Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Psychoses”
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Logsdail, S. J., i B. K. Toone. "Post-Ictal Psychoses". British Journal of Psychiatry 152, nr 2 (luty 1988): 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.152.2.246.
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Post-ictal psychoses have so far received little attention. The clinical details of 14 cases, diagnosed according to newly formulated criteria, were examined. Psychoses were usually precipitated by a run of seizures and occurred after a lucid interval. The seizures were partial complex with secondary generalisation in 11 cases. Catego analysis of the Present State Examination confirmed pleomorphic phenomenology. Follow-up details were available in all cases, for up to eight years. Psychoses tended to recur. Similarities with chronic epileptic psychosis are discussed, and a possible organic aetiology for post-ictal psychosis is proposed.
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Ungvari, Gabor Sandor, i Paul Edward Mullen. "Reactive Psychoses Revisited". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 34, nr 3 (czerwiec 2000): 458–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2000.00752.x.
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Objective and Method: This paper describes the overlap between reactive (psychogenic) psychosis and other brief psychotic episodes, and explores the gradual disappearance of reactive psychoses as a distinct nosological entity from international classifications. Clinical and conceptual issues concerning reactive psychosis are examined on the basis of a critical review of major classical and modern papers. A brief illustrative case history is also provided. Results: Reactive psychoses are conceptualised as severe disturbances of mental state, on occasion chameleon-like in their shifting form and content, arising in response to a stressful event or life situation. Reactive psychoses have an abrupt onset and usually run their course to complete resolution in a matter of days or weeks. Precipitants include overwhelming fear, threat of imminent destruction, social isolation (as can occur with imprisonment, immigration or deafness), bereavement and intense sexual or interpersonal conflicts. The emergence of a reactive psychosis usually occurs against the background of a predisposing vulnerability in terms of personality disorder, organic impairment, or a history of sensitising experiences, occasionally operating in combination. Conclusions: The increasing failure to recognise reactive psychoses diminishes clinical psychiatry because it removes an important opportunity for understanding mental disorder in terms of an integration, and totalisation, of developmental history, psychological makeup, social context and current realities, and in so doing lessens our awareness of the links between psychosis and our common humanity.
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Sousa, A., C. Solana, J. Gomes, P. Barata, R. Serrano, M. Lages, C. Oliveira i J. Chainho. "Cycloid psychosis: From Kleist until our days". European Psychiatry 33, S1 (marzec 2016): S366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1312.
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IntroductionAfter Emil Kraepelin's division of psychoses into a group of dementia praecox and manic-depressive insanity, the classification of psychoses with atypical symptoms, which could not be assigned in this dichotomy created a debate, that lasts until our days. These “atypical psychoses” had been described under many terms and concepts in different countries.In 1926, Kleist coined the term “cycloid psychosis” to describe cases which did not meet the typical presentation shown in Kraepelian's dichotomy. Three decades later, Karl Leonhard established the concept of cycloid psychosis as a nosologically independent group of endogenous psychosis.Objectives/AimsMake an historical review of the concept of cycloid psychosis. Discuss the clinical features and debate the classification of this clinical entity.MethodsA bibliographical review is made of the cycloid psychosis, based on the data published in Pubmed.ResultsAccording to Leonhard, cycloid psychosis generally present with bipolar, polymorphous clinical symptomatology, and run a phasic course with complete remissions after each episode. Furthermore, Leonhard delineated three subtypes: anxiety-happiness psychosis, confusion psychosis and motility psychosis presenting with different symptoms. In 1981, Perris and Brockington formulated the first set of operational criteria for cycloid psychoses. In recent years, new data about this entity have been acknowledged due to information displayed by different clinical studies and imaging techniques.ConclusionThe phenomenology and classification of cycloid psychosis still needs more evidence for a greater use in clinical practice. However, this clinical entity can solve the void for the diagnosis of many of the so-called “atypical psychoses”.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Susser, Ezra, Vijoy K. Varma, S. K. Mattoo, Molly Finnerty, Ramin Mojtabai, B. M. Tripathi, Arun K. Misra i N. N. Wig. "Long-term course of acute brief psychosis in a developing country setting". British Journal of Psychiatry 173, nr 3 (wrzesień 1998): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.173.3.226.
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BackgroundThis study in North India compared acute brief psychosis – defined by acute onset, brief duration and no early relapse – with other remitting psychoses, over a 12-year course and outcome.MethodIn a cohort of incident psychoses, we identified 20 cases of acute brief psychosis and a comparison group of 43 other remitting psychoses based on two-year follow-up. Seventeen people (85%) in the acute brief psychosis group and 36 (84%) in the comparison group were reassessed at five, seven and 12 years after onset, and were rediagnosed using ICD–10 criteria.ResultsAt 12-year follow-up, the proportion with remaining signs of illness was 6% (n=1) for acute brief psychosis versus 50% (n=18) for the comparison group (P=0.002). Using ICD–10 criteria, the majority in both groups were diagnosed as having schizophrenia.ConclusionsAcute brief psychosis has a distinctive and benign long-term course when compared with other remitting psychoses. This finding supports the ICD– 10 concept of a separable group of acute and transient psychotic disorders. To effectively separate this group, however, the ICD–10 criteria need modification.
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Filatova, S., R. Marttila, H. Koivumaa-Honkanen, T. Nordström, J. Veijola, P. Mäki, G. M. Khandaker i in. "A comparison of the cumulative incidence and early risk factors for psychotic disorder in young adults in the Northern Finland Birth Cohorts 1966 and 1986". Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 26, nr 3 (28.03.2016): 314–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796016000123.
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Aims.Few studies have compared time trends for the incidence of psychosis. To date, the results have been inconsistent, showing a decline, an increase or no significant change. As far as we know, no studies explored changes in prevalence of early risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in early risk factors and cumulative incidences of psychosis by type of psychosis in two comparable birth cohorts.Methods.The Northern Finland Birth cohorts (NFBCs) 1966 (N = 12 058) and 1986 (N = 9432) are prospective general population-based cohorts with the children followed since mother's mid-pregnancy. The data for psychoses, i.e. schizophrenia (narrow, spectrum), bipolar disorder with psychotic features, major depressive episode with psychotic features, brief psychosis and other psychoses (ICD 8–10) were collected from nationwide registers including both inpatients and outpatients. The data on early risk factors including sex and place of birth of the offspring, parental age and psychosis, maternal education at birth were prospectively collected from the population registers. The follow-up reached until the age of 27 years.Results.An increase in the cumulative incidence of all psychoses was seen (1.01% in NFBC 1966 v. 1.90% in NFBC 1986; p < 0.001), which was due to an increase in diagnosed affective and other psychoses. Earlier onset of cases and relatively more psychoses in women were observed in the NFBC 1986. Changes in prevalence of potential early risk factors were identified, but only parental psychosis was a significant predictor in both cohorts (hazard ratios ≥3.0; 95% CI 1.86–4.88). The difference in psychosis incidence was not dependent on changes in prevalence of studied early risk factors.Conclusions.Surprisingly, increase in the cumulative incidence of psychosis and also changes in the types of psychoses were found between two birth cohorts 20 years apart. The observed differences could be due to real changes in incidence or they can be attributable to changes in diagnostic practices, or to early psychosis detection and treatment.
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Gayane Kirakosyan i Alina Frolova. "Understanding psychosis: diagnosis and clinical presentation (updates for clinicians)". World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 13, nr 1 (30.01.2022): 065–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.13.1.0759.
