Artykuły w czasopismach: „Public health administration – Australia”

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Baggoley, Christopher. "The importance of a One Health approach to public health and food security in Australia – a perspective from the Chief Medical Officer". Microbiology Australia 33, nr 4 (2012): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma12143.

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I have had the privilege of being Australia?s Chief Medical Officer for the past 18 months, which has given me a unique perspective on a range of health-related matters. My role is to provide advice to the Minister and the Department of Health and Ageing (DoHA) including input to the development and administration of major health reforms for all Australians and ensuring the development of evidence-based public health policy. I am responsible for the DoHA?s Office of Health Protection and I chair the Australian Health Protection Principal Committee which advises and makes recommendation to the Australian Health Ministers? Advisory Council on national approaches to public health emergencies, communicable disease threats and environmental threats to public health.

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Purse, Kevin. "Workplace Health and Safety Deregulation in South Australia". Journal of Industrial Relations 41, nr 3 (wrzesień 1999): 468–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569904100307.

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In July 1998 the Soutb Australian goverment released a Discussion Paper concern ing the future of occupational bealth and safety regulation in South Australia. In examining the paradigm shift proposed in the Discussion Paper, this paper highlights the importance of workplace health and safety as public polig issues in Australia and seeks to locate the Discussion Paper within the broader context of deregulatory changes in the administration of occupational health and safety legislation that have occurred in South Australia in recent years. It identifies several fundamental flaws in the proposals put forward for change and suggests that the major problem with tbe regulation of occupational health and safety in South Australia is the failure to effectively administer the legislation. The paper also advances a number of proposals designed to achieve greater compliance with the legislation. It concludes that the major proposals contained in the Discussion Paper are unlikely to find widespread practical expression.

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Joyce, Catherine, Harris Eyre, Wei Chun Wang i Caroline Laurence. "Australian doctors’ non-clinical activities: results from the Medicine in Australia: Balancing Employment and Life (MABEL) survey of doctors". Australian Health Review 39, nr 5 (2015): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah14223.

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Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate non-clinical work conducted by Australian doctors. Methods This study was an exploratory descriptive study using data from Wave 5 of the Medicine in Australia: Balancing Employment and Life (MABEL) longitudinal survey, collected in 2012 from Australian medical practitioners (2200 general practitioners (GPs), 3455 specialists, 1270 specialists in training and 1656 hospital non-specialists). The main outcome measure was the number of hours worked per week in non-clinical work. Regression analysis was used to determine associations between non-clinical activities (i.e. education-related, management and administration and other) and personal and professional characteristics, including age, gender, job and life satisfaction, total clinical working hours, sector of practice (public or private) and doctor type. Results Australian doctors spend an average of just under 7 h per week, or 16% of their working time, on non-clinical activities. Doctors who worked more hours on non-clinical activities overall, and in education-related and management and administration specifically, were male, younger, had lower life satisfaction and generally spent fewer hours on clinical work. Lower job satisfaction was associated with longer management and administration hours, but not with time spent in education-related activities. Specialists were more likely to work long non-clinical hours, whereas GPs were more likely to report none. Hospital non-specialists reported relatively high management and administration hours. Conclusions Further work is required to better understand the full range of non-clinical activities doctors are involved in and how this may impact future workforce projections. What is known about the topic? Doctors usually engage in a range of non-clinical activities, such as research, education and administration. Policy documents suggest these activities are expected to comprise 20%–30% of a doctor’s time in public settings. Understanding how engagement in non-clinical activities affects doctors’ time in direct patient care, their career progression and job and life satisfaction is highly important and poorly understood. What does this paper add? This national study provides the first empirical data on doctors’ non-clinical activity, and shows that non-clinical hours are traded off with clinical hours, and are associated with personal and professional characteristics. What are the implications for practitioners? Any changes in doctors’ non-clinical hours may influence doctors’ satisfaction as well as their clinical working hours. Workforce planning needs to take non-clinical hours into account.

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Tuohy, Carolyn, i Gwendolyn Gray. "Federalism and Health Policy: The Development of Health Systems in Canada and Australia". Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques 19, nr 1 (marzec 1993): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3551806.

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Mann, Jennifer, Sue Devine i Robyn McDermott. "Integrated care for community dwelling older Australians". Journal of Integrated Care 27, nr 2 (15.04.2019): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jica-10-2018-0063.

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PurposeIntegrated care is gaining popularity in Australian public policy as an acceptable means to address the needs of the unwell aged. The purpose of this paper is to investigate contemporary models of integrated care for community dwelling older persons in Australia and discuss how public policy has been interpreted at the service delivery level to improve the quality of care for the older person.Design/methodology/approachA scoping review was conducted for peer-reviewed and grey literature on integrated care for the older person in Australia. Publications from 2007 to present that described community-based enablement models were included.FindingsCare co-ordination is popular in assisting the older person to bridge the gap between existing, disparate health and social care services. The role of primary care is respected but communication with the general practitioner and introduction of new roles into an existing system is challenging. Older persons value the role of the care co-ordinator and while robust model evaluation is rare, there is evidence of integrated care reducing emergency department presentations and stabilising quality of life of participants. Technology is an underutilised facilitator of integration in Australia. Innovative funding solutions and a long-term commitment to health system redesign is required for integrated care to extend beyond care co-ordination.Originality/valueThis scoping review summarises the contemporary evidence base for integrated care for the community dwelling older person in Australia and proposes the barriers and enablers for consideration of implementation of any such model within this health system.

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Allen, Kelly-Ann, Margaret L. Kern, Dianne Vella-Brodrick i Lea Waters. "Understanding the Priorities of Australian Secondary Schools Through an Analysis of Their Mission and Vision Statements". Educational Administration Quarterly 54, nr 2 (20.02.2018): 249–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013161x18758655.

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Purpose: The vision or mission statement of a school outlines the school’s purpose and defines the context, goals, and aspirations that govern the institution. Using vision and mission statements, the present descriptive research study investigated trends in Australian secondary schools’ priorities. Research Methods: A stratified sample of secondary school vision and mission statements across 308 schools from government, independent, and Catholic sectors in Victoria, Australia, was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative approaches. Findings: Academic achievement was the most common theme, with school belonging and mental health promotion themes cited by over half of the schools. School belonging was emphasized more often by Catholic schools compared with independent and government schools, and by rural schools compared with urban schools. Implications: Australian schools are seemingly adopting a dual purpose: to be academic institutions and well-being enhancing institutions. Understanding the priorities of schools using vision and mission statements may guide researchers, administrators, and teachers about how to better meet the academic and psychological needs of the students. The priorities of schools also have implications for how research in this area is communicated to schools, and this study provides a method for capturing these priorities.

