means by which institutions represent the public's positions. The conclusion assesses the meaning and import of the public's resistance to budget policy change.
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Ding, Huang. "An informal institutional analysis of policy implementation hindrances in China". Chinese Public Administration Review 2, nr 1/2 (1.11.2016): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/cpar.v2i1/2.39.
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As the lever by which public authorities regulate social affairs, public policy must function through its implementation. The effectiveness of policy-implementation is affected by many factors, but it fundamentally depends on the institution. For people's behaviors are governed by institutions, and public policy is implemente by people. According to the theory of New Institutionalsim, institutions consist of both formal and informal institutions. Based on the theory's explanation of the constratins placed on people's behavior by informal institutions, this paper will explore how informal institutional factos prevent public policies from effective implemetnation in China, specifically interpersonal relations and the consideration of faces. We must eliminate the negative impacts of informal institutional factors on policy implementation through enforcing hearings, coordinating policies, publicizing policies, strengthening supervision and betterign ideologies.
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Audunson, Ragnar, Svanhild Aabø, Roger Blomgren, Hans-Christoph Hobohm, Henrik Jochumsen, Mahmood Khosrowjerdi, Rudolf Mumenthaler i in. "Public libraries as public sphere institutions". Journal of Documentation 75, nr 6 (26.09.2019): 1396–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-02-2019-0015.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of public libraries as institutions underpinning a democratic public sphere as reasons legitimizing libraries compared to reasons that are more traditional and the actual use of libraries as public sphere arenas. Design/methodology/approach A survey of representative samples of the adult population in six countries – Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Germany, Hungary and Switzerland – was undertaken. Findings Legitimations related to the libraries role as a meeting place and arena for public debate are ranked as the 3 least important out of 12 possible legitimations for upholding a public library service. Libraries are, however, used extensively by the users to access citizenship information and to participate in public sphere relevant meetings. Originality/value Few studies have empirically analyzed the role of libraries in upholding a democratic and sustainable public sphere. This study contributes in filling that gap.
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Daniels, Jessica Rose, i Jacqueline N. Gustafson. "Faith-Based Institutions, Institutional Mission, and the Public Good". Higher Learning Research Communications 6, nr 2 (30.06.2016): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.18870/hlrc.v6i2.300.
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Rooted in historical foundations and demonstrated by continued government financial support, one purpose of higher education is to contribute to the “public good,” or support and further social causes and human flourishing. This notion has received renewed attention in both the literature as well as in professional practice. Given the variety of institutional structures (e.g., public, private, religiously affiliated, nonprofit, and proprietary), the influence of institutional mission varies. Yet, aside from institutional leadership, an institution’s mission is potentially most significant in influencing public good. Faith-based higher education institutions often have missions that are inextricably interconnected with service and community engagement. With these missions, faith-based colleges and universities are distinctively positioned to address social issues, engage in service to the local and global community, and to involve students, faculty, and administrators in this shared purpose. These institutions are uniquely accountable and have the greatest potential in this outcome precisely because of their faith commitment that both informs and motivates their policy and practice. In this essay, the role of faith-based institutions of higher education in promoting public good is explored. In addition, an analysis of both opportunities to enhance public good, as well as obstacles and challenges faced are provided.
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Doyle, William R., Jennifer A. Delaney i Blake Alan Naughton. "Institutions Amplifying State Policy:How Public Colleges Award Institutional Aid". Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning 36, nr 4 (lipiec 2004): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00091380409604975.
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Springston, Jeffrey K., i Ruth Ann Weaver Lariscy. "Public Relations Effectiveness in Public Health Institutions". Journal of Health and Human Services Administration 28, nr 2 (czerwiec 2005): 218–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107937390502800207.
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This article explores public relations effectiveness in public health institutions. First, the two major elements that comprise public relations effectiveness are discussed: reputation management and stakeholder relations. The factors that define effective reputation management are examined, as are the roles of issues and crisis management in building and maintaining reputation. The article also examines the major facets of stakeholder relations, including an inventory of stakeholder linkages and key audiences, such as the media. Finally, methods of evaluating public relations effectiveness at both the program level and the institutional level are explored.
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Imhanlahimi, JE, i SAR Ajiteru. "PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS, DEMOCRATIC CONSOLIDATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA: AN EXPLORATORY DISCOURSE OF CHALLENGES". Journal of Public Administration and Development Alternatives 8, nr 1 (1.07.2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55190/auha9046.
