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1
Aguirre, Víctor Manuel Ortiz. Mujer ante todo(s): Trabajadoras sexuales y psicología sexual. Zamora, Michoacán: El Colegio de Michoacán, 2008.
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Azuma, Yasuyuki. Sakai no kosumoroji: Ichi, nagisa, toge (Kaicho bukkusu). Kaichosha, 1989.
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Hooks, Bell. Todo Sobre el Amor: Nuevas Perspectivas. Editorial Planeta, S. A., 2022.
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Bullock, Heather E., i Harmony A. Reppond. Of “Takers” and “Makers”: A Social Psychological Analysis of Class and Classism. Redaktor Phillip L. Hammack. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199938735.013.26.
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During the 2012 United States presidential campaign, the Republican presidential and vice presidential candidates drew a stark line between “takers” and “makers,” claiming that too many Americans are “takers” because they receive more from the government and society than they contribute. In this chapter, we employ a critical social psychological framework to understand and deconstruct the political discourse surrounding “makers” versus “takers” and to illuminate the social psychology of social class and classism. This chapter focuses on attitudes and beliefs about social class that legitimize economic inequality and class disparities and the relationship of these beliefs to interclass relations and social and economic policy. In doing so, this chapter identifies the important role of social psychological research and justice-oriented frameworks in alleviating class-based disparities and classism.
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van Zomeren, Martijn, i John F. Dovidio, red. The Oxford Handbook of the Human Essence. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190247577.001.0001.
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What is the human essence? In this handbook, a broad range of scholars in psychology wrestle with this core question. The question is too infrequently asked within psychology, yet is one of central interest to students and scholars in psychology, philosophy, sociology, public health, anthropology, and cognitive science. This new and exciting handbook contains a diverse set of intriguing answers from cutting-edge social-psychological theorizing and research; raises novel and important questions about human nature; and identifies new directions for future inquiry. The chapters are written in an essay-like style that allows contributors to articulate what the human essence is without jargon or empirical details. Furthermore, this handbook uniquely brings together scholars who otherwise would not be found in conversation (e.g., evolutionary approaches to the human essence and social constructivist accounts that essentially deny its existence). Addressing the question of the human essence is absolutely vital because it promotes reflection and debate about human nature and existence, as revealed in discussant and concluding chapters. Thus, this volume articulates what psychology can tell us about the human essence and illuminates why a social science of human behavior should develop broader and integrative theories that acknowledge the many different essences that define us.
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Todo Le Que Necesitas Saber Cuando Termina Tu Noviazgo/Everything You Need to Know About Romantic Breakup. Rosen Publishing Group, 1994.
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Furtak, Rick Anthony. What the Empirical Evidence Suggests. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190492045.003.0002.
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Now that the study of emotions has emerged as a thriving field of interdisciplinary research, social psychology and neuroscience have been sources of evidence informing theoretical accounts. One issue is whether emotion and cognition are discrete and emotions thus noncognitive responses. Many philosophers have argued that emotions are independent of “higher” cognition, based upon some neuroscientific findings. Yet they have been too hasty in appropriating indefinite evidence to justify sweeping conclusions: a closer look shows that empirical research does not justify their views. Social psychology has done more to show how closely emotions are correlated with particular bodily states, and this evidence must be taken into account. The role of the living body in our affective experience must be acknowledged, since it is through our living, feeling bodies that we emotionally recognize significant aspects of situations. The embodied phenomenology of emotions is thus linked with the revelation of value or significance.
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Leaf, Munro. Ferdinando El Toro/ Fernando the Bull. Loguez Ediciones, 2003.
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Levi Martin, John. Bourdieu’s Unlikely Contribution to the Human Sciences. Redaktorzy Thomas Medvetz i Jeffrey J. Sallaz. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199357192.013.19.
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Chapter abstract The author of this chapter proposes that we consider Bourdieu’s work neither on its own terms, nor in the terms of the postwar French academic field, but in terms of the general problems that it solved. When we do so, we find that Bourdieu developed lines of thinking that had stalled in Germany and the United States. The former was the field theoretic tradition associated with Gestalt psychology and empirical phenomenology; the second was the habit theoretic tradition associated increasingly with pragmatism. Each had stalled because each seemed, in a way, too successful—everything turned into habit for pragmatist social psychology; field theory also put everything indiscriminately in the field of experience. By focusing on the reciprocal relations of habitus and field, Bourdieu developed these insights in ways that allowed for empirical exploration, and that cut against the French rationalist vocabulary that he inherited.