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Dulău, Dorel, Simona Bungău, Lucia Daina, Camelia Buhaş, Ioana Anca Balaşco, Petre Cotrău i Monica Elena Reştea (Iosub). "The concept of public health. Types of health systems. Parallel between the Romanian and the Australian health system". Romanian Medical Journal 68, nr 1 (31.03.2021): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rmj.2021.1.3.

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Medical management is a field that combines, both in theory and in practice, two somewhat different domains, administration and the medical domain, creating a third area of activity, namely that of medical management. This review is part of a study of health services management, which seeks to find solutions to improve the efficiency of the the management and administration of the medical system, both locally and nationally. In order to be able to study and evaluate, from a scientific point of view, the concepts of centralization and decentralization of the public health system in Romania, it is absolutely pertinent, but also mandatory, to focus on defining the notion of health system. Only later can we approach and research the process of decentralization of health, the political and economic context in which it can be initiated, as well as how to activate and carry it out. Decentralization, as a phenomenon of the transfer of rights and obligations, from the level of the central authority to the level of the local authority, can take various forms. From a theoretical and practical point of view, the forms of decentralization can be studied, evaluated and concluded by emphasizing the strengths and weaknesses. Also important to study are the ways of putting health systems into practice, which from the point of view of the source of funding are divided into state-funded health systems (Semashko, Beveridge and Bismarck) and privately funded health systems.

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Garnett, Stephen T., Bev Sithole, Peter J. Whitehead, C. Paul Burgess, Fay H. Johnston i Tess Lea. "Healthy Country, Healthy People: Policy Implications of Links between Indigenous Human Health and Environmental Condition in Tropical Australia". Australian Journal of Public Administration 68, nr 1 (marzec 2009): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.2008.00609.x.

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Healy, Judith, i Merrilyn Walton. "Health Ombudsmen in Polycentric Regulatory Fields: England, New Zealand, and Australia". Australian Journal of Public Administration 75, nr 4 (6.03.2016): 492–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12187.

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de Costa, Caroline M., Darren B. Russell, Naomi R. de Costa, Michael Carrette i Heather M. McNamee. "Introducing early medical abortion in Australia: there is a need to update abortion laws". Sexual Health 4, nr 4 (2007): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh07035.

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Recent changes to Federal Therapeutic Goods Administration legislation have seen the limited introduction of the drug mifepristone to Australia for the purpose of early medical abortion. At the same time it has become evident that both methotrexate and misoprostol, licenced and available for other indications, are being used safely and appropriately for early abortion by Australian medical practitioners. Early medical abortion is widely practiced overseas where its safety and effectiveness are well supported by current evidence. However, abortion law in many states is still contained within the Criminal Codes and does not reflect current evidence-based abortion practice. In other states and territories restrictions on where abortions may be performed pose potential barriers to the introduction of mifepristone for medical abortion. There is an urgent need for abortion law to be clarified and made uniform across the country so that the best possible services can be provided to Australian women.

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Wood, Debra A., Debra A. Wood i Philip M. Burgess. "Epidemiological Analysis of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Victoria, Australia". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 37, nr 3 (czerwiec 2003): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2003.01182.x.

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Objective: To determine the population-based utilization rate of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in Victoria between 1998–1999, to examine the characteristics of the ECT treated group, and to identify patient factors independently associated with differential rates of ECT treatment. Method: Electroconvulsive therapy is reported under statute in Victoria, Australia. Crude, age-adjusted and age–sex specific utilization rates were calculated using this statutory data for the 1998–1999 financial year and estimated mid-year populations from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Descriptive characteristics of those treated with ECT were derived from the statutory data. Patient factors associated with an increased likelihood of ECT in the public sector were explored with logistic regression analysis, using non-ECT treated mental health patients from the Victorian Psychiatric Case Register as the reference population. Results: The crude treated-person and age-adjusted rates for the State (both public and private sectors) were 39.9 and 44.0 persons per 100 000 resident population per annum, respectively. The crude and age-adjusted administration rates were 330.3 and 362.6 ECT administrations per 100 000 resident population per annum, respectively. Age–sex specific rates varied by age and sex, with rates generally increasing with age and female sex. Overall, 62.8% of the treated group were women, 32.9% aged over 64, and 75.2% had depression. Diagnosis, age and sex each independently predicted ECT in the public sector, with diagnosis the most important factor, followed by age then sex. Conclusions: Despite decades of use, the appropriate rate of ECT utilization is still unclear. Further research should be directed at exploring the factors, including provider variables, determining ECT treatment.

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Harris, Paul, Asiyeh Salehi, Elizabeth Kendall, Jennifer Whitty, Andrew Wilson i Paul Scuffham. "“She’ll be right, mate!”: do Australians take their health for granted?" Journal of Primary Health Care 12, nr 3 (2020): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc20025.

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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTIONHealth consciousness highlights the readiness of individuals to undertake health actions and take responsibility for their health and the health of others. AIMTo examine the health consciousness of Australians and its association with health status, health-care utilisation and sociodemographic factors. METHODSThis quantitative cross-sectional study was a part of a larger project aiming to engage the general public in health-care decision-making. Adults from Queensland and South Australia (n=1529) were recruited to participate by a panel company. The questionnaire included the Health Consciousness Scale (HCS), health status, health-care utilisation, sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables. RESULTSThe health consciousness of Australians was relatively low (mean score=21), compared to other international administrations of the HCS, and further investigations revealed that more health-conscious people tended to live in South Australia, be female and single, experience poorer physical and mental health and were more frequent users of health-care services. DISCUSSIONThe general approach to health in this sample of the Australian public may reflect ‘here and now’ concerns. It appears that an attitude of ‘she’ll be right, mate’ prevails until a change in an individual’s health status or their exposure to the health system demands otherwise. These findings need to be investigated further to see if they are confirmed by others and to clarify the implications for primary health programmes in Australia in redressing the public’s apparent apathy.

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Curchin, Katherine, i Will Sanders. "Bureaucrats and Bleeding Hearts: Indigenous Health in Northern Australia by Tess Lea". Australian Journal of Public Administration 68, nr 2 (czerwiec 2009): 233–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.2009.00634_3.x.