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This article undertakes an exploratory analysis of the impediments and optimal approaches to building strong public institutions in Africa, with specific reference to Nigeria, through extensive literature review. Beyond clarifying concepts such as institutions and institutionalisation, the article provides a brief examination of the history of institutions building in Nigeria in order to show that the colonialists deliberately undermined institution building. The main colonial focus was on the exploitation of Africa, extraction of raw materials for the metro-poles, even during the post-independence era. The article identifies challenges to strong public institutions building in Nigeria, which include juxtaposing “weak” (otherwise wrongly styled “strong”) individuals/leaders for strong institutions, primordial issues, godfather syndrome, federal character system and jumbo pay for some public office holders. Basic elements that promote strong public institution building including availability of appropriate rules, authority-based administration, operational transparency and accountability, promotion of security, peace and order, political community, and positive political will and responsible government. Policy recommendations are: the compelling need for deliberate efforts at building strong public institutions in Africa, particularly Nigeria, as the only route to sustainable peace, security and development. Also, weak individuals/leaders should no longer be styled as strong individuals because the latter only operate within, not above institutional rules. Finally, challenges to strong institution building need to be taken care of because they constitute clogs in the wheel of progress. Keywords: Democracy, Development, Government, Institutions, Nigeria
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Becci, Irene. "Zones grises. Diversité religieuse et pouvoir en institution". Social Compass 65, nr 2 (czerwiec 2018): 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037768618768436.
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This article proposes an interpretational strategy allowing us to study religious plurality in a variety of institutions based on the case of penal institutions. The matrix is a synthesis of various recommendations shared by many researchers working on religion in public institutions. To get beyond an approach limiting itself to an institutional, or even organisational, definition of the religious and its representatives and to take the importance of the power issues permeating it in this context into account, the author looks at three aspects: focusing on the religion of various people present in the institution; paying attention to the material and spatial arrangements; taking the ‘symbolic’ dimension of the institution studied into account; from a methodological point of view, making room for an ethnographic approach. Such an approach allows us to grasp the religious in the institution’s ‘grey areas’. This concept is defined and illustrated by the Swiss case.
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Derlytsia, Andrii. "PUBLIC PRODUCTION AND INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM OF FUNCTIONING OF BUDGETARY INSTITUTIONS". Economic discourse, nr 4 (30.12.2020): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36742/2410-0919-2020-4-5.
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Introduction. The study of the functioning of budgetary institutions as producers of public goods and services requires an interdisciplinary view using institutional and transactional analysis, the achievements of the theory of public finance, budget accounting and public administration. Methods. The following methods are used in the article: scientific abstraction in highlighting the essential features of budgetary institutions; comparative analysis, in distinguishing between transaction and transformation costs; systematic approach in explaining the financial, institutional, accounting and management aspects of the functioning of budgetary institutions in the process of public production. Results. Emphasis is placed on the need for conceptual delimitation of budgetary institutions on the basis of their participation in public production into those that directly supply goods and services to the population and those that ensure the functioning of budgetary institutions of the first type. The paper considers the main directions of transactions of budgetary institutions, paying attention to informal transactions and the costs they may cause. It is noted that the total cost of publicly produced products includes both the transformation costs of the budgetary institution - the manufacturer, and transaction costs, which were carried out in stages to the immediate phase of production of goods by budgetary organizations. These are the costs at the stage of public choice (elections, parliamentary activities) and at the stage of its further implementation (functioning of the fiscal entities, treasury system, government borrowing, public procurement, which are transaction costs for budget organizations of the first group). Discussion. According to the author, financial management in the budget sphere should be aimed at assessing and improving the efficiency of public production. This view should be developed in domestic textbooks and academic disciplines. After all, today they are limited to describing the current procedures for planning and implementing estimates, budget funding, without analysing its role in creating value and usefulness for citizens. Keywords: public production, public goods, budgetary institutions, institutional environment, transaction costs, transformation costs, informal transactions.
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Semente, Efigenia Madalena, i Immanuel Jacob Muronga. "The Effects of Organisational Culture on Service Delivery in Public Institutions in Namibia". International Journal of Applied Management Sciences and Engineering 8, nr 1 (styczeń 2021): 52–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijamse.2021010103.
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This study examined the effects of organisational culture on service delivery at public institutions in Namibia. The organisational culture assessment instrument (OCAI) was used to identify the organisational culture type. The study found hierarchy culture to be the dominant culture type. Further, a customer satisfaction survey based on the SERVQUAL metrics was used to measure the client's perception of the reliability, assurance, empathy, tangibles, and responsiveness of the chosen public institution. In total, 106 staff and clients participated in this study. Most of the clients felt that the chosen institution's empathy and assurance in service delivery were unsatisfactory suggesting that the institution's employees neither display a caring attitude nor politeness when dealing with the clients. The study concluded that lack of assurance and empathy from this hierarchical public institution culture type is the possible cause of poor service delivery among public institutions in Namibia since the study found strong relationship between organisational culture and service delivery.
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Röben, Volker. "The Enforcement Authority of International Institutions". German Law Journal 9, nr 11 (1.11.2008): 1965–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200000717.
