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1
Bird, Julia. "Essays on the Economics of Infrastructure and Public Investment." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU10054.
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Dans cette thèse, je présente trois essais qui traitent de diverses questions liées aux investissements publics. Tout d'abord, dans le premier chapitre, est examiné l'impact des politiques de Partenariats Publics-Privés. Les gouvernements et organisations internationales promeuvent souvent les Partenariats Publics-Privés comme moyen de limiter les investissements en infrastructure entrepris à des fins électorales. Utilisant un modèle théorique simple, je montre que cet avantage des Partenariats Publics-Privés n’est pas, en fait, vérifié. Trois types de contrats de Partenariat Public-Privé potentiels sont présentés et les problématiques liées à chaque type de contrat sont mis en évidence. Dans le deuxième chapitre, un travail en collaboration avec Margaret Leighton (TSE), j'examine les transferts intergouvernementaux au Brésil et me demande si ceux-ci conduisent à une augmentation des dépenses gouvernementales locales ou au contraire s’ils les évincent. J'utilise une variation exogène du niveau des transferts qu'une municipalité reçoit pour prouver que, contrairement à la théorie de l’évincement des dépenses locales, le gouvernement local augmente les recettes fiscales suite à une augmentation des transferts et déclenche à son tour des dépenses locales, et en particulier des dépenses d’investissement. Cet effet varie selon la richesse de la municipalité, les municipalités les plus pauvres augmentant notamment leurs dépenses sociales, mais pas selon le pouvoir politique de l'administration municipale locale. Je constate également qu'une augmentation des dépenses locales due aux transferts a des effets directs sur les ressources éducatives, indiquant que l'argent reçu par l'intermédiaire de ce canal n’est pas dépensé inefficacement.Enfin, dans le troisième chapitre, laissant de côté les décisions politiques inhérentes au processus de provision d'infrastructures, j'examine les résultats d'un tel investissement. En collaboration avec Stéphane Straub (TSE), nous utilisons une expérience naturelle, la construction d'une nouvelle capitale au Brésil, Brasilia, et la construction ultérieure d'autoroutes radiales qui la connectent à des villes importantes préexistantes, pour montrer que la construction d'autoroutes a un impact substantiel sur le PIB et les populations. Ces effets sont hétérogènes ; selon que la municipalité nouvellement raccordée se connecte à une ville industrialisée, plus riche, bien desservie, ou à uneville plus pauvre et moins développée, les effets sont différents. Dans le nord, de nouvelles autoroutes conduisent à une augmentation du PIB et de la population des municipalités près de l'autoroute, parce que ces zones accèdent à des marchés plus vastes et deviennent des centres secondaires de l'activité économique. Dans le sud, cependant, pour les municipalités à quelques centaines de kilomètres de leur capitale d'Etat, une nouvelle connexion réduit le PIB et la population, car l'activité économique se déplace vers les grandes agglomérations préexistantes<br>In this thesis, I provide three essays which address various issues related public investment. Firstly, in chapter one, I look at the impact of politics on the use of Public-Private Partnerships. I use a simple theoretical model to show that while international organisations and governments globally often promote Public-Private Partnerships as a means to limit pork barrel politics in infrastructure investments, this assumed advantage of Public-Private Partnerships does not in fact exist. I discuss different types of potential Public-Private Partnership contracts, and show in turn the issues with each of these contract types. In the second chapter, joint work with Margaret Leighton (TSE) I examine intergovernmental transfers in Brazil, and whether these lead to increases in local level government spending or whether they crowd-out local expenditures. I use exogenous variation in the level of transfer a municipality receives to find that as opposed to the theory of crowding-out, increased transfers actually lead to crowding in; the local government increases tax revenues following an increase in transfers, and in turn raises spending, particularly capital spending. This effect varies according to the wealth of the municipality, with poorer municipalities increasing particularly their social spending, however it notably does not vary according to the political power of the local municipal government. I also observe that increased local spending through transfers has direct effects on local outcomes, indicating that money received through this channel is not lost to inefficiencies in spending. This is documented in educational spending and resultant outcomes. Finally in chapter three, leaving the political decisions involved in infrastructure provision aside, I examine the outcomes of such investment. In joint work with Stéphane Straub (TSE), we use a natural experiment, the building of a new capital in Brazil, Brasília, and the subsequent construction of radial highways to connect it to pre-existing important towns, to show that the building of highways has substantial impacts on GDP and populations. These effects are heterogeneous, and in Brazil the effects vary according to whether the newly connected municipality connects to an industrialised, richer, well-serviced city, or a poorer, less developed city. In the North, new highway connections lead to increased GDP and populations for municipalities near the highway, as these areas gain access to wider markets and become secondary centres of economic activity. In theSouth, however, for municipalities within a few hundred kilometres of their state capital, a new highway connection leads to reduced GDP and population, as economic activity appears to shift towards the major pre-existing agglomerations. These centres are large and developed enough to have substantial economic activity and widespread provision of local services
2
Van, den Heever Annemie. "Field public space infrastructure." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02162007-161618.
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Bowler, Sarah. "Public Attitudes and Transport Infrastructure : Implications of Public Attitudes for Transport Infrastructure Investment." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4049.
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In light of future public spending on public transport, a survey was designed to study public
attitudes towards bus and rail systems, the trust invested in their infrastructure, and the
perceptions regarding value added by the amenity to real estate. A sample of N=396
respondents from the Lower Hutt and Eastbourne areas of Wellington, New Zealand were
divided into three groups; Waterloo, a high public transport access area for the collection
attitude data; The two remaining areas Petone/Eastbourne, and Woburn were manipulation
cites, where rail access was either removed or introduced in a hypothetical scenario. Results
showed more positive, and universal attitudes towards rail, while attitudes to bus were
influenced by a number of demographic measures. Revealed preferences showed a
disinclination to use the bus when rail is available. Respondent showed greater trust in the
stability of rail over bus infrastructure. Reactions towards the rail removal scenario were
negative; house prices were expected to decrease. Reactions to the rail inclusion scenario were
ambivalent, when they were expected to be positive. Loss aversion is cited as a possible
explanation for this pattern of results. Recommendations are made for a reduced priority on
bus development within rail serviced areas, and further research to confirm results.
4
Bakhteyari, Karim. "Public Private Partnerships : As a public infrastructure optimizer." Thesis, Mälardalen University, Department of Public Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-734.
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<p>A public private partnership is an alternative to procurement of the facility by the public sector, using funding from tax revenues or public borrowing. In a typical public sector procurement, the public authority sets out the specifications and design of the facility, calls for bids on the basis if this detailed design, and pays for construction of the facility by a private sector contractor. The public authority has to fund the full cost of construction, including cost overruns. Operation and maintenance of the facility are handled by the public authority and the contractor takes no responsibility for the long term performance of the facility after the construction warranty period has expired. In a public private partnership, on the other hand, the authority specifies its requirements in terms of outputs, which set out the public services which the facility is intended to provide, but which do not specify how these are to be provided. It is then left to the private sector to design, finance, build and operate the facility to meet the longterm output specifications. The project company receives payments over the life of the PPP contract, which are supposed to repay the financing costs and give a return to investors. The payments are subject to deductions for failure to meet output specifications, and there is no extra allowance for cost overruns which happen during construction or in operation of the facility.</p>
5
Blood, Jessica, and jessica blood@rushwright com. "Landscape as Infrastructure." RMIT University. Architecture and Design, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080130.095737.
