Rozprawy doktorskie: „Protestantism”

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Gailus, Manfred. "Protestantismus und Nationalsozialismus : Studien zur nationalsozialistischen Durchdringung des protestantischen Sozialmilieus in Berlin /". Köln : Böhlau Verl, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38828797b.

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Damasceno, Yuri Wicher [UNESP]. "Conversões e negociações: um estudo dos relatos de missionários protestantes da Church Missionary Society em Uganda-África (1876-1890)". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/133982.

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Trabalhamos a partir do conceito de representações utilizados pela “Nova” História Política que foi utilizado na compreensão dos relatos de missionários protestantes da Church Missionary Society liderados por Alexander Mackay, que atuaram na região central da África durante o final do século XIX (1876-1890), engajados em um projeto evangelizador para angariação de novos convertidos, principalmente a partir da análise da fonte primária The Wonderful History of Uganda publicado por Joseph Dennis Mullins em 1904 após a reunião de uma série de relatos produzidos no período utilizado como recorte temporal. O trabalho visa reconhecer e explanar a voz dos africanos suas atuações enquanto resistentes e negociadores do processo que levou à incursão da religião cristã protestante no território do antigo reino de Buganda.
We work from the concept of representations used by the “New” Political History that was used in the understanding of Protestant missionaries of the Church Missionary Society reports led by Alexander Mackay, who worked in Central Africa during the late nineteenth century (1876-1890 ), engaged in an evangelizing project for attracting new converts, particularly from the analysis of the primary source the Wonderful History of Uganda published by Joseph Dennis Mullins in 1904 after meeting a series of reports produced in the period used as a time frame. The work aims to recognize and explain the voice of Africans his performances as tough negotiators and the process that led to the incursion of Protestant Christian religion in the territory of the ancient kingdom of Buganda.

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Lima, Éber Ferreira Silveira. "Entre a sacristia e o laboratório : os intelectuais protestantes brasileiros e a produção da cultura (1903-1942) /". Assis : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103171.

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Orientador: Antonio Celso Ferreira
Banca: José Carlos Barreiro
Banca: Andrea Lucia Dorini de Oliveira Carvalho Rossi
Banca: Luiz Alexandre Solano Rossi
Banca: José Adriano Filho
Resumo: Esta tese visa a mostrar como o protestantismo brasileiro, através de um grupo de intelectuais, inseriu-se culturalmente no tecido social urbano na primeira parte do século XX. A participação desses intelectuais protestantes deu-se na esteira de um modelo anterior, praticado por lideranças importantes da igreja evangélica no Brasil, como o pastor Eduardo Carlos Pereira (1855-1923), que foi também professor de ginásio e reconhecido gramático. Tais lideranças detinham uma postura religiosa conservadora que se refletiu em sua produção científica, voltada para a manutenção da sociedade brasileira nos padrões desejados pelas oligarquias rurais do país. Diferentemente da geração anterior, os intelectuais protestantes, que também eram líderes religiosos - a maior parte deles ligada à Igreja Presbiteriana Independente do Brasil, a mesma a qual pertencia Eduardo Carlos Pereira - assumiram o mesmo espírito de transformação e de modernização social que estava presente na burguesia urbana ascendente. Primeiramente, aspiraram a uma re-elaboração do protestantismo brasileiro, que julgavam muito aquém das necessidades no estabelecimento de um diálogo com a cultura brasileira. Em segundo lugar, desejavam que esse transformar da mentalidade protestante permitisse a evangelização das "classes cultas", ou seja, das elites dirigentes brasileiras e da burguesia urbana. Fechadas as portas a eles, por lideranças conservadoras, das igrejas e de suas estruturas internas de poder, decidiram usar o expediente das revistas de cultura religiosa para falar ao universo protestante sem serem impedidos pelas lideranças das igrejas. Os principais articuladores dessas revistas foram os pastores presbiterianos Epaminondas Melo do Amaral, Miguel Rizzo Júnior, Othoniel Motta e Erasmo Braga. As revistas lançadas - Revista de Cultura Religiosa, Lucerna... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This thesis aims to show how Brazilian Protestantism, by a group of intellectuals, entered into the social fabric of urban culture in the first part of the twentieth century. The involvement of these Protestant intellectuals took place in the wake of a previous model, practiced by leaders of the mainline evangelical church, such as Pastor Eduardo Carlos Pereira (1855-1923), who was also a gym professor and a recognized Portuguese grammar teacher. These religious leaders held a conservative religious posture that was reflected in their scientific production, dedicated to the maintenance of Brazilian society in the patterns desired by the rural oligarchies of the country. Unlike the previous generation, the Protestant intellectuals, who were also religious leaders - most of them linked to the Independent Presbyterian Church of Brazil (IPIB), the same denomination to which Eduardo Carlos Pereira belonged to - took upon themselves the same spirit of transformation and social modernization that was present in the upcoming urban bourgeois. First, they aspired towards a re-elaboration of Brazilian Protestantism which they judged to be far short of establishing a dialogue with Brazilian culture. Second, they desired that the transformation of the Protestant mentality would permit an evangelization of the "educated and cultured class" of society; that is, of the Brazilian ruling elite and of the urban bourgeois. Since the doors were closed to them by the conservative leadership of the churches and their internal structures of power, they decided to use as a means of communication the journals of religious culture to speak to all Protestants without being prevented to do so by the Protestant leadership of the churches. The main speakers of these journals were the following Presbyterian pastors: Epaminondas Melo do Amaral, Miguel Rizzo Junior, Othoniel... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor

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Lima, Éber Ferreira Silveira [UNESP]. "Entre a sacristia e o laboratório: os intelectuais protestantes brasileiros e a produção da cultura (1903-1942)". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103171.

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Esta tese visa a mostrar como o protestantismo brasileiro, através de um grupo de intelectuais, inseriu-se culturalmente no tecido social urbano na primeira parte do século XX. A participação desses intelectuais protestantes deu-se na esteira de um modelo anterior, praticado por lideranças importantes da igreja evangélica no Brasil, como o pastor Eduardo Carlos Pereira (1855-1923), que foi também professor de ginásio e reconhecido gramático. Tais lideranças detinham uma postura religiosa conservadora que se refletiu em sua produção científica, voltada para a manutenção da sociedade brasileira nos padrões desejados pelas oligarquias rurais do país. Diferentemente da geração anterior, os intelectuais protestantes, que também eram líderes religiosos – a maior parte deles ligada à Igreja Presbiteriana Independente do Brasil, a mesma a qual pertencia Eduardo Carlos Pereira – assumiram o mesmo espírito de transformação e de modernização social que estava presente na burguesia urbana ascendente. Primeiramente, aspiraram a uma re-elaboração do protestantismo brasileiro, que julgavam muito aquém das necessidades no estabelecimento de um diálogo com a cultura brasileira. Em segundo lugar, desejavam que esse transformar da mentalidade protestante permitisse a evangelização das “classes cultas”, ou seja, das elites dirigentes brasileiras e da burguesia urbana. Fechadas as portas a eles, por lideranças conservadoras, das igrejas e de suas estruturas internas de poder, decidiram usar o expediente das revistas de cultura religiosa para falar ao universo protestante sem serem impedidos pelas lideranças das igrejas. Os principais articuladores dessas revistas foram os pastores presbiterianos Epaminondas Melo do Amaral, Miguel Rizzo Júnior, Othoniel Motta e Erasmo Braga. As revistas lançadas – Revista de Cultura Religiosa, Lucerna...
This thesis aims to show how Brazilian Protestantism, by a group of intellectuals, entered into the social fabric of urban culture in the first part of the twentieth century. The involvement of these Protestant intellectuals took place in the wake of a previous model, practiced by leaders of the mainline evangelical church, such as Pastor Eduardo Carlos Pereira (1855-1923), who was also a gym professor and a recognized Portuguese grammar teacher. These religious leaders held a conservative religious posture that was reflected in their scientific production, dedicated to the maintenance of Brazilian society in the patterns desired by the rural oligarchies of the country. Unlike the previous generation, the Protestant intellectuals, who were also religious leaders – most of them linked to the Independent Presbyterian Church of Brazil (IPIB), the same denomination to which Eduardo Carlos Pereira belonged to – took upon themselves the same spirit of transformation and social modernization that was present in the upcoming urban bourgeois. First, they aspired towards a re-elaboration of Brazilian Protestantism which they judged to be far short of establishing a dialogue with Brazilian culture. Second, they desired that the transformation of the Protestant mentality would permit an evangelization of the “educated and cultured class” of society; that is, of the Brazilian ruling elite and of the urban bourgeois. Since the doors were closed to them by the conservative leadership of the churches and their internal structures of power, they decided to use as a means of communication the journals of religious culture to speak to all Protestants without being prevented to do so by the Protestant leadership of the churches. The main speakers of these journals were the following Presbyterian pastors: Epaminondas Melo do Amaral, Miguel Rizzo Junior, Othoniel... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Filho, Sergio Willian de Castro Oliveira. ""Estranho em terra estranha": PrÃticas e olhares estrangeiro-protestantes no CearÃ oitocentista". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5990.

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No sÃculo XIX o Brasil vivenciou uma grande presenÃa de estrangeiros em seu territÃrio. Dentre estes estrangeiros estiveram no Brasil os britÃnicos Henry Koster e George Gardner; e os norte-americanos Daniel Kidder, De Lacey Wardlaw e Mary Hoge Wardlaw, todos eles protestantes. Apesar das vÃrias peculiaridades destes sujeitos, eles escreveram relatos contendo suas impressÃes sobre este territÃrio e seus habitantes. Tal dissertaÃÃo trata de uma anÃlise dos discursos e experiÃncias destes cinco viajantes estrangeiros protestantes anglo-saxÃes que atravÃs de seus escritos construÃram um amplo jogo de relaÃÃes de alteridade com o Brasil.
In the nineteenth century, Brazil experienced a large presence of foreigners in its territory. Among these foreigners, were in Brazil the British Henry Koster and George Gardner; and the Americans Daniel Kidder, De Lacey Wardlaw and Mary Hoge Wardlaw, all of them Protestants. Despite the many peculiarities of these subjects, they wrote reports containing their views on this territory and its inhabitants. This dissertation deals with an analysis of discourses and experiences of these five foreign travelers Anglo-Saxon Protestants who through their writings built an extensive set of alterity relations with Brazil.

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Lande, Aasulv. "Meiji Protestantism in History and Historiography". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Svenska Institutet för Missionsforskning, 1988. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-191814.

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The present study provides an analysis of two different but interrelated historical dimensions. The first dimension, the founding process of Japanese Protestantism, is analysed in its wider historical context on the basis of contemporary scholarship, particuhirly Japanese. A second dimension: the ongoing historiographical interpretation of the founding process, is analysed from the foundation period itse1f up to 1945, against its contemporary historical background. The analytical approach takes account of the forms of history writing as weil as its contents, in an overall comparative perspective applied to the Japanese and the Western material. In the çonclusion the interpretative trends which are identified through the analysis of the second, historiographical dimension, are related to trends in contemporary interpretationof the foundation period. The conclusion thus focus on the relationship between prewar and postwar interpretation of Japanese Protestant beginnings.

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Flowers, Daniel R. "Explaining poverty : Protestantism and the poor". Virtual Press, 2008. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1391230.

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This study uses data from the 1990 General Social Survey to examine how Protestants explain the existence of poverty. The denominations are categorized using Steensland et al's (2000) methodology and include evangelical, mainline, and black Protestants. This study seeks to expand on prior research which uses Feagin's (1975) individualistic and structuralistic explanation scales to examine how individuals explain why people are poor. Individual explanations investigated include lack of effort, loose morals, poor schools, and lack of jobs. Ordered Logistic Regression models are used to investigate differences between the Protestant groups. Findings indicate support for Smith's (1998) subcultural theory of identity as evangelicals are more likely to assert loose morals as an important reason for why people are poor. Additionally, black Protestants were also more likely than mainline Protestants to indicate loose morals is an important explanation for poverty indicating a possible shift away from their traditional structuralistic oriented belief system.
Department of Sociology

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Guedes, Rivanildo Segundo Pereira. "Um novo jeito de ser protestante no Brasil: protestantismo de experiência racional". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/1970.