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One of the most striking features of international institutional law that emerges from the several cases studies collected in this issue is that enforcement authority is now vested in international institutions alongside the more familiar types of public authority almost as a matter of course. Enforcement of international law by international institutions needs to be distinguished from other closely related concepts of public authority that are in turn the subject of closer studies collected in this issues. As discussed by von Bogdandy, Dann and Goldmann, international institutions often dispose of an implementation authority which in turn is subject to a branch of international institutional law. The responsibilities and indeed the authority of international institutions do not stop at the mere implementation of their legal base. However, enforcement involves a categorically different exercise of public authority. It concerns the interaction with another subject of law. Insofar as enforcement essentially empowers an international institution to confront States it deeply interferes with the sovereign's conduct, and its very existence may seem counterintuitive.
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Kosfeld, Michael, Akira Okada i Arno Riedl. "Institution Formation in Public Goods Games". American Economic Review 99, nr 4 (1.08.2009): 1335–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.99.4.1335.
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Sanctioning institutions are of utmost importance for overcoming free-riding tendencies and enforcing outcomes that maximize group welfare in social dilemma situations. We investigate, theoretically and experimentally, the endogenous formation of institutions in public goods provision. Our theoretical analysis shows that players may form sanctioning institutions in equilibrium, including those governing only a subset of players. The experiment confirms that institutions are formed and that it positively affects cooperation and group welfare. However, the data also shows that success is not guaranteed. Players are unwilling to implement equilibrium institutions in which some players have the opportunity to free ride. Our results emphasize the role of fairness in the institution formation process. (JEL C72, D02, H41)
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Weerts, David J. "The Organizational Ecology of State Support for Public Flagship Universities". Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 123, nr 8 (sierpień 2021): 114–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01614681211048631.
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Background/Context: Several studies have investigated state political and economic factors that explain differences in levels of state appropriations for colleges and universities. Few studies have considered how stakeholder beliefs or taken-for-granted assumptions about various institutions may impact budgeting decisions for specific campuses. A gap in the literature remains in understanding how normative agreements about various institutional types—such as public flagship universities—may influence levels of state appropriations for these institutions. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study: This study investigates how levels of state support for research universities might relate to their formal, informal, or even contested status as public flagship institutions. The research question guiding this study is: How might flagship identity relate to differences in levels of state appropriations for public research universities across states? Research Design: This multicase study examines differences in levels of state support for four flagship universities between 1984 and 2004. Case institutions were generated from an analysis of outlier institutions that received lower- or higher-than-predicted levels of appropriations during the two-decade period. Outliers analyzed for this study include the University of Massachusetts-Amherst and University of Virginia (lower-than-predicted support) and the University of Connecticut and the University of Maryland-College Park (higher-than-predicted support). Qualitative data were collected and analyzed to investigate disparities in state support among these four institutions. Findings/Results: This study found that a “flagship ideal” exists across the four cases, which provides meaning for stakeholders as they consider levels of state funding for these institutions. Idealized views of flagships provided advantages to some institutions and disadvantaged others in state budgeting processes during the study period. In addition, normative beliefs about the case institutions were mediated by state culture, politics, and powerful regional influences. Higher education governance structure was less important than cultural and political context in making sense of variations in state support across the institutions. Conclusions/Recommendations: The study suggests that flagship university leaders must be mindful about taken-for-granted assumptions held by key stakeholders and resource providers as they create appeals for state support. Across all institutional types, leaders must be attuned to the historical, cultural, economic, or political factors that shape understandings about their institutions. In addition, leaders must evaluate the influence of allies or foes in shaping the narrative about the institution’s unique identity and need for funding. Strategic leaders leverage their institutional identities and unique governing arrangements in ways that expand resource opportunities.
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Pillay, Soma, P. S. Reddy i Damian Morgan. "Institutional isomorphism and whistle-blowing intentions in public sector institutions". Public Management Review 19, nr 4 (12.05.2016): 423–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2016.1178322.
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Stanton, Thomas H. "Assessing institutional development: The legal framework that shapes public institutions". New Directions for Evaluation 1995, nr 67 (czerwiec 1995): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ev.1005.
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Hubbs, Graham. "Transparency, Corruption, and Democratic Institutions1". Les ateliers de l'éthique 9, nr 1 (9.04.2014): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1024295ar.
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This essay examines some of the institutional arrangements that underlie corruption in democracy. It begins with a discussion of institutions as such, elaborating and extending some of John Searle’s remarks on the topic. It then turns to an examination of specifically democratic institutions; it draws here on Joshua Cohen’s recent Rousseau: A Free Community of Equals. One of the central concerns of Cohen’s Rousseau is how to arrange civic institutions so that they are able to perform their public functions without being easily abused by their members for individual gain. The view that Cohen sketches on behalf of Rousseau offers a clear framework for articulating institutional corruption in democracy. With this account of democratic institutions in place, the essay turns the discussion to the role of transparency in deterring institutional corruption. The basic thought here is perhaps unsurprising: to ensure that a democratic institution is serving its public function and not being manipulated for self-interested gain, its activities must be subject to public scrutiny, and so these activities must be transparent to the public. Saying this makes the role of transparency in a well-functioning democracy clear, but it does not settle how transparency is to be realized. The essay argues that transparency can be realized in a democracy only by an extra-governmental institution that has several of the familiar features of the press. If this is correct, it follows that in its design and in many, though not all, of its activities, WikiLeaks provides a contemporary example of such an institution.