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This research is an investigation into the phrase 'landscape as infrastructure' and questions the influence of this notion in the design of new housing developments along the Maribyrnong River, Melbourne. The phrase lends itself to a systems based agenda because the word 'infrastructure' implies that it performs some kind of function. It is through this functioning that we can understand the way landscape acts as a stage for activities to occur, not just background to the object. The main question within the research is how landscape can precede housing development and set the parameters for its location, density, and relationship to the river. This is tested through four overriding themes which summarise the key ideas and methodologies for designing with landscape as infrastructure. The themes 'Catalyst', 'Time', 'Cause and Effect' and 'Experience' are tested on four different sites along the Maribyrnong River responding to different site conditions and the influence of geology and topography. The four sites have been named to reflect the primary function they perform within the overall strategy. To establish a framework for this discourse the research has been filtered through seven principals, originally developed by Stan Allen as a series of propositions for infrastructure. These principals question issues of force, process, typology, scale, invisible form, structure, function and change and visible form and set up a mechanism enabling me to challenge the notion of landscape as infrastructure. If the landscape is infrastructure then Allen's principals will also apply for the design of housing developments. This Appropriate Visual Record (AVR) is a selection of research material and design solutions developed over the last three years as part of the Research Masters Degree at RMIT.
6
Tam, Tak-jee Angela, and 譚得緻. "Privatisation of public infrastructure in Asia." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31952331.
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Ahmed, Anas. "Public private partnership in infrastructure financing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90216.
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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2014.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>The global financial crisis, which was unique in its magnitude and after effects, has generated significant interest in Public Private Partnership (PPP). Lack of investments and deteriorated infrastructure challenges economic competitiveness of countries in global market and forced governments to look innovative ways to fund the projects. PPP is a successful model in many developed economies. Availability of funding, efficiency, timely completion and regular maintenance in PPPs are main attraction for governments. While misallocated and mismanaged federal funds, inefficiency and trust deficit are key concerns when government build & finance infrastructure projects. This study explores pros and cons of PPP in challenging economic environment, evaluate key success factors and provide review of few case studies.<br>by Anas Ahmed.<br>M.B.A.
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Leppänen, T. (Tero). "Procuring complex performance:case: public infrastructure projects." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2015. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201506251884.
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This research studies procuring complex performance (PCP) in the case of public infrastructure projects. Focus of the research is on the interface between public clients and private sector contractors. Purpose of this research is to find out what are the main challenges of different project delivery methods according to literature (RQ1) and what are the practical challenges of public procurement (RQ2). As an end result, research provides recommendations on how to improve public procurement in a way which benefits the whole industry based on both literature and data collected. The results from this research are applicable to the local infrastructure sector in Oulu, where the research was conducted, and with limitations to other regions and public organizations in Finland. The research method used for this research was an embedded multiple-case study with multiple units of analysis. Two public organizations located in Oulu area that are procuring infrastructure projects were chosen as case organizations. The observation of the field was done by interviewing members of local organizations involved in infrastructure construction. In order to draw conclusions about public procurement, both public and private sector representatives were interviewed. In addition to interviews, a thorough literature review was conducted in order to compare results from interviews to the current literature. Public organizations in Finland have constantly been downsized by the government and this trend seems to continue in the future. This means more and more work is done by the private sector consultants and contractors. Contractors, however, prefer a strong client organization and therefore public clients perhaps should try to procure and supervise projects themselves instead of using consultants, thus also maintaining their procurement expertise and skills. Improving public procurement would also require changes in the current political process. The next year’s investment plans and budgets should be decided and revealed earlier in order to provide adequate time for designing and tendering. Public clients should also start making the most out of the possibilities the legislation allows and increasingly use innovative project delivery methods in their procurement. This would enable innovation activity needed to develop the whole industry. Currently a majority of the projects are delivered using traditional project delivery methods like design-bid-build (DBB)<br>Tämä tutkimus tarkastelee monimutkaisten tuotteiden ja palveluiden hankintaa julkisten infrahankkeiden tapauksessa. Tutkimus keskittyy erityisesti julkisten tilaajien ja yksityisten urakoitsijoiden väliseen rajapintaan. Tarkoituksena on saada selville mitä haasteita eri projektin toteutusmuotoihin liittyy kirjallisuuden perusteella (RQ1) ja mitä käytännön haasteita julkiseen hankintatoimeen liittyy (RQ2). Lopputulemana tutkimus esittää parannusehdotuksia julkiseen hankintatoimeen perustuen sekä kirjallisuuteen että empiiriseen tutkimukseen. Esitetyt parannusehdotukset ovat käyttökelpoisia paikallisen infrasektorin lisäksi myös tietyin rajoituksin muualla Suomessa toimiviin julkisiin organisaatioihin. Tutkimusmenetelmänä työssä käytettiin monitapaustutkimusta. Kaksi Oulussa sijaitsevaa julkista organisaatiota, jotka hankkivat infrahankkeita, valittiin case organisaatioiksi. Tiedonkeruu tutkimusta varten tapahtui haastattelemalla paikallisten, infrasektoriin kuuluvien, organisaatioiden jäseniä. Johtopäätösten tekemiseksi haastateltaviin kuului sekä julkisten että yksityisten organisaatioiden edustajia. Haastatteluiden lisäksi perusteellinen kirjallisuuskatsaus tehtiin, jotta haastatteluiden tuloksia kyettiin vertaamaan nykykirjallisuuteen. Julkisia organisaatioita on Suomessa jatkuvasti pienennetty ja sama kehitys näyttää jatkuvan myös tulevaisuudessa. Tämä tarkoittaa töiden siirtymistä yhä enemmän konsulttien ja urakoitsijoiden harteille. Urakoitsijat kuitenkin suosivat vahvaa tilaajaorganisaatiota ja siitä syystä julkisten tilaajien tulisi ehkä pyrkiä säilyttämään vahva tilaajaorganisaatio hankkimalla ja valvomalla hankkeita itse konsulttien sijaan näin myös säilyttäen oman hankintaosaamisensa. Julkisen hankinnan kehittäminen vaatisi muutoksia myös nykyiseen poliittiseen prosessiin. Seuraavan vuoden investointisuunnitelmista ja budjeteista tulisi tehdä päätöksiä aiemmin, jotta riittävästi aikaa jäisi hankkeiden suunnitteluttamiseen ja kilpailuttamiseen. Julkisien tilaajien tulisi myös alkaa hyödyntämään paremmin hankintalainsäädännön suomia mahdollisuuksia käyttämällä yhtä enemmän innovatiivisia projektien toteutusmuotoja. Tämä mahdollistaisi innovaatiotoimintaa, joka on edellytys koko alan kehitykselle. Nykyään suurin osa projekteista toteutetaan käyttäen perinteisiä projektin toteutusmuotoja kuten kokonaishintaurakkaa
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Adojutelegan, Nat. "Vote-Selling: Infrastructure and Public Services." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4829.