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Psychosis is understood as the brightest manifestations of mental illness, in which the patient's mental activity does not correspond to the surrounding reality, the reflection of the real world in consciousness is sharply distorted, which manifests itself in behavioral disorders, abnormal pathological symptoms and syndromes. Psychosis is a combination of biological (genetic, neuroanatomical, neurophysiological), psychological and social factors in various proportions. Psychoses are classified according to their origin (etiology) and reasons (pathogenetic mechanisms of development) into endogenous (including endogenous psychoses include schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, some psychotic forms of affective disorders), organic, somatogenic, psychogenic (reactive, situational), intoxication, withdrawal and post-withdrawal. Most often, psychoses develop in the framework of so-called endogenous disorder. The concepts of psychosis and schizophrenia are often equated, which is incorrect as psychotic disorders can occur in a number of mental illnesses: Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia, chronic alcoholism, drug addiction, epilepsy, intellectual disabilities, etc. Other types of psychosis, such as infectious, somatic and intoxication psychoses are quite often find among patients in non-psychiatric practices. This review article is a good educational material for medical and psychological practitioners whose goal is to improve knowledge and diagnostic processes of psychosis and its related disorders.
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Lasalvia, Antonio, Chiara Bonetto, Sarah Tosato, Gioia Zanatta, Doriana Cristofalo, Damiano Salazzari, Lorenza Lazzarotto i in. "First-contact incidence of psychosis in north-eastern Italy: influence of age, gender, immigration and socioeconomic deprivation". British Journal of Psychiatry 205, nr 2 (sierpień 2014): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.134445.
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BackgroundConsiderable variations in the incidence of psychosis have been observed across countries, in terms of age, gender, immigration status, urbanicity and socioeconomic deprivation.AimsTo evaluate the incidence rate of first-episode psychosis in a large area of north-eastern Italy and the distribution of the above-mentioned risk factors in individuals with psychoses.MethodEpidemiologically based survey. Over a 3-year period individuals with psychosis on first contact with services were identified and diagnosed according to ICD-10 criteria.ResultsIn total, 558 individuals with first-episode psychosis were identified during 3 077 555 person-years at risk. The annual incidence rate per 100 000 was 18.1 for all psychoses, 14.3 for non-affective psychoses and 3.8 for affective psychoses. The rate for all psychoses was higher in young people aged 20–29 (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 4.18, 95% CI 2.77–6.30), immigrants (IRR = 2.26, 95% CI 1.85–2.75) and those living in the most deprived areas (IRR = 2.09, 95% CI 1.54–2.85).ConclusionsThe incidence rate in our study area was lower than that found in other European and North American studies and provides new insights into the factors that may increase and/or decrease risk for developing psychosis.
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Guinness, E. A. "II. Brief Reactive Psychosis and the Major Functional Psychoses: Descriptive Case Studies in Africa". British Journal of Psychiatry 160, S16 (kwiecień 1992): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000296773.
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In a three-year prospective study of service-based incidence of functional psychoses in Africa, 94 cases of brief reactive psychosis were compared with 56 cases of schizophreniform syndromes, 29 cases of DSM-III schizophrenia and 14 of manic-depressive psychosis. This was supplemented by retrospective study of the same syndromes not in their first episode. Brief reactive psychosis was found to be a composite syndrome. The 50% with preceding depression were a distinct group, in terms of course and demographic features. Of those with intense prodromal anxiety, most were a single episode precipitated by a major life event, a few showed a recurrent long-term pattern. Schizophrenia was heralded, or presented unequivocally months or years later, in 10-20%. The schizophreniform group comprised a range of atypical psychoses intermediate between the transient and major psychoses. The pattern of precipitants and the over-representation of education and paid employment in the acute syndromes, compared with the major psychoses, in a society which was largely first-generation educated, suggested a link with rapid social change.
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Quattrone, Diego. "Genetic substrates of cannabis-associated psychosis". Revista Española de Drogodependencias 47, nr 4 (30.12.2022): 86–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.54108/10030.
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This paper will summarise the main substrates of cannabis-associated psychoses. First, an epistemological framework will be introduced to support the existence of a specific ‘cannabisassociated psychosis’ as a nosological entity distinct from idiopathic schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Then, the main clinical characteristics of cannabis-associated psychoses will be examined. Finally, the biological and genetic correlates of cannabis-associated psychosis will be presented.
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Echeverría Hernández, N., M. D. M. Lázaro Redondo, F. de la Torre Brasas, A. Duque Domínguez, A. Mas Villaseñor, C. García Montero, L. Martín Díaz i M. Otalora Navarro. "Psychoses of epilepsy – “Acute attacks of insanity”. What literature says and how we act". European Psychiatry 33, S1 (marzec 2016): S630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2364.
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IntroductionPatients with epilepsy seem particularly liable to certain major psychiatric disorders. Prevalence of schizophrenia within an epileptic population varies between 3% and 7% (1% in general population). The aetiology is possibly multifactorial (drugs and neurosurgery).ObjectivesTo study comorbidity between psychoses and epilepsy and management in the literature and in our patients.AimsTo analyze factors that might influence the onset of psychoses within an epileptic population and how this potential association could influence our practice.MethodsPubMed search was conducted with interest in psychoses of epilepsy, pharmacology, and comorbidity. Up to 10 variables related with factors influencing psychotic episodes that required hospital admission in three patients with epilepsy were studied.ResultsUnlike published data, our patients did not have postictal psychoses. All cases had early onset temporal lobe epilepsy with no seizure activity since diagnosis (more than 20 years). No family history of either epilepsy or psychoses. Management included lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, carbamazepine, zonisamide, and levetiracetam in conventional doses. The psychosis, which comprised affective, schizophrenic, and confusional elements, lasted longer and was more troublesome than psychosis in non-epileptic patients. Response to neuroleptics was poorer than in non-epileptic patients with psychoses. Consultation with Neurology Unit resulted in end of treatment with zonisamide and levetiracetam.ConclusionsLess than perfect evidence suggests the association between psychosis and epilepsy. In our patients, no postictal cases were recorded. Management showed poorer effect of neuroleptics when compared with non-epileptics, and zonisamide and levetiracetam were changed for other drugs with presumably lower association with psychoses.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Murrie, Benjamin, Julia Lappin, Matthew Large i Grant Sara. "Transition of Substance-Induced, Brief, and Atypical Psychoses to Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, nr 3 (16.10.2019): 505–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbz102.
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Abstract Some people who experience substance-induced psychosis later develop an enduring psychotic disorder such as schizophrenia. This study examines the proportion of people with substance-induced psychoses who transition to schizophrenia, compares this to other brief and atypical psychoses, and examines moderators of this risk. A search of MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and Embase identified 50 eligible studies, providing 79 estimates of transition to schizophrenia among 40 783 people, including 25 studies providing 43 substance-specific estimates in 34 244 people. The pooled proportion of transition from substance-induced psychosis to schizophrenia was 25% (95% CI 18%–35%), compared with 36% (95% CI 30%–43%) for brief, atypical and not otherwise specified psychoses. Type of substance was the primary predictor of transition from drug-induced psychosis to schizophrenia, with highest rates associated with cannabis (6 studies, 34%, CI 25%–46%), hallucinogens (3 studies, 26%, CI 14%–43%) and amphetamines (5 studies, 22%, CI 14%–34%). Lower rates were reported for opioid (12%), alcohol (10%) and sedative (9%) induced psychoses. Transition rates were slightly lower in older cohorts but were not affected by sex, country of the study, hospital or community location, urban or rural setting, diagnostic methods, or duration of follow-up. Substance-induced psychoses associated with cannabis, hallucinogens, and amphetamines have a substantial risk of transition to schizophrenia and should be a focus for assertive psychiatric intervention.
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Phanjoo, A. "Treatment of psychoses in the elderly". Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 2, nr 3 (maj 1996): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.2.3.133.