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Due to the phenomenon of neo-Pentecostalism the Brazilian Protestantism was forgotten by the academy (?). As a result growth and changes of Protestantism in Brazil has gone unnoticed. Therefore this study aims to make a counterpoint to the ideal type of Protestant practice created by Max Weber and revisited by Rubem Alves called Protestantism doctrine Straight and therefore will discuss about a current Brasilian Protestantism or rather the past forties decades of this practice in Brasil. To Alves the whole of the Brazilian Protestantism was fundamentalist and moralist and troughout this text we will see that there is another Protestantism forming in Brazil and that we are calling the Rational Experience Protestantism in which the subjective experience of faith and the search for the rationality of the Christian faith are presents
Por conta do fenômeno do Neopentecostalismo, o protestantismo brasileiro foi esquecido pela Academia de estudos de ciências sociais e da religião. Em função disso, o crescimento e as mudanças do protestantismo no Brasil passaram despercebidos. Sendo assim, este trabalho se propõe a fazer um contraponto ao tipo ideal criado por Max Weber e revisitado por Rubem Alves denominado Protestantismo de Reta Doutrina , e, para tanto, irá discorrer sobre um protestantismo brasileiro atual, ou seja, das últimas quarentas décadas. Para Alves o todo do protestantismo brasileiro era fundamentalista e moralista e, ao longo deste texto, veremos que existe um outro protestantismo se formando no Brasil, e que, o chamaremos de Protestantismo de Experência Racional no qual a experiência subjetiva da fé e a busca pela racionalidade da fé cristã se fazem presentes

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Mendes, NapoleÃo Marcos de Moura. "No PrincÃpio Era... A VisÃo: Carisma e Performance nas Novas Comunidades Protestantes". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7025.

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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico
Aborda a gÃnese, o desenvolvimento, a estrutura e as prÃticas de uma comunidade religiosa, a Igreja Batista Central de Fortaleza (IBC), geradas sob o influxo da lideranÃa carismÃtica exercida pelo Pr. Armando Bispo da Cruz, que tem como modo de autenticaÃÃo do carisma a performance realizada em celebraÃÃes espetaculares. A presente investigaÃÃo toma como referencial teÃrico as contribuiÃÃes de Max Weber (1989, 1982, 1994, 1999), Pierre Bourdieu (1984, 1989 e 1992), Jean-Paul Willaime (1986, 2000, 2002, 2003 e 2009), Paul Zumthor (1997 e 2000) e Renato Cohen (2007), dentre outros autores que tambÃm foram importantes para a realizaÃÃo deste trabalho. AlÃm da pesquisa bibliogrÃfica, empregaram-se tambÃm procedimentos de pesquisa qualitativa, tais como anÃlise de imagens, observaÃÃo, entrevistas e conversas informais para obtenÃÃo de dados. A gÃnese e o desenvolvimento do campo religioso protestante brasileiro sÃo apresentados em suas linhas gerais, possibilitando a compreensÃo do surgimento e da expansÃo da IBC, uma das novas comunidades protestantes cuja estrutura administrativa e organizaÃÃo estratÃgica servem de suporte para o exercÃcio da lideranÃa carismÃtica e profÃtica, no sentido weberiano. Partindo ainda de uma abordagem histÃrica acerca dos templos no cristianismo e, especificamente, no protestantismo, analisa-se a utilizaÃÃo do local das celebraÃÃes de maior porte dessa comunidade, a Tenda, como espaÃo de espetÃculo, cenÃrio de performances. Nessa Ãtica, a partir da etnografia realizada, sÃo analisadas as celebraÃÃes dominicais. A relaÃÃo entre atuaÃÃo profÃtica e performance sÃo analisadas, permitindo compreender como se articulam para os fins da autenticaÃÃo do carisma.
Itâs about the genesis, development, structure and practices of a religious community to Central Baptist Church of Fortaleza (IBC), generated under the influence of charismatic leadership exerted by Pastor Armando Bispo da Cruz, whose charisma authentication mode the held in spectacular celebrations. This research has like a theoretical reference contributions of Max Weber (1989, 1982, 1994, 1999), Pierre Bourdieu (1984 and 1992), Jean Paul Willaime (1986, 2000, 2002, 2003 e 2009), Paul Zumthor (1997 and 2000) and Renato Cohen (2007), ), among other authors who were also important for this work. Besides the literature, procedures were employed for qualitative research, such as image analysis, observation, interviews and informal conversations to gather data. The genesis and development of the religious Protestant brazilian field are presented in general terms, allowing us to understand the emergence and expansion of the IBC, a new Protestant communities whose administrative structure and strategic organization serve as support for the exercise of charismatic leadership and prophetic, in the Weberian sense. Starting still from a historical approach on the temples in Christianity, specifically Protestantism, it analyzes the use this communitÂs greatest place of celebrations, the Tent, like a space of spectacle, scene of performances. From this perspective, since the held ethnography, the sunday celebrations are analyzed. The relationship between the prophetic role and performance are analyzed, allowing us to understand how to articulate in order of authentication of charisma.

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Damasceno, Yuri Wicher. "Conversões e negociações : um estudo dos relatos de missionários protestantes da Church Missionary Society em Uganda-África (1876-1890) /". Assis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/133982.

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Orientador: Lucia Helena Oliveira Silva
Banca: Paulo César Gonçalves
Banca: Patrícia Teixeira Santos
Resumo: Trabalhamos a partir do conceito de representações utilizados pela "Nova" História Política que foi utilizado na compreensão dos relatos de missionários protestantes da Church Missionary Society liderados por Alexander Mackay, que atuaram na região central da África durante o final do século XIX (1876-1890), engajados em um projeto evangelizador para angariação de novos convertidos, principalmente a partir da análise da fonte primária The Wonderful History of Uganda publicado por Joseph Dennis Mullins em 1904 após a reunião de uma série de relatos produzidos no período utilizado como recorte temporal. O trabalho visa reconhecer e explanar a voz dos africanos suas atuações enquanto resistentes e negociadores do processo que levou à incursão da religião cristã protestante no território do antigo reino de Buganda
Abstract: We work from the concept of representations used by the "New" Political History that was used in the understanding of Protestant missionaries of the Church Missionary Society reports led by Alexander Mackay, who worked in Central Africa during the late nineteenth century (1876-1890 ), engaged in an evangelizing project for attracting new converts, particularly from the analysis of the primary source the Wonderful History of Uganda published by Joseph Dennis Mullins in 1904 after meeting a series of reports produced in the period used as a time frame. The work aims to recognize and explain the voice of Africans his performances as tough negotiators and the process that led to the incursion of Protestant Christian religion in the territory of the ancient kingdom of Buganda
Mestre

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Lucas, Kristin. "Literature, protestantism, and the idea of community". Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85185.

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The Protestant community is articulated through liturgy, history, and drama. Liturgy teaches communal bonds and scripts their enactment, while narrative and dramatic depictions of the collective past appeal to the imagination of readers and viewers. Liturgy and literature are joined by the participation they invite, which engages parishioners, readers, and audiences with questions of affiliation and collectivity. Lack of attention to the ways Renaissance texts pondered over and produced bonds of commonality has sidetracked us from the communal nature of the period. We need to reevaluate such bonds to better understand how English culture imagined relationships between individual and community, and between people and institutions---including church and theatre. When orthodox writing is treated as doctrine and praxis, and not as a means for political indoctrination, we gain a different understanding of the potential for human relationships, one more generous and reciprocal than the model of coercion that has dominated literary studies. Such reciprocity is found in Church of England liturgy, and in the imaginative space of Foxe's Acts and Monuments, which seeks to forge the Protestant community through an ethics of reading. Imaginative space was also a public space, and Shakespeare's King John and Marlowe's The Massacre at Paris reflect upon religious affiliation in moments of war and atrocity; both plays represent very tangled lines of identification that do not endorse Catholic-Protestant factions but undo them. Religious writing and public theatre explored the precarious balance between community and individual, offering readers and audiences a vehicle for thinking about their own immediate lives and their sense of belonging.

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Thompson, Leslie J. "Establishment and growth of Protestantism in Colombia". Thesis, Bangor University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432793.

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Souza, Carlos Henrique Pereira de. "Entre a capela e a catedral: tensões e reinvenções da identidade religiosa na experiência do protestantismo histórico atual". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8415.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O trabalho analisa as transformações ocorridas nas igrejas protestantes históricas no campo religioso atual. A partir da análise de um estudo de caso feito em uma igreja histórica no Rio de Janeiro, a pesquisa busca compreender que elementos podem ser identificados na experiência religiosa desta comunidade, que indicam transformações em sua identidade religiosa. A reflexão parte de uma discussão sobre a própria noção de pentecostalização, que no contexto do campo religioso evangélico, tem sido utilizada como elemento que simboliza a disputa de identidade entre os grupos ligados ao protestantismo histórico e os movimentos pentecostais. O texto faz uma análise sobre as tensões existentes entre grupos tradicionais, ligados ao que foi chamado aqui de intelectualidade protestante, que faz uso do termo como categoria acusatória, ou seja, a pentecostalização para estes setores seria uma espécie de degeneração da tradição das igrejas históricas. A pesquisa visa repensar essa categoria que aparece no campo religioso, discutindo aspectos teóricos sobre a acusação aos pentecostais e sua influência no campo como uma religiosidade mágia que é enfrentada pela religiosidade intelectualizada presente na tradição histórica do protestantismo. A noção de pentecostalização utilizada na pesquisa aponta que para além dessa dicotomia magia (pentecostais) e religião (históricos), estão ocorrendo mudanças importantes na identidade religiosa evangélica, onde as igrejas históricas estão dialogando e resignificando elementos da matriz pentecostal com o objetivo de resignficar essas práticas a fim de dialogar com as mudanças ocorridas no campo evangélico atual, principalmente diante do crescimento do movimento pentecostal.
The paper analyzes the changes occurring in the mainline Protestant churches religious field current. From the analysis of a case study in a historic church in Rio de Janeiro, the research seeks to understand which elements can be identified in the religious experience of this community, which indicate trannformações in their religious identity. The reflection part of a discussion of the notion of Pentecostalization, Which in the context of the religious evangelical, has been used as an element that symbolizes the struggle between identity groups linked to historical Protestantism and Pentecostal movements. The text makes an analysis on the tensions between traditional groups, linked to what was here called Protestant intelligentsia, which makes use of the term as accusatory category, ie Pentecostalization for these sectors would be akind of degeneration of the tradition of the historic churches. The research aims to rethink this category that appears in the religious field, discussing the theoretical aspects of the charge to the Pentecostals and their influence on the field as a religious magic that is faced by religion in this intellectualized historical tradition of Protestantism. The notion of Pentecostalization used in this research indicates that beyond this dichotomy magic (Pentecostal) and religion (historical), there are important changes in the evangelical religious identity, where the historic churches are talking and redefining the matrix elements for the purpose of Pentecostal resignficar these practices to diaolgar with the changes in the evangelical field day, especially given the growth of the Pentecostal movement.

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Veras, Rogério de Carvalho. "O arquiteto das orquídeas : trajetória e memória de George William Butler, médico e missionário protestante no Nordeste da aurora republicana (1883-1919) /". Assis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154857.