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Vote-selling in Nigeria pervades and permeates the electoral space, where it has become the primary instrument of electoral fraud. Previous research has indicated a strong correlation between vote-buying and underinvestment and poor delivery of public services. There remains, however, a significant gap in the current literature regarding the nature of the relationship between vote-selling and the delivery of public services. The purpose of this study was to uncover voters' behaviors by investigating their common and lived experiences with respect to the provision of infrastructure, delivery of public services, and voting during elections. Using Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism, the research explored the connection between environment and vote-selling. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with 10 individuals who participated in the most recent elections in Akoko North West Local Government, Ondo State, Nigeria. The data were analyzed using Moustakas's transcendental phenomenological process. Key findings suggest a reciprocal relationship between vote-selling, and infrastructure and public services. The study findings also revealed that vote-sellers' feel justified because vote-selling is perceived as a product of disappointment, lack of trust and voters' apathy, willingness to accept their own share of 'national cake,' and poverty. These findings are consistent with Bandura's proposition that people create the society and equally react to environmental factors. This study contributes to the existing literature and may enhance social change initiatives by improving the understanding of the connection between the provision of infrastructure and the delivery of public services and vote-selling.
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CARASTRO, GIANDIEGO. "Public debate on a large infrastructure." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/269839.
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La democrazia rappresentativa è la forma di convivenza che permette a cittadini e stranieri di vivere insieme, rinunciando alla violenza ed incentivando la partecipazione civica tramite partiti, sindacati, associati, gruppi di opinione. La democrazia rappresentativa si basa sulla mediazione tra cittadini, partiti, istituzioni. Un'altra forma è la democrazia deliberativa/partecipativa che si pone l'obiettivo di dar voce ai cittadini, di farli interagire tra di loro, di permettere che le loro opinioni si trasformino, si arricchiscano dal confronto reciproco. Il dibattito pubblico è un percorso strutturato in cui si cerca di far dialogare saperi esperti (ingegneri, architetti, scienziati…) e saperi comuni (le conoscenze dei cittadini che partecipano al dibattito pubblico). In Italia, la Regione Toscana ha introdotto e sperimentato esempi di democrazia deliberativa/partecipativa, definiti "dibattito pubblico", prima della realizzazione di grandi infrastrutture. La letteratura scientifica di riferimento di questa ricerca ha riguardato gli studi relativi alla democrazia deliberativa-partecipativa ed alle metodologie di valutazione dei processi partecipativi. Ciò ha permesso la elaborazione di una griglia originale, utilizzabile per la valutazione dei dibattiti pubblici. Tramite l'utilizzo del metodo MCDA/ TOPSIS, sono stati messi a confronto 4 casi di dibattito pubblico svoltisi in Italia durante il periodo della ricerca: Livorno (ampliamento del porto); Gavorrano (ripristino di una cava ambientale), Bologna (Nuovo passante autostradale), Termoli (riqualificazione del centro urbano). I dibattiti pubblici law based (disciplinati in base alla legge toscana n. 46 del 2 agosto 2013 con la supervisione di un'Autorità regionale indipendente) hanno ottenuto un punteggio complessivo più alto dei dibattiti pubblici law free (Bologna e Termoli).<br>Representative democracy is a form of coexistence that allows citizens and foreigners to live together, renouncing violence and encouraging civic participation through parties, trade unions, associations and opinion groups. Representative democracy is based on mediation between citizens, parties and institutions. Another form of democracy is deliberative/participatory democracy, which aims at giving citizens a voice, at encouraging them to interact with each other, and which allows their opinions to be transformed and enriched through mutual interaction. A “Public Debate” (Dibattito pubblico) is a structured path in which expert knowledge (engineers, architects, scientists...) and common knowledge (the knowledge of citizens participating in the public debate) are sought. In Italy, the Tuscan Region has introduced deliberative/participatory democracy and experimented with 'Public Debates' on major infrastructures before they are built. The scientific bibliography included covers research into deliberative-participatory democracy and the evaluuation methods of participatory processes. I have compared and contrasted 4 cases of public debate in Italy (Livorno port extension; Gavorrano restoration of an environmental quarry; Bologna new motorway passby, Termoli redevelopment of the urban center).using the MCDA/ TOPSIS method, This work has allowed me to develop a grid which can be used to evaluate future Public Debates. Those regulated under Tuscan law 46 of 2nd. August 2013 and supervised by an independent regional authority achieved higher overall scores than those in places (Bologna and Termoli).where there was no similar law.
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Santiago, Denise L. "Assessment of public health infrastructure to determine public health preparedness." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Mar%5FSantiago.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2006.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Anke Richter. "March 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-81). Also available online.
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Shylepnytskyi, P. I. Zybareva O. V. "PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP AS A MECHANISM OF PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT." Thesis, Сучасна правова освіта: [матеріали VIІ Міжнародної науково-практичної конференції, Київ, Національний авіаційний університет, 23 лютого 2018 р.]. – Тернопіль: «Вектор», 2018, 2018. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/32808.
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Andersson, Johan. "Rekommendationer för införande av public key infrastructure." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1177.
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<p>The use of insecure networks -such as the Internet- to send and receive information has made the need for preventing unauthorised people reading it yet more important. One of the easiest way to do this is through public key cryptography. However, the problem with this solution is how to tie a specific public key to a certain subject. This is solved by letting a trusted third party issue a certificate that holds, as a minimum, the name of the subject and the subject's public key along with the issuer's digital signature on the information. The rules we make for issuing, revoking and verifying of certificates and the entities that are being used to do so are called PKI - Public Key Infrastructure. In this thesis we shall se what PKI really is in a more detailed way and which entities it constitutes of. We will also investigate some of the areas in which we could make use of it, for instance secure e-mail and virtual private networks. Next, we will look into some of the drawbacks with PKI and what you should think of in order to aviod these. Finally, we'll give recommendations for the implementation itself. As for the theory of cryptography, the basics is presented to the interested reader in a separate appendix.</p>
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Hayek, Kamal F. (Kamal Fouad). "Infrastructure development in Lebanon : public/private partnerships." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10851.
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Rockler, Nicolas O. "Regional economic performance and public infrastructure investment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69757.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2000.<br>"February 2000."<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>Three studies were conducted to analyze the relationship between public infrastructure investment and regional economic performance. The first study examines the literature on economic development and productivity growth. I show that conflicting results from studies by other analysts are the likely result of poor public capital data spanning to short an interval, and an inadequate modeling framework. Public investment may generate small improvements in productivity, but models understate economic impacts owing to the public goods character of some forms of public capital. The second study explores the relationship between economic distress and public infrastructure investment. I use a sample of U.S. counties to analyze public investment according to level of economic distress. With simple investment models, I estimated infrastructure needs for counties with apparent shortfalls. I analyzed the needs-estimates in a series of case studies in which jurisdiction planning and budget personnel were consulted about the accuracy of the estimates. I show that short-run economic distress is not to be linked to public infrastructure investment. Over the long-run, investment varies by level of distress, but as a consequence of private residential investment. The needs-estimating models were reasonably accurate, but missing investment data proved troublesome. Counties proved to be a poor unit of analysis for infrastructure needs, as since significant variation was observed among jurisdictions within counties. The third study demonstrates the need for better estimates of public infrastructure capital stock. I prepared new capital stock estimates for two regions using local investment data and survey-based public capital service lives. I surveyed one thousand jurisdictions in the New England region and the state of Texas. Survey-based service-lives seem to differ significantly from estimated lives. Stock estimates using local investment data and survey-based service-lives produce dramatic differences compared to estimated stocks at the state and regional level. The new data, however, performed just as poorly as other series when used to estimate aggregate production functions. Prior analysts' understanding the relationship between economic performance and public infrastructure investment has been limited because of poor data, and inadequate appreciation of infrastructure's inherent complexity. The research presented here demonstrates that significant improvements are possible and worth undertaking.<br>by Nicholas O. Rockler.<br>Ph.D.