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Psychotic disorders in the elderly can be divided into three types: disorders that have started in earlier life and persist into old age; disorders that start de novo after the age of 60, and psychoses associated with brain disease, including the dementias. The classification of psychoses in late life has provoked controversy for nearly a century. The debate concerns whether schizophrenia can present at any stage of life or whether functional psychoses, arising for the first time in late life, represent different illnesses. The nomenclature of such disorders consists of numerous terms including late onset schizophrenia, late paraphrenia, paranoid psychosis of late life and schizophreniform psychosis. This plethora of terms has made research difficult to interpret.
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Möller, H. J., M. Hohe-Schramm, C. Cording-Tömmel, W. Schmid-Bode, H. U. Wittchen, M. Zaudig i D. Von Zressen. "The Classification of Functional Psychoses and its Implications for Prognosis". British Journal of Psychiatry 154, nr 4 (kwiecień 1989): 467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.154.4.467.
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One hundred and eighty-three patients suffering from functional psychoses were diagnosed according to ICD–8, RDC, and DSM–III criteria, and the concordance rates for the diagnoses compared. The heterogeneity of the diagnosis 'schizoaffective psychosis' as defined by these systems became clear. With respect to prognosis, the DSM–III diagnosis of schizophrenia was most closely related to poor outcome. Affective psychoses and schizoaffective psychoses, as well as DSM–III 'schizophreniform disorders', demonstrated a favourable prognosis.
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Aliyev, N. A., i Z. N. Aliyev. "Modern Approach towards Clinical Evaluation and Treatment of Alcohol Psychoses". Addiction Research and Adolescent Behaviour 4, nr 1 (4.11.2021): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2688-7517/027.
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Based on the literature and our own data in article outlines current clinical picture of alcoholic psychosis (delirium tremens, hallusinosis, alcohol delusion psychoses, jealousy), and theirs modem treatment methods. To give separate recommendation on the therapy of the delirium tremens, hallusinosis, alcohol delusion psychoses, jealousy etc. These data are of great practical and theoretical significance.
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Vid, V. D., i N. B. Lutova. "Te evidence-based psychotherapy of psychoses: current analysis of the problem". V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY, nr 4 (24.02.2019): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31363/2313-7053-2018-4-12-16.
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Te appearance of the biopsychosocial model of psychosis near the end of the past century opened the way to the integration of psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic approaches to the therapy of psychoses. Te studies carried out since the beginning of the present century have demonstrated the undoubted advantage in the evidence-based effectiveness of the integrated models using the cognitive-behavioural therapy of psychoses over the monopharmacotherapy. Te problems of the further practical implementation of the biopsychosocial model in the therapy of psychoses and the ways of their solving are discussed.
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Susser, Ezra, Vijoy K. Varma, Savita Malhotra, Sarah Conover i Xavier F. Amador. "Delineation of Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorders in a Developing Country Setting". British Journal of Psychiatry 167, nr 2 (sierpień 1995): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.167.2.216.
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BackgroundWe examined whether acute transient psychoses can be distinguished from schizophrenia and the affective disorders.MethodWe studied 46 cases of nonaffective acute psychosis in the Chandigarh Acute Psychosis Study. With respect to separation from schizophrenia, we examined the distribution of duration of the episode. With respect to separation from affective disorders, we assessed the frequency of affective symptoms.ResultsDuration was bimodal, suggesting the presence of two distinct conditions of short and long duration. Affective symptoms were minimal, suggesting that these were not atypical affective syndromes.ConclusionsAcute transient psychoses conform neither with schizophrenia of brief duration nor with atypical affective psychosis, and thus require separate classification as proposed in the ICD–10.
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McGuire, P. K., P. Jones, P. McGuffin i R. M. Murray. "‘Cannabis psychosis’ and the major psychoses". Schizophrenia Research 9, nr 2-3 (kwiecień 1993): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-9964(93)90126-4.
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Bokhan, N. A., G. M. Usov, S. A. Rakitin i M. V. Kurushkin. "Treatment of Acute Drug-Induced Psychoses, Associated with Modern Synthetic Psychoactive Substances". Psikhiatriya 20, nr 4 (11.01.2023): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2022-20-4-54-63.
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Use of new synthetic drugs (synthetic cannabinoids — “spices”, synthetic psychostimulants — “salts”, synthetic GABA-agonists — “butyrates”) is associated with a high risk of psychoses. Nowadays there are no evidence-based guidelines for treatment of these psychotic disorders. Objective: to develop effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of acute substance-induced psychoses associated with modern synthetic drugs. Material and methods: 96 patients with substance-induced psychoses associated with synthetic cannabinoids (n = 32), synthetic psychostimulants (n = 33), and synthetic GABA-agonists (n = 31) were examined. In these groups we estimated effectiveness of different combination therapy: desintoxication and benzodiazepine, desintoxication and benzodiazepine and haloperidol, desintoxication, benzodiazepine and phenibut. The following methods were used: clinical-psychopathological, laboratory, statistics. Results: сomparative efficacy of therapeutic strategies differed in three investigated groups. In psychoses associated with synthetic cannabinoids the most effective strategy was haloperidol add-on. Differences between treatment approaches in group of psychostimulants-induced psychoses were not found. In psychoses associated with synthetic GABA-agonists the most effective strategy was phenibut add-on. Conclusion: the choice of effective therapeutic intervention in drug-induced psychosis should be based on type of synthetic drug.
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Caton, Carol L. M., Deborah S. Hasin, Patrick E. Shrout, Robert E. Drake, Boanerges Domínguez, Michael B. First, Sharon Samet i Bella Schanzer. "Stability of early-phase primary psychotic disorders with concurrent substance use and substance-induced psychosis". British Journal of Psychiatry 190, nr 2 (luty 2007): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.015784.
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BackgroundThe stability of the diagnostic distinction between a substance-induced psychosis and a primary psychotic disorder co-occurring with substance use is not established.AimsTo describe DSM – IV diagnostic changes over 1 year and determine the predictive validity of baseline indicators of the substance-induced psychosis v. primary psychosis distinction.MethodWe conducted a 1-year follow-up study of 319 psychiatric emergency department admissions with diagnoses of early-phase psychosis and substance use comorbidity.ResultsOf those with a baseline DSM—IV diagnosis of substance-induced psychosis, 25% had a diagnosis of primary psychosis at follow-up. These patients had poorer premorbid functioning, less insight into psychosis and greater family mental illness than patients with a stable diagnosis of substance-induced psychosis. Reclassifying change cases to primary psychoses on follow-up, key baseline predictors of the primary/substance-induced distinction at 1 year also included greater family history of mental illness in the primary psychosis group.ConclusionsFurther study of substance-induced psychoses should employ neuroscientific and behavioural approaches. Study findings can guide more accurate diagnoses at first treatment.
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Bravve, L. V., i N. V. Zakharova. "COVID-19-Associated Schizophrenia-Like Psychosis". Psikhiatriya 20, nr 4 (11.01.2023): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2022-20-4-44-53.
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Background: COVID-19-associated psychoses are psychotic disorders that have developed during a new coronavirus infection. Criteria of these psychoses are the manifestation of psychosis simultaneously with infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the presence of documented COVID-19 disease. Information about these diseases appears as brief reports of mental services or with rare clusters. The need to study COVID-19-associated psychoses is due to the relatively high risk of their development, reaching 2.8%. The aim of study was to analyse the identified cases of COVID-19-associated psychosis in comparison with the results presented in the scientific literature. Patients and methods: 50 cases of COVID-19-associated psychosis were analyzed using a clinical method, taking into account the results of physical examination from April 2020 to September 2021. Results: 27 women and 23 men aged 20 to 57 were examined. Common symptoms were revealed: simultaneously or immediately after infection and identification of the virus against the background of growing anxiety and dissomnia, delusional ideas were formed, which quickly turned into fantastic delusion with disturbing agitation and hallucinations and subsequent marked disorganization of behavior with possible confusion of consciousness at the peak of psychosis. Perceptual deceptions were the most common, auditory hallucinations were the most prevalent, and catatonia was relatively common. The cupping therapy led to reduction of psychotic symptoms, and returned patients to a pre-morbid level of functioning. In most cases, there was a critical resolution of the attack, which probably indicates a favorable outcome of the disorder. Such dynamics is consistent with scientific literature data. Conclusion: the question of the primary or secondary nature of COVID-19-associated psychoses remains unresolved. It is necessary to continue the study of COVID-19-associated psychosis with the identification of risk factors for the development of psychosis, manifestation features, psychopathological picture, outcome options to determine the optimal rehabilitation program.