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Lazorenko, L. V., i S. V. Vorobiov. "Social Responsibility of Public Institutions". Statistics of Ukraine 102, nr 3-4 (30.12.2023): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/10.31767/su.3-4(102-103)2023.03-04.10.
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The article discloses the essence of social responsibility of public institutions, defines the basic principles and models of social responsibility, highlights the components of social responsibility of public institutions, including: responsibility in lawmaking; responsibility in providing jobs for the population; responsibility in the field of social development; responsibility in the field of political activity; responsibility in international activities. The content of social responsibility of public institutions is defined, which includes: definition of a clear role and place of a public institution in the structure of the state and society, its social significance; coordination of the activities of public institutions with the task of implementing the functions of the state and local government; understanding of the need to act in full accordance with the interests of the state and society and accepted social requirements and norms; take into account various factors of influence of the external environment on the activities of public institutions in order to ensure their social significance; striving for maximum subordination, a responsible approach to their activities. The social responsibility of public institutions has a significant impact on the level of corruption, human development and the fulfillment of international obligations. The effectiveness of public institutions, including in the aspect of implementing social programs, directly proportionally depends on the availability of a strategy that ensures the development of an approach to planning and implementation of appropriate measures that form their reputation. To increase the importance and importance of social responsibility public institutions need to develop a strategy for the development of social responsibility and the procedure for its implementation, which is based on a combination of certain levels, measures, directions and tools aimed at the development of social responsibility, the basis of which is the social orientation of public institutions. To implement the strategy of social responsibility of public institutions, it is expedient to use the mechanism of integrated management of social responsibility of public institutions, which is a system of interrelated management functions: planning, organization, motivation and control.
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MARCH, JAMES G., i JOHAN P. OLSEN. "Institutional Perspectives on Political Institutions". Governance 9, nr 3 (lipiec 1996): 247–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.1996.tb00242.x.
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PONTUSSON, JONAS. "From Comparative Public Policy to Political Economy". Comparative Political Studies 28, nr 1 (kwiecień 1995): 117–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414095028001007.
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The historical institutionalist tradition in comparative politics commonly assigns analytical primacy to political institutions. Whereas this polity-centeredness may be quite justifiable for purposes of comparative public policy, students of comparative political economy should pay systematic attention not only to economic institutions but also to a range of economic-structural variables that lie beyond the conventional confines of institutional analysis. Providing the basis for an analysis of collective actors and their interests, such an approach is needed to account for institutional change and policy realignments within stable institutions.
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Zahid, Muhammad, i Samina Ashraf. "Perceptions of Special Education Teachers on the Internal Efficacy of Their Institutions: A Comparative Study". Review of Economics and Development Studies 6, nr 4 (31.12.2020): 811–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/reads.v6i4.280.
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Special education institutions are providing services to meet the unique needs of special students. Internal efficacy of any institution determines its effectiveness in terms of its outcomes. The current study was designed to explore the internal efficacy of special education institutions. The population of the study comprised of teachers teaching in the special education institution of the Lahore city. Sample of the study consisted of 200 teachers randomly selected from public and private sector special education institutions, currently performing their duties in the Lahore city. The study was quantitative in its nature conducting with descriptive research design. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect the data from the teachers after getting permission from its author. Initially, the questionnaire was piloted on a small number of participants to ensure its reliability. That was confirmed through Cronbach alpha (.750). After ensuring ethical considerations, researchers collected data by themselves from the teachers. The data were analyzed using SPSS. Results of independent sample t-test show the statistically significant difference between the public and private sector institutions’ internal efficacy. The internal efficacy of public sector special education institutions was better as compared to private sector special education institutions. Majority of the special education teachers serving in public sector institutes ranked the institutional communication, working environment, quality of education and professional support as major determined of internal efficacy of their institutions. The study has recommended that the private sector special education institutions need to enhance their internal efficacy.
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Addahil, Muhammad Ilyas Junaidi. "MANAJEMEN PUBLIC RELATION DALAM MENINGKATKAN PUBLIC INTEREST PADALEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN ISLAM". Indonesian Journal of Islamic Educational Management 2, nr 2 (28.10.2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/ijiem.v2i2.7052.