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Yamamoto, Koji. Broken Promises and the Rise of a Stereotype. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198739173.003.0003.
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Projects began to emerge during the sixteenth century en masse by promising to relieve the poor, improve the balance of trade, raise money for the Crown, and thereby push England’s imperial ambitions abroad. Yet such promises were often too good to be true. This chapter explores how the ‘reformation of abuses’—a fateful slogan associated with England’s break from Rome—came to be used widely in economic contexts, and undermined promised public service under Elizabeth and the early Stuarts. The negative image of the projector soon emerged in response, reaching both upper and lower echelons of society. The chapter reconstructs the social circulation of distrust under Charles, and considers its repercussions. To do this it brings conceptual tools developed in social psychology and sociology to bear upon sources conventionally studied in literary and political history.
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Caliente Apasionado Ilegal Por Qu Casi Todo Lo Que Los Americanos Piensan De Los Latinos Quizs Sea Verdad. Celebra Trade, 2009.
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Friedman, Jeffrey. Power without Knowledge. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190877170.001.0001.
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Technocrats claim to know how to solve the social and economic problems of complex modern societies. But this would require predicting how people will act once technocrats impose their policy solutions. Power Without Knowledge argues that people’s ideas, w hich govern their deliberate actions, are too heterogeneous for their behavior to be reliably predicted. Thus, a technocracy of social-scientific experts cannot be expected to accomplish its objectives. The author also shows that a large part of contemporary mass politics, even populist mass politics, is technocratic, as members of the general public often assume that they are competent to decide which policies or politicians will be able to solve social and economic problems. How, then, do “citizen-technocrats” make these decisions? Drawing on political psychology and survey research, the author contends that people often assume that the solutions to social problems are self-evident, such that politics becomes a matter of vetting public officials for their good intentions and strong wills, not their knowledge. Turning to the more conventional meaning of technocracy, the author argues that social scientists, too, drastically oversimplify technocratic realities, but in an entirely different manner. Neoclassical economists, for example, theorize that people respond rationally to the incentives they face. This theory is simplistic, but it creates the appearance that people’s behavior is predictable. Without such oversimplifications, the author argues, technocracy would be seen by technocrats themselves to be chimerical.
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Harcourt, Edward, red. Attachment and Character. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192898128.001.0001.
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There are many exciting points of contact between the questions pursued by attachment theory and those first raised by Aristotle’s ethics, and which continue to preoccupy moral philosophers today. For the first time this volume brings experts from ethics and from attachment theory together to explore them, in order to show philosophers working in moral psychology or in ‘virtue ethics’ that they both have more to learn from, and more to teach, developmental psychology in the attachment paradigm than has been thought to date. Attachment theory is a theory of psychological development. The characteristics attachment theory is a developmental theory of are evaluatively inflected: to be securely attached to a parent is to have a kind of attachment that makes for a good intimate relationship. But obviously the classification of human character in terms of the virtues and vices is evaluatively inflected too. This collection of chapters explores the latest empirical findings on the relationship between attachment and the vices and virtues, and the relative importance of attachment status as against other determinants of prosocial behaviour. It also probes the concept of the prosocial itself, and the connections between prosocial behaviour, virtue, and the quality of the social environment; explores whether what we know about these connections casts light on whether there are even such things as stable character traits; and whether attachment theory, in locating the origins of virtue in secure attachment, and attachment dispositions in human evolutionary history, gives support to ethical naturalism, in any of the many meanings of that expression.
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Guesnet, François, Antony Polonsky, Ada Rapoport-Albert i Marcin Wodzinski, red. Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 33. Liverpool University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781906764753.001.0001.