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Klompenhouwer, JL, AM van Hulst, JHM Tulen, ML Jacobs, BC Jacobs i F. Segers. "The clinical features of postpartum psychoses". European Psychiatry 10, nr 7 (1995): 355–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-9338(96)80337-3.
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SummaryThe clinical features and symptoms of postpartum psychoses are presented in relation to the classification according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) and the concept of “puerperal psychosis”. A number of symptoms, ie confusional symptoms, depersonalization, misrecognitions and the “kaleidoscopic” picture are shown to be prominent features. In schizoaffective disorder and unspecified functional psychosis a higher frequency of confusional symptoms, misrecognitions, thematic delusions and a “kaleidoscopic” course of illness was found compared to schizophrenia, mania or depression. The findings of this study support a special status for postpartum psychosis and suggest a link with the concept of cycloid psychosis. In the management of postpartum mental disorder the risk of child-directed aggression, suicide and sudden relapses into psychosis requires special attention.
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Keks, Nicholas, i Russell D'Souza. "Spirituality and Psychosis". Australasian Psychiatry 11, nr 2 (czerwiec 2003): 170–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1039-8562.2003.00510.x.
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Objective: To examine a few links between spirituality and psychosis through illustrative cases. Conclusions: Psychoses exact a terrible toll on people. In approximately half the patients there is an enduring loss of richness of personality - the so-called deficit syndrome. Many people with psychoses attempt and complete suicide. Spirituality may be critical for dealing with the assault that psychoses effects on identity and personality. It may also help in coping with devastating loss. Religion and spirituality may replace some of the loss, and may also play a key role in psychotherapeutic support and recovery. However, religion can also be a source of pain, guilt and exclusion, and religious themes may also play a negative role in psychopathology.
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Eagles, John M., i Lawrence J. Whalley. "Ageing and Affective Disorders: The Age at First Onset of Affective Disorders in Scotland, 1969–1978". British Journal of Psychiatry 147, nr 2 (sierpień 1985): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.147.2.180.
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SummaryFirst admission rates from 1969–78 for Scottish psychiatric units were calculated for discharge diagnoses of affective psychosis for each five-year age-group from 15 years to over 74 years. There were clear-cut linear increases in rates of depressive psychoses, mania, and all affective psychoses, consistent with a relatively steady increase in the rate of first-onset affective psychoses with increasing age. These findings are discussed in terms of social, psychological, and biological hypotheses of the causes of affective disorder. It is argued that no single factor could produce the observed linear increases with age and that the data appear more consistent with an integrative aetiological model of affective disorder.
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Stein, Daniel, Aharon Hanukoglu, Slulamit Blank i Avner Elizur. "Cyclic Psychosis Associated with the Menstrual Cycle". British Journal of Psychiatry 163, nr 6 (grudzień 1993): 824–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.163.6.824.
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Psychotic symptoms are not included under accepted definitions of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). We present a 14-year-old girl with PMS, who developed a late luteal cyclic psychosis during two consecutive premenstrual periods, which resolved completely after the onset of menses. She was treated with dehydroxyprogesterone for two cycles, and later with placebo for the next three consecutive cycles. Psychotic symptoms did not reappear following two psychotic cycles, and the PMS resolved within the next menstrual cycle. We suggest that cyclic psychoses associated with the menstrual cycle may be a specific benign entity, not included under the recognised functional psychoses. In some cases these psychoses could be classified as a subgroup of PMS.
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Lassila, M., T. Nordström, T. Hurtig, P. Mäki, E. Jääskeläinen, E. Oinas i J. Miettunen. "School success in childhood and subsequent prodromal symptoms and psychoses in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986". Psychological Medicine 50, nr 6 (23.04.2019): 948–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291719000825.
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AbstractBackgroundLow IQ is a risk factor for psychosis, but the effect of high IQ is more controversial. The aim was to explore the association of childhood school success with prodromal symptoms in adolescence and psychoses in adulthood.MethodsIn the general population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (n = 8 229), we studied the relationship between teacher-assessed learning deficits, special talents and general school success at age 8 years and both prodromal symptoms (PROD-screen) at age 15–16 years and the occurrence of psychoses by age 30 years.ResultsMore prodromal symptoms were experienced by those talented in oral presentation [boys: adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.49; 95% confidence interval 1.14–1.96; girls: 1.23; 1.00–1.52] or drawing (boys: 1.44; 1.10–1.87). Conversely, being talented in athletics decreased the probability of psychotic-like symptoms (boys: OR 0.72; 0.58–0.90). School success below average predicted less prodromal symptoms with boys (OR 0.68; 0.48–0.97), whereas above-average success predicted more prodromal symptoms with girls (OR 1.22; 1.03–1.44). The occurrence of psychoses was not affected. Learning deficits did not associate with prodromal symptoms or psychoses.ConclusionsLearning deficits in childhood did not increase the risk of prodromal symptoms in adolescence or later psychosis in this large birth cohort. Learning deficits are not always associated with increased risk of psychosis, which might be due to, e.g. special support given in schools. The higher prevalence of prodromal symptoms in talented children may reflect a different kind of relationship of school success with prodromal symptoms compared to full psychoses.
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Zanetti, Marcus V., Maristela S. Schaufelberger, Cláudio C. de Castro, Paulo R. Menezes, Márcia Scazufca, Philip K. McGuire, Robin M. Murray i Geraldo F. Busatto. "White-matter hyperintensities in first-episode psychosis". British Journal of Psychiatry 193, nr 1 (lipiec 2008): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.038901.
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BackgroundWhite-matter hyperintensities have been associated with both schizophrenia and mood disorders, particularly bipolar disorder, but results are inconsistent across studiesAimsTo examine whether white-matter hyperintensities are a vulnerability marker for psychosis or are specifically associated with bipolar disorderMethodT2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired in 129 individuals with first-episode psychosis (either affective or non-affective psychoses) and 102 controls who were randomly selected from the same geographical areas. Visual white-matter hyperintensity ratings were used for group and subgroup comparisonsResultsThere were no statistically significant between-group differences in white-matter hyperintensity frequency or severity scores. No significant correlations were found between white-matter hyperintensity scores and duration of illness, duration of untreated psychosis, or severity of psychotic, manic or depressive symptomsConclusionsWhite-matter hyperintensities are not associated with vulnerability to psychosis in general, or specifically with affective psychoses. Further, first-episode psychosis investigations using more quantitative methods are warranted to confirm these findings
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Ittig, S., E. Studerus, U. Heitz, S. Menghini-Müller, L. Egloff, K. Beck, L. Leanza, C. Andreou i A. Riecher-Rössler. "Estradiol Production Suppressed by Prolactin in at-risk Mental State and First Episode Psychosis Female Patients? Preliminary Results". European Psychiatry 41, S1 (kwiecień 2017): S267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.086.