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Schools and communities are two inseparable environments.School is a place for learning, and society is a place where the output of learning can be implemented. The community is expected to support and participate in developing the educational process in schools. In this case, a strategy or management is needed to involve the community in educational activities in schools. The effort to make it real is to build good relations between school managers and the community so that they work together together and comprehensively. An educational institution should try to create a positive image in the heart of the community, so that the community is able to make a decision to register their sons and daughters and participate actively in the development of these educational institutions. To realize this positive image, in addition to developing quality it also requires productive community relations activities based on clear functions, roles, and visions.The purpose of this study is to assess and obtain a general description of the role of public relations and strategies at Islamic universities in imaging institutions and the image of the institution. This study uses a case study with a qualitative approach, while the theory is symbolic interaction and organizational information.This paper offers an alternative to implementing effective public relations roles and functions and how to apply public relations vision and mission in educational institutions.
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Taylor, Z. W., i Myra C. Barrera. "Documenting a Crisis: How Postsecondary Institutions Addressed DACA Students after Trump's Rescission". Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 121, nr 5 (maj 2019): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811912100508.
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Background/Context On September 5, 2017, U.S. President Donald Trump ordered an end to former President Barack Obama's 2012 immigration policy of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), placing some 800,000 undocumented immigrants—including thousands of postsecondary students—in danger of deportation. Mere hours after President Trump's announcement, postsecondary leaders across the United States began releasing official statements in support of DACA. Aside from a postsecondary institution's extolling of core values, it is important to investigate how these official institutional statements addressed the most critical, at-risk constituency on their college campus: DACA students themselves. Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze post-DACA rescission statements made by executive leaders of U.S. institutions of higher education to learn whether these statements addressed the most important audience of these statements—DACA students—and whether institutions of higher education provided these students the resources they needed in their time of crisis. Research Design The data were collected from each institution of higher education's website from September 5 to September 7, 2017. The sample included 218 official institutional (two-and four-year, public and private) statements made by executive leaders at these institutions. Data analysis included deductive attribute coding and quantitative content analysis techniques such as average word count and grade-level readability measures. Findings The post-DACA rescission statements greatly varied in length (longest = 1,118 words; shortest = 50 words) and were unreadable by postsecondary students of average reading ability, as the average statement was written above the 15th-grade reading level. Only 54% of all statements addressed DACA students, with negligible variance (0.5%) between public and private institutions. Only 51.9% of all statements provided resources for DACA students. Of those statements, 99.1% of resources were institution-provided, whereas 20.4% were community-provided, with private institutions (12.9%) offering more community-provided resources than public institutions (7.5%). Conclusions Institutions of higher education may want to consider best practices when composing crisis communication, primarily that crisis communication should focus on addressing the populations most affected by the crisis. Once the crisis communication is composed, that communication could be audited for its readability by the intended audience. Moreover, institutions of higher education may learn from the Virginia Tech massacre and apply it to their crisis management and communication strategies, namely by providing both institution-based and community-based resources to those most affected by the crisis. Finally, institutions of higher education may consider differentiating their crisis communication across multiple platforms such as social media, email, text message, and their institutional website to ensure that all stakeholders are aware of the potential solutions and resolutions to the crisis, in order to avoid miscommunication and a lack of organizational transparency while maintaining organizational integrity and honesty.
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Chinchilla S, Marco Vinicio. "Nivel de cumplimiento de instituciones públicas costarricenses en elaboración e implementación de los Programas de Gestión Ambiental Institucional". UNED Research Journal 6, nr 2 (3.09.2014): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22458/urj.v6i2.631.
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Level of compliance of Costa Rican public institutions in the elaboration and implementation of Institutional Environmental Management Programs. In Costa Rica, the State is one of the largest buyers and its potential impacts on the environment from resource consumption, waste generation and emissions are considerable. Every Costa Rican public institution is required by MINAE Executive Decree No. 36499 (issued in 2011) to develop and implement an Institutional Environmental Management Program (IEMP) to mitigate and control the impacts resulting from their organizational work. The aim of this study was to analyze the level of compliance of Costa Rican public sector institutions in the elaboration and implementation of the IEMP. Available records were consulted at the Ministry of Environment and Energy (MINAE), dividing the institutions into 4 categories: a) ministries; b) decentralized public sector institutions; c) decentralized territorial public sector; and d) other. An on-site assessment tool was then applied in 44 institutions, to determine the level of implementation. As of March 2013, 36.24% of public institutions had submitted an IEMP, with ministries scoring highest on compliance (83.3%). A higher level of implementation was identified for: adoption of an environmental policy, formalization of committees in charge of environmental management work, and systematization of consumption records. There is a need to strengthen staff training and awareness, along with internal disclosure of the IEMP, and incorporation of environmental criteria into the procurement of goods and services, among others. The mean score for the institutions was 70.16 (on a scale of 0 - 100). No significant difference was found between the categories of institutions (t-Student; p = 0.684). The lack of clarity in the application of punitive mechanisms, the low environmental commitment in many institutions and the lack of resources (human and financial) allocated to environmental actions could be affecting compliance with the decree.