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Herath, Mudiyanselage Udyani Shanika Kumari. "Next-generation web public-key infrastructure technologies." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/128643/1/Udyani_Herath%20Mudiyanselage_Thesis.pdf.
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This research is a study of public key infrastructure (PKI) technologies, present and future. It models a currently deployed PKI technology, designs a new technique by extending that model and lastly investigates the future aspects of public-key infrastructure. The work provides significant and broad knowledge on PKI trust models and technologies to enhance security and efficiency. The thesis examines Certificate Transparency and develops an abstract model of a logging scheme to capture its security properties, which is then extended using blockchain technology to cover distributed properties. Finally, this research examines how PKI can transition to support secure communication in a post-quantum world.
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Alkayyali, Ahmed. "Liminal public infrastructure : a typology of public space for everyday performances." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29802.
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Every day the city plays out its spectacle unnoticed. This quotidian context is one which is full of complexity, spontaneity and possibility. It is here that architecture can engage with both the city and its user, space and experience; challenging conventional architectural typologies. It is within public space, that architecture can both enhance and celebrate the everyday. This project investigates all of these aspects within the city of Pretoria and more specifically along Van der Walt Street, focusing on the urban cavity at Munitoria. Surveillance is conceptually used to experience this spectacle, on multiple levels of enterpretation, where the architecture is reduced to support both the concept of surveillance and its experience. Copyright 2011, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Alkayyali, A 2011, Liminal public infrastructure : a typology of public space for everyday performances, MArch(Prof) dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11252011-112216 / > C12/4/35/gm<br>Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2011.<br>Architecture<br>unrestricted
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Gross, Martha E. "Aligning Public-Private Partnership Contracts with Public Objectives for Transportation Infrastructure." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28785.
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With its central role in the development of public-private partnership (PPP) contracts, procurement structure has a significant influence on the economic and policy success of privately-financed toll roads throughout their lifecycle. Following a review of PPP fundamentals and the public-policy differentiation between public interest and public objectives, several approaches for establishing the key contract strategies of toll pricing, concession length, and risk mitigation are explored. These underpinnings motivate the central research question: Given specific policy objectives for road pricing, how should public owners select PPP contract strategies which support these outcomes?
Through qualitative comparative analysis (QCA), a recently-developed method for evaluating qualitative data quantitatively, patterns of PPP contract strategies which correspond to three common policy objectives--achieving a specific toll rate, managing congestion, and minimizing state subsidy/maximizing revenue--are identified through evaluation of 18 domestic and international projects. Three practical decision-making tools resulting from this work are illustrated through application to current PPP procurements: (1) a traffic-risk worksheet, which provides a rapid estimate of a toll-financed projectâ s viability; (2) analytical QCA results, which offer guidance for structuring PPP contracts based on the desired pricing objectives; and (3) case-library comparisons, which enable drawing parallels between proposed procurements and established PPP projects. Additional insights explore the nature of risk in this study, which concludes with thoughts on the appropriate role of PPPs in infrastructure delivery.<br>Ph. D.
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Jaksec, Gregory M. "Public-private-defense partnering in critical infrastructure protection." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Mar%5FJaksec.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2006.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Ted Lewis. "March 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p.41-45). Also available online.
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Zou, Weiwu, and 邹伟武. "Relationship management in public private partnership infrastructure projects." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47849629.
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Public Private Partnership (PPP) procurement has developed in many countries, as an
effective way for governments to allay their financial burden and/or improve the
efficiencies of public services. However, PPP has also experienced many ups and
downs in its applications. As a collaborative venture between public and private
sectors, the quality of the relationship between them has been shown to be a key
contributor to the success of a PPP project. However, no study has, as yet,
conceptualized and tested an integrative framework for modeling and addressing the
relational aspect in PPP projects. This study aims to fill this gap. Moreover, the
revamping of PPP in the above direction, would align with what is found to be a much
larger trend, in moving from traditional management to relationship approaches in
project management in general and on built infrastructure projects in particular. The
general purpose of this study is to make an original contribution to relationship
research in PPP, by addressing the importance of this intangible side of PPP, through
developing a strategic relationship management framework for parties engaged in PPP
projects.
Having examined relational research in joint ventures, alliancing and
inter-organisational collaboration, it is found that game theory, transaction cost
analysis and relational contracting have a direct bearing on inter-organisational
relationships in infrastructure projects. Consequently, they are adopted as the
theoretical foundations for this research. This study first investigates the ‘hard side’ of
PPP relationships, analyzing their variables based on semi-structured interviews with
PPP experts. Further, the ‘soft side’ of PPP relationships, is found to be influenced
mainly by inter-organisational trust and commitment. This is also investigated in this
research by intensive literature review of inter-organisational relationships. A
relational variables and indicators model for PPP projects is then developed.
Quantitative research data was collected from two questionnaire surveys, targeting
international experiences. The first survey was aimed to examine the intensifying
and/or moderating effects of various relational variables. The second survey was
designed to identify the Critical Success Factors of relationship management in PPP
context. Qualitative research data was consolidated from a case study and follow-up
structured interviews. Findings from surveys, case study and interviews were then
triangulated to develop a strategic framework for better relationship management for
infrastructure PPP projects.
The findings from this research make a specific contribution to relationship
management research; while the ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ sides provide lenses for both PPP
parties to examine their relationship with their respective partners. The proposed
strategic framework consists of a Relationship Management Scheme and Guidelines
to be implemented in different PPP phases, through addressing the sustainability of
the relationship. It provides an initial scheme or base approach for project parties to
manage the relationships proactively rather than reactively. Besides, this research also
helps to identify relevant relational components that can be incorporated or directly
used in criteria for pre-tender selection. Such screening and special attention to these
critical components can also help to develop more sustainable relationships and attain
better value for money through PPP procurement in practice.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Civil Engineering<br>Doctoral<br>Doctor of Philosophy
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Serema, Batlang Comma. "Information infrastructure for public policy making in Botswana." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405193.
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Huang, Li M. Arch Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Burialand : ritual infrastructure for public amenity in China." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87141.
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Thesis: M. Arch., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2014.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Pages 100-101 blank. Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 98-99).<br>This thesis investigates the nature of burial place as a daily public space to mourn people's loss and celebrate their life in the ordinary cities. It seeks a new architectural typology of cemetery to rebuild a relationship between the dead and the living and it envisions the future cemetery to shape new rituals and means of memorialization. At first blush, cemetery is a specifically designated space where the corpse of deceased people are buried with funeral ceremonies. However, cemetery is a struggle place where meets secular and sacred needs. On one hand, cemetery functions almost like a library or a museum which archives the history and memories from the world of living. On the other hand, cemetery is a real estate property for remains like housing for people. It has to face the capacity problem of the constant increasing amount of the dead delivered from the world of living. When people began to understand the importance of treating dead bodies and buried them in a collective space, cemetery become an essential city infrastructural components where any social classes could possibly stay together without any hierarchy. The ritual activities of placing a deceased person into the ground is a common activity across almost any cultures and religions. Cemetery has been responding the topic of mortality of human being from its internal architectural logic. Nevertheless, as the rapid development of modern cities, the construction for comfort and convenience of the livings are quickly exhausting the urban pace. The burial ground for corpse becomes the least concerned place under the needs of a clean, organized and efficient urban system. As a result, the external relationship between the space of the dead and the remaining space of the living in a broader scale was neglected since the time of Enlightenment in 18th Century. China, the most populated country in the world, successfully controls the total population after the thirty three years introduction of "one child policy". It has to face the inevitable highly growing death population as a the sequel of striking birth rate fifty years ago. In addition, the cemetery, which is an imported concept from Western countries, transfers the scattered form of graves into a concentrated space. However, like any other over accelerated development in Chinese cities, the architecture of cemetery has barely developed to face evolution of contemporary urban life. My thesis seeks an architectural possibility to find a new relationship between the living and the dead. If we say the modern technology could solve the primacy concern-the need of hygiene-when the burial place was banished from the core of cities, what is the possibilities to bring cemetery back into our daily life. Can cemetery help us to understand our mortality to save the social crisis we face now? My thesis tends to propose a new cemetery typology to rebuild the relationship between the dead and the living in contemporary city in China.<br>by Li Huang.<br>M. Arch.