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IntroductionClinical, epidemiological and basic research studies have confirmed that estradiol can have protective effects in schizophrenic psychoses. At the same time many patients with schizophrenic psychoses – even antipsychotic naïve at-risk mental state (ARMS) patients show hyperprolactinemia and gonadal dysfunction with estrogen deficiency in women and possibly testosterone deficiency in men.AimTo investigate the relation between the stress hormone prolactin and the sex hormones estradiol in women and testosterone in men in emerging psychosis.MethodsForty-seven antipsychotic-naïve ARMS (38 men and 9 women) and 17 antipsychotic-naive first episode psychosis (FEP) (14 men and 3 women) patients were recruited via the Basel Früherkennung von Psychosen (FePsy) study. Blood was taken under standardized conditions between 8 and 10 am after an overnight fast and 30 minutes of rest. We performed a linear regression model to evaluate the association between prolactin and sex hormones including age and current antidepressant use as covariates.ResultsIn women, estradiol was negatively associated with prolactin (β = −1.28, P = 0.01) whereas in men there was a positive association of testosterone with prolactin (β = 0.52, P = 0.031).ConclusionThe often observed estrogen deficiency in women with psychosis could therefore be explained by the stress hormone prolactin suppressing the gonadal axis already in very early untreated stages of the emerging disease.In ARMS or FEP men prolactin does not seem to influence the gonadal axis in the same way as in women.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Rakova-Carron, Liuba, i Vassilis Kapsambelis. "La troisième psychose". Psychologie clinique et projective 34, nr 2 (19.12.2023): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pcp.034.0035.
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Les termes de psychose, de schizophrénie et d’autisme ont connu des périmètres variables au fil des décennies. Notre étude a pour but d’établir les différences entre les psychoses de l’adulte (schizophrénies ou pas), et les syndromes psychotiques observés à l’âge adulte chez de patients qui, enfants, avaient été diagnostiqués comme psychotiques (ce qui entrerait aujourd’hui dans les troubles du spectre autistique). Cette différenciation se fait à partir de critères psychopathologiques et projectifs, et tend à montrer que ces adultes, anciens « enfants psychotiques », présentent des modalités de fonctionnement mental qui diffèrent, aussi bien des fonctionnements incluant un objet de délire (psychoses délirantes) que des fonctionnements utilisant un objet-fétiche (psychoses froides et certains aspects des fonctionnements limite).
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Cardno, Alastair G., Pak C. Sham, Robin M. Murray i Peter McGuffin. "Twin study of symptom dimensions in psychoses". British Journal of Psychiatry 179, nr 1 (lipiec 2001): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.179.1.39.
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BackgroundSymptomatology in psychoses can be summarised as quantitative symptom dimensions, but their genetic basis is unknown.AimsTo investigate whether genes make an important contribution to symptom dimensions.MethodA total of 224 probandwise twin pairs (106 monozygotic, 118 same-gender dizygotic) where probands had psychosis were ascertained from the Maudsley Twin Register in London. Factor analysis was performed on lifetime symptoms rated on the Operational Checklist for Psychotic Disorders (OPCRIT). Correlations of dimension scores within monozygotic and dizygotic pairs concordant for Research Diagnostic Criteria psychoses were performed. Relationships between dimension scores and genetic loading for psychoses were assessed using logistic regression.ResultsPatterns of familial aggregation consistent with a genetic effect were found for the disorganised dimension and for some measures of the negative, manic and general psychotic dimensions. Disorganised dimension scores were related significantly to genetic loading for psychoses.ConclusionsThe disorganised dimension, and possibly other symptom dimensions, may be useful phenotypes for molecular genetic studies of psychoses.
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Hollis, Chris. "Developmental precursors of child- and adolescent-onset schizophrenia and affective psychoses: diagnostic specificity and continuity with symptom dimensions". British Journal of Psychiatry 182, nr 1 (2.01.2003): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.182.1.37.
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BackgroundAn increased rate of premorbid impairment has been reported in both child- and adolescent-onset schizophrenic and affective psychoses.AimsTo examine the evidence for a specific association between premorbid impairment and child- and adolescent-onset schizophrenia, and whether specific continuities exist between premorbid impairments and psychotic symptom dimensions.MethodRetrospective case note study of 110 first-episode child- and adolescent-onset psychoses (age 10–17 years). DSM–III–R diagnoses derived from the OPCRIT algorithm showed 61 with schizophrenia (mean age 14.1 years) and 49 with other non-schizophrenic psychoses (mean age 14.7 years).ResultsPremorbid social impairment was more common in early-onset schizophrenia than in other early-onset psychoses (OR 1.9, P=0.03). Overall, impaired premorbid development, enuresis and incontinence during psychosis were specifically associated with the negative psychotic symptom dimension.ConclusionsPremorbid social impairments are more marked in child- and adolescent-onset schizophrenia than in other psychoses. There appears to be developmental continuity from premorbid impairment to negative symptoms.
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Horn, Rolf. "The Concept of Delirium in German-Speaking Psychiatry". International Psychogeriatrics 3, nr 2 (grudzień 1991): 209–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610291000674.
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The concept of delirium has gone through a major transformation in German-speaking psychiatry. In the traditional German-speaking literature, the concept was defined in very broad terms, partially corresponding to our present concept of psychosis. Today, the term is usually interpreted in terms of Bonhoeffer's “acute exogenous reaction types” which are classified under the reversible psychoses with “lowered consciousness”; the reversible (acute) organic psychoses are subdivided into those with and those without disturbance of consciousness.
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Harrison, Glynn, Shazad Amin, Swaran P. Singh, Tim Croudace i Peter Jones. "Outcome of psychosis in people of African–Caribbean family origin". British Journal of Psychiatry 175, nr 1 (lipiec 1999): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.175.1.43.
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BackgroundAn increased incidence of psychotic disorders has repeatedly been reported among African–Caribbeans in the UK.AimsTo test whether the increased incidence of psychotic disorders in first-and second-generation African–Caribbeans in the UK could be caused by a relative excess of affective-related psychoses with good prognosis.MethodThirty-three patients of African–Caribbean family origin identified in a population-based study of first-episode psychoses were compared with the remaining cases. Three-year outcomes and patterns of course were compared.ResultsThere was a trend for better outcomes in African–Caribbean patients for symptoms and social disability, but patterns of course were similar (odds ratio=0.9 (–0.50 to –2.00)). Pattern of course improved after adjustment for confounding by gender, social class, age, diagnosis and duration of untreated illness (odds ratio=0.59 (–0.21 to –1.66)). Diagnostic profiles were similar, with no evidence of greater diagnostic instability in the African–Caribbean group.ConclusionPattern of course of psychosis did not differ significantly by ethnic family background. An excess of good-prognosis affective psychoses is an unlikely explanation for increased rates of psychosis in African–Caribbeans.
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Van Os, Jim, Machteld Marcelis, Pak Sham, Peter Jones, Karyna Gilvarry i Robin Murray. "Psychopathological syndromes and familial morbid risk of psychosis". British Journal of Psychiatry 170, nr 3 (marzec 1997): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.170.3.241.
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BackgroundFamilial liability in the functional psychoses had traditionally been examined by comparing mutually exclusive diagnostic categories. This study examines overlapping psychopathological dimensions in relation to familial morbid risk of psychosis.MethodWe tested for associations between seven factor-analysis derived psychopathological dimensions and familial morbid risk of psychosis, in a sample of 150 patients with recent-onset functional psychosis and 548 of their first-degree relatives.ResultsA syndrome characterised by affective blunting and insidious and early onset of illness, non-specifically predicted psychosis in the first-degree relatives, whereas a manic syndrome specifically predicted affective psychosis in the relatives. No other main effects were observed, but there were interactions with proband diagnosis: a syndrome characterised by bizarre behaviour, inappropriate affect, catatonia and poor rapport predicted psychosis in relatives of schizophrenic probands, and a syndrome of depressive: symptoms predicted psychosis in relatives of schizoaffective probands. Positive symptoms were not associated with illness in the relatives.ConclusionsGenetic effects in the functional psychoses may comprise non-specific components that canalise a general, early-onset, affective blunting phenotype and several other, more specific, influences on phenotypic variation.