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Robinson, Maxine F., Cathrine Mihalopoulos, Tracy Merlin i Elizabeth Roughead. "CHARACTERISTICS OF MANAGED ENTRY AGREEMENTS IN AUSTRALIA". International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 34, nr 1 (26.12.2017): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462317001106.

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Objectives: Australia relies on managed entry agreements (MEAs) for many medicines added to the national Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS). Previous studies of Australian MEAs examined public domain documents and were not able to provide a comprehensive assessment of the types and operation of MEAs. This study used government documents approved for release to examine the implementation and administration of MEAs implemented January 2012 to May 2016.Methods: We accessed documents for medicines with MEAs on the PBS between January 2012 and May 2016. Data were extracted on Anatomical Therapeutic Classification (ATC), type of MEA (financial, financial with outcomes, outcomes, and subcategories within each group), implementation and administration methods, source of MEA recommendation, and type of economic analysis.Results: Of all medication indication pairs (MIPs) recommended for listing, one-third had MEAs implemented. Our study of eighty-seven MIPs had 170 MEAs in place. The Government's expert health technology assessment (HTA) committee recommended MEAs for 90 percent of the eighty-seven MIPs. A total of 81 percent of MEAs were simple financial agreements: the majority either discounts (32 percent) or reimbursement caps (43 percent). Outcome-based MEAs were least common (5 percent). Ninety-two percent of MEAs were implemented and operated through legal agreements. Approximately half of the MIPs were listed on the basis of accepted claims of cost-minimization. Forty-nine percent of medicines were in ATC L group.Conclusion: Advice from HTA evaluations strongly influences the implementation of ways to manage uncertainties while providing access to medicines. The government relied primarily on simple financial agreements for the managed entry of medicines for which there were perceived risks.

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LAVOIE, JOSÉE, AMOHIA BOULTON i JUDITH DWYER. "ANALYSING CONTRACTUAL ENVIRONMENTS: LESSONS FROM INDIGENOUS HEALTH IN CANADA, AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND". Public Administration 88, nr 3 (wrzesień 2010): 665–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2009.01784.x.

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Wright, Kathy Lee, Karen Verney, Daryl Brennan, David Lindsay, Daniel Lindsay i Wendy Smyth. "Administrative staff self-reported long-term conditions". International Journal of Workplace Health Management 12, nr 6 (21.11.2019): 483–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwhm-01-2019-0007.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the long-term conditions affecting the administration workforce of a regional Australian health service, and their self-management of these conditions. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional survey design was used. The sample consisted of all administration staff members employed in 2018 across a large regional health service in Northern Australia. Findings Of the 328 respondents, 167 (51 per cent) reported having at least one long-term condition. Of these, 136 (81.4 per cent) indicated a single main condition for which management strategies were used. Musculoskeletal conditions were the most commonly nominated category (59.6 per cent), followed by mental health (10.3 per cent). Respondents with musculoskeletal conditions were statistically more likely to have a co-existing mental health long-term condition, χ2(1) = 95.64, p<0.001. There was also a statistically significant association between respondents reporting a mental health condition and being overweight, χ2(1) = 54.27, p< 0.05. Research limitations/implications The response rate of 35 per cent, whilst relatively low, is a slight increase on similar surveys within this organisation. The reliability of the self-report data, presence of study bias and a weakening of the study’s external validity is acknowledged. Practical implications Targeted workplace intervention strategies, such as holistic wellness programs, should complement personal approaches, promote an ergonomic environment and create opportunities for increased dialogue between employees and their line managers, particularly regarding the complex interplay between long-term physical and mental health. Originality/value This is the first study of self-reported long-term conditions among administration staff within a health service, and augments findings from previous studies involving health professional groups in the same organisation.

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Andrew, Jane, Max Baker, James Guthrie i Ann Martin-Sardesai. "Australia's COVID-19 public budgeting response: the straitjacket of neoliberalism". Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management 32, nr 5 (20.08.2020): 759–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbafm-07-2020-0096.

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PurposeThis paper explores how neoliberalism restrains the ability of governments to respond to crises through budgetary action. It examines the immediate budgetary responses to the COVID-19 pandemic by the Australian government and explores how the conditions created by prior neoliberal policies have limited these responses.Design/methodology/approachA review and examination of the prior literature on public budgeting and new public management are provided. The idea of a “neoliberal straitjacket” is used to frame the current budgetary and economic situation in Australia.FindingsThe paper examines the chronology of Australia's budgetary responses to the economic and health crisis created by COVID-19. These responses have taken the form of tax breaks and a temporary payment scheme for individuals made unemployed by the pandemic.Practical implicationsThe insights gained from this paper may help with future policy developments and promote future research on similar crises.Originality/valueThe analysis of Australia's policies in dealing with the pandemic may offer insights for other countries struggling to cope with the fiscal consequences of COVID-19.

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Murphy, Barbara, Chris Gibbs, Kate Hoppe, Deepika Ratnaike i Harry Lovelock. "Change in mental health collaborative care attitudes and practice in Australia". Journal of Integrated Care 26, nr 1 (12.02.2018): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jica-10-2017-0033.

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Purpose The Mental Health Professionals Network (MHPN) was established to support and enhance collaborative care among health professionals working in primary mental healthcare. The MHPN has two primary arms: face-to-face network meetings and online webinars. The purpose of this paper is to investigate attitudinal and practice changes amongst health professionals after participation in MHPN’s network meetings. Design/methodology/approach In April 2016, an online survey was e-mailed to health professionals who had attended at least one network meeting during 2015. The survey asked about practice changes across seven key areas relating to increased awareness of and interaction with professionals from other disciplines. Interdisciplinary differences were investigated using the χ2 statistic (p<0.05). Findings A total of 1,375 health professionals participated in the survey. For each of the seven practice changes investigated, between 74 and 92 per cent of respondents had made the change. Those who attended more network meetings were significantly more likely to have made changes. General practitioners were significantly more likely than other professionals to have made changes. Research limitations/implications Attendance at MHPN network meetings has a positive impact on health professionals’ attitudes and practices towards a more collaborative approach to mental healthcare. Originality/value MHPN is a unique, national platform successfully delivering opportunities for interdisciplinary professional development in the primary mental health sector. The model is unique, cost-effective, practitioner driven and transferable to other settings.

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Navi, Maryam, Dino Pisaniello, Alana Hansen i Monika Nitschke. "Potential Health Outcome and Vulnerability Indicators of Climate Change for Australia: Evidence for Policy Development". Australian Journal of Public Administration 76, nr 2 (25.05.2016): 160–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12202.