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De, Vries Christoper (Christoper Hendrick John). "Europe's liquid commons : towards a public territorial infrastructure." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65544.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2011.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 150-157).<br>'his thesis examines the possibility of using intermodal logistics infrastructure on the Rhine-Danube waterway, as part of the Trans European Infrastructure Network, as a means to create a symbolic and operative commons between the East and West of Europe. A historical perspective on the physical transformations of Rhine is used to illustrate the seminal role they played in the formation of transnational diplomacy and economic collaborations in the West of Europe.'The waterway because of its liquid characteristics is proposed as an operative transnational political conduit where societal ideals and geographic particularities are negotiated through infrastructural transformations of the riparian landscape. A retrospective into the history of architectural infrastructure proposes a reappraisal of the "layer-method" to integrate earthwork (cut and fill landscaping), infrastructure and urban form as means to give a symbolic form to the territory. An exemplary project is proposed in Novisad, Serbia where a public sphere surrounding a variety of hydrologic programs exposes certain symbiotic and conflictual uses of water.'The panoptical urban condition that is designed is meant to reveal and actuate a more transparent and public political struggle between the individual and collective through an irreducibly common commodity, namely water.<br>by Christoper de Vries.<br>S.M.
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Warlters, Michael. "Infrastructure and the marginal cost of public funds." Toulouse 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU10061.
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La thèse traite : du coût marginal des fonds publics en Afrique ; de la décision de privatiser les infrastructures, en fonction du coût marginal des fonds publics ; de la régulation des gazoducs en prenant en compte le non-renouvellement des ressources de gaz ; de la vitesse d'extraction du gaz naturel par un monopole utilisant des prix non-linéaires<br>The thesis addresses : the marginal cost of public funds in Africa ; privatization of infrastructure, as a function of the marginal cost of public funds ; regulation of gas pipelines taking into account the exhaustibility of gas stocks ; the rate of extraction of gas resources by a monopolist using non-linear pricing
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Luise, Valencia Gluyas Jose. "Public-private participation in water infrastructure in Mexico." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13107/.
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This thesis is structured in three parts such as review of literature, data collection and the generation of a method for delivering infrastructure projects to Mexico. The first part reviews the private participation in infrastructure projects including public finance, privatisation and concession contracts; it also outlines the Private Finance Initiative and the Public Private Partnerships. The literature review of this research investigation examines the role of governments in developing countries in concession contracts including governmental aspects such as legal, political and bureaucratic support, risks, guarantees, transfer of the facility and outlines some roles that the Mexican government has undertaken in concession contracts. It also outlines the project finance approach, the sources of international and domestic finance through the global financial markets. Furthermore, it examines the financial instruments and financial risks. The last component of the literature review consists in selecting the research method in order to carry out this research investigation. The second part which is data collection was carried out in order to develop a case study which is a waste water treatment plant located in Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico. This case study contains a brief history of Mexico and the project, the concession contract and organisational structure including contracts and agreements; it also contains the financial package including financial instruments, payment mechanism, and assignment of revenues stream and assignment of risks. This data collected was at the same time verified by the executives that performed this project. The third part consist in the development of a hypothetical concession project which is a solution for delivering infrastructure projects applicable to Mexico, this is presented in this thesis as the novel method which is validated by several experts in the field of project finance in developing countries and Mexico. Finally, conclusions are drawn in the last chapter along with recommendations for further work.
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Ciccone, Matthew. "Reconnecting East Liberty: A Case Study of Public Investment in Public Infrastructure." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2006. http://repository.cmu.edu/theses/105.
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Researched during the summer of 2006 in a collaborative effort between Carnegie Mellon University's Urban Lab and East Liberty Development, Inc. this thesis seeks to develop a model for evaluating the impact of progressive urban design strategies in an existing community by measuring the costs and potential returns of public investment in progressive urban infrastructure.
Using the case study of East Liberty as a laboratory, this study identifies clear baseline assumptions for the costs of urban infrastructure, as well as estimated public returns based on private investment leveraged and new residential and commercial tax revenue streams.
Aimed at providing urban designers a facilitation tool in arguing for public investment in progressive urban infrastructure that reconnects fragmented com m unities, this study suggests that clear financial and com m unity returns are "hidden" in urban infrastructure investment.
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Ozgun, Kaan. "Ecological infrastructure vs. techno-fix: A design framework for renewable energy infrastructure in public spaces." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/90073/1/Kaan%20Ozgun%20Thesis.pdf.
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Renewable energy is commonly considered a technological addition to urban environments. By contrast, this PhD used a holistic approach to develop a design framework for integrating local electricity production into the ecological function and cultural use of public space. The framework addresses social engagement related to public interaction, and economic engagement related to the estimated quantity of electricity produced, in conjunction with environmental engagement related to the embodied energy required to construct the renewable energy infrastructure. The outcomes will contribute to social and environmental change by engaging society, enriching the local economy and increasing social networks.
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Goldstein, Kevin. "Seeking a New Infrastructure: Public Works for the Contemporary City." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin15542118280784.
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Webster, Ian. "The Public Works Loan Board 1817-76 and the financing of public infrastructure." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2015. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/9939/.
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The Public Works Loan Board 1817-1876 and the financing of public infrastructure. The Public Works Loan Board was formed in 1817, mainly to lend money to finance public infrastructure. Nearly 200 years later, the PWLB is the major source of loans to finance local government infrastructure. Yet no history has been written of the PWLB, and there is very little mention of the PWLB in academic literature. This thesis therefore relies on the unused PWLB archive to explore five case studies of lending to mine owners, turnpike trusts, poor law unions, local boards of health and local school boards. The first two case studies cover the PWLB’s first ten years, and show that its lending to mine owners and turnpike trusts was too limited to have much impact. It is also clear that the PWLB was acting like a cautious commercial provider of loans at the prevailing market interest rates. Even so, it made losses because of parliamentary and Treasury actions. In the last three case studies, the PWLB’s role changed materially, as it became a provider of low interest rate loans to public bodies. In this role the PWLB became an agent of a central government that was compelling local government to invest heavily in workhouses, water supply and sewer facilities, and elementary schools. The result was that PWLB lending soared and was profitable, and public infrastructure investment rose sharply. The case studies highlight the characteristics that determined the success or failure of the PWLB. They also chart the major movement of power from local authorities to central government. The PWLB provided more than half of the finance for the building of workhouses, schools, and water and sewer facilities during three critical periods. The PWLB was therefore essential to the success of the 1834 Poor Law Amendment Act, the 1870 Elementary Education Act and the 1872 Public Health Act. By 1876, the PWLB had become an important provider of finance for public infrastructure provision.