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Bredkjær, Søren, Pre Ben Bo Mort Ensen i Josef Parnas. "Epilepsy and non-organic non-affective psychosis". British Journal of Psychiatry 172, nr 3 (marzec 1998): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.172.3.235.
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BackgroundThis study tests the hypothesis that epilepsy increases the risk of developing schizophrenia and other non-affective functional psychoses using a nationwide sample of people with epilepsy.MethodA record linkage study between a sample from the National Patient Register, consisting of 67 116 people with epilepsy, and the Danish Psychiatric Register identified all people with non-affective psychoses with onset after the first epilepsy diagnosis. The relation between risk of psychiatric disorder in people with epilepsy and the general Danish population was estimated.ResultsThe incidences of the spectrum of non-organic non-affective psychosis, non-affective psychosis and schizophrenia were significantly increased both for men and women, even after exclusion of people diagnosed as suffering from a learning disability or substance misuse.ConclusionThis study supports the notion of an association between epilepsy and the risk of subsequent non-affective psychosis.
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Dazzan, Paola, Tuhina Lloyd, Kevin D. Morgan, Jolanta Zanelli, Craig Morgan, Ken Orr, Gerard Hutchinson i in. "Neurological abnormalities and cognitive ability in first-episode psychosis". British Journal of Psychiatry 193, nr 3 (wrzesień 2008): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.045450.
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BackgroundIt remains unclear if the excess of neurological soft signs, or of certain types of neurological soft signs, is common to all psychoses, and whether this excess is simply an epiphenomenon of the lower general cognitive ability present in psychosis.AimsTo investigate whether an excess of neurological soft signs is independent of diagnosis (schizophrenia v. affective psychosis) and cognitive ability (IQ).MethodEvaluation of types of neurological soft signs in a prospective cohort of all individuals presenting with psychoses over 2 years (n=310), and in a control group from the general population (n=239).ResultsPrimary (P<0.001), motor coordination (P<0.001), and motor sequencing (P<0.001) sign scores were significantly higher in people with any psychosis than in the control group. However, only primary and motor coordination scores remained higher when individuals with psychosis and controls were matched for premorbid and current IQ.ConclusionsHigher rates of primary and motor coordination signs are not associated with lower cognitive ability, and are specific to the presence of psychosis.
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Garver, D. L., F. Sautter, J. Hirschowitz, J. Steinberg i J. Griffith. "Heterogeneity of the psychoses: I. Dopamine psychosis". Biological Psychiatry 37, nr 9 (maj 1995): 681–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3223(95)94729-g.
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Severtsev, V. V., i A. A. Budanova. "Clinical Forms of Psychotic Disorders Associated with Synthetic Cathinones Consumption". Doctor.Ru 22, nr 6 (2023): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31550/1727-2378-2023-22-6-21-27.
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Aim: study and analysis of psychopathological and clinical features of psychotic disorders associated with the use of synthetic cathinones. Materials and methods. The study design was observational, comparative, prospective. The study involved 98 patients treated in the Acute Poisoning Unit, the Emergency Addiction Treatment Unit and the Line Addiction Treatment Unit. In terms of gender, males predominated (n = 58; 59.2%), females accounted for 40.8% (n = 40). Median age — 30 years (Q1–Q3 — 22–33). In the first phase of the study, patients were screened and included in the study according to inclusion/non-inclusion criteria; in the second phase, the clinical picture of psychosis was analysed, depending on the leading syndrome patients were divided into three groups; In the third stage, patients were monitored for 12 months. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) was used to objectify the assessment of the severity and dynamics of psychotic symptoms. In the third stage there was 79 participants in the study, the rest of the patients refused to continue participation after 2 months or more. Results. There are three main clinical forms of psychotic disorders developing due to the use of synthetic cathinones: delirious, delusional, polymorphic. Each form had its own clinical and dynamical features. The delirious form was the heaviest: in the 1st day, patients had the highest score on the BPRS scale (Me = 80 (73–87)), but transient: psychosis was resolved within 1 day. With delusional form, the median score in the 1st day on the BPRS scale was 65 (59–82), in polymorphic — 66 (43–76). The vast majority of psychoses (91.8%) developed during intoxication. Some psychoses of delusional and polymorphic form, which developed beyond intoxication lasted notebly longer. The polymorphic form is the longest lasting, with symptoms lasting more than 2 weeks. Postpsychotic disorders were presented as asthenic and neurotic (anxiety-depressive) disorders, most pronounced and lasting (more than 6 months) in patients with a polymorphic form of psychosis. Conclusion. The study showed that psychoses with a «exogenous» clinical picture (psychomotor agitation and nonspecific psychopathological symptoms) pass faster and psychopathological disorders go away simultaneously with agitation. At the same time, psychoses with a predominance of psychopathological disorders (delusions, hallucinations) are characterized by a longer course and require long-term therapy. Key words: synthetic cathinones, SCath-induced psychoses, stimulant dependence, clinical forms of psychoses.
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Varma, Vijoy K., N. N. Wig, B. M. Tripathi, Arun K. Misra, C. B. Khare, Hemen R. Phookun, D. K. Menon, Alan S. Brown i Ezra S. Susser. "Effects of level of socio-economic development on course of non-affective psychosis". British Journal of Psychiatry 171, nr 3 (wrzesień 1997): 256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.171.3.256.
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BackgroundThis study explored the relation of level of socio-economic development to the course of non-affective psychosis, by extending the analysis of urban/rural differences in course in Chandigarh, India.MethodThe proportion of ‘best outcome cases between urban (n=110) and rural (n=50) catchment areas were compared at two-year follow-up, separately for CATEGO S+ and non-S+ schizophrenia.ResultsThe proportion of subjects with ‘best outcome’ ratings at the urban and rural sites, respectively, was similar for CATEGO S+ schizophrenia (29 v. 29%), but significantly different for non-S+ psychosis (26 v. 47%)ConclusionsThe fact that in rural Chandigarh, psychoses have a more favourable course than in the urban area may be explained in large part by psychoses distinct from ‘nuclear’ schizophrenia.
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Healy, D., M. Harris, R. Tranter, P. Gutting, R. Austin, G. Jones-Edwards i A. P. Roberts. "Lifetime suicide rates in treated schizophrenia: 1875–1924 and 1994–1998 cohorts compared". British Journal of Psychiatry 188, nr 3 (marzec 2006): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.188.3.223.
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BackgroundRecent interest in suicide rates in schizophrenia has been considerable.AimsTo establish the lifetime suicide rate from the pre-chlorpromazineera and to compare this with recent lifetime suicide rates for schizophrenia.MethodWe have compared suicide and suicide attempt rates for 741 admissions for schizophrenia and 1303 admissions for psychoses to the North Wales Asylum between 1875 and 1924, with first admissions for psychosis in North West Wales between 1994 and 1998.ResultsThe suicide rate in schizophrenia between 1875 and 1924 was 20 per 100 000 hospital years, a lifetime rate of less than 0.5%. The suicide rate for all psychoses was 16 per 100 000 hospital years. Current rates of suicide for schizophrenia and other psychoses appear 20-fold higher.ConclusionsThese findings point to an increase in suicide rates for patients with schizophrenia.
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Amini, Homayoun, Javad Alaghband-Rad, Abbas Omid, Vandad Sharifi, Rozita Davari-Ashtiani, Farzad Momeni i Zahra Aminipour. "Diagnostic Stability in Patients with First-Episode Psychosis". Australasian Psychiatry 13, nr 4 (grudzień 2005): 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1665.2005.02199.x.