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Chow, Josephine S. F., Veronica Gonzalez-Arce, Andrew Knight i Friedbert Kohler. "Retrospective analysis of telemonitoring in Wollondilly, Australia". Journal of Integrated Care 26, nr 2 (16.04.2018): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jica-10-2017-0032.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse early findings from telemonitoring data for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, residing in Wollondilly Shire, New South Wales, Australia. The Shire has 19 small scattered and isolated rural communities, which experience undersupply of healthcare providers. Findings are to be used for further research to support wider implementation of telemonitoring by general practitioners (GPs). Design/methodology/approach Local patients with multiple chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hospital admissions were allocated home telemonitoring equipment, entering readings according to their GP management plan. Demographic, biometric and self-assessment readings were retrospectively collected, from July 2015 to April 2016. Findings Data for 18 patients aged 44-87, with equal gender representation was analysed. There was a total of 24,545 data points from 2,932 readings. Over half showed high clinical risk; 93 occasions required GP escalation, 23 per cent for respiratory conditions, in 14 patients. Nine were hospitalised, 51 per cent for respiratory conditions. Practical implications Home telemonitoring of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was found to be a promising patient management approach, providing accurate, reliable health indicators. Its use empowered patients to improve symptom control and health outcomes. Originality/value Experience in Australian general practice with telemonitoring is limited. High protocol compliance occurred, risk indicators were obtained and the value of home telemonitoring was confirmed.

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McAuslane, Neil, Tina Wang i Lawrence Liberti. "VP155 Synchronization Of Regulatory Approval And Health Technology Assessment Recommendation Timing". International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, S1 (2017): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462317003956.

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INTRODUCTION:Minimizing the delay between regulatory approval and Health Technology Assessment (HTA) recommendation is critical to ensure patients access to medicines of therapeutic value. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of synchronization between the regulatory decision and HTA recommendation.METHODS:Data were collected from the public domain for new active substances that were first appraised by the HTA agency in Scotland (SMC - Scottish Medicines Consortium), France (HAS - Haute Autorité de Santé), Germany (IQWIG - Institut für Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Gesundheitswesen), Australia (PBAC - Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee) and Canada (CADTH - Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies), and that reached an outcome in 2014 and 2015. The year the product was approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA), Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) and Health Canada were also assessed.RESULTS:In 2014 and 2015, fifty-one products with HTA recommendations were identified for SMC and IQWIG, forty-two for HAS, forty for PBAC and thirty-eight for CADTH.Of the HTA agencies studied, CADTH had the lowest percentage of HTA recommendations occurring the same year as jurisdictional regulatory approval. Of the products with CADTH recommendations in 2014, only 7 percent were approved by Health Canada in the same year. By comparison, all of the products with PBAC recommendations in 2015 were approved by TGA in the same year.For 2014 and 2015, comparing the percentage of HTA recommendations with the jurisdictional regulatory agency approval the same year showed 7 percent (2014) versus 29 percent (2015) for CADTH: 35 percent versus 37 percent for SMC: 35 percent versus 44 percent for HAS; 56 percent versus 57 percent for IQWIG; and 91 percent versus 100 percent for PBAC.CONCLUSIONS:This study shows that the parallel submission mechanism to enable synchronizing HTA and regulatory decision making is effective in Australia, whilst there remains a synchronization disconnect in other countries; although this may be improving. The extent of decision timing disconnect, influence of company strategy and type of HTA outcome were also studied. This initial analysis suggests gaps between the timing of regulatory approval and HTA recommendation for HTA agencies outside of Australia.

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MCNALLY, KAREN M., i V. BRUCE SUNDERLAND. "No-Blame Medication Administration Error Reporting by Nursing Staff at a Teaching Hospital in Australia". International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 6, nr 2 (czerwiec 1998): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7174.1998.tb00918.x.

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Baldock, Matthew, Christopher Stokes i Mario Mongiardini. "Profiling fatal and serious injury crashes in South Australia according to the Swedish transport administration model". Traffic Injury Prevention 23, nr 3 (22.02.2022): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2022.2038370.

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Manderson, Desmond. "Rules and Practices: The “British System” in Australia". Journal of Drug Issues 22, nr 3 (lipiec 1992): 521–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269202200305.

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The article discusses the implementation of legislation concerning “dangerous drugs” in Australia from the 1930s. Although these laws and regulations clearly prohibited their consumption for non-medical purposes and their prescription “merely for the purposes of addiction,” a system developed which nevertheless allowed the continued maintenance of addicts under medical supervision and remained in place until the 1960s. Contrasts are drawn between the image of evil drug use, which was addressed by legislation and condemned by politicians, and the reality of addiction in Australia, which was in practice tolerated and treated as an illness rather than as a vice. The existence of this double standard is used to highlight the fact that the reality of drug use and drug enforcement cannot simply be gleaned by interpreting laws: their administration and the social practices with which they must interact often change and modify their effect in a complex manner.

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Murphy, Barbara, Kate Hoppe, Chris Gibbs, Deepika Ratnaike i Harry Lovelock. "Change in clinical practice in Australia: impact of participation in MHPN webinars". Journal of Integrated Care 26, nr 2 (16.04.2018): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jica-10-2017-0034.

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Purpose The Mental Health Professionals’ Network (MHPN) was established to enhance collaborative care among health professionals working in mental health care in Australia. The MHPN has two primary arms: face-to-face network meetings and online webinars. The purpose of this paper is to investigate practice changes in health professionals who participated in one of MHPN’s live webinars. Design/methodology/approach Practice change was assessed by online survey with attendees from three MHPN webinars held in 2016. The survey link was e-mailed to webinar attendees three months after each webinar. Findings In total, 585 health professionals participated in the surveys. Four out of five respondents had made at least one practice change, particularly increased confidence in providing mental health care and increased discussions about other disciplines. General practitioners and psychologists were more likely than others to have made practice changes. Nine out of ten respondents rated the webinars as “very good” or “excellent.” Research limitations/implications MHPN’s webinar program positively impacts health professionals’ practice and represents an easily accessible and effective professional development opportunity for Australia’s mental health workforce. Originality/value The MHPN webinar program is unique in Australia. The MHPN provides opportunities for interdisciplinary professional development in the primary mental health sector. The model is highly cost effective and transferable to other settings and countries.

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Firth, Lucy A., David J. Mellor i Peter S. Francis. "The negative impact on nurses of lack of alignment of information systems with public hospital strategic goals". Australian Health Review 32, nr 4 (2008): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah080733.