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Kovalova, T. V. "LEGAL INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF PUBLIC GOVERNANCE WITHIN RECENT SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS". 1, nr 1 (29.09.2022): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/1684-8489-2022-1-05.
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The article substantiates the expediency of applying the neoinstitutional approach to the study of legal institutionalization processes under the conditions of social changes, defines the role of legal institutionalization in public governance considering some factors promoting or, on the contrary, hinder effectiveness of legal institutions. The neo-institutional approach is a relevant methodological basis for the study of the development of the legal system under the conditions of social transformations and reforming of state administration. In the concept of formal institutionalization, legal institutionalization means the formation of new legal institutions, the formalization of certain social relations and social ties. However, revealing the essence of legal institutionalization from the formal side is far from the only approach related to the perception of institutionalization as a law-making phenomenon. In opposition to the concept of formalization, ideas about the decisive role of the substantive component in the institutional process are put forward. According to this theory, the creation of legal institutions does not depend on their formal recognition by the legislator. This actually means that legal institutions are formed and developed in parallel with regulative legal acts, but the form of law is not perceived as an indicator of the existence of one or another institution. The basis of institutionalization is the legal relation itself which is combined into certain types based on systemic features In connection to the expansion of the essence of legal regulation, the purpose of legal institutionalization has changed. As a result, it is possible to explain the emergence of numerous institutions which do not have any formal legal consolidation. In order to understand the nature and logic of the development of institutions, it is necessary to study the factors that guide society, citizens, and social groups in their actions, that is, to study institutions. The success of institutionalization mainly depends on national specifics and the state of socio-economic development of the country. The article has a theoretical-methodological character, and the material presented in it can be the basis for the study of legal institutionalization in various spheres of public administration.
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Haak, Wouter, Alberto Zigoni, Helen Kardinaal-de Mooij i Elena Zudilova-Seinstra. "Why is getting credit for your data so hard?" ITM Web of Conferences 33 (2020): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20203301003.
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Institutions, funding bodies, and national research organizations are pushing for more data sharing and FAIR data. Institutions typically implement data policies, frequently supported by an institutional data repository. Funders typically mandate data sharing. So where does this leave the researcher? How can researchers benefit from doing the additional work to share their data? In order to make sure that researchers and institutions get credit for sharing their data, the data needs to be tracked and attributed first. In this paper we investigated where the research data ended up for 11 research institutions, and how this data is currently tracked and attributed. Furthermore, we also analysed the gap between the research data that is currently in institutional repositories, and where their researchers truly share their data. We found that 10 out of 11 institutions have most of their public research data hosted outside of their own institution. Combined, they have 12% of their institutional research data published in the institutional data repositories. According to our data, the typical institution had 5% of their research data (median) published in the institutional repository, but there were 4 universities for which it was 10% or higher. By combining existing data-to-article graphs with existing article-to- researcher and article-to-institution graphs it becomes possible to increase tracking of public research data and therefore the visibility of researchers sharing their data typically by 17x. The tracking algorithm that was used to perform analysis and report on potential improvements has subsequently been implemented as a standard method in the Mendeley Data Monitor product. The improvement is most likely an under-estimate because, while the recall for datasets in institutional repositories is 100%, that is not the case for datasets published outside the institutions, so there are even more datasets still to be discovered.
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Amaral, Alberto, i António Magalhães. "Access Policies: Between Institutional Competition and the Search for Equality of Opportunities". Journal of Adult and Continuing Education 15, nr 2 (listopad 2009): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147797140901500203.
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Portuguese higher education can be characterised as a mass system, as the total gross participation rate in universities and polytechnics, public and private, is over 50 per cent. Recently, under the simultaneous pressure of demographic decreasing of the population potentially involved with higher education and financial stringency, higher education institutions, both public and private, have started to compete for students, while responding to an increasing social demand for more diversified higher education. The government and higher education institutions are being challenged to widen access to higher education to improve the country's educational and economic performance, with the objective of attracting new publics and students from a broader range of social backgrounds. In the public sector, the competition for students is being mainly felt in the polytechnic sector, but it is in the private sector, both universities and polytechnics, that the need to recruit more students is felt more intensely. The Portuguese government, allegedly to enhance the equality of opportunities in the access to higher education and to attract new publics, has recently broadened the area of recruitment of the special contingent of adult students who have not completed secondary education courses, by lowering the qualification age from 25 years to 23 years old, and has completely deregulated the system by allocating to each institution the responsibility for the selection of adult students. This paper intends, firstly, to contextualise this governmental action in the framework of the access policies, that, since the beginning of the 2000s, can be characterised as offering not only ‘more’ higher education but also ‘more diverse’ higher education; secondly, to identify the strategies that Portuguese higher education institutions are deploying to meet institutional needs (meaning institutions’ own good) and the political goals assigned by the government; finally, to identify differences of institutional reactions according to their public or private nature and university or polytechnic identity.