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Objective: To examine the short-term stability of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edn; DSM-IV) and International Classification of Diseases (10th revision; ICD-10) diagnoses in a group of patients with first-episode psychosis. Method: Sixty patients with first-episode psychosis admitted consecutively to Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran, were sampled; their illnesses could not be attributed to any medical or substance-induced conditions. Patients were assessed at the time of discharge from the hospital, and at 3, 6and 12 month intervals following admission. Ateach visit, two psychiatrists made consensusDSM-IV and ICD10 diagnoses, based on all available information. Stability was discerned as the consistency between diagnoses at the time of discharge and at 12 month follow up. Results: Forty-eight patients completed follow up. Affective psychotic disorders and schizophrenia in both classification systems were highly stable. In addition, all patients with DSM-IV brief psychotic disorder and ICD-10 acute and transient psychotic disorders remained the same at follow up. Conclusions: Affective psychoses and schizophrenia, in line with previous findings, remained stable. Diagnoses of brief psychoses were highly stable as well; this could reflect a non-relapsing course ofacute brief psychoses, especially in developing countries.
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Yakovleva, Y. A., M. Y. Kissin, Y. V. Popov, A. A. Pichikov, N. Y. Safonova i T. M. Goguadze. "Dynamics of ideas about the concept of epileptic psychosis". V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY 57, nr 4 (30.12.2021): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31363/2313-7053-2021-57-4-113-121.
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Introduction: psychosis in epilepsy is more common than in the general population. The frequency of psychotic mental disorders varies from 0,5% to 10%. The article presents the dynamics of the development of the concept of epileptic psychosis, depending on the evolutionary approaches to the study of the problem of mental disorders in epilepsy. Materials and methods: the analysis of Russian—and English language articles in scientific databases on keywords from 1971 to 2011 was carried out. Results: the first systematic descriptions of mental disorders occurring in epilepsy date back to the 19th century. The contribution of foreign and domestic authors to the study of the problem is described. There are six main periods of the concept formation, including the definitions of the concept of epileptic psychosis, the dynamics of clinical manifestations, the role of the influence of biological, personal and social factors in the genesis and development of psychotic disorders in epilepsy. The following risk factors for the development of psychosis are considered: the form of epilepsy; age of onset of seizures, lateralization of the epileptic focus, gender, and drug therapy. Variants of classification approaches to the problem are presented. The article discusses the differences in the systematization of «endoform» syndromes, as well as the parallels between schizophrenia and psychoses in epilepsy. The dynamics of scientific views on the interest in the formation of epileptic psychoses in various parts of the brain: the temporal lobe (amygdala, hippocampus, paralimbic zones and parahippocampal bend), as well as GABA-ergic neurons of the upper tubercles of the quadriplegic, posterior hypothalamus and serotonergic neurons of the dorsal suture and noradrenergic neurons of the blue spot are reflected. The association of psychopathological manifestations with neurophysiological, biochemical, genetic and morphofunctional correlates is noted. The authors‘ interest in psychoses associated with the use of antiepileptic drugs is emphasized. Conclusion: despite all attempts to systematize these conditions, the factors that provoke the development of psychoses in patients with epilepsy, their structure and prognosis remain poorly predictable and require further in-depth study.
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Klapheck, K., S. Nordmeyer, H. Cronjäger, D. Naber i T. Bock. "Subjective experience and meaning of psychoses: the German Subjective Sense in Psychosis Questionnaire (SUSE)". Psychological Medicine 42, nr 1 (7.07.2011): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291711001103.
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BackgroundClinical research on subjective determinants of recovery and health has increased, but no instrument has been developed to assess the subjective experience and meaning of psychoses. We have therefore constructed and validated the Subjective Sense in Psychosis Questionnaire (SUSE) to measure sense making in psychotic disorders.MethodSUSE was based on an item pool generated by professionals and patients. For pre-testing, 90 psychosis patients completed the instrument. Psychometric properties were assessed using methods of classical test theory. In the main study, SUSE was administered to a representative sample of 400 patients. Factor structure, reliability and validity were assessed and confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were used for testing subscale coherence and adequacy of the hypothesized factor structure. Response effects due to clinical settings were tested using multilevel analyses.ResultsThe final version of SUSE comprises 34 items measuring distinct aspects of the experience and meaning of psychoses in a consistent overall model with six coherent subscales representing positive and negative meanings throughout the course of psychotic disorders. Multilevel analyses indicate independence from clinical context effects. Patients relating psychotic experiences to life events assessed their symptoms and prospects more positively. 76% of patients assumed a relationship between their biography and the emergence of psychosis, 42% reported positive experience of symptoms and 74% ascribed positive consequences to their psychosis.ConclusionsSUSE features good psychometric qualities and offers an empirical acquisition to subjective assessment of psychosis. The results highlight the significance of subjective meaning making in psychoses and support a more biographical and in-depth psychological orientation for treatment.
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Allardyce, Judith, Harper Gilmour, Jacqueline Atkinson, Tracey Rapson, Jennifer Bishop i R. G. McCreadie. "Social fragmentation, deprivation and urbanicity: relation to first-admission rates for psychoses". British Journal of Psychiatry 187, nr 5 (listopad 2005): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.187.5.401.
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BackgroundSocial disorganisation, fragmentation and isolation have long been posited as influencing the rate of psychoses at area level. Measuring such societal constructs is difficult. A census-based index measuring social fragmentation has been proposed.AimsTo investigate the association between first-admission rates for psychosis and area-based measures of social fragmentation, deprivation and urban/rural index.MethodWe used indirect standardisation methods and logistic regression models to examine associations of social fragmentation, deprivation and urban/rural categories with first admissions for psychoses in Scotland for the 5-year period 1989–1993ResultsAreas characterised by high social fragmentation had higher first-ever admission rates for psychosis independent of deprivation and urban/rural status. There was a dose–response relationship between social fragmentation category and first-ever admission rates for psychosis. There was no statistically significant interaction between social fragmentation, deprivation and urban/ rural index.ConclusionsFirst-admission rates are strongly associated with measures of social fragmentation, independent of material deprivation and urban/rural category.
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Schimmelmann, B. G. "Early Detection and Intervention of Psychosis: the Child and Adolescent Perspective". European Psychiatry 26, S2 (marzec 2011): 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73714-2.
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Over the last two decades, much progress in the prevention and early detection of first-episode psychosis has been achieved. And currently, the inclusion of a psychosis risk syndrome in DSM-V is discussed. But while differences between early-onset and adult-onset psychoses have frequently been pointed out, in the early detection of psychoses, developmental aspects are rarely considered, and results that have been derived from predominately adult samples, i.e., at-risk criteria are generally just transferred to children and adolescents. Emerging evidence from child and adolescent general population, birth cohort and clinical samples, however, question this unrestricted transferability of these results to younger age groups. This presentation will therefore outline the special aspects in the early detection of psychosis that should be considered in children and adolescents. The presentation will cover (i) evidence for the need of a validation of at-risk criteria in children and adolescents and (ii) evidence for a longer DUP in adolescent onset compared to adult onset psychosis and its clinical implications.
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Nosov, S. G., L. М. Yuryeva, T. Y. Shusterman i O. V. Nekrasova. "Clinical and pathogenetic prediction of the dynamics of the course of psychoses in epilepsy". Medicni perspektivi 27, nr 3 (30.09.2022): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.26641/2307-0404.2022.3.265945.
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Transient epileptic psychoses in 30-40% of cases turn into psychotic states with a long, paroxysmal or chronic course. The objective of this article is to conduct a systematic analysis of modern literature sources to clarify the factors, clinical and pathogenetic patterns of transformation of transient (short-term) epileptic psychosis into psychotic states with prolonged and chronic course, as well as to identify pathogenetically oriented principles of treatment of such patients. The prognostic value of clinical and neurophysiological factors regarding increasing of the psychotic process duration has been noticed, clinical patterns of transformation of short-term psychosis into long-term (changes in the dynamics and structure of psychosis, features of the relationship with organic personality disorder and dementia in epilepsy, as well as epileptic seizures) have been shown. A number of important neurophysiological pathogenetic mechanisms of increasing the psychosis duration (growing cerebral hypofrontality, temporal localization and regular spread of the epileptic process) have been identified. Pathogenetically oriented principles of treatment tactics of patients with epileptic psychoses have been described and analyzed taking into account the revealed regularities of increasing of their duration.