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Following tremendous advances in recent years in the study of religious belief, this volume adopts a fresh understanding of Jewish religious life in Poland. Approaches deriving from the anthropology, history, phenomenology, psychology, and sociology of religion have replaced the methodologies of social or political history that were applied in the past, offering fascinating new perspectives. The well-established interest in Hasidism continues, albeit from new angles, but topics that have barely been considered before are well represented here too. Women’s religious practice gains new prominence, and a focus on elites has given way to a consideration of the beliefs and practices of ordinary people. Reappraisals of religious responses to secularization and modernity, both liberal and Orthodox, offer more nuanced insights into this key issue. Other research areas represented here include the material history of Jewish religious life in eastern Europe and the shift of emphasis from theology to praxis in the search for the defining quality of religious experience. The contemporary reassessments in this volume, with their awareness of emerging techniques that have the potential to extract fresh insights from source materials both old and new, show how our understanding of what it means to be Jewish is continuing to expand.
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Kelly, Shalonda, red. Diversity in Couple and Family Therapy. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400641572.
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This unprecedented volume provides a primer on diverse couples and families—one of the most numerous and fastest-growing populations in the United States—illustrating the unique challenges they face to thrive in various cultural and social surroundings. In Diversity in Couple and Family Therapy: Ethnicities, Sexualities, and Socioeconomics, a clinical psychologist and couples and family therapist with nearly two decades' experience leads a team of experts in addressing contemporary elements of diversity as they relate to the American family and covering key topics that all Americans face when establishing their identities, including racial and ethnic identity, gender and sexual orientation identity, religious and spiritual identity, and identity intersections and alternatives. Moreover, it includes chapters on cross-cultural assessment of health and pathology and tailoring treatment to diversity. Every chapter includes vignettes that serve to illustrate the nuances of and solutions to the concerns and issues, as well as the strengths and resilience often inherent in diverse couples or families. Effective methods of coping with stereotypes, intergenerational trauma, discrimination, and social and structural disparities are presented, as are ways to assess and empower couples and families. This text includes experiences and traditions of subgroups that typically receive little attention from being seen as too common, such as white and Christian families, or from being seen as too uncommon, such as couples and families from specific Native American tribes and multiracial couples and families. Thus, it addresses the curricular changes needed to master the diversity found in contemporary American couples and families. The text offers a holistic perspective on diverse couples and families that is consistent with the increasing prominence of models that transcend individual diagnoses and biology to include social factors and context. Theory, policy, prevention, assessment, treatment, and research considerations are included in each chapter. Topics include African American, Asian American, Latino, Native American, white, biracial/multiracial, intercultural, LGBT, Christian, Jewish, and Muslim couples and families as well as diverse family structures. The depth of every chapter includes attention to subgroups within each category, such as African American and Caribbean couples and families, as well as those who represent the intersection between varying oppressed identities, such as an intercultural gay family, or a poor, homeless interracial couple. Additionally, each chapter provides a review section with condensed and easy-to-understand summaries of the key take-away lessons.
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Korn, Carol, i Alberto Bursztyn, red. Rethinking Multicultural Education. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216008224.
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Korn and Bursztyn and their contributors examine the cultural transitions that children make as they move between the cultures of home and school. To better understand these transitions, they explore how educators understand their students' shifting experiences and examine how educators also negotiate transitions as they too move from home to school each day. The narratives or case studies reflect this shifting gaze: from child, to teacher, to parents, and take up the various relational configurations that these can form, amongst and between each other. They turn a critical eye toward instances of classroom practice and school life, connecting personal knowledge with school change. In some cases, the authors draw directly on autobiographical material, linking these to a reflective approach to teaching. Avoiding the celebratory tone that often attends discussions of multiculturalism, the authors address how diverstiy engages us in continual renegotiation of the personal and social. The perspectives of educators and of teacher candidates are presented, and the construction of cultural identity and its impact on schools, explored. In illuminating the complicated nature of cultural transitions and the obligation of schools to create places in which children and families of diverse backgrounds can thrive, they highlight how multiculturalism can play a transformative role in the lives of children and schools. A must reading for educators and graduate students in education, school psychology, guidance and counseling.
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Bardon, Adrian. The Truth About Denial. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190062262.001.0001.