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DePlanche, David Edward. "Options analysis of the Canadian Forces public key infrastructure." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0033/MQ65884.pdf.
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He, Yumei. "Essays on public infrastructure, industrial location and regional development." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39707313.
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He, Yumei, and 何玉梅. "Essays on public infrastructure, industrial location and regional development." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39707313.
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Morgenroth, Edgar L. W. "The significance of international spillover effects from public infrastructure." Thesis, Keele University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395853.
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Jarupasin, Kritchasorn. "Essays on economic growth, public expenditure and telecommunication infrastructure." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/30274.
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This thesis consists of four studies, presented in three main essays, empirically linking economic growth to public expenditure and telecommunication infrastructure using four different sample groups of countries with data from 1972-2012. In the second chapter, in Study 1, the permanent growth effects of fiscal policy are investigated across countries with different income levels using the public-policy endogenous growth model, where public spending is classified by function. The endogeneity problems associated with taxes and investment are taken into account, as is a possible non-linear relationship between government expenditure and economic growth. The results have shown that gross capital formation is the only control variable that has a significant positive coefficient in all growth regressions, while the evidence of conditional convergence hypothesis is reaffirmed. An increase in transportation and communication spending is conducive to growth in both developing and high-income countries, whereas other types of spending are not. In the third chapter, in Study 2, we firstly consider the relationship between public spending and growth with a government budget constraint. The evidence for productive expenditure being conducive to growth only exists in high-income OECD countries. Distortionary taxes are shown to have growth-deteriorating effects in both the developing country and the high-income OECD country groups. When considering the relationship between public spending and long-run GDP per capita level in Study 3, it was found that an increase in total spending financed by non-distortionary taxes enhances the per capita level of GDP in high-income OECD countries. Regardless of implicit financing elements, increases in total spending in developing countries cannot promote long-run increases in GDP per capita levels. In developing countries, increases in the shares of health care and general public services in spending can improve long-run GDP per capita. In high-income OECD countries, increasing in the share of education in spending is conducive to increasing per capita GDP in the long-run. In the fourth chapter, in Study 4, we assess the link between telecommunication infrastructure and economic development. The system of equations is used while considering stationarity and cointegration of variables in the models. The output dividend of fixed telephones in the period from 1975 to 1990 for the group of high-income OECD countries is higher than for developing countries. When considering mobile phone infrastructure, an increase in penetration has positive effects on aggregate output in developing countries for the period from 1990 to 2012. There is only weak evidence that increased mobile phone penetration in high-income OECD countries has a negative effect. When fixed telephone penetration is low, an increase in mobile phone penetration enhances aggregate output. When fixed telephone penetration is already high, an increase in mobile phone penetration might have deteriorating effects. The results have shown that mobile phone and fixed telephone infrastructures are, in fact, substitutes for one another rather than complements.
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Miller, John B. 1952. "Aligning infrastructure development strategy to meet current public needs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11391.
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Basílio, Maria do Sacramento Bombaça. "Infrastructure Public-Private Partnerships : Risk factors and agents' participation." Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4246.
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Doutoramento em Gestão<br>Infrastructure investments are essential to achieve economic prosperity, promoting growth and enhancing well-being. Any infrastructure project is a long-term and complex project, par¬ticularly due to the specific nature of the assets and because it involves numerous stakeholders with different interests and objectives. In such conditions, uncertainty and risks are emphasized. Financing infrastructure is particularly challenging given the amount of funds required that are mostly sunk costs. An attractive mechanism, in the governments' perspective, is to use Public Private Partnerships (PPP) and Project Finance techniques. Multilateral Development Banks (MDB) assume an important role on the raise of funds. Besides their primary lending function, another relevant role emerges - risk reduction. Public entities encourage private sector involvement in infrastructure particularly through PPP. These partnerships are used to reduce the infrastructure gap and accelerating the delivery of public assets and services with clear advantages over traditional methods of procurement. Theoretically, economic reasons may be presented supporting PPP. Portugal has a long history using PPP but there are very few papers on the field. In this dissertation, the Portuguese experience is presented with a focus on five projects. In addition, a model to access the relative operational performance of the SCUT concessions is developed using Data Envelopment Analysis. PPP are particularly relevant to developing and emerging countries where the less stable environment emphasizes risks. Different country's risk factors affect PPP arrangements, condi¬tioning the investments intensity and the participation of the private agents, as well as, of MDB. To explore these issues, an empirical analysis is performed using PPP data from 1990-2007. The results indicate the dominance of the economic conditions and of the legal framework, to ex¬plain the agents' participation in PPP and, MDB' participation is higher for riskier countries, confirming the mechanism of risk reduction.
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Dahl, Emma, Andreas Hedström, and Anna Lindgren. "Investigation of Public Charging Infrastructure : Case study Gränby sportfält." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324386.
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The municipal company Sportfastigheter AB is currently renovating and developing Gränby sportfält, a sports field in Uppsala. Adjacent to the sports field, a parking lot for 700 vehicles is located, where Sportfastigheter AB is preparing to install charging points for electric vehicles (EVs) at some of the places. This bachelor thesis aims to investigate how a public charging solution should be modeled, with the parking lot at Gränby sportfält as a case study. The investigation involves estimating energy demand of visiting EVs, optimizing the ability to satisfy the estimated energy demand, and proposals of business models. A computer-based simulation of a representative week at Gränby sportfält was created as a decision basis for modeling the charging solution and what power capacity to dimension for. The results of this investigation indicates that the most suitable charging solution for Gränby sportfält is a solution with semi-fast chargers and load balancing, which is a type of controlled charging. With load balancing, a lower power capacity can be dimensioned for compared with the same solution without load balancing with savings in costs as a consequence. When investigating for 50 charging points the power capacity proposed to dimension for is 200 kW, which would lead to the possibility of meeting 98.7 % of the total energy demand of connected EVs. However, this study proposes to build the charging points gradually, with an initial installation of 12 charging points. Lastly, this study proposes to use a business model involving sponsoring, and offer the charging for free.
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DePlanche, David Edward. "Options analysis of the Canadian Forces public key infrastructure." Ottawa : National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2002. http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD%5F0033/MQ65884.pdf.
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Mistarihi, Ali Mohammad. "Managing Public Private Partnership (PPP) Infrastructure Projects in Jordan." Thesis, Griffith University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367464.
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Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) are increasingly being utilised internationally as new avenues for providing goods and services to the public with over 1,100 projects worth US$ 450 billion built around the globe between 1985 and 2008 (Siemiatycki, 2010). However, managing PPPs, particularly in the implementation phase, is both theoretically and practically complex with success largely determined by how well partnerships are managed (Grossman, 2010). Yet, PPP scholars (e.g. Bach & Whitehill, 2008; Jones & Noble, 2008) have noted that little is known about managing PPP arrangements and have called for further research to understand the ‘black box’ of PPPs (Weihe, 2008). The current research is significant in elucidating this ‘black box’ and in analysing management challenges that partnerships experience in the implementation phase. Inter-organisational relationships (IORs) and inter-organisational culture (IOC) have been identified as closely related to the PPP research and are utilised within this research to provide important insights into understanding the management of PPPs in the implementation phase.