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Pochueva, Valeriya V., Igor V. Kolychalov i Luybov V. Androsova. "Clinical and neuroimmunologic characteristics of late onset of schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses". Neurology Bulletin LIII, nr 4 (15.12.2021): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb87516.
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BACKGROUND. After dementia and depression, schizophrenia-like psychoses with very late onset is the largest diagnostic group among late onset mental diseases. Last studies have shown the clinical heterogeneity of these psychoses.
AIM. Determine the clinical forms of late-onset psychoses, their corresponding immunological correlates and their diagnostic significance.
MATERIAL AND METHODS. 25 patients with late onset psychoses, mean age 64.86.0 years, age of onset of the disease 69.87.99 years were examined. The control group consisted of 14 people (9 women, 5 men) without mental disorders, mean age 64.86.0 years. Clinical and psychopathological examination was carried out, and assessment using psychometric scales (PANSS, HAMD, MoCA, MMSE). Immunological parameters were assessed: leukocyte elastase, 1-proteinase inhibitor, their ratio proteinase inhibitor index, levels of autoantibodies to neuroantigens protein S100b and basic myelin protein. Cluster analysis, as well as the t-criteria, KruskalWallis, U MannaWithney methods were used as the main approach to statistical data processing
RESULTS. Three groups of patients were identified a group with acute polymorphic psychotic symptoms, characterized by the severity of the pathological process, heterogeneous psychotic symptoms, pronounced cognitive decline, lack of significant dynamics in the treatment process; a group of patients with a predominance of involutional color of psychosis, characterized by a continuous course with incomplete remission and little response to therapy; group of affective-delusional psychoses with paroxysmal course, low severity of cognitive impairment, good response to therapy.
CONCLUSION. The clinical heterogeneity of the group of late manifesting psychoses was determined, the immunological features inherent in each group, their prognostic significance were highlighted.
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Kirkbride, J. B., D. Barker, F. Cowden, R. Stamps, M. Yang, P. B. Jones i J. W. Coid. "Psychoses, ethnicity and socio-economic status". British Journal of Psychiatry 193, nr 1 (lipiec 2008): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.041566.
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BackgroundConsistent observation of raised rates of psychoses among Black and minority ethnic (BME) groups may possibly be explained by their lower socio-economic statusAimsTo test whether risk for psychoses remained elevated in BME populations compared with the White British, after adjustment for age, gender and current socio-economic statusMethodPopulation-based study of first-episode DSM–IV psychotic disorders, in individuals aged 18–64 years, in East London over 2 yearsResultsAll BME groups had elevated rates of a psychotic disorder after adjustment for age, gender and socio-economic status. For schizophrenia, risk was elevated for people of Black Caribbean (incidence rate ratios (IRR)=3.1, 95% CI 2.1–4.5) and Black African (IRR=2.6, 95% CI 1.8–3.8) origin, and for Pakistani (IRR=3.1, 95% CI 1.2–8.1) and Bangladeshi (IRR=2.3, 95% CI 1.1–4.7) women. Mixed White and Black Caribbean (IRR=7.7, 95% CI 3.2–18.8) and White Other (IRR=2.1, 95% CI 1.2–3.8) groups had elevated rates of affective psychoses (and other non-affective psychoses)ConclusionsElevated rates of psychoses in BME groups could not be explained by socio-economic status, even though current socio-economic status may have overestimated the effect of this confounder given potential misclassification as a result of downward social drift in the prodromal phase of psychosis. Our findings extended to all BME groups and psychotic disorders, though heterogeneity remains
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Alharbi, F. "A comparison and contrast of cannabis and amphetamine-type stimulant induced psychoses". European Psychiatry 41, S1 (kwiecień 2017): s856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1705.
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BackgroundThe term “psychosis” is very broad. Substance users represent one group with particularly high rates of psychotic symptoms.ObjectiveThis review will present an update on cannabis and amphetamine-type Stimulant (ATS) and will try to differentiate and compare their associated psychotic features.MethodA systematic literature search was conducted from 1980 to date in the following databases: MEDLINE, PsycINFO and PubMed. Articles were included if they were highlighting substances induced psychoses, with particular emphasis on stimulants/amphetamine/methamphetamine and cannabis/marijuana induced psychoses, schizophrenia-spectrum disorder or schizophrenia.ResultsThere are many differences between these two substances regarding source, neurobiological processes, average latency periods before developing psychosis, clinical features as compared to schizophrenia, risk of using drugs and developing psychosis and drugs use and development of schizophrenia and urine screening test. With the recent proposals to regulate cannabis use, a further investigation of the association of this use with psychosis is required.ConclusionsOur search elicited many studies of one substance and its association with psychosis but few comparative studies across substances. Yet in our opinion, these comparisons could shed further insight on the development of psychotic features.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
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MacCabe, J. H., M. P. Lambe, S. Cnattingius, A. Torrång, C. Björk, P. C. Sham, A. S. David, R. M. Murray i C. M. Hultman. "Scholastic achievement at age 16 and risk of schizophrenia and other psychoses: a national cohort study". Psychological Medicine 38, nr 8 (8.11.2007): 1133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291707002048.
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BackgroundThere is abundant evidence that schizophrenia is associated with cognitive deficits in childhood. However, previous studies investigating school performance have been inconclusive. Furthermore, there are several biological and social factors that could confound the association. We investigated whether school performance at age 16 is associated with risk of adult schizophrenia and other psychoses in a large national cohort, while controlling for multiple confounders.MethodUsing a national sample of 907 011 individuals born in Sweden between 1973 and 1983, we used Cox regression to assess whether scholastic achievement at age 15–16 predicted hospital admission for psychosis between ages 17 and 31, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsPoor school performance was associated with increased rates of schizophrenia [hazard ratio (HR) 3.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.8–5.3], schizo-affective disorder (HR 4.2, 95% CI 1.9–9.1) and other psychoses (HR 3.0, 95% CI 2.3–4.0). Receiving the lowest (E) grade was significantly associated with risk for schizophrenia and other psychoses in every school subject. There was no evidence of confounding by migrant status, low birthweight, hypoxia, parental education level or socio-economic group.ConclusionsPoor school performance across all domains is strongly associated with risk for schizophrenia and other psychoses.
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Morgan, Craig, Paul Fearon, Julia Lappin, Margaret Heslin, Kim Donoghue, Ben Lomas, Ulrich Reininghaus i in. "Ethnicity and long-term course and outcome of psychotic disorders in a UK sample: The ÆSOP-10 study". British Journal of Psychiatry 211, nr 2 (sierpień 2017): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.193342.
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BackgroundThe incidence of psychotic disorders is elevated in some minority ethnic populations. However, we know little about the outcome of psychoses in these populations.AimsTo investigate patterns and determinants of long-term course and outcome of psychoses by ethnic group following a first episode.MethodÆSOP-10 is a 10-year follow-up of an ethnically diverse cohort of 532 individuals with first-episode psychosis identified in the UK. Information was collected, at baseline, on clinical presentation and neurodevelopmental and social factors and, at follow-up, on course and outcome.ResultsThere was evidence that, compared with White British, Black Caribbean patients experienced worse clinical, social and service use outcomes and Black African patients experienced worse social and service use outcomes. There was evidence that baseline social disadvantage contributed to these disparities.ConclusionsThese findings suggest ethnic disparities in the incidence of psychoses extend, for some groups, to worse outcomes in multiple domains.