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Orientador: Wilton Carlos Lima da Silva
Banca: Milton Carlos Costa
Banca: Lucia Helena Oliveira Silva
Banca: Lyndon de Araújo Santos
Banca: Tiago Hideo Barbosa Watanabe
Resumo: Esta pesquisa trata da trajetória e da memória de George William Butler (1853[?]-1919), médico e missionário protestante que viveu no Nordeste do Brasil em fins do século XIX e início do XX, período de transformações como a crise da influência da Igreja Católica, crise da Monarquia e a implantação do regime republicano. Privilegia-se o biográfico como meio de interpretação da realidade social e histórica, cujo objetivo foi compreender como um indivíduo, agente de uma religião minoritária, vivenciou as transformações macrossociais da secularização da sociedade, percebendo o seu papel neste processo que desembocou na separação Igreja e Estado e na legitimação da pluralidade religiosa, bem como a importância dos protestantes no processo de reconfiguração do espaço público. Por se tratar de uma trajetória permeada por uma memória institucional, empreende-se um estudo sobre a memória deste personagem, procurando compreender suas lógicas, coerções e esquecimentos; os processos de construção, reconstrução, disputas e reprodução da memória de George Butler, com diferentes usos em projetos de intervenção no espaço público por grupos protestantes política e ideologicamente diferentes. Utiliza-se diversos tipos de fontes: os relatórios de George Butler, de sua esposa, Rena Butler, e de seus aliados; os jornais das cidades de São Luís, Recife, Garanhuns e Canhotinho, além de jornais eclesiásticos, atas de reuniões eclesiásticas e as biografias sobre George Butler; imagens e fotografias... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This research deals with the trajectory and memory of George William Butler (1853[?]-1919), a physician and protestant missionary who lived in Northeast Brazil in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a period of transformations such as the crisis of influence of the Catholic Church, crisis of the Monarchy and the implementation of the republican regime. The biographical is taken as a means of interpreting social and historical reality, whose purpose was to understand how an individual, an agent of a minority religion, experienced the macrossocial transformations of the secularization of society, perceiving his role in this process that led to the separation of Church and State and the legitimation of religious plurality, as well as the importance of protestants in the process of reconfiguration of the public space. Since such a trajectory permeated by an institutional memory, a research on the memory of this personage is undertaken by trying to understand its logics, coercion and forgetfulness; the processes of construction, reconstruction, disputes, and reproduction of George Butler's memory, with different uses in projects of intervention in the public space by politically and ideologically different protestant groups. Various sources are used: reports of George Butler, his wife, Rena Butler, and his allies, newspapers of the cities of São Luís, Recife, Garanhuns and Canhotinho, as well as ecclesiastical journals, minutes of ecclesiastical meetings, and biographies about George Butler; images and photographs released by the missionaries, especially those released by Mr. and Mrs. Butler; sources of material culture such as the mausoleum built in honor of George Butler and the architecture of the Presbyterian churches built by him in São Luís, Recife and Canhotinho; oral sources through... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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Santos, João Marcos Leitão. "A ordem social em crise: a inserção do protestantismo em Pernambuco 1860-1891". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-27022009-171104/.

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Este trabalho discutiu a história religiosa do Brasil, especificamente em Pernambuco a partir do confronto entre católicos e protestantes, com o advento das primeiras atividades missionárias protestantes em Pernambuco no século XX. Enfrentou o obstáculo recorrente na investigação histórica no que refere aos embates da teoria historiográfica, sobre uma história política, das idéias, das mentalidades, da cultura, intelectual, mas o tema proposto era atinente a História da Idéias, referência adotada. A tese central deste trabalho é que a inserção do protestantismo em Pernambuco constituiu um conflito, e que este foi de caráter ideológico e não confessional, em torno de duas concepções distintas de estabelecimento da Ordem Social, ou da organização social. Para este fim buscamos mostrar que o protestantismo é uma concepção de mundo, um sistema ideológico (em sentido lato, conjunto de idéias), não apenas uma confissão religiosa ou sistema religioso. Assim sendo se objeto foi o protestantismo em Pernambuco, enquanto expressão sócio-política de um sujeito religioso, para responde ao problema acerca da forma como a emergência deste um novo sujeito, estabeleceu um conflito com o sujeito religioso estabelecido, o catolicismo romano. Responde-se o que aconteceu então? Com esta problematização demonstramos a identidade dos sujeitos investigados, a natureza do conflito, a configuração do conflito, e a. solução / acomodação do conflito. Concluímos então que embora sujeitos substantivamente 9 religiosos, conflitaram politicamente, reafirmando que o antagonismo gerado com a presença protestante e a conseqüente reação católica se deveu mais ao risco a ordem social do que a heterodoxia religiosa, de onde a crise que intitula o trabalho.
This work has discussed the religious history of Brazil, specifically in Pernambuco, from the confrontation between Catholics and Protestants, with the advent of the first missionary work Protestants in Pernambuco, in the twentieth century.

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Ferreira, Valdinei Aparecido. "Protestantismo e modernidade no Brasil". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8132/tde-30072008-103130/.

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Esta tese tem por tema as relações entre protestantismo e modernidade no Brasil. O objetivo primordial é a compreensão das transformações nas relações entre o protestantismo e a modernidade no Brasil. Para alcançar o objetivo, utilizamos, no exame do tema, a sociologia compreensiva de matriz weberiana. A investigação sociológica, que reservou lugar de destaque para o protestantismo na emergência da modernidade ocidental, passou, de um lado, a interessar-se pela compreensão e explicação do declínio da religião protestante na sociedade moderna e, de outro, se as religiões pentecostais na América Latina mantinham ainda afinidades com o protestantismo e com a modernidade. O protestantismo valeu-se, para sua inserção no Brasil, a partir de meados do século XIX, de sua afinidade com a modernidade representada pelos Estados Unidos. Todavia, o significado da modernidade para o protestantismo foi sendo alterado ao longo do século XX. A primeira transformação nas relações entre protestantismo e modernidade no Brasil ocorreu quando a identificação com a herança moderna norte-americana passou do questionamento, nas primeiras décadas do século XX, à rejeição completa, na década de sessenta, por setores enraizados no liberalismo teológico. A segunda transformação nas relações do protestantismo com a modernidade no Brasil é encontrada na introdução da reflexividade no campo do conhecimento teológico. No esforço de apresentar-se como religião moderna, o protestantismo de inspiração liberal utilizou a reflexividade para reinterpretar a Bíblia à luz da cultura e da razão e para redefinir suas relações com o catolicismo romano. De tempos em tempos, ao longo do século XX, assistiram-se polarizações no interior do campo protestante brasileiro em torno de esforços de acomodação e de rejeição dos pressupostos cognitivos da modernidade, representados pela reflexividade. A sociologia do protestantismo brasileiro privilegiou a análise dos grupos protestantes, reunidos em torno da rejeição da reflexividade, usualmente denominados como fundamentalistas. Demonstramos que a atitude de acomodação aos pressupostos cognitivos da modernidade tem tido presença constante no protestantismo brasileiro, e a sua condição minoritária no campo religioso protestante não se explica apenas por meio da repressão sofrida por parte dos setores conservadores, mas levando-se em conta também a própria natureza das crenças liberais. A repressão conservadora oferece aos setores liberais a oportunidade para realização de rituais de ruptura, que, no caso do protestantismo, consistem basicamente nalguma transgressão no campo das idéias e das palavras. A particularidade do protestantismo reside na construção de sua identidade em relação íntima com a modernidade, seja de rejeição, seja de acomodação.
The theme of this thesis is the relations between Protestantism and modernity in Brazil. The primary goal is the understanding of the transformations in the relations between Protestantism and modernity in Brazil. In order to achieve the objective we used in the examination of the theme, the sociology of the comprehensive Weberian matrix. The sociological research that reserved a place of prominence for Protestantism in the emergence of a western modernity, has become, on one hand, interested in the understanding and explanation of the decline of Protestant religion in modern society and, on the other hand, if the Pentecostal religions in Latin America still maintained affinities with Protestantism and with modernity. Due to its affinity with the modernity represented by the United States, the Protestantism was inserted in Brazil in the mid-nineteenth century. However, the meaning of modernity for Protestantism changed over the twentieth century. The first transformation in the relations between Protestantism and modernity in Brazil occurred when the identification with the modern legacy of the North American, changed from questioning, in the first decades of the twentieth century, to the complete rejection in the sixties by the theological liberalism. The second transformation in the relations of Protestantism with modernity in Brazil was found in the introduction of reflexivity in the field of theological knowledge. In the effort to present as a modern religion, the Protestantism of a liberal inspiration used the reflexivity to reinterpret the Bible in the light of culture and reason and to redefine its relations with Roman Catholicism. From time to time, throughout the twentieth century, we saw a polarization within the Protestant Brazilian field around efforts of accommodation and rejection of cognitive assumptions of modernity, represented by the reflexivity. The sociology of the Brazilian Protestantism focused on the analysis of the Protestant groups gathered around the rejection of reflection, usually called fundamentalists. We demonstrate that the attitude of accommodation to the cognitive assumptions of modernity has constant presence in the Brazilian Protestantism and its minority condition in the Protestant religious field can not be explained only by means of repression suffered by the conservative sectors, but taking into account also the very nature of liberal beliefs. The conservative repression offers to the liberal sectors the opportunity to conduct rituals of disruption, which in the case of Protestantism, basically consists in some transgression in the field of ideas and words. The particularity of Protestantism lies in the construction of their identity in intimate relation with modernity, whether rejection or accommodation.

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Randriamanantena, Herimino Paoly. "Le néocriticisme d'Henri Bois". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30061/document.

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Le néocriticisme d'Henri Bois fait partie du néocriticisme français, fondé par Charles Renouvier et François Pillon, dont le but avoué consistait à donner une philosophie et une morale à la République. Le protestantisme constituait pour eux une religion alternative au catholicisme : c'était la religion de Kant. Bois pense trouver dans cet héritage criticiste les fondations d'un renouveau théologique du protestantisme français. Le néocriticisme de Bois se caractérise essentiellement par deux points : une conception du temps redéfini comme catégorie de la raison en tant que forme de l'esprit et non plus spatialisé en tant que forme de la sensibilité ; une insistance sur le rôle central de la conscience morale et de la croyance dans la théorie de la connaissance. L'Être ne se définit pas par son agir ou par son faire, mais par ses relations avec d'autres êtres. En théologie, le Dieu que le croyant rencontre dans l'expérience religieuse est anthropomorphe, inscrit dans les limites du connaissable ; il n'est pas le deus absconditus du « panthéisme » et de l'agnosticisme. La détermination de l'indéterminé se fait sur le plan psychologique et non sur celui de la théorie de la connaissance, et les phénomènes sont tous déjà déterminés en tant qu'objets. Le néocriticisme conduit logiquement à la « psychologie religieuse ». Cela s'exprime, chez Bois, par l'importance accordée à la temporalité de Dieu et à l'historicité de son action, notamment à la dimension critique de l'histoire appliquée au Christ centre de la foi, mais aussi par le rôle fondamental du langage sous forme de croyances dans toute expérience religieuse et dans toute spiritualité
The neocriticism of Henri Bois is part of the French Neocriticism, founded by Charles Renouvier and François Pillon, whose stated purpose was to provide a philosophy and a moral to the French Republic. Protestantism was for them an alternative religion to Catholicism, as well as it was Kant's religion. Bois thinks this criticist legacy can provide the foundations of a theological renewal of French Protestantism. The Bois' neocriticism is characterized essentially by two points: a conception of time redefined as a category of reason as a form of mind or spirit and not as a spatial form of sensibility; an insistence on the centrality of moral conscience and of belief in the theory of knowledge. The highets Being is not defined by his act or his doing, but by his relationships to other beings. In theology, the God that the believer encounters in religious experience is anthropomorphic, included in the limits of the knowable; he is not the deus absconditus of the pantheism and the agnosticism. The determination of the undetermined proceeds to the psychology and not to the theory of knowledge, and all the phenomena are already determined as objects. The neocriticism logically leads to the "psychology of religion". According to Bois, it is expressed by the importance given to the temporality of God and to the historicity of his action, including the critical dimension of history applied to Christ, who is the center of the faith, but also by the fundamental role of language, taking the form of beliefs, in any religious experience and spirituality