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The objectives of this study were to investigate the degree to which hospital information systems are aligned with hospital strategies and how they impact on nurses. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine hospital staff from a range of disciplines in a large public hospital in Australia. The interviews revealed that the focus of hospital information systems on administration has meant that applications to support the patient?s clinical journey have been deemed unaffordable. A consequence is that the historic use of the nurses? station as a source of verbal information about patients has continued, with negative impacts on nurses? perceived role and status, and the possible exacerbation of the clash between administrative and clinical cultures. We conclude that hospitals need clear strategies, with alignment of information systems. To do otherwise can undermine culture and morale, while disrupting workflows and patients? clinical journeys.

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Ramsden, Robyn, Richard Colbran, Tricia Linehan, Michael Edwards, Hilal Varinli, Carolyn Ripper, Angela Kerr i in. "Partnering to address rural health workforce challenges in Western NSW". Journal of Integrated Care 28, nr 2 (4.11.2019): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jica-06-2019-0026.

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Purpose While one-third of Australians live outside major cities, there are ongoing challenges in providing accessible, sustainable, and appropriate primary health care services in rural and remote communities. The purpose of this paper is to explore a partnership approach to understanding and addressing complex primary health workforce issues in the western region of New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Design/methodology/approach The authors describe how a collaboration of five organisations worked together to engage a broader group of stakeholders and secure commitment and resources for a regional approach to address workforce challenges in Western NSW. A literature review and formal interviews with stakeholders gathered knowledge, identified issues and informed the overarching approach, including the development of the Western NSW Partnership Model and Primary Health Workforce Planning Framework. A stakeholder forum tested the proposed approach and gained endorsement for a collaborative priority action plan. Findings The Western NSW Partnership Model successfully engaged regional stakeholders and guided the development of a collaborative approach to building a sustainable primary health workforce for the future. Originality/value Given the scarcity of literature about effective partnerships approaches to address rural health workforce challenges, this paper contributes to an understanding of how to build sustainable partnerships to positively impact on the rural health workforce. This approach is replicable and potentially valuable elsewhere in NSW, other parts of Australia and internationally.

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Browne‐Yung, Kathryn, Anna Ziersch, Fran Baum, Sharon Friel i John Spoehr. "General Motor Holden's closure in Playford, South Australia: Analysis of the policy response and its implications for health". Australian Journal of Public Administration 79, nr 1 (20.06.2019): 76–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12390.

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Kwok, Stephen Wai Hang, Sai Kumar Vadde i Guanjin Wang. "Tweet Topics and Sentiments Relating to COVID-19 Vaccination Among Australian Twitter Users: Machine Learning Analysis". Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, nr 5 (19.05.2021): e26953. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/26953.

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Background COVID-19 is one of the greatest threats to human beings in terms of health care, economy, and society in recent history. Up to this moment, there have been no signs of remission, and there is no proven effective cure. Vaccination is the primary biomedical preventive measure against the novel coronavirus. However, public bias or sentiments, as reflected on social media, may have a significant impact on the progression toward achieving herd immunity. Objective This study aimed to use machine learning methods to extract topics and sentiments relating to COVID-19 vaccination on Twitter. Methods We collected 31,100 English tweets containing COVID-19 vaccine–related keywords between January and October 2020 from Australian Twitter users. Specifically, we analyzed tweets by visualizing high-frequency word clouds and correlations between word tokens. We built a latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic model to identify commonly discussed topics in a large sample of tweets. We also performed sentiment analysis to understand the overall sentiments and emotions related to COVID-19 vaccination in Australia. Results Our analysis identified 3 LDA topics: (1) attitudes toward COVID-19 and its vaccination, (2) advocating infection control measures against COVID-19, and (3) misconceptions and complaints about COVID-19 control. Nearly two-thirds of the sentiments of all tweets expressed a positive public opinion about the COVID-19 vaccine; around one-third were negative. Among the 8 basic emotions, trust and anticipation were the two prominent positive emotions observed in the tweets, while fear was the top negative emotion. Conclusions Our findings indicate that some Twitter users in Australia supported infection control measures against COVID-19 and refuted misinformation. However, those who underestimated the risks and severity of COVID-19 may have rationalized their position on COVID-19 vaccination with conspiracy theories. We also noticed that the level of positive sentiment among the public may not be sufficient to increase vaccination coverage to a level high enough to achieve vaccination-induced herd immunity. Governments should explore public opinion and sentiments toward COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination, and implement an effective vaccination promotion scheme in addition to supporting the development and clinical administration of COVID-19 vaccines.

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Clark, Lindie. "The Politics of Regulation: A Comparative‐Historical Study of Occupational Health and Safety Regulation in Australia and the United States". Australian Journal of Public Administration 58, nr 2 (czerwiec 1999): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.00092.

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Kralik, Debbie, Kate Visentin, Geoff March, Barbara Anderson, Andrew Gilbert i Merilyn Boyce. "Medication Management for Community-dwelling Older People with Dementia and Chronic Illness". Australian Journal of Primary Health 14, nr 1 (2008): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py08004.

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The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of an integrative review of the literature on medication management for individuals who live in the community and have both chronic illness and mild to moderate dementia. The aim of the review was to summarise what is known about this topic, evaluate and compare previous research on the topic of medication management for people with dementia, and locate gaps in current work, thus pointing to directions for future research. Dementia is a national health priority for Australia. A significant component of community care for people with dementia is the management and administration of the medications required for other chronic conditions. Medication management is a broad term that encompasses several aspects, such as client-centred medication review, rational prescribing and support, repeat prescribing, client information/education, capacity to communicate with multiple health providers and having access to medicines. Cognitive impairment has been associated with medication management issues so it is important to ensure quality outcomes of medicine use by community-dwelling older people with dementia. The literature revealed a number of issues, such as the importance of person-centred care, the need for the coordination of care, and consumer partnerships in medication management. These are all important considerations in planning primary care services to support people with dementia and chronic illnesses. People with dementia who have chronic illness require coordinated, tailored, and flexible care processes in the community. There exists a range of services and programs such as home medicine reviews to support people living in the community with chronic illness and dementia; however, there is little coordination of care and evaluation of interventions is, at best, inconsistent. Currently, Australia lacks an integrative primary health care (PHC) framework, within which consumer involvement in decision-making and/or care planning is valued and sought. Current services are limited in the degree to which there is collaboration between key partners and Australian PHC initiatives are fragmented and have limited impact on service delivery.