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Guzman-Alvarez, Alberto, i Lindsay C. Page. "Disproportionate Burden: Estimating the Cost of FAFSA Verification for Public Colleges and Universities". Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 43, nr 3 (12.04.2021): 545–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/01623737211001420.
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Verification is a federally mandated process that requires selected students to further attest that the information reported on their Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) is accurate and complete. In this brief, we estimate institutional costs of administrating the FAFSA verification mandate and consider variation in costs by institution type and sector. Using data from 2014, we estimate that compliance costs to institutions in that year totaled nearly US$500 million with the burden falling disproportionately on public institutions and community colleges, in particular. Specifically, we estimate that 22% of an average community college’s financial aid office operating budget is devoted to verification procedures, compared with 15% at public 4-year institutions. Our analysis is timely, given that rates of FAFSA verification have increased in recent years.
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Proda, Anisa. "THE CAUSES OF LOSING TRUST IN THE GOVERNMENT IN RECENT YEARS IN ALBANIA". CBU International Conference Proceedings 4 (22.09.2016): 378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v4.783.
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As the last country in Europe to overthrow the communist regime, Albania has much to achieve in the legal system to build a full democracy. A government should be relied upon to create the necessary reforms to move a country out of transition. The governmental structure can either accelerate or prevent the country’s transition towards a market economy. The other pillar of society that reflects institutional performance is the country’s citizens. Trust is a factor that connects citizens with institutions. The main purpose of this research is to identify causes for citizens to lose their confidence in public institutions. The analysis, supported by quantitative data, aims to show the level of trust that citizens bestow to the most important Albanian public institutions. An Institution for Democracy and Mediation poll and this study’s results of meetings with focus groups were used to illustrate the public’s confidence in the governmental institutions, and to explore the causes of the citizen’s attitude towards the public institutions and their service in Albania.
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Alao, Oluwaseyi Olalekan, i Godwin Onajite Jagboro. "Assessment of causative factors for project abandonment in Nigerian public tertiary educational institutions". International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation 35, nr 1 (10.04.2017): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbpa-07-2016-0016.
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Purpose Abandonment of construction projects is still a burning issue in Nigeria. Beside the poor financing of educational infrastructure, abandonment of construction projects remains a significant contributor to the inadequacy of facilities in Nigerian public tertiary educational institutions. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to assess the causes of abandoned projects specific to public institutions of tertiary education in Nigeria, with a view to providing empirical data that are generalizable to enhancing successful delivery of teaching and research facilities. Design/methodology/approach Primary data used for the study were obtained through questionnaires administered to 47 professionals comprising 8 architects, 12 mechanical and electrical engineers, 15 civil/structural engineers, 4 builders and 8 quantity surveyors who were involved in physical development of construction projects in public tertiary educational institutions in Osun State. The data were analyzed using mean analysis, factor analysis and the Kruskal-Wallis (K-W) test. Findings The factors most significant to abandonment of tertiary educational institutional projects were delayed payments, fund mismanagement, inadequate budgetary allocation, inadequacy of finance, inflation and bankruptcy of the contractor. Findings also showed that not all factors causing abandonment were significant to tertiary institutional projects. The significant factors clustered under stakeholders’ response capacity, poor financial management, inadequate planning and monitoring, and unexpected occurrences. The K-W test showed significant differences among the categories of tertiary institutions on the ranking of the most significant causes of abandoned projects. Research limitations/implications The study was limited to public tertiary educational institutions in Osun State. Further studies could focus on public health institution projects and private tertiary educational projects to improve the body of knowledge on the subject of causative factors for project abandonment. Practical implications The study provided implications for effective contract management of public tertiary educational institutional projects, which is a significant step to improving the available teaching and research facilities in Nigerian tertiary institutions. Originality/value The study provides implications for effective contract management systems of projects for public tertiary educational institutions, thereby improving the available teaching and research facilities.
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Ali, Habib Mohammad, Shima Saniei, Patrick O'Leary i Jennifer Boddy. "Activist public relations in developing contexts where rules and norms collide: insights from two activist organizations against gender-based violence in Bangladesh". Journal of Communication Management 26, nr 2 (27.04.2022): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcom-09-2021-0101.
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PurposeThis study aims to broaden the understanding of activist public relations in developing contexts. The power of formal laws and policies in developing contexts diminishes by traditional norms and authorities, and therefore, a great deal of activist public relations efforts is devoted to controlling destructive norms and informal authorities. Activist public relations literature often assumes powerful formal institutions that are capable to control behaviors. The authors challenge this assumption by exploring activist public relations against gender-based violence (GV) in Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approachThis study took an interpretative and social constructionist approach to examine public relations practices of two GV activist organizations in Bangladesh. The data were collected through observation, interviews and document analysis of four campaigns. The data were coded in NVivo.FindingsThe data show that the activist organizations used public relations campaigns for informal institutional work. The campaigns included educating various publics and storytelling to build supporting identities, norms and networks to address GV in Bangladesh.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has been limited to advocacy campaign of the non-governmental organizations.Practical implicationsThe knowledge from this study can be applied to the social development sectors where public relations is used to activate activism. In addition, the public relations practitioners and scholars can find how activists public relations is emerging in developing context.Originality/valueThe findings suggest that activist public relations in developing contexts carry out institutional work and create informal institutions to compensate for the formal institutional voids. In addition, this paper highlights the role of public relations in institutional work, to create and maintain contributory institutions or disrupt disturbing institutions.