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Lima, Neto Francisco de Paiva [UNESP]. "Crer, aprender e sentir: o tripé estratégico para transmissão de visão de mundo do casal Kalley, na inserção do protestantismo no Brasil no século XIX". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103079.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-06-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:07:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 limaneto_fp_dr_arafcl.pdf: 2698360 bytes, checksum: dce8979b0e0f92abfb4e5afb666b1937 (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
No século XIX, após as frustrações das tentativas de franceses, na Bahia da Guanabara, e holandeses no Nordeste, o protestantismo paulatinamente inicia um processo de inserção no Brasil Monárquico, em uma nação, que pela lei do padroado, não diferenciava religião e Estado. Essa inserção de seu de muitas maneiras, por meio da imigração, de empreendimentos missionários, da implantação de escolas e também por iniciativas individuais. Uma dessas iniciativas foi o trabalho do casal Robert e Sarah Kalley. Robert Kalley, médico e missionário voluntário, financiado por fortuna pessoal, após sua expulsão da Ilha da Madeira e breve passagem pelos Estados Unidos da América, vem para o Brasil e fixa residência em Petrópolis. Funda a primeira Igreja Evangélica em solo brasileiro – A Igreja Evangélica Fluminense. Sarah Kalley, missionária e educadora, acompanhando seu marido, desenvolve um trabalho educacional religioso e secular no Rio de Janeiro, em um momento histórico em que o Estado Monárquico não valorizava a educação. Em seus escritos encontramos marcas de uma ideologia racional e moderna, divulgada em uma nação monárquica e escravocrata. Nesta tese, esses escritos são analisados a partir do conceito de ideologia como visão de mundo elaborado por Gramsci. Essas análises nos levam a pensar que, como intelectuais orgânicos, o casal Kalley se julga portadores de uma missão, a qual, a reboque da difusão do protestantismo, transmite também uma visão de mundo pautada na racionalidade e modernidade
In 19th century, after attempts´ frustrations of Frenchmen, in Bahia of Guanabara, and Dutchman in the North-eastern, the Protestantism gradually initiates a process of insertion in Monarchical Brazil, in a nation, which by law called the padroado, didn’t differentiates religion and State. This insertion happened of lot ways, by immigration, missionaries enterprise, by establishment of schools and also by individual initiatives. One of these initiatives was the work of the couple Robert and Sarah Kalley. Robert Kalley, doctor and voluntary missionary, financed by personal richness, after its expulsion of Wood Island and passage by the United States of America, come for Brazil to live in Petrópolis. In the Rio de Janeiro city establishes the first Brazilian Gospel Church – The Fluminense Evangelic Church. Sarah Kalley, missionary and educator, following her husband, develops a religious and secular educational work in Rio de Janeiro, at a historical moment when the Monarchic State did not value the education.In their writings we found marks of the rational and modern ideology, revealed in a monarchical nation which allowed slave. In this thesis, these writings are analyzed starting from the concept ideology like vision of world worked out by Gramsci. These analyses make us to think that, like organic intellectuals, the Kalley couple judges conveyors a mission, which, the trailer of the diffusion of the Protestantism, transmit also a vision of world regulated in rationality and a modernity

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LEAL, MARCIO DE CARVALHO. "LIQUID SALVATION: THE ISSUE IN BRAZILIAN PROTESTANTISM SOTERIOLOGICAL MISSION". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=22400@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Esta pesquisa centra-se no estudo da soteriologia tradicional ensinada pelo protestantismo brasileiro de missão. Busca-se desenvolver o tema a partir da percepção dualista presente nesta soteriologia, bem como a concepção a-histórica da mesma e apresenta como contraponto a teologia Moltmanniana. O trabalho se desenvolve em três capítulos que buscam estruturar esta dissertação: No primeiro, descreve-se a pós-modernidade na visão de Zygmunt Bauman e a herança teológica herdada pelo protestantismo brasileiro de missão; no segundo, desenvolve-se a observação da crise de modelo soteriológico dualista presente na teologia tradicional protestante e no terceiro, a apresentação da teologia Moltmanniana na prática de um seguimento de Cristo e da Missão Integral, propondo uma visão que envolva o ser humano em sua integralidade.
This research focuses on the critical study of soteriology traditionally taught by Brazilian Protestantism focused on Mission. We seek to develop this critique from the dualistic perception present in this soteriology as well as ahistorical conception of it. Moltmanniana theology is presented as a counterpoint. The work is developed in three chapters that seek to structure this thesis: In the first chapter, it is described the postmodern vision of Zygmunt Bauman and theological heritage inherited by Brazilian Protestantism focused on Mission. In the second, it is developed the observation of the dualistic soteriological model crisis in traditional Protestant theology. Finally, the third chapter presents Moltmanniana theology in a practical way concerning concepts of Following Christ and Integral Mission, proposing a vision that involves the human being in his entirety.

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Park, Sungwhan. "Ethical preaching in contemporary Korean Protestantism : a critical reflection". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5264.

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Thesis (DTh (Practical Theology and Missiology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of our study was not merely to recount the ethical problems of the Korean Protestant Church and its members, but to suggest a new ethical preaching mode for resolving these problems. Thus, in order to research the subject of our study, we used two methodologies: Dingemans’s practical theological methodology and the Heidelberg method of sermon analysis. In chapter one, we stated the question why the Korean Protestant Church’s growth is declining, and described the current social situation in which the Korean people are starting to turn their backs on the Korean Protestant Church, and also mistrusting the morality of this Church as its members do not seem to act in accordance with their stated beliefs. Their ethical behaviour does not correspond with the content of their confession. In order to show exactly the practical and problematic phenomenon of the Korean Protestant Church and its members, we used the results of six surveys conducted recently by several institutes. Furthermore, in order to expose exactly the Korean Protestant Christian’s ethical problems in terms of homiletics, we suggested that our study focuses on the following three issues: political, triumphal and narrative, as these three sermon patterns flow like rivers into the Korean Protestant Church and its American theological connection. By doing so, our study hoped to contribute ultimately towards the rediscovery and revalidation of ethical preaching in contemporary Korea. From chapter two to chapter seven, we thus strived to explain the content of, and relationship between, the three preaching modes as described above (political, triumphal, and experiential), and we analysed the sermons of three representative Korean Protestant preachers in detail, by using the framework of the Heidelberg method. In chapter eight, we evaluated the ethical situation of the Korean Protestant Church and its members in contemporary Korea as follows: “Consequently, in contemporary Korea, the Koreans no longer believe and trust the Korean Protestant Church. Thus, since the 1990s, the present Korean Protestant Church is experiencing a decline in the attendance of its members because the present Korean Protestant Church has lost its dignity due to its ethical problems. In our opinion, it is true that the Korean Protestant Church needs to discover Christian ethics; thus, the Church must especially focus on its lack of social ethics and political responsibility in the Reformed theological views. In order to promote the public’s trust in the Korean Protestant Church and its members, it is inevitable that Korean Protestant ministers must focus more on Christian ethics than on the outward development of the Church in contemporary Korea. Thus, in order to establish Christian ethics in Korea, the Korean Protestant preachers must consider ethical preaching, through which naturally, Christians will try to follow Jesus’ life and teachings before God by faith in the world.” In chapter nine, we explained in detail what ethical preaching is, i.e. we introduced the necessity for ethical preaching, and defined it as well as components thereof. In particular, we emphasized that the world’s position and function are unique, as evil controls the world in terms of ethical preaching because human beings have been captured by the multiplicity of the powers or related them to contemporary social realities, and they cannot but produce Christian ethical problems in the world. Furthermore, we suggested the following: “We obviously need the harmony of Campbell and Long’s homiletical views in order to create the best framework for ethical preaching for contemporary Korea.” In chapter ten, we critically compared and reflected on the homiletical views of Campbell and Long in terms of ethical preaching. Furthermore, we created a new ethical preaching mode for contemporary Korea. In chapter eleven, we introduced some suggestions as regards the way ethical preaching could be done in contemporary Korea, i.e. we strived to compose a sermon’s synopsis of ethical preaching with the newly formed framework. Thus, with Luke 8:22-39, we dealt with “the division of Korea into North and South” and, with Luke 10:25-37, “racial prejudice toward coloured foreign workers” by using the newly formed ethical preaching mode. In chapter twelve, we summarized and concluded our dissertation. As regards the homiletical field of Korea, we introduced four benefits our study can offer. On the other hand, we pointed out the shortcomings of our study as follows: “Jesus Christ and ethical issues from the Old Testament” and “the relationship between our ethical preaching mode and Christian worship, especially liturgy.” In this chapter, thus, we emphasized the abovementioned points as suggestions for future research.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van ons studie was nie ŉ blote weergee van die etiese probleme van die Koreaanse Protestantse Kerk en sy lidmate nie, maar om ŉ nuwe metode van etiese prediking ter oplossing van hierdie probleme voor te stel. Gevolglik het ons, ten einde navorsing oor ons onderwerp te doen, twee metodologiee aangewend: Dingemans se prakties-teologiese metodologie en die Heidelbergse metode van prediking analise. In hoofstuk 1 het ons die vraag gestel waarom daar ŉ afname was in die groei van die Koreaanse Protestantse Kerk en die huidige sosiale situasie waarin die Koreaanse bevolking die Koreaanse Protestantse Kerk die rug keer en ook die moraliteit van die kerk aangesien sy lidmate nie handel volgens hul verklaarde oortuigings nie beskryf. Hul etiese gedrag stem nie ooreen met die inhoud van hul belydenis nie. Ten einde die praktiese en problematiese verskynsel van die Koreaanse Protestantse Kerk en sy lidmate juis te beklemtoon, het ons die resultate van ses opnames wat onlangs deur verskeie institute gedoen is gebruik. Verder, om die etiese probleme van die Koreaanse Protestantse Christen in terme van homilitiek noukeurig bloot te le, het ons voorgestel dat ons studie op die volgende drie aspekte fokus: politiese, triomferende en narratiewe aangesien hierdie drie erediens patrone soos riviere in die Koreaanse Protestantse Kerk en sy Amerikaanse teologiese verbintenis vloei. Sodoende hoop ons studie om uiteindelik ŉ bydrae te lewer tot die herontdekking en herbekragtiging van etiese prediking in hedendaagse Korea. Vanaf hoofstuk twee tot hoofstuk sewe het ons dus daarna gestreef om die inhoud van en die verhouding tussen die drie metodes van prediking, soos hierbo beskryf (politiese, triomferende en narratiewe), te verduidelik en het ons deur middel van die Heidelbergse metode die preke van drie verteenwoordigende Koreaanse Protestantse predikers breedvoerig geanaliseer. In hoofstuk ag (t) het ons die etiese situasie van die Koreaanse Protestantse Kerk en sy lidmate soos volg geevalueer: “Gevolglik glo en vertrou die Koreane in hedendaagse Korea nie meer die Koreaanse Protestantse Kerk nie. Dus, sedert die 1990’s beleef die huidige Koreaanse Protestantse Kerk ŉ afname in die bywoning van sy lidmate omdat die Koreaanse Protestantse Kerk sy waardigheid verloor het as gevolg van sy etiese probleme. Volgens ons is dit waar dat die Koreaanse Protestantse Kerk Christelike etiek moet ontdek; dus, die Kerk moet spesifiek fokus op sy gebrek aan sosiale etiek en politieke verantwoordelikheid in die gereformeerde teologiese gesigspunte. Ten einde die publiek se vertroue in die Koreaanse Protestantse Kerk en sy lidmate te bevorder, is dit onvermydelik dat die predikante van die Koreaanse Protestantse Kerk meer moet fokus op Christelike etiek as op die uiterlike ontwikkeling van die kerk in hedendaagse Korea. Dus moet Koreaanse Protestantse predikers etiese prediking, waardeur Christene in die wereld sal probeer om Jesus se lewe en onderwysings voor God deur geloof te volg, oorweeg ten einde Christelike etiek in Korea te vestig.” In hoofstuk nege het ons breedvoerig verduidelik wat etiese prediking behels, d.w.s. ons het die noodsaaklikheid van etiese prediking ingelei en dit tesame met die komponente daarvan gedefinieer. Ons het in besonder die uniekheid van die wereld se posisie en funksie beklemtoon aangesien boosheid die wereld in terme van etiese prediking beheer omdat mense gevange geneem is deur die veelvoudige magte of eietydse, met hul verbonde sosiale werklikhede en hulle nie anders kan as om Christelike etiese probleme in die wereld voort te bring nie. Verder het ons die volgende voorgestel: “Ons het duidelik die harmonie van Campbell en Long se homiletiese standpunte nodig ten einde die beste raamwerk vir etiese prediking vir hedendaagse Korea te skep.” In hoofstuk tien het ons die kritiese vergelyking getref tussen en gereflekteer op die homiletiese uitgangspunte van Campbell en Long in terme van etiese prediking. Voorts het ons ŉ nuwe metode van etiese prediking vir hedendaagse Korea ontwikkel. In hoofstuk elf het ons sekere voorstelle betreffende die manier waarop etiese prediking in hedendaagse Korea gedoen sou kon word aangebied, d.w.s. ons het daarna gestrewe om ŉ prediking se oorsig van etiese prediking met ŉ nuutgevormde raamwerk saam te stel. Dus, met Lukas 8:22-39 het ons gefokus op “die verdeling van Korea in Noord en Suid” en met Lukas 10:25-37, “rassistiese vooroordeel teenoor gekleurde buitelandse arbeiders” deur van die nuutgevormde metode van etiese prediking gebruik te maak. In hoofstuk twaalf het ons die dissertasie saamgevat en afgesluit. Ons het, betrekking tot die homiletiese landskap in Korea, vier voordele wat ons studie kan bied voorgestel. Enersyds het ons sekere tekortkominge van ons studie soos volg uitgewys: “Jesus Christus en die etiese kwessies van die Ou Testament” en “die verhouding tussen ons etiese predikingswyse en Christelike aanbidding, veral liturgie”. In hierdie hoofstuk het ons dus die bogenoemde punte as voorstelle vir toekomstige navorsing voorgestel.