This research examines PPPs in the Jordanian context; one of the newer but most common users of PPPs in the Middle Eastern region, where PPPs are of economic strategic importance and entail significant investment risk (El-Khatib, 2008). Specifically, the current research explores ‘How effectively managed is the implementation of PPP infrastructure projects in Jordan?’ This question is explored through perceptions of PPP managers within two Jordanian case study organisations. The intention is to critically analyse how PPPs should be managed in order to contribute to the development of what might be regarded as universal theory of PPPs that can be tested, applied and generalised to other contexts. To achieve the objectives of this research, an exploratory, ontologically-oriented, qualitative research design was utilised. Data were collected from 21 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with selected informants at the senior managerial level representing different partnering organisations. Content thematic analysis was used to analyse interview data and documentary data.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Griffith Business School<br>Griffith Business School<br>Full Text
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Shabbir, Aqsa. "Corruption in infrastructure procurement : a study based on procurement of infrastructure projects in Pakistan." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/corruption-in-infrastructure-procurement--a-study-based-on-procurement-of-infrastructure-projects-in-pakistan(90318909-f748-4428-a7da-e8a60f6210d7).html.
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The main purpose of this research project is to bridge the existing knowledgegap in the empirical identification and understanding of the most frequentcorrupt actions and the causes behind during procurement of infrastructureprojects in Pakistan, in addition to exploring the ways to enhance institutionalbasedtrust between the participants of the procurement process. Consequentlythe study aims to provide a conceptual framework to control corruption ininfrastructure procurement while proposing the institutional trust-buildingmechanisms. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches are utilised in thisstudy to achieve this research aim. Quantitative research data is collected usinga questionnaire survey. A total of 450 questionnaires were sent to variouspeople engaged in procurement of infrastructure projects in Pakistan. Theresponse rate was 36.7% (n=165). The questionnaire comprises of two mainquestions; one is about the most frequent corrupt actions in traditional andPublic Private Partnership (PPP) infrastructure procurement processes whileother question asks about the perceived institutional trust-building mechanismsin context of infrastructure procurement market in Pakistan. Various appropriatestatistical methods, including Mean Ranking and ANOVA were utilised toanalyse the collected data. The questionnaire survey was followed by 15 indepth semi-structured interviews with a variety of stakeholders. Theseinterviews provided information on various causes of corruption and reasons asto why people do not for example report a known incident of corruption. A traditional content analysis approach was used to analyse the data collectedusing interviews. From the analysis a cyclical framework of corruption controlemerged, and this is outlined within the thesis. The goal of this framework is tofacilitate procurement stakeholders (individuals, groups, or organisations), toimprove their anti-corruption plans from project to project. This research studyhas filled the knowledge gap through identifying the top twenty potentialcorrupt practices in traditional and PPP infrastructure procurement processes inPakistan and explored the causes behind their occurrence. The study alsorecommends the solutions to mitigate this problem throughout the life cycle ofprocurement process. In addition, the study proposes the institutional trustbuildingmechanisms in the context of infrastructure procurement market inPakistan to cater for the likely loss in trust due to perceived level of corruptionin this sector. The study has also introduced a conceptual framework to controlcorruption in infrastructure procurement process in general and particularly inPakistan. The framework does not intend to introduce new alternatives butinstead builds on existing practices so that users can more easily adapt to theimprovement. The findings of this research are believed to be useful for allpractitioners who are either considering or currently involved in infrastructureprocurement process in Pakistan and trying to avoid or minimise the influenceof corruption.
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Tuesta, Madueño Arturo, and Chiroque Roberto Polo. "Notes to the Tax System of Public Works of Infrastructure and Public Services Concessions." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119109.
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In this report, the main Income Tax aspects related to the concessions of public infrastructure and of public services regulated by Supreme Decrete N° 059-96-PCM are analyzed. Hence, the applicable rules for investments made by the concessionaires and the treatment of self- sustained and co-financed concessions will be examined. To conclude this report, legislative changes that, in opinion of the authors would help provide greater security to the current regime on benefit of the Peruvian State and the investors, are suggested.<br>En este artículo se analiza el tratamiento para fines del Impuesto a la Renta de las concesiones de obras públicas de infraestructura y de servicios públicos regulados por el Decreto Supremo N° 059-96-PCM, que rige la entrega de las referidas concesiones. Así, se examina el régimen aplicable a las inversiones realizadas por los concesionarios, el tratamiento de las concesiones auto-sostenibles y las concesiones cofinanciadas. Para culminar este artículo, se proponen cambios legislativos que, en opinión de los autores, ayudarían a dotar de mayor seguridad al régimen actual en beneficio del Estado peruano y de los inversionistas.
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Zhang, Xueqing, and 張學淸. "Procurement of privately financed infrastructure projects." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31242698.
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Grindlinger, David Matthew. "Validation, delegation, and trust in inter-domain public key infrastructure." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2002. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE1000128.
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Babatunde, Solomon. "Developing public private partnership strategy for infrastructure delivery in Nigeria." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2015. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/27295/.
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The success of any public-private partnership (PPP) project in a country is largely dependent on the country’s maturity on critical success factors (CSFs) that made PPP projects successful. Thus, identification of metrics and standards for measuring the maturity of stakeholder organisations on CSFs for PPP projects implementation remains a challenge. Though studies on CSFs for PPP projects abound, approaches of using CSFs to develop PPP process maturity received scarce attention. Against this backdrop, this research becomes imperative to create efficient and transparent operational strategies with a view to using CSFs to develop process maturity for stakeholder organisations in PPP projects in Nigeria. Data for the research were obtained through mixed methods approach namely: quantitative and qualitative approaches. Questionnaires were administered on five different stakeholder organisations comprised public sector authorities (i.e. ministries, department, and agencies), concessionaires, local lenders/banks, consultants, and contractors involved in different PPP projects implementation in Nigeria. The data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Also, the qualitative approach was conducted through an expert forum and six PPP infrastructure project case studies in Lagos metropolis, Nigeria. The expert forum was constituted to refine and verify the conceptual framework developed. Also, structured interviews were conducted with primary stakeholders in the six PPP infrastructure project case studies in the study area. The research identified fourteen CSFs that made PPP infrastructure projects successful in Nigeria. These CSFs were employed for capability maturity levels definition ranging from level 1(Ad hoc) to level 5(Optimising) in accordance to Capability Maturity Model (CMM) concept. This led to the development of stakeholder organisations capability enhancement framework (SOCEF) in PPP infrastructure projects in Nigeria. The framework was validated by PPP experts to ensure it is comprehensive, objective, practical, replicable, reliable, and suitable for use in Nigeria. Thus, a quantitative assessment tool was developed with the framework in assessing the current capability maturity levels of stakeholder organisations involved in PPP infrastructure projects on fourteen CSFs identified in this research. The findings revealed that public sector organisations were between maturity level 1 and maturity level 2 (out of 5 maturity levels) on CSFs applicable to them. The majority of the private sector organisations were in maturity level 2 on CSFs associated with them. It is established in this research that Nigeria’s maturity is between maturity level 1 and maturity level 2 (out of 5 maturity levels) on CSFs that made PPP infrastructure projects successful. The findings emanated from this research provided both the theoretical and practical contributions to knowledge. The theoretical contributions include the methodology for developing capability maturity levels in PPPs, new insights into the usefulness of CSFs in PPP projects, and contributed to the wider body of knowledge of process improvement in the construction industry at large. The practical contributions are the capability level definitions and enhancement framework for PPP practice, and the specific CSFs for PPP infrastructure projects in Nigeria. The framework developed in this research had provided the benchmark for the identification of methodical approach and standard to process improvement in PPP infrastructure projects in Nigeria. It is believed that the framework would provide a useful guide and roadmaps for improvement by indicating ‘what’ needs to be done by stakeholder organisations involved in PPP projects in achieving higher capability maturity levels on identified CSFs for PPP projects in Nigeria and developing countries at large. Thus, the framework could be used to benchmark future studies.