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Glenn, Frank S. "The Retention of Black Male Students in Texas Public Community Colleges". Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice 5, nr 2 (sierpień 2003): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/gyeu-wwer-n8w7-xtbk.
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The purposes of this study were to ascertain which Texas public community colleges have been able to graduate the highest percentages of black males and to analyze the factors contributing to that achievement. An institutional questionnaire was developed, designed to elicit information regarding policies and/or practices directly related to the retention of black male students and mailed to each college in the top and bottom quartiles. On-site case studies were conducted at one institution each from the top and bottom quartiles. The focus of the case studies was to examine the setting, policies, procedures, programs, and culture of each campus for clues concerning their black male retention rate. Data collection was from interviews, observations, and collection of institutional artifacts. This study identified several retention strategies that differentiate institutions in the top quartile of black, male student graduation rate from institutions in the bottom quartile.
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Saleh Alkhayyal Alteneiji, Eman. "Public Relations in health institutions". المجلة العربیة لبحوث الاعلام والاتصال 2021, nr 32 (1.01.2021): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jkom.2021.170787.
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Jošt, Marek. "AUDIT OF PUBLIC RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS". Acta academica karviniensia 19, nr 4 (10.09.2020): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25142/aak.2019.022.
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Žigman, Ante, Tomislav Ridzak i Mirna Dumičić Jemrić. "Crisis management in public institutions". Management 26, Special Issue (22.07.2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30924/mjcmi.26.si.1.
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Crisis management in the context of public institutions is particularly important, due to the extremely large possible impact of the consequences of systemic crises on society as a whole. Suboptimal or too slow decisions of public institutions usually affect a much wider set of people, entities, and economic and financial developments than when it comes to crisis management in individual companies, even if they are systemically important. This paper focuses on the activities of the Croatian National Bank and the Croatian Financial Services Supervisory Agency in dealing with the crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic and presents the most important activities of the government, government agencies, and commercial banks that have had an impact on financial stability. The analytical part of the paper presents the effect of trading suspension on the Zagreb Stock Exchange on 12th March 2020 and its implications on the market. Although it is still too early to make final assessments, given the course of the pandemic, the available data suggest that the activities of domestic institutions have so far been effective in maintaining financial stability in Croatia.
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Camiñas-Hernández, Tasio. "Science popularization from public institutions". Comunicar 10, nr 19 (1.10.2002): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c19-2002-13.
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In this paper it´s being analyzed how public institutions are trying to cope with an important aspect for the social development: the communication and the popularization of the scientific and technician knowledges. The paper states how, in fact, the publ En este trabajo se analiza cómo se está abordando desde las instituciones públicas un aspecto tan importante para el desarrollo social como es la comunicación y la divulgación de los conocimientos científicos y técnicos. El autor estima que, en realidad, no existe una firme voluntad desde las administraciones públicas por dar a conocer y explicar los avances científico-técnicos a la sociedad y, cuando se toman algunas iniciativas, éstas responden más a campañas de imagen de los políticos en el poder que a un verdadero afán por desarrollar en la sociedad española este tipo de conocimientos.
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Wedeen, Richard P. "ETHICS IN PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTIONS". American Journal of Public Health 92, nr 12 (grudzień 2002): 1884–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.92.12.1884.
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International Monetary Fund. "Microfinance Institutions and Public Policy". IMF Working Papers 02, nr 159 (2002): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451857689.001.
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Boin, Arjen, i Tom Christensen. "The Development of Public Institutions". Administration & Society 40, nr 3 (21.02.2008): 271–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399707313700.
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Rector, Perry, i Brian H. Kleiner. "Creating productivity in public institutions". Management Research News 25, nr 3 (marzec 2002): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01409170210783098.
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Chatterjee, Elizabeth. "Rethinking public institutions in India". Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 56, nr 3 (22.05.2018): 397–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14662043.2018.1472178.
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Hardy, Daniel, Paul Holden i Vassili Prokopenko. "Microfinance institutions and public policy". Journal of Policy Reform 6, nr 3 (wrzesień 2003): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1350485032000175637.
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Fischer, Anna B., Birgit Bigalke, Caroline Herr i Thomas Eikmann. "Pest control in public institutions". Toxicology Letters 107, nr 1-3 (czerwiec 1999): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00033-8.
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