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Moore, Francis Arthur. "Gloucester Diocese and the advance of Protestantism, 1541-1580". Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683120.

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Fraser, Liam Jerrold. "Secret sympathy : atheists, fundamentalists, and the spirit of Protestantism". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25974.

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This thesis defends two arguments. First, it is argued that new atheism and Protestant fundamentalism in Britain and America share a common historical root in the English Reformation and its aftermath. This common historical root gave rise to two presuppositions instrumental in their genesis: a literal, univocal, and perspicuous understanding of Scripture, and a disruptive and substitutionary conception of divine activity in nature. Second, it is argued that these two presuppositions continue to structure both forms of thought, and support a range of shared biblical, hermeneutical, and theological beliefs. In advancing these arguments, a number of substantive conclusions regarding atheism, Protestant fundamentalism, and the lineage of Protestant thought in Britain and America are reached. First, it is argued that, while lacking detail, popular comparisons between new atheism and Protestant fundamentalism are cogent. Second, it is argued that atheism in Britain and America grew out of intellectual and social problems within Protestantism. Third, it is argued that Protestant fundamentalism was itself a response to the same train of problems that gave rise to atheism. Fourth, it is argued that new atheism is not an areligious movement but an atheological one, which finds it necessary to engage in the task of theology in order to reject the existence of God and the truth of the Christian faith. Fifth, this study casts doubt on the self-understanding of both Protestant fundamentalism and new atheism, showing that Protestant fundamentalism is not truly biblical, nor new atheism scientific, but that both are indebted to presuppositions that neither can properly justify, and which render both self-contradictory.

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Mazet, Michel. "Redressés et réveillés, les protestants drômois et ardéchois sous le régime concordataire (1801-1905) : une même réalité avec des nuances importantes". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2149/document.

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Entre 1802 et 1905, le protestantisme français devient une religion d’État, après deux siècles de persécutions. Dans la Drôme et en Ardèche, les protestants sont très nombreux. Ils retrouvent une place importante dans les villages puis dans les villes où ils vivent. Ils construisent des temples, ouvrent des écoles, créent des œuvres charitables. Ils développent, progressivement mais incomplètement, leurs institutions héritées du XVIe siècle. Ils sont touchés, dans leur vie religieuse quotidienne, par un mouvement revivaliste. Ils se divisent en deux tendances, l’une libérale, l’autre plus conservatrice, ce qui cause des luttes internes majeures. Ils sont confrontés au catholicisme dominant et à la déchristianisation naissante. Ils vivent une évolution démographique différente, marquée par le déclin dans la Drôme et une relative croissance en Ardèche
Between 1802 and 1905, French reformed protestantism becomes a state religion after two centuries’ persecution. In Drôme and Ardèche, reformed protestants are numerous. They are given a chief position again in the villages, and then, in the towns where they live. They build churches, open schools and form charities. They gradually, but not thoroughly, develop the institutions they inherited from the XVIth century.They are struck by a revivalist movement in their everyday religious life. They split up into two trends of opinion, a liberal one and a more conservative one, which is the cause of serious inner clashes. They face the overcoming power of catholicism and the rising of dechristianization. They evolve differently, as to their number, with a population on the wane in Drôme versus a comparative increase in Ardèche

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Marques, Delcides 1979. "Da vida santificada : a moralidade do caminho estreito". [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280928.

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Orientador: Ronaldo Rômulo Machado de Almeida
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: A vida moral protestante é apresentada a partir de sua vertente missionária fundamentalista. Parte-se de um dualismo dessa moral presente na proposta estética puritano-pietista do livro O peregrino, mas principalmente da iconografia "Os dois caminhos". Tal dualismo fundante (o caminho estreito em oposição ao caminho largo) se faz presente na constituição e trajetória histórico-teológica de uma organização expansionista estadunidense fundada por Ted Hegre e chegada ao Brasil como Missão Evangélica Betânia. E para compreender etnograficamente a aplicação da moral do caminho estreito discute-se o estilo de vida essencial alvitrado num seminário teológico betanense
Abstract: The Protestant moral life is presented from a fundamentalist missionary aspect. Party is a moral dualism present in this proposal aesthetic Puritan-Pietist the book The Pilgrim, but mostly of iconography "The two paths." This foundational dualism (the narrow path as opposed to the broad way) is present in the constitution and historical-theological trajectory of an expansionist American organization founded by Ted Hegre and arrival in Brazil as Bethany Evangelical Mission. And to understand the application of moral ethnographically the narrow path discusses the essential lifestyle produced betanense a theological seminary
Doutorado
Antropologia Social
Doutor em Antropologia Social

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Domingos, Simone Tiago. "Política e Religião = repercussões da polêmica sobre o retorno dos jesuítas ao Brasil durante o Segundo Reinado (1840-1870)". [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281160.

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Orientador: Izabel Andrade Marson
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Em seus primeiros anos de retorno ao Brasil, os jesuítas se instalaram, primeiramente, em Desterro, a capital de Santa Catarina, para a fundação de um colégio que funcionou até meados de 1855. Em 1867, além da criação de um segundo colégio naquela cidade, obtiveram licença para abrir dois outros estabelecimentos: o primeiro em Itu ¿ o Colégio São Luís, hoje ainda em atividade na capital de São Paulo ¿ e outro em Recife, o São Francisco Xavier, que permaneceu aberto até 1874. O objetivo principal dessa tese é historiar e explicitar as experiências de fixação dos jesuítas no Império (entre as décadas de 1840 e 1870), destacando nesse percurso as dificuldades por eles encontradas, os meios pelos quais se defenderam e, sobretudo, a polêmica que se instaurou sobre o retorno da Ordem, particularmente nas províncias em que tiveram instituições de ensino ¿ Santa Catarina, S. Paulo e Pernambuco. Assim, a tese aborda a história dos inacianos no Império (entre as décadas de 1840 e 1870) e também tem por preocupação relacionar o debate ocorrido no Brasil à discussão internacional que se estabeleceu sobre a Companhia de Jesus. Para tanto, além de explorar a bibliografia existente sobre a Ordem e sobre a política imperial do período, analisa significativo conjunto de matérias publicadas em jornais de expressão que circularam nas citadas províncias. Explora ainda debates em fóruns políticos importantes, em destaque as Assembleias Provinciais e Geral. O intuito foi retomar a argumentação que sustentou a discussão sobre a presença dos jesuítas no Brasil e sua associação com os principais problemas da política imperial naquele período, a exemplo da imigração estrangeira, da liberdade religiosa, dos conflitos entre o clero nacional e o clero ultramontano, das relações entre o Estado monárquico e a Igreja
Abstract: During their first years after they had come back to Brazil, the Jesuits set up their order first in Desterro, the capital of Santa Catarina, where they founded a school which worked until mid-1855. In 1867, besides the creation of the second school in that city, the order got the permission to open two other establishments: the first one in Itu ¿ Colégio São Luís, that is still working but now in the capital of São Paulo ¿ and another one in Recife, São Francisco Xavier, that closed in 1874. The main purpose of this thesis is to relate and to make explicit the Jesuits¿ settlement experiences during the Empire (between 1840s and 1870s), highlighting the difficulties faced by them during that process, the ways they used to defend themselves, and, above all, the polemic created by the return of the religious order, especially in the provinces where the educational institutes were built, e.g. Santa Catarina, São Paulo and Pernambuco. This thesis discusses the history of Ignatians in the Empire (between 1840s and 1870s) as well as linking the discussions which occurred in Brazil with the existing international debate about the Jesuit Order. To this end, besides the examination of the existing bibliography about the Order and about the politics of the Empire at that time, this thesis analyzes a significant set of newspapers which had an expressive broadcast in the provinces mentioned before. This research also explores the debates that happened in important political spaces, in special General and Provincial Assemblies. The aim was to rediscuss the argumentation that supported the debate about the presence of the Jesuits in Brazil and their association with the main political problems faced by the Empire at that moment, for example, foreign immigration, religious freedom, the conflicts between national clergy and ultramontanist clergy and the relation between the monarchal State and the Church
Doutorado
Politica, Memoria e Cidade
Doutora em História

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Scheliga, Eva Lenita. "Educando sentidos, orientando uma práxis - etnografia das práticas assistenciais de evangélicos brasileiros". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8134/tde-10052012-084930/.