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Saito, Makoto 1968. "Public/private partnerships in providing rail infrastructure : the Japanese case." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69749.
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Maro, Judith C. "Development of a public health information infrastructure for postmarket evidence." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53058.
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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2009.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-153).<br>Postmarket data on prescription medical product performance has historically been incomplete, underutilized, and mismanaged to inform safety and comparative clinical effectiveness. Congress has tasked the Food and Drug Administration to build a public health information infrastructure for drug safety. It also has allotted $1.1 billion dollars in new spending for comparative effectiveness research. A singular, shared, multi-purpose public health information infrastructure can be built to serve both these needs and others. It can be used by multiple public health agencies under a coordinating framework. A new independent public health authority is best positioned to manage that framework and to negotiate the security, legal, proprietary, and privacy barriers that accompany requests to access large amounts of patient data. Such a design protects privacy, avoids duplication, leverages investment, and promotes sustainability in what is truly a "greenfield" opportunity in the United States. Consequently, the policy window to influence the system design is now. Personal health data is the scarce resource needed to constitute this infrastructure. Citizens have a right and responsibility to re-examine how postmarket data is used to measure safety and comparative clinical effectiveness. A public process to establish new classification schemes that set benefit-risk targets for classes of prescription medical products is needed. Such schemes would differentiate products according to therapeutic need, expected length of treatment, expected patient population, novelty of treatment, and availability of substitutes.<br>(cont.) These classes would prompt different postmarket requirements according the needs and values of the affected patient population. Data collection, data analysis, risk management strategies, and reimbursement strategies would logically follow from this classification. In this paper, inadequate historical postmarket data generation mechanisms and risk management plans are reviewed. Specific attention is given to the failed use of "carrots" and "sticks" to elicit desired behavior. Next, an analysis of stakeholder interests and desired public health outcomes is performed. Policy goals for a public health information infrastructure are outlined along with strategies to achieve those goals.<br>by Judith C. Maro.<br>S.M.in Technology and Policy
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O'Connor, Joseph Michael M. Arch Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Asphalt landscape after all : residual suburban surface as public infrastructure." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/63049.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2011.<br>"February 2011." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-107).<br>The thesis proposes a hybridized commercial retail strip inserted into a residual suburban condition as a manner of investigating the latent potential of suburban logic, both its constituent elements and its formal rules for composition. It then addresses a larger urbanistic issue of proposing a new formal aesthetic for the American suburb. The project is a critique of presently underutilized surfaces in the suburban condition: both physical buildings surface such as walls and roofs as well as land surface area occupied by asphalt infrastructures. The residual figures on unused land as well as redundant and excessive asphalt surfaces are the selected base condition which are then transformed through a series of operations. The interjection of a collection of surface-intensive buildings which are blended together as one composition in addition to the layering of circulation and logistical systems defines a hybrid public surface intrinsic to the suburban condition.<br>by Joseph Michael O'Connor.<br>M.Arch.
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Gupta, Arjun P. (Arjun Premchand). "Governance mechanisms for infrastructure public-private partnerships : focus on India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68448.
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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2011.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 88-102).<br>Infrastructure PPPs encounter unexpected changes in the technological, economic, social and political environments over their long lifetimes. They require governance frameworks that enable them to continue to deliver services efficiently and effectively when faced with such uncertainties. This thesis compares and contrasts alternative governance mechanisms that have been tried and tested over time and across geographies, with a focus on India. The usual governance mechanisms based on contracts or independent regulatory agencies appear to be insufficient in the face of turbulence. Contractual frameworks, wherein the public and private partners enter into long-term contracts that allocate risks, specify performance levels, tariffs and other terms of agreement, are effective in soliciting investment from the private sector. However, since all possible future scenarios and associated contingencies cannot be specified a priori, contracts are incomplete and contractual governance by itself inadequate. Regulatory frameworks, wherein independent regulators exercise discretion in setting tariffs and service levels in order to respond to changes over time are expensive and inefficient Moreover, they are inadequate by themselves in the complex institutional environments that characterize infrastructure in countries such as India. Most critically, the thesis finds that governance based on contracts and regulation seems to emphasize, institutionalize and reinforce antagonistic relationships between public and private 'partners'. To respond to unforeseen changes, however, it is necessary to move the focus away from arms-length relationships towards structures that emphasize real partnership. Based on case studies of successful PPPs in India, the thesis identifies best practices in engaging public sector partners and key stakeholders in projects, for instance through financial partnerships or representation on the project companies' Board of Directors. It finds that such structural mechanisms are effective supplements to the usual governance frameworks. Finally, the thesis proposes that the model of infrastructure delivery using Independent Public Authorities holds promise for infrastructure delivery in India. The ability of IPAs to mobilize private investment, engage public sector partners and internalize negotiations calls for further exploration of their suitability in Indian conditions.<br>by Arjun P. Gupta.<br>S.M.in Technology and Policy
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Chung, Esther J. "Public space in suburbia : water infrastructure as a community catalyst." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61201.
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Thesis (S.B. in Art and Design)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, June 2009.<br>"May 22, 2009." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 35).<br>The phenomenon of Los Angeles, an aggressive thriving metropolis sprawling across the Mojave Desert to the Pacific Coast, is inseparable from its complex history of purchasing, transporting and consuming what is arguably the city's most sensitive need: water. For almost a century, the physical artifacts that were invented as a means to secure, manage and protect this supply have successfully distributed water throughout Los Angeles. However, the increasingly pervasive presence of water infrastructure has also had negative impacts on the quality of public space in LA's suburbs. In scale, shape and tectonics, water infrastructure alienates the human experience of the public realm. The presence of water infrastructure in Los Angeles suburbs, which already carry the stigma of monotonous architecture and bland public space, only aggravates the problem of a landscape that is hostile to the pedestrian. Water infrastructure in suburbia must be recognized for what it is-a critical element for the growth and support of human settlements, but also a source of further estrangement of the very people meant to benefit from it. This thesis proposes a solution that mediates the spatial divide, infuses multi-use of the actual artifact and raises awareness of ecological and economic issues in an effort to reinvent water infrastructure as a catalyst for engagement, education and community.<br>by Esther J. Chung.<br>S.B.in Art and Design
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Navid, Babak. "Analysing different quality situations within public-private partnership of infrastructure." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190785.
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Due to the increasing amount of private-public partnership procurements, the pros and cons of this subject area is of great concern for economists and stakeholders. Previous studies regarding the rationale of this type of procurement argued on the externalities of private-public partnership. Most arguments were upon the negative externalities, which can reduce the private-public partnership’s value. In this thesis, externalities in private-public partnership for infrastructure projects are explained by using operation and maintenance, and user’s quality in more detail and compared in different situations. This study carries that with having positively correlated qualities, the private sector will have maximum profit and by having uncorrelated qualities, and the private sector will have more profit compared to negatively correlated qualities. Furthermore the ways to design optimal contract for public sector, which gives the incentive to the private sector to enhance quality and reduce life-cycle costs, is analyzed.