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Kay, Adrian, i Anne-marie Boxall. "Success and Failure in Public Policy: Twin Imposters or Avenues for Reform? Selected Evidence from 40 Years of Health-care Reform in Australia*". Australian Journal of Public Administration 74, nr 1 (4.02.2015): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12135.

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Rissel, Chris, Louisa Jorm i Jeanette Ward. "Representativeness of Three Survey Methods in Ethnic Health Research". Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 10, nr 2 (kwiecień 1998): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101053959801000208.

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Study objective: To identify the survey method which generates the most representative sample of respondents in an ethnic community Design: Three survey methods (including sampling from the telephone book and telephone surveys, cluster sampling of households from areas with known high concentrations of migrants from the target community and face-to-face interviews, and sampling of persons listed on the electoral roll and a mailed survey) were employed concurrently in a defined area. Setting: Metropolitan Sydney, Australia. Participants: Persons aged 18 years or more born in Lebanon. Main results: The telephone survey method consistently outperformed cluster sampling and sampling from the electoral roll in terms of cost, response and contact rates, ease and speed of administration and representativeness of the sample. All methods generated a similar age profile but over-represented females compared with census data for the study area. There was relatively little duplication of respondents. The proportion of respondents who rated their health as fair or poor was comparable. Conclusions: Telephone surveying of migrant populations is a recommended strategy for health research in the Lebanese migrant population in metropolitan Sydney, and is also likely to be recommended for migrant populations with ethnically identifiable surnames.

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Arthurson, Kathy, Fran Baum i Anna Ziersch. "Exploring Social Capital: as Concept and Practice in Australian Public Health Policies and Programs". Australian Journal of Public Administration 73, nr 1 (marzec 2014): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12056.

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Sharpley, Christopher F., Roisin Reynolds, Alicia Acosta i Jagdish K. Dua. "The presence, nature and effects of job stress on physical and psychological health at a large Australian university". Journal of Educational Administration 34, nr 4 (październik 1996): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09578239610128630.

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Buttery, J. P., M. H. Danchin, K. J. Lee, J. B. Carlin, P. B. McIntyre, E. J. Elliott, R. Booy i J. E. Bines. "Intussusception following rotavirus vaccine administration: Post-marketing surveillance in the National Immunization Program in Australia". Vaccine 29, nr 16 (kwiecień 2011): 3061–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.01.088.

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Baldwin, Louise, Elizabeth Dallaston, Belinda Bennett, Fiona McDonald i Mary Louise Fleming. "Health in all policies for rural and remote health: A role for Australian local governments?" Australian Journal of Public Administration 80, nr 2 (18.02.2021): 374–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12460.

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Gibbs, Chris, Barbara Murphy, Deepika Ratnaike, Kate Hoppe i Harry Lovelock. "Implementing a collaborative mental health care model: the MHPN". Journal of Integrated Care 25, nr 4 (16.10.2017): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jica-06-2017-0014.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and experience of the Mental Health Professionals’ Network (MHPN) in building and supporting a national interdisciplinary professional development platform in community mental health to enhance practitioner response to the needs of consumers. Design/methodology/approach The key components of the MHPN model are described highlighting effective ways of engaging practitioners and supporting interdisciplinary practice. The MHPN has two key programs – Face-to-Face Interdisciplinary Practitioner Networks and an Online Professional Development Program. Findings The MHPN model has had significant uptake in communities across Australia and continues to grow. Practitioners report positive outcomes in engaging with other practitioners, improving their professional knowledge and having gained increased confidence in the provision of mental health care to patients. Practical implications The progress and learnings to date offer some useful insights that can be applied to other settings to support integrated care for patients with mental health problems through enhancing collaborative care among practitioners at the primary care level. Originality/value MHPN is a unique, national, successful platform delivering opportunities for interdisciplinary professional development in the primary mental health sector. The model is cost effective, practitioner driven, and transferable to other settings.

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Braithwaite, Jeffrey. "IDENTIFYING THE ELEMENTS IN THE AUSTRALIAN HEALTH SERVICE MANAGEMENT REVOLUTION". Australian Journal of Public Administration 52, nr 4 (grudzień 1993): 417–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.1993.tb00297.x.

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King, Michael. "Profiting from a tainted trade: private investigators’ views on the popular culture glamorisation of their trade". Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 7, nr 2 (17.02.2021): 112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-07-2020-0050.

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Purpose The public fascination for private investigators has led to an abundance of imagery in popular culture media. This study aims to examine the views of practising private investigators regarding their professional images of dirty work. Design/methodology/approach To fill the gap in the literature, this study used data collected from semi-structured interviews with 33 industry practitioners from 3 Australian states. The paper investigates private investigator’s perceptions about themselves/job roles and the public perceptions of private investigators in Australia. Interviews were recorded and transcripts created. A thematic analysis of the interview transcripts was undertaken. Findings Private investigators were drawn from a range of professions, including public policing and government regulation. The findings indicate that the reality differs from the images typically portrayed in popular culture. Interviewees discussed the contrasts between media images and reality, providing a more complex portrayal of private investigation and what private investigators find satisfying and challenging about their work. Practical implications This study is helpful for improving the understanding of private policing, the media views of policing, those who conduct work within an environment considered to be tainted and their views of self. Originality/value Using a qualitative research design, this paper offers insights into the challenges facing private investigators and how they reconcile being in a tainted occupation with providing a necessary service to the community.

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Hallinan, Christine Mary, i Yvonne Ann Bonomo. "The Rise and Rise of Medicinal Cannabis, What Now? Medicinal Cannabis Prescribing in Australia 2017–2022". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 16 (10.08.2022): 9853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169853.

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Medicinal cannabis was legalised in Australia in November 2016. By August 2022, there were 5284 specialist physician and general practitioner (GP) prescribers who submitted Special Access Scheme (SAS) applications to the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) for the provision of medicinal cannabis prescriptions their patients. In this article we examine the impact of the delivery of publicly available clinical guidance documents, provision of education to prescribers, establishment of the TGA online portal, and launching of cannabis clinics on the number of applications approved by the TGA over time. We considered these findings in the context of the need to align the interventions facilitating the prescribing of medicinal cannabis with the establishment of processes to enable the systematic monitoring of patient outcomes. The cumulative number of medicinal cannabis Special Access Scheme-B (SAS-B) prescription approvals from January 2017 to June 2022 was 258,926. SAS-B approvals increased at an average rate of 208.55% p < 0.000, (95% CI 187.25–229.85) per month. Conclusion: There has been a rapid growth in prescribing since the legalisation of medicinal cannabis in Australia and this expansion has not been accompanied by parallel processes for the monitoring of medicinal cannabis. The capture of more highly granulated data, as found in the electronic medical record (EMR), patient smartphone applications, and social media provide an opportunity to monitor medicinal cannabis effectiveness and safety across multiple prescribing indications.