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A presente tese toma as práticas assistenciais evangélicas como objeto privilegiado para a análise das relações entre religião e esfera pública, aqui compreendida como uma arena de mediação de sentidos. Amparada pela abordagem desenhada por Habermas, formula-se a hipótese de que a assistência seria uma espécie de baliza que permite atribuir verossimilhança a determinados posicionamentos públicos, dado que faculta conexões muito singulares entre diferentes campos discursivos (como religião, direito, política e economia) e que, quanto mais complexas forem estas conexões, maior abrangência terá a argumentação e, por consequência, tanto maior será a probabilidade de ela ser levada em consideração na esfera pública. Elementos oriundos da teoria da prática formulada por Bourdieu também são utilizados para analisar estas relações. Disto resulta propor que os diferentes arranjos que permitem ampliar os sentidos atribuídos à assistência estejam intrinsecamente relacionados a disposições que, embora sejam compartilhadas, podem ser diferentemente acionadas em cada contexto de ação. Para refletir sobre em que termos estas relações são produzidas e como são agenciados diferentes códigos compartilhados, toma-se como recorte empírico a Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus e a Rede Evangélica Nacional de Ação Social, investindo-se na produção de uma etnografia de seus agentes e de suas práticas
This dissertation takes evangelical practices of assistance as a privileged object to analyze the relations between religion and the public sphere, which are understood as an arena for the mediation of meanings. Based on the approach designed by Habermas, the hypothesis is that assistance is something that would guide us in attributing verisimilitude to certain public positions, for it allows for very particular connections between different discursive fields (such as religion, law, politics, economy), and the more complex these connections are, the more encompassing argumentation will be; as a consequence, the greater is the probability that it will be taken into consideration in the public sphere. Elements from the theory of practice formulated by Bourdieu are also used to analyze these relations. The result is that the different arrangements that make it possible to broaden the meanings attributed to assistance are closely related to dispositions which, although they are shared, may be resorted to differently in each context of action. In order to think of how these relations are produced and how different codes shared are arranged, an ethnography of the agents and practices of the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God and the Brazilian National Evangelical Network of Social Action was carried out

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Silva, Edjaelson Pedro da. "O "lobo da Escócia", o culto e a constituição: Robert Reid Kalley e as disputas pelo direito de culto no Brasil Império (1855-1873)". Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2016. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1291.

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O trabalho missionário do médico escocês Robert Reid Kalley (1809-1888) em terras brasileiras, acabou suscitando um intenso debate sobre o direito fundamental de liberdade de culto na legislação aqui vigente. O império conhecia, até então, uma legislação restritiva quanto a matéria, fruto de acordos políticos entre Portugal e Inglaterra quando da vinda da família real ao Brasil (1808), permitindo que confissões protestantes aqui atuassem mas sem que houvesse evangelização a brasileiros. Em 1855, Robert Reid Kalley inicia um trabalho de evangelização em língua portuguesa, criando e ampliando o debate sobre essas restrições. Tal debate tomou as ruas, os jornais e o parlamento, gerando, ao final, uma adequação jurídica para o funcionamento das confissões protestantes no Brasil, com o reconhecimento da liberdade de culto.
The missionary work of Scottish doctor Robert Reid Kalley (1809-1888) in Brazilian lands led to an intense debate on the fundamental right to freedom of worship in the legislation in force. The empire had hitherto known a restrictive legislation on the matter, the result of political agreements between Portugal and England upon the coming of the royal family to Brazil (1808), allowing Protestant confessions here to act but without evangelization to Brazilians. In 1855, Robert Reid Kalley began a work of evangelization in Portuguese, creating and expanding the debate on these restrictions. This debate took the streets, the newspapers and the parliament, generating, in the end, a legal adequacy for the operation of the Protestant confessions in Brazil, with the recognition of freedom of worship.

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Trabuco, Zózimo Antônio Passos. "O Instituto Bíblico Batista do Nordeste e a construção da identidade batista em Feira de Santana (1960-1990)". Programa de Pós- Graduação em História da UFBA, 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10884.

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205f.
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Esta dissertação analisa o papel do Instituto Bíblico Batista do Nordeste (IBBNE) para a construção da identidade batista em Feira de Santana entre 1960-1990. Analisei as condições sociais e religiosas de inserção do protestantismo em Feira de Santana, e como os batistas recolocaram no campo religioso feirense, num período de intensas transformações na cidade, conflitos que já haviam sido enfrentados pelo protestantismo e pela própria denominação nas gerações anteriores. Em seguida abordei o IBBNE como parte da atuação batista em Feira de Santana e no Nordeste. A partir dos relatos de conversão e vocação dos candidatos ao estudo teológico, analisei as práticas e representações que construíram uma identidade batista.
Salvador

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29

Goulart, Denise. "Les enjeux socio-politiques de l'action sociale et humanitaire dans la sphère religieuse : l'agence Youth with a Mission en France et au Brésil". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEP021/document.

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Dans cette étude nous proposons un parallèle entre le Brésil et la France, avec un focus sur les différences et ressemblances des enjeux au sein des deux sociétés, en ce qui concerne l’action sociale et ses formes d’expression dans le champ religieux. Cette question sera illustrée par l’étude des activités développées au sein de l’organisation missionnaire de tendance évangélique charismatique Youth With a Mission (YWAM), crée en 1960 par Loren Cunningham aux États-Unis et implantée dans les deux pays. Au travers d’un ensemble d’entretiens et d’une enquête comparative observant les dynamiques personnelles des missionnaires et les actions prosélytes parachurch, l’objectif est de comprendre la situation dans laquelle ces pays se trouvent aujourd’hui en fonction des stratégies prosélytistes intégrées au travail social. Nous nous sommes concentré sur l’analyse du rôle des acteurs évangéliques de YWAM, en tant qu’acteurs associatifs et partenaires dans le domaine de l’action sociale au sein d’États dans lesquels l’État Providence et la conception de la laïcité différent. Nous démontrerons que le choix de la politique sociale appliquée et les éléments qui ressortent de ce système sur les résultats pratiques du cadre de vie des populations des deux pays jouent un rôle sur la manière dont s’exprime la religion et se comportent ses membres, comme dans les moyens d’évangélisation et d’entraide. Dans cette dynamique, nous verrons les implications des actions menées par l’organisation, les effets produits par une « collaboration » entre le religieux et la sphère sociale, et sa rencontre avec la logique des dispositifs juridico-administratifs français et brésilien. Nous explorerons quelques pistes sur les nouvelles formes de sociabilité qui se sont présentées en termes religieux, de manières d’agir et de communiquer. Au-delà du domaine socio-politique, la thèse s’intéresse aussi à la compréhension de l’insertion des jeunes dans les institutions religieuses en tant que professionnels de la foi, quittant un style de vie ordinaire pour un engagement religieux. Notre objectif est de comprendre qui sont ces jeunes, leurs historiques familiaux, leur trajectoires personnelles et comment cette nouvelle vie est perçue et vécue à travers leurs motivations
This research presents a comparative study of aspects of social action and forms of expression within the religious field within Brazil and France. The study focuses on the activities of Youth With a Mission (YWAM), an evangelical charismatic missionary organisation founded in the United States by Loren Cunningham in 1960 and now present in both France and Brazil. Through interviews and comparative observations of the interpersonal dynamics and parachurch proselytizing actions of the missionaries, the aim of the study is to understand the relative impact of the country contexts on the proselytizing strategies of the organisation within its social work. We also analyse the role of the YWAM as social actors and state partners in the social sector, comparing the differing country context of secularism and the welfare state. In this analysis, we consider the issue of public-private collaboration produced by the convergence between YWAM's actions and the distinct legal-administrative contexts in Brazil and France. How do these convergences create innovative forms of social interactions, in terms of religion, social action, and communication? Beyond the socio-political domain, this thesis aims to study the immersion of youths within religious institutions as faith professionals by leaving an ordinary life for a religious commitment. The research analyses who these youths are, and how their family backgrounds and personal trajectories have motivated them to adopt this mode of life

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Merrett, Helen Ruth. "Perspectives on loyalism in representative Irish Drama". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275907.

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Reynolds, Paige Martin. "Reforming Ritual: Protestantism, Women, and Ritual on the Renaissance Stage". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5439/.

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My dissertation focuses on representations of women and ritual on the Renaissance stage, situating such examples within the context of the Protestant Reformation. The renegotiation of the value, place, and power of ritual is a central characteristic of the Protestant Reformation in early modern England. The effort to eliminate or redirect ritual was a crucial point of interest for reformers, for most of whom the corruption of religion seemed bound to its ostentatious and idolatrous outer trappings. Despite the opinions of theologians, however, receptivity toward the structure, routine, and familiarity of traditional Catholicism did not disappear with the advent of Protestantism. Reformers worked to modify those rituals that were especially difficult to eradicate, maintaining some sense of meaning without portraying confidence in ceremony itself. I am interested in how early Protestantism dealt with the presence of elements (in worship, daily practice, literary or dramatic representation) that it derogatorily dubbed popish, and how women had a particular place of importance in this dialogue. Through the drama of Shakespeare, Webster, and Middleton, along with contemporary religious and popular sources, I explore how theatrical representations of ritual involving women create specific sites of cultural and theological negotiation. These representations both reflect and resist emerging attitudes toward women and ritual fashioned by Reformation thought, granting women a particular authority in the spiritual realm.

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32

Bäckman, Olof. "Tro och skrock : En regressionsanalys av korruption, protestantism och sekularism". Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för samhällsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-31417.

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In this study, I search to explore whether the effect of Protestantism on the level of corruption(understood as the misuse of public power for private gain) withstand when controlled forsecularism. This is done via a series of multiple regression analysis which conclude that theeffect of Protestantism on the perceived level of corruption persists when controlling forsecularism. Though the effect is greatly diminished, even when controlling for classicaleconomic factors. The level of secularization remains statistically significant when predictingthe perceived corruption.

2017-06-01

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33

Hare, John Edward Carleton University Dissertation History. "The "Apotheosis of protestantism": the concept of work in Carlyle". Ottawa, 1995.

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Hayat, Cyrus. "Billy Sunday and the masculinization of American Protestantism : 1896-1935 /". Connect to resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/1860.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2008.
Department of History, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Kevin C. Robbins. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-137).

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Luft, Shanny Ariel Yaakov S. "The devil's church conservative Protestantism and the movies, 1915-1955 /". Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2237.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Jun. 26, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Religious Studies." Discipline: Religious Studies; Department/School: Religious Studies.

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Hong, Seung Min. "Protesting Korean Protestantism: media, resistance, and theology of critical insiders". Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6436.

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This study focuses on “critical insiders” of Korean Protestantism in the twenty first century, namely those who are committed to their Protestant faiths yet are highly critical of the ways in which Protestant Christianity is taught, believed, and practiced in South Korea. Particular emphasis is given to the question of how they resist/challenge dominant institutions and popular beliefs – especially on religious authority and various moral and monetary implications of such beliefs – as well as alternative visions they offer, through media. Scholars today acknowledge the centrality of media in various religious practices. I show that the role of media is no less important for religious critical insiders, albeit in somewhat different ways; in the South Korean case, I argue that they resist dominant voices by multi-mediatizing theology. Simply put, multi-mediatizing theology is making religiously normative (i.e. theological) discourses available through multiple outlets and voices and rendering informed theological judgments dependent upon such plurality and diversity of mediated sources. I analyze Korean Protestant critical insiders’ various media movements to illustrate this point and also to explore some ramifications of this kind of resistance taking place in the South Korean context. I also incorporate into my analyses the interviews I conducted with key individuals involved in the production of two Protestant TV shows that attempted at consolidating critical insider voices. I conclude with a theoretical and theological reflection upon the media/communication aspect of the entire phenomenon of Korean Protestantism and critical insiders.

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Kime, Bradley. "Religious Outsiders and the Catholic Critique of Protestantism in America". DigitalCommons@USU, 2015. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4463.

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In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, widespread Catholic commentary cast a congeries of prophets, millenarians, freethinkers, metaphysicians, and other (ir)religious outsiders as an indictment of Protestantism in America. To Catholics, Mormons and Millerites, atheists and agnostics, Spiritualists and Christian Scientists were the exegetical and educational products of Protestantism. And mainstream Protestant reactions to these groups exposed the contradictions of Protestant power and anti-Catholic discourse in America. Catholics argued that proliferating religious radicals ultimately belied Protestants’ portrayals of their own exegetical, intellectual, and politico-religious freedom from Catholic oppression. Recovering Catholic commentary on religious outsiders and Protestantism in America helps correct the historiographical neglect of Catholic responses to anti-Catholicism, present oft-obscured historical Catholic perspectives on American religious history, recover a polemical dialogue where historians have offered a Protestant monologue, and qualify the historical cogency of anti-Catholic discourse in America. Most importantly, this study reveals a rare instance in which one marginalized religious group used other marginalized religious groups to interrogate and critique, rather than appeal to and deflect criticism from, a religious mainstream.