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It is a striking—yet all too familiar—fact about human beings that our belief-forming processes can be so distorted by fears, desires, and prejudices that an otherwise sensible person may sincerely uphold false claims about the world in the face of overwhelming evidence to the contrary. When we describe someone as being “in denial,” we mean that he or she is personally, emotionally threatened by some situation—and consequently has failed to assess the situation properly according to the evidence. People in denial engage in motivated reasoning about their situation: They (sincerely) argue and interpret evidence in light of a preestablished conclusion. One significant type of reason-distorting emotional threat is a threat to one’s ideological worldview. When group interests, creeds, or dogmas are threatened by unwelcome factual information, biased thinking becomes ideological denialism. (One critical example of such denialism is the widespread denial of settled climate science.) Denial can stand in the way of individual well-being, and ideological denialism can stand in the way of good public policy. This book is a wide-ranging examination of denial and denialism. It offers a readable overview of the social psychology of denial, and examines the role of ideological denialism in conflicts over public policy, politics, and culture. Chapters focus on our philosophical and scientific understanding of denial, denial of scientific consensus, denialism in political economy, and denialism in religious belief. An afterword examines proposals for improving science communication in light of findings about motivated reasoning and denial.
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de Bruin, Boudewijn. The Business of Liberty. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198839675.001.0001.
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Two key arguments for the value of freedom are that freedom contributes to desire satisfaction and to personal responsibility. But what if we do not know about our freedoms? Or if we do not acknowledge each other’s freedoms? This book shows that what is really of value are the ideals of known freedom and acknowledged freedom. The book demonstrates the importance of these two ideals in many contexts, including neuromarketing, skilled work, discrimination, education, environments with stereotype threats, informed consent, consumer protection, socially responsible investing, climate-related financial disclosure, law, professional oaths, freedom of speech, and privacy. To argue that known freedom is crucial to satisfy our desires and assume responsibility, the book combines work in psychology on choice with work in philosophy on the value of knowledge. It is shown that known freedom is compromised when salespeople deploy consumer obfuscation or when news shows use contextual framing techniques to steer the way their audiences will process the information. And it is shown how carefully developed consumer protection and information disclosure regulation can foster known freedom. Using insights from economics and ethics, the book argues that acknowledged freedom offers protection to our freedoms. It makes our freedoms more stable. Acknowledged freedom embodies an ideal of mutual recognition that underlies informed consent and the ethics of communication, and can also contribute to a flourishing corporate culture. Most books discuss either freedom or knowledge. This unique book shows that when we think about the value of freedom, we should think about the value of knowledge too.
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Stout, Chris E. The New Humanitarians. Praeger, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400691034.
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From Braille Without Borders and Unite for Sight, to Geekcorps and PeaceWorks, humanitarian groups are working worldwide largely in undeveloped countries to better the lives of the residents. Whether they are empowering people with schools for the blind, prosthetic limbs, the devices to understand and use technology, or the information to work for civil peace, the men and women of these agencies offer tremendous talent to their causes, great dedication and, sometimes, even risk their lives to complete their missions. Working in war or civil war zones, humanitarians with nonprofits, non-governmental agencies, and university-connected centers and foundations have been injured, kidnapped, or killed. Now terrorist events and war crimes are more and more often bringing these self-sacrificing workers into the national spotlight by media headlines. Their work is, doubtless, remarkable. And so too are the stories of how they developed - including the defining moments when their founders felt they could no longer stand by and do nothing. In this set of books, founders and top officials from humanitarian organizations established in the last 50 years spotlight how and why they began their organizations, what their greatest victories and challenges have been, and how they run the organizations, down to where they get their funding and how they spend it to grow the group and its efforts. Led by Chris E. Stout, named Humanitarian of the Year by the American Psychological Association, the contributors here come from across training disciplines including psychology, medicine, technology, science, politics, social work, and business. Stout, who has worked in Latin American terrorist zones, in Vietnam, and along the Amazon in Ecuador with Flying Doctors of America, has chosen to feature a sample of humanitarian groups across four primary areas - medicine, environment, education, and social justice. He also concentrates on what he calls guerilla humanitarians - those who step into unsafe or unhealthy conditions despite the dangers. There is also a concentration on those that have been very successful with on-the-ground-guerilla-innovations without a lot of bureaucracy or baloney. Above all, They are rebels with a cause whose actions speak louder than mere words, Stout explains. They have all felt a moral duty to serve as vectors of change. In addition to being psychologically insightful, these volumes hold invaluable practical information.