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Randell‐Moon, Holly Eva Katherine, i Danielle Hynes. "‘Too smart’: Infrastructuring the Internet through regional and rural smart policy in Australia". Policy & Internet 14, nr 1 (25.02.2022): 151–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poi3.286.

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Rozell, Mark J., i Clyde Wilcox. "Federalism in a Time of Plague: How Federal Systems Cope With Pandemic". American Review of Public Administration 50, nr 6-7 (17.07.2020): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074020941695.

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This article compares and contrasts the responses of Australia, Canada, Germany, and the United States to the COVID-19 outbreak and spread. The pandemic has posed special challenges to these federal systems. Although federal systems typically have many advantages—they can adapt policies to local conditions, for example, and experiment with different solutions to problems—pandemics and people cross regional borders, and controlling contagion requires a great deal of national coordination and intergovernmental cooperation. The four federal systems vary in their relative distribution of powers between regional and national governments, in the way that health care is administered, and in the variation in policies across regions. We focus on the early responses to COVID-19, from January through early May 2020. Three of these countries—Australia, Canada, and Germany—have done well in the crisis. They have acted quickly, done extensive testing and contact tracing, and had a relatively uniform set of policies across the country. The United States, in contrast, has had a disastrous response, wasting months at the start of the virus outbreak, with limited testing, poor intergovernmental cooperation, and widely divergent policies across the states and even within some states. The article seeks to explain both the relative uniform responses of these three very different federal systems, and the sharply divergent response of the United States.

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Merone, Lea, i Oscar Whitehead. "COVID-19 and Working Within Health Care Systems: the future is flexible". Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management 16, nr 1 (28.02.2021): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v16i1.537.

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COVID-19 and subsequent lockdown of affected countries has changed the way Australia and the rest of the world do business, with online working, video/teleconferences and independent working becoming increasingly normal. Those working in primary care or in allied professions however such as administration, public health, management, human resources, radiology and mental health, have found themselves unexpectedly moving their work into their homes. There has been much discourse surrounding the consequences and benefits of the recent work from home (WFH) mass-movement. The leading benefits of working from home are increased productivity, cost and time-savings for employers and opportunities for disabled people to work. However, there a number of emerging unintended adverse consequences of WFH, including overworking, stress and fatigue. Employee personality traits are linked with the individual’s response to WFH. It is the role of a good leader to play to an employee’s strengths and individual circumstances. WFH initiatives can provide huge economic savings for organisations. The future beyond COVID-19 must allow for flexibility in both workers’ hours and location as far as possible, with investment in telehealth and teleworking and allowance for face-to-face meetings in accommodating office-spaces.

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Hunter, Stewart. "Provision of care for congenital heart disease in the United Kingdom". Cardiology in the Young 4, nr 3 (lipiec 1994): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951100011100.

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The organization of the national health service in the United Kingdom has been under constant review and revision since its inception after the Second World War. Central government spends £35,894 million each year on the Health Service and it is the country's largest employer. Total health expenditure in the United Kingdom accounts for 6.1% of the Gross Domestic Product. This apparently compares unfavorably with 12.4% total health expenditure in the United States.States. However the public health expenditure is identical in the two countries, 5.2%, and this figure is similar in most developed countries including Australia, Denmark, Spain and Switzerland. The overall regional administration of the Health Service in England (Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have slightly different organizations) is well established, although the names of the different strata of administration change from time to time. The Secretary of State for Health oversees the Department of Health including the National Health Service Management Executive. Under this Management Executive are 14 Regional Health Authorities covering 100% of the total population.There are within the London area several Special Health Authorities set up in the past because of the particular expertise which they provided. These are under review and will almost certainly lose their special status in the future because of the improvements and increase in services nationwide. The Regional Health Authorities have under their care 177 District Health Authorities and 90 Family Health Service Authorities.They do not manage the National Health Service Trusts—a new development which allows hospitals and other organizations within the Health Service to work autonomously to provide NHS services.

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Chow, Josephine S. F., Veronica Eugenia Gonzalez-Arce, Chun Wah Michael Tam, Kerry Warner, Nutan Maurya i Alan Mcdougall. "Creating a successful health pathway to support the integration of patient care". Journal of Integrated Care 28, nr 2 (20.12.2019): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jica-08-2019-0039.

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Purpose HealthPathways (HPW) is an online health information portal which provides general practitioners (GPs), guidance on the assessment, management and referral of a range of conditions linked to local resources. However, there is a lack of understanding of the acceptance of pathways within primary health. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative study identified baseline factors that promote the successful implementation of HPW in a major local health district (LHD) in Australia. The development, implementation and acceptance of Diabetes HPW were evaluated. A total of 16 semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 stakeholders and 4 GPs. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed and analyzed qualitatively using a thematic analysis approach. Findings Four major themes were identified that promote the integration of care in the region through utilizing HPW: engagement, sustainability, transparency and accountability. Several factors identified as “enablers” or “barriers” are described at micro and macro levels of the healthcare system. Originality/value By combining the perspectives of both stakeholders and end-users, this qualitative evaluation of the localized HPW has identified relational and structural factors that promote the successful implementation of HPW to facilitate the integration of care in this LHD. Furthermore, this study provides other implementers with a comprehensive evaluation of the HPW development.

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Rivany, Ronnie. "Indonesia Diagnosis Related Groups". Kesmas: National Public Health Journal 4, nr 1 (1.08.2009): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v4i1.194.