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Paes, Fernando Luís Oliveira Athayde. "Educar mentes e salvar almas : ação missionária protestante na escolarização de indígenas no sul do Mato Grosso (1928-1950)". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7807.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
This research is linked to the line "History, Philosophy and Sociology of Education" from the Doctoral degree in Education, Post-Graduation Program in Education (PPGE) in the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar).The work aimed to search the Protestant missionary action in the schooling of Guarani Kaiowá indigenous ethnic group schooling in Evangelical Mission Caiuá in the south of Mato Grosso. The work aimed to search the protestant missionary activity in the schooling of indigenous from the ethnic group Guarani-Kaiowá in the Evangelical Caiua Mission in the old south of Mato Grosso. It was chosen as chronological temporal cut, the initial period understood as the arrival time of the first Protestant missionaries to that region (1928), culminating with the migrations that were consolidated during the 1950s, through the Agricultural Colony of Dourados (CAND ) and the admission of respondents in the Mission. The theoretical - methodological support, to provide subsidies to the collection, analysis and text editing, counted on contributions from the history and researchers who dedicated to the topic in the field of Mato Grosso, among others. The research focused on the historical circumstances of creation and development of the Evangelical Mission Caiua; therefore, it was given priority as historic sources, documents and interviews with the Guarani-Kaiowá. The Evangelical Mission Caiua in conformity with the patterns of education and evangelization was used by Protestant missionaries as a proposal of civilization and, in some cases, turning the indigenous into laborers, followers of Protestantism and Protestant pastors.
A presente pesquisa encontra-se vinculada à Linha “História, Filosofia e Sociologia da Educação” do curso de Doutorado em Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação (PPGE) da Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar). O trabalho teve como objetivo geral pesquisar a ação missionária protestante na escolarização de indígenas da etnia Kaiowá- Guarani na Missão Evangélica Caiuá no antigo sul de Mato Grosso. Elegeu-se como recorte cronológico-temporal, o período inicial compreendido como a época da chegada dos primeiros missionários protestantes àquela região (1928), culminando com as migrações que se consolidaram durante a década de 1950, por meio da Colônia Agrícola de Dourados (CAND) e o ingresso dos entrevistados na Missão. O aporte teórico-metodológico, a fornecer subsídios para a coleta, análise e redação do texto, contou com as contribuições da história e de pesquisadores que se dedicaram ao tema no âmbito de Mato Grosso, entre outros. A pesquisa focou nas circunstâncias históricas de criação e desenvolvimento da Missão Evangélica Caiuá, por essa razão privilegiaram-se como fontes históricas documento se entrevistas com os Kaiowá-Guarani. A Missão Evangélica Caiuá, em conformidade com os moldes de escolarização e de evangelização, foi utilizada pelos missionários protestantes como proposta de civilização e, em alguns casos, transformando os indígenas em trabalhadores braçais, adeptos do protestantismo e pastores protestantes.

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Opp, James William. "Religion, medicine, and the body, Protestant faith healing in Canada, 1880-1930". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ67008.pdf.

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Siepierski, Carlos Tadeu. ""De bem com a vida": o sagrado num mundo em transformação". Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8134/tde-19072002-131022/.

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Tendo como pano de fundo a visibilidade alcançada pelos evangélicos em décadas recentes, tanto pelo seu extraordinário crescimento numérico, quanto pela sua surpreendente presença no campo político, o trabalho procura analisar, dentro do campo neopentecostal, a especificidade da Igreja Renascer em Cristo. Ao mesmo tempo que ela apresenta um discurso voltado para jovens e empresários de classe média, com uma estética que combina de forma inédita o sagrado com elementos da indústria do entretenimento e da comunicação de massa, constitui-se como um poderoso empreendimento gerenciado segundo uma racionalidade empresarial moderna. Sua capacidade de mobilização se manifesta através de megaeventos,que ampliam ainda mais sua visibilidade, estendendo sua influência além dos seus limites institucionais. É esse poder de mobilização que o campo político-partidário tenta apropriar, sem ter, contudo, o mesmo êxito que o empreendimento religioso, já que a capacidade de arregimentação que a igreja demonstra possuir, se funda no sagrado e para ele retorna. O que está em jogo, mais do que o poder político, é o poder simbólico, ou seja, a capacidade do discurso religioso de encampar na sua lógica segmentos cada vez mais amplos da experiência de vida, em domínios considerados profanos, e conferir-lhes novos significados, frente às incertezas de um mundo em transformação.
Members of evangelic protestant denominations have achieved in recent decades a new visibility in Brazil, owing as much to an extraordinary increase in their numbers as to their unexpected presence in the political arena. It is against the background of such developments that this research attempts to analyze the specificity of the church Renascer em Cristo within the neopentecostal religious field. While it appeals to young people and to middle class businessman, by means of aesthetic devices which surprisingly bring together sacred elements, mass media, and the entertainment industry, the church has turned into a powerful enterprise managed according to principles of modern entrepreneurial rationality. Its capacity to mobilize people is displayed in gigantic shows, which give it a greater visibility and extend its influence beyond its institutional boundaries. It is this mobilization capacity that politicians try to gather in their support in the political arena, without, however, having the same success as the religious enterprise. In fact, the power displayed by the church in gathering such support is based on sacredness and to sacredness it must return. More than political power, then, what is in fact at stake is symbolic power, or the capacity for a religious discourse to encompass within its own logic wider and wider segments of the profane life experience of the people, and confer upon them new meanings, in light of the uncertainties of a world in transformation.

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Castro, Edson Duque de. "A redução protestante: uma análise introdutória das possibilidades do protestantismo na modernidade a partir da precariedade de sua linguagem simbólica". Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2008. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/2507.

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Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
This study investigates language in its symbolic aspect. Generally speaking, language has an existential value. Language builds worldview. It legitimates a specific interpretation of reality. It mediates the relationship with others, and also with the totally other ; in this case a symbolic language is indispensable considering the open and suggestive character of the symbol. It also analyzes Protestantism, mainly its puritanical version as a religion that minimizes mainline religious symbolism in the medieval catholic universe. Protestantism rejects each and every addition to the established relationship between the sinning human being and the untouchable God. The anguish that comes from the relationship between man and God must be overcome alone through a well-succeeded performance in the world that it is capable of revealing the state of grace of the individual. All of that has ethics, economics, and religious implications. Protestantism represents the climax of the process of disenchantment of the world through religion, for through science the world is far from an end. When disenchanted Modernity affirms the autonomy of an individual, it destroys the institutions, it alters the belief, and it promotes religious pluralism and privatizes the religious experience. The individual is free, but crushed for the lack of existential meaning. Modernity frees the individual from religion, but it does not eliminate religion, although not all religion survives in Modernity without choosing insanity. Protestantism based in its freedom principle seems to be the religion of Modernity if it overcomes the temptation of being the holder of the truth. After all, for protestantism, the truth without the search for the truth is only half the truth.
Este trabalho aborda a temática de linguagem em sua perspectiva simbólica. A linguagem de um modo geral, tem valor existencial. Forma uma cosmovisão, legitima uma dada interpretação da realidade, media a relação com o outro, inclusive com o totalmente outro ; neste caso específico, a linguagem simbólica é tida como imprescindível, dado o caráter não fechado e evocativo do símbolo. Analisa também o protestantismo, sobretudo em sua versão puritana, enquanto religião que reduz o simbolismo religioso predominante no universo católico medieval. O protestantismo rejeita todo e qualquer adendo à relação estabelecida entre o ser humano pecador e o Deus intocável. A angústia que daí nasce deve ser superada solitariamente por meio de uma atuação bem sucedida no mundo, capaz de revelar o estado de graça do indivíduo. Isso tem implicações éticas, econômicas e religiosas. O protestantismo representa o clímax do processo de desencantamento do mundo por via religiosa, uma vez que por via científica ele está longe de chegar ao fim. A Modernidade desencantada ao afirmar a autonomia do indivíduo, destrói as instituições, desregula o crer, promove o pluralismo religioso, privatiza a experiência religiosa. O indivíduo é livre, porém esmagado pela falta de sentido existencial. A Modernidade liberta o indivíduo da religião, mas não suprime a religião; embora nem toda religião sobreviva na Modernidade sem optar pela insanidade. O protestantismo, com base em seu princípio de liberdade, é a religião da Modernidade, desde que consiga superar a tentação de posse da verdade. Até porque em sua essência o protestantismo afirma que a verdade sem a busca da verdade é apenas metade da verdade.

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Luz, Érica de Campos Visentini da. "A produção musical evangélica no Brasil". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-04062008-152940/.

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O objetivo da presente tese é oferecer um levantamento documental acerca da produção musical evangélica no Brasil. Em termos teológicos e institucionais, o protestantismo procurou evidenciar mais os elementos que uniam as diferentes denominações do que os que as diferenciavam, e essa característica transparece na produção musical, uma vez que há livre trânsito de cantores e compositores entre igrejas e empresas do ramo e o repertório musical é basicamente um só, oriundo da tradição norte-americana da chamada era missionária, ocorrida em meados do século XIX e uma posterior produção nacional, mantendo os mesmos padrões musicais e literários. Considerando os anos de 1930 a 1990, época anterior à produção e distribuição digital da música, em que predominavam os LPs, os famosos bolachões, a pesquisa foi realizada em gravadoras e rádios das cidades de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro através de um mapeamento exaustivo de todo material disponível. Foi criado um banco de dados no Access - Microsoft, onde foram cadastrados 965 álbuns, 9370 canções e 6269 artistas, além de várias outras informações. Foi gerado um relatório que procurou contemplar a maior quantidade possível de dados, porém, para efetivo conhecimento do trabalho, recomenda-se a consulta direta ao banco de dados, disponível em CD-rom.
The objective of the present thesis is to offer a documental survey about the evangelical musical production in Brazil. In theological and institutional terms, Protestantism tried to make more evident the element that united the different denominations than the elements that made them different, and this caracteristic was made clear in the musical production, once there is free transit of singers and composers in churches and companies and the musical repertoire is basically only one, which comes from the North- American tradition of the so called missionary era in the middle of the XIX century and a later national production, maintaining the same literary and musical standarts. Considering the period between 1930 and 1990, a period before the musical production and digital distribution, in which the LPs predominated, the research was carried out in recorders and radio station in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro cities through an intensive registration of all the available material. A database was created in the Access software - Microsoft, where 965 albums, 9370 songs and 6269 artists were registered, in addition to many other pieces of information. A report was produced to provide the largest possible quantity of dada, nerthless, in order to reach effective knowledge and understanding of the research, a consult of the database, available in CD-rom, is recommended.

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Silva, Edson Alencar. "Quem toca a música do povo de Deus? um estudo sobre a música gravada por evangélicos no Brasil, anos 1970-90". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. http://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/2317.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
This present dissertation proposes to investigate the market of gospel music in Brazil and its relation to the music industry, in order to understand the movement which is today called the Gospel song. The objective of this research focuses, therefore, in the processes which became possible to emerge this phenomenon in Brazil. We start from the hypothesis that the basis of this market are established in the intersection between religious actions, known, as the spread of the "Word" and the proselytism, coupled to the dynamic of the development from Brazilian music industry. The development of the present stdudy is in many ways the realization of this hypothesys
A presente dissertação propõe-se investigar o mercado de música evangélica no Brasil e sua relação com a indústria fonográfica, com vistas a entender o movimento ao qual se apresenta hoje a chamada música Gospel . O objetivo desta pesquisa centra-se, portanto, em entender os processos que possibilitaram emergir tal fenômeno no Brasil. Partimos da hipótese de que as bases deste mercado estejam estabelecidas na intersecção entre as ações religiosas, a saber, a propagação da Palavra e o proselitismo, aliado à dinâmica do desenvolvimento da indústria fonográfica no Brasil. O desenvolvimento do presente estudo apresenta de diversas maneiras a constatação dessa hipótese

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Santos, Maria Goreth. "Todas as coisas me são lícitas, mas nem todas me convêm: representações sobre sexualidade entre solteiros evangélicos". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1375.

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O estudo de uma comunidade de um site de relacionamento virtual (o Orkut) formada por solteiros evangélicos com o propósito de se conhecerem e trocarem opiniões a respeito de sexualidade, casamento e relacionamentos dentro dos preceitos cristãos evangélicos, foi ponto de partida para a análise das representações e valores sobre sexualidade e relação sexual pré-nupcial de jovens adultos vinculados a igrejas evangélicas no Rio de Janeiro. O objetivo dessa pesquisa era refletir sobre os discursos desses jovens, tanto no que diz respeito ao seu comportamento sexual, quanto ao que pensam sobre as proibições de suas lideranças religiosas às praticas da vida sexual em geral e em especial à prática pré-nupcial. Foram observadas discordâncias e autonomia por parte desses jovens em relação à autoridade da instituição religiosa. No entanto, apesar dessa autonomia frente ao cumprimento das doutrinas da moral sexual, e também apesar da atribuição de novos significados ao discurso religioso evangélico dominante, observa-se que jovens solteiros evangélicos permanecem ligados a valores sexuais evangélicos e de suas instituições. Sugere-se que essa ligação se explique pela promessa de segurança afetiva e familiar oferecida pelos princípios ético-morais tradicionais em uma sociedade percebida como sem controle social e moral.
Studying a virtual relationship site community (Orkut) formed by single Evangelical young people with the purpose of offering a space for meeting and exchanging opinions about Christian Evangelical sexuality and marriage was the departure point for an analysis of Rio de Janeiro Evangelical churches young adults representations and values on sexuality and prenuptial sexual relationship. This research aimed to discuss not only these young people discourses on their sexual behaviors, but also their opinion about religious leaderships prohibitions to certain sexual practices specially the pre-nuptial ones. This study revealed that Evangelical young people disagree and are autonomous in relation to their religious institution authorities. Despite their autonomy in relation to hegemonic Evangelical values and their ability to attribute new meanings to Evangelic religious speech, Evangelical single young people continue very connected to Evangelical sexual values and also to Evangelical institutions. This connection may be explained by the these traditional ethical-moral principles promise of an affective and familiar safety in a society perceived as full of risks and out of control, both in social and moral terms.

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Peixoto, Esdras Gusmao de Holanda. "Pentecostalismo e imaginário: rupturas e continuidades na hinologia pentecostal na passagem da modernidade para a pós-modernidade". Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2008. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=388.

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O presente trabalho procura investigar as rupturas e continuidades na teologia, mentalidade e visão de mundo dos pentecostais brasileiros.Para isso, assume como objeto privilegiado de investigação o repertório musical das comunidades pentecostais, contemplando as evoluções internas daquilo que é cantado em seus cultos e reuniões. A música é o vetor principal na modelagem do comportamento dos fiéis. Sendo produto derivado do ambiente cultural, portanto não completamente controlado pelo compositor, a hinologia pentecostal tanto reflete quanto incute símbolos que irão orientar o universo habitado pelos adeptos de uma crença.Toma a Teoria do Imaginário (Gilbert Durand) como mediador hermenêutico da leitura simbólica do cancioneiro pentecostal clássico e pós-pentecostal, empregando sua metodologia às imagens existentes nas canções pentecostais. O estudo se vale de uma epistemologia que prima pela compreensividade denominada Transdisciplinariedade. Outra importante filiação conceitual deste trabalho é á corrente sociológica que caracteriza o tempo presente como pós-modernidade

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Lima, Neto Francisco de Paiva. "Crer, aprender e sentir : o tripé estratégico para transmissão de visão de mundo do casal Kalley, na inserção do protestantismo no Brasil no século XIX /". Araraquara : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103079.

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Orientador: Dulce Consuelo A. Whitaker
Banca: João Augusto Gentilini
Banca: Sandra Alvarenga Reis
Banca: Maria Antonia Vieira Soares
Banca: Angela Viana Machado Fernandes
Resumo: No século XIX, após as frustrações das tentativas de franceses, na Bahia da Guanabara, e holandeses no Nordeste, o protestantismo paulatinamente inicia um processo de inserção no Brasil Monárquico, em uma nação, que pela lei do padroado, não diferenciava religião e Estado. Essa inserção de seu de muitas maneiras, por meio da imigração, de empreendimentos missionários, da implantação de escolas e também por iniciativas individuais. Uma dessas iniciativas foi o trabalho do casal Robert e Sarah Kalley. Robert Kalley, médico e missionário voluntário, financiado por fortuna pessoal, após sua expulsão da Ilha da Madeira e breve passagem pelos Estados Unidos da América, vem para o Brasil e fixa residência em Petrópolis. Funda a primeira Igreja Evangélica em solo brasileiro - A Igreja Evangélica Fluminense. Sarah Kalley, missionária e educadora, acompanhando seu marido, desenvolve um trabalho educacional religioso e secular no Rio de Janeiro, em um momento histórico em que o Estado Monárquico não valorizava a educação. Em seus escritos encontramos marcas de uma ideologia racional e moderna, divulgada em uma nação monárquica e escravocrata. Nesta tese, esses escritos são analisados a partir do conceito de ideologia como visão de mundo elaborado por Gramsci. Essas análises nos levam a pensar que, como intelectuais orgânicos, o casal Kalley se julga portadores de uma missão, a qual, a reboque da difusão do protestantismo, transmite também uma visão de mundo pautada na racionalidade e modernidade
Abstract: In 19th century, after attempts' frustrations of Frenchmen, in Bahia of Guanabara, and Dutchman in the North-eastern, the Protestantism gradually initiates a process of insertion in Monarchical Brazil, in a nation, which by law called the padroado, didn't differentiates religion and State. This insertion happened of lot ways, by immigration, missionaries enterprise, by establishment of schools and also by individual initiatives. One of these initiatives was the work of the couple Robert and Sarah Kalley. Robert Kalley, doctor and voluntary missionary, financed by personal richness, after its expulsion of Wood Island and passage by the United States of America, come for Brazil to live in Petrópolis. In the Rio de Janeiro city establishes the first Brazilian Gospel Church - The Fluminense Evangelic Church. Sarah Kalley, missionary and educator, following her husband, develops a religious and secular educational work in Rio de Janeiro, at a historical moment when the Monarchic State did not value the education.In their writings we found marks of the rational and modern ideology, revealed in a monarchical nation which allowed slave. In this thesis, these writings are analyzed starting from the concept ideology like vision of world worked out by Gramsci. These analyses make us to think that, like organic intellectuals, the Kalley couple judges conveyors a mission, which, the trailer of the diffusion of the Protestantism, transmit also a vision of world regulated in rationality and a modernity
Doutor

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Lanusse-Cazalé, Hélène. "Protestants et protestantisme dans le Sud aquitain (1802 - 1905). Espaces, réseaux et pouvoirs". Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU1008/document.

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À partir de l’exemple du Sud de l’Aquitaine, véritable condensé des sensibilités protestantes de l’Europe du XIXe siècle, une analyse multi-scalaire permet d’appréhender les processus de réintégration et d’affirmation du protestantisme qui, au terme d’un siècle de persécutions et de clandestinité, devient une confession reconnue. De la promulgation des Articles organiques du 18 germinal an X à la Séparation des Églises et de l’État, l’étude du pluralisme protestant permet de définir de nouveaux espaces ainsi que de nouvelles et multiples formes de structuration institutionnelle. L’existence de lignes de partage externes, visibles au travers des modalités de coexistence, et internes, par les points de tension inhérents à cette pluralité, révèle, quant à elle, les différents traits d’une identité protestante qui ne se conçoit que dans la diversité. Au-delà de ses divergences, cette minorité active fait preuve d’une vision collective et spatiale : par la création d’un territoire concurrent de l’Église catholique, par sa reconstruction institutionnelle, par ses réseaux, par ses engagements politiques, par la relecture de son histoire, elle se forge une identité originale et prétend jouer un rôle moteur dans la société de son temps
Using as example the South of Aquitaine, a veritable concentration of protestant school of thought in Europe in the 19th century, a multi-scalar analysis throws light on the processes of reintegration and affirmation of Protestantism which, after a century of persecution and clandestinity, became a recognized religious faith. From the promulgation of the Organic Articles of 18th Germinal Year X to the Separation of the Churches and State, the study of Protestant Pluralism enables new areas to be defined as well as new and multiple forms of institutional structuration. The existence of external divisions visible through methods of coexistence, and internal ones seen in the points of friction inherent to this plurality, reveals the different characteristics of protestant identity that could only be imagined in a context of diversity. This active minority affirmed, beyond its differences, a collective and spatial vision through the creation of a territory in competition with the Catholic Church, through its institutional reconstruction, through its networks, through its political commitments, through the rethinking of its history, it created an original identity and expected to be a driving force in the society of its time

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Yiannikkou, Jason. "Protestantism, Puritanism and practical divinity in England, c.1570-c.1620". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251693.

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Macbeth, Georgia School of Theatre Film &amp Dance UNSW. "A Plurality of Identities: Ulster Protestantism in Contemporary Northern Irish Drama". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Theatre, Film and Dance, 1999. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/33257.

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This thesis examines the ways in which Ulster Protestant identity has been explored in contemporary Northern Irish drama. The insecurity of the political and cultural status of Ulster Protestants from the Home Rule Crises up until Partition led to the construction and maintenance of a distinct and unified Ulster Protestant identity. This identity was defined by concepts such as loyalty, industriousness and ???Britishness???. It was also defined by a perceived opposite ??? the Catholicism, disloyalty and ???Irishness??? of the Republic. When the Orange State began to fragment in the late 1960s and early 1970s, so did notions of this singular Ulster Protestant identity. With the onset of the Troubles in 1969 came a parallel questioning and subversion of this identity in Northern Irish drama. This was a process which started with Sam Thompson???s Over the Bridge in 1960, but which began in earnest with Stewart Parker???s Spokesong in 1975. This thesis examines Parker???s approach and subsequent approaches by other dramatists to the question of Ulster Protestant identity. It begins with the antithetical pronouncements of Field Day Theatre Company, which were based in an inherently Northern Nationalist ideology. Here, the Ulster Protestant community was largely ignored or essentialised. Against this Northern Nationalist ideology represented by Field Day have come broadly revisionist approaches, reflecting the broader cultural context of this thesis. Ulster Protestant identity has been explored through issues of history and myth, ethnicity, class, gender and sexuality. More recent explorations of Ulster Protestantism have also added to this diversity by presenting the little acknowledged viewpoint of extreme loyalism. Dramatists examined in this thesis include Stewart Parker, Christina Reid, Frank McGuinness, Bill Morrison, Ron Hutchinson, Marie Jones, Graham Reid, Robin Glendinning and Gary Mitchell. The work of Charabanc Theatre Company is also discussed. What results from their efforts is a diverse and complex Ulster Protestant community. This thesis argues that the concept of a singular Ulster Protestant identity, defined by its loyalty and Britishness, is fragmented, leading to a plurality of Ulster Protestant identities.

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Davies, Catharine Margaret Freer. "Towards a godly commonwealth : the public ideology of Protestantism, c1546-1553". Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302709.

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