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Di Amerika dan Australia, Kelompok Diagnosis Terkait (Diagnosis Related Group’s ) (DRGs) adalah suatu cara mengidentifikasi dan mengelompokkan pasien yang mempunyai kebutuhan dan sumber yang sama dirumah sakit berdasarkan alur perjalanan klinis (Clinical Pathway ). Penyakit yang mempunyai co morbidity atau co mortality, disebut Casemixdan mempunyai kode yang memperlihatkan derajat keparahan kelompok penyakit sehingga secara linear akan mem-pengaruhi besaran biaya perawatan. Dengan demikian, pembayaran perawatan di rumah sakit akan dilakukan berdasarkan “kesembuhan“ (cost of treatmentper diagnosis ), dan bukan berdasarkan penggunaan pelayanan medis dan non medis (fee for services). Di Indonesia sampai kini belum ada model perhi-tungan biaya untuk pembayaran perawatan mulai pasien masuk sampai sembuh dan keluar rumah sakit berdasarkan diagnosis (cost of treatment per diag-nosis). Pola pembiayaan yang digunakan di rumah sakit masih didasarkan pada fee for services. Dalam bentuk tesis, konsep Indonesia – DRG/ INA –DRG kami kembangkan di Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia, mengacu pada Australian DRG.Kata kunci : INA-DRG, kelompok diagnosis terkait, alur perjalanan klinisAbstractIn America, and Australian, Diagnosis Related Groups, known as DRGs is a method to identify and classify inpatients that have the same resources within hospitals based on Clinical Pathway. It has numbering/coding system used like a menu for determining the cost. The co morbidity and/or co mortality of a di-sease is called the Casemix, where it has numbering/coding that shows the degree of severity, which the cost linearly increased. Therefore the financing is based on the in-patients’ ”recovery” (cost of treatment per diagnosis), and not based on the utility of the medical and non medical treatments ( fee for services). One of the issues arise in Indonesia’s health financing system is that it does not have the costing model for health care financing, for inpatients from ad-mission to discharge (cost of treatment per diagnosis). Therefore the financing system used is based on fee for services. Using Australian DRG as reference, the concept of Indonesia–DRG / INA–DRG is developed by the researcher with Graduate Students in the Public Health and Hospital Administration Program, Postgraduate Studies Faculty of Public Health University of Indonesia, in Thesis.Keywords : INA-DRG’s, diagnosis related groups, clinical pathway

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Hasan, Tasnim, Victoria L. Krause, Christian James i Bart J. Currie. "Crusted scabies; a 2-year prospective study from the Northern Territory of Australia". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 14, nr 12 (18.12.2020): e0008994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008994.

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Background Scabies is listed as a neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization. Crusted scabies affects vulnerable and immunosuppressed individuals and is highly contagious because of the enormous number of Sarcoptes scabiei mites present in the hyperkeratotic skin. Undiagnosed and untreated crusted scabies cases can result in outbreaks of scabies in residential facilities and can also undermine the success of scabies mass drug administration programs. Methods and principal findings Crusted scabies became a formally notifiable disease in the Northern Territory of Australia in 2016. We conducted a 2-year prospective study of crusted scabies cases notified between March 2016 and February 2018, with subsequent follow up for 22 months. Demographics, clinical and laboratory data, treatment and outcomes were analysed, with cases classified by severity of disease. Over the 2-year study period, 80 patients had 92 episodes of crusted scabies; 35 (38%) were Grade 1 crusted scabies, 36 (39%) Grade 2 and 21 (23%) Grade 3. Median age was 47 years, 47 (59%) were female, 76 (95%) Indigenous Australians and 57 (71%) from remote Indigenous communities. Half the patients were diabetic and 18 (23%) were on dialysis for end-stage kidney failure. Thirteen (16%) patients had no comorbidities, and these were more likely to have Grade 3 disease. Eosinophilia was present in 60% and high immunoglobulin E in 94%. Bacteremia occurred in 11 episodes resulting in one fatality with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Two other deaths occurred during admission and 10 others died subsequent to discharge consequent to comorbidities. Treatment generally followed the recommended guidelines, with 3, 5 or 7 doses of oral ivermectin depending on the documented grade of crusted scabies, together with daily alternating topical scabicides and topical keratolytic cream. While response to this therapy was usually excellent, there were 33 episodes of recurrent crusted scabies with the majority attributed to new infection subsequent to return to a scabies-endemic community. Conclusions Crusted scabies can be successfully treated with aggressive guideline-based therapy, but high mortality remains from underlying comorbidities. Reinfection on return to community is common while scabies remains endemic.

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MARSTON, GREG, i LYNDA SHEVELLAR. "In the Shadow of the Welfare State: The Role of Payday Lending in Poverty Survival in Australia". Journal of Social Policy 43, nr 1 (11.10.2013): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279413000573.

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AbstractA defining characteristic of contemporary welfare governance in many western countries has been a reduced role for governments in direct provision of welfare, including housing, education, health and income support. One of the unintended consequences of devolutionary trends in social welfare is the development of a ‘shadow welfare state’ (Fairbanks, 2009; Gottschalk, 2000), which is a term used to describe the complex partnerships between state-based social protection, voluntarism and marketised forms of welfare. Coupled with this development, conditional workfare schemes in countries such as the United States, Canada, the UK and Australia are pushing more people into informal and semi-formal means of poverty survival (Karger, 2005). These transformations are actively reshaping welfare subjectivities and the role of the state in urban governance. Like other countries such as the US, Canada and the UK, the fringe lending sector in Australia has experienced considerable growth over the last decade. Large numbers of people on low incomes in Australia are turning to non-mainstream financial services, such as payday lenders, for the provision of credit to make ends meet. In this paper, we argue that the use of fringe lenders by people on low incomes reveals important theoretical and practical insights into the relationship between the mixed economy of welfare and the mixed economy of credit in poverty survival.

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Baker, Michael, Maripier Isabelle, Mark Stabile i Sara Allin. "Accounting for the Rising Caesarean Section Rate in Canada: What Are the Roles of Changing Needs, Practices, and Incentives?" Canadian Public Policy 48, nr 1 (1.03.2022): 36–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2021-017.

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In most high-income countries, including Canada, the share of births by Caesarean section (C-section) has risen over the past decades to far exceed World Health Organization recommendations of the proportion justified on medical grounds (15 percent). Although unnecessary C-sections represent an important cost for health care systems, they are not associated with clear benefits for the mother and the child and can sometimes represent additional risks. Drawing on administrative records of nearly four million births in Canada, as well as macro data from the United States and Australia, we provide a comprehensive account of rising C-section rates. We explicitly consider the contributions of the main factors brought forward in the policy literature, including changing characteristics of mothers, births, and physicians as well as changing financial incentives for C-section deliveries. These factors account for at most one-half of the increase in C-section rates between April 1994 and March 2011. The majority of the remaining increase in C-sections over the period occurred in the early 2000s. We suggest that some event or shock in the early 2000s is likely the primary determinant of the recent strong increase in the C-section rate in Canada.

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