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1
Lantuh, V., i I. Lantuh. "Psychological portrait of subjects of entrepreneur activity". Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools 32, nr 2 (30.04.2019): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33531/farplss.2019.2.01.
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The article deals with the psychological characteristics of subjects of entrepreneur activity. It also identifies and describes their personal qualities, shows how the positive factors of the personality of entrepreneurs influence success in their professional activities. Particular attention is paid to such important qualities of entrepreneurs as leadership, style of behavior, quality of mind, organizational and administrative skills and attitudes towards oneself, to the team and professional activities. The psychological portrait of an entrepreneur highlights professional qualities that distinguish him from other professionals. This is a creative economic activity, taking risks, striving for self-realization, sociability, and stress resistance. At the same time, there are a number of differences that make it possible to distinguish the characteristics of a domestic Ukrainian entrepreneur: insufficient assessment of the entrepreneur's significance in modern society, weak legal protection and poor assessment of the society. All this reduces interest in entrepreneurship in society, especially in small and medium businesses. The development of a psychological portrait of a domestic entrepreneur contributes to the evaluation of the activities of a Ukrainian entrepreneur and promotes his personal development.
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Magdziarczyk, Małgorzata, i Katarzyna Widera. "Analysis of the Characteristics Conditioning the Implementation of the GDPR by Micro, Small and Medium-Sized Entrepreneurs". Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia 58, nr 2 (5.07.2024): 79–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/h.2024.58.2.79-100.
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Theoretical background: As of 25 May 2018, every entrepreneur doing business in the EU is obliged to adapt the operation of the business to the requirements under Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) (hereinafter: GDPR). The objective of the EU is to provide uniform protection for the personal data of individuals (hereinafter: personal data) residing in the EU. Entrepreneurs with larger than medium-sized operations have successfully adapted their operations to comply with the legal requirements. However, it has been observed that micro, small, and medium-sized entrepreneurs have faced challenges in implementing the changes brought about by the GDPR regulation. Purpose of the article: The paper aims to answer the question of what is the relationship between the adaptation of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises from the Opolskie Voivodeship to the GDPR and characteristics of the entrepreneur such as the size of the enterprise, the location of the entrepreneur, the predominant activity and the gender of its managers. Research methods: This research paper provides an analysis of the outcomes of an empirical study. The study was conducted using a questionnaire technique on a sample of 425 micro, small, and medium-sized entrepreneurs from the Opolskie Voivodeship. It aimed to investigate the influence of particular individual characteristics of an entrepreneur on the ability of their enterprise to adapt to the legal environment on the example of the GDPR. The study selected four characteristics for analysis: enterprise size, entrepreneur’s location, prevailing economic activity, and gender of enterprise managers. Hypothesis verification was performed using Pearson’s non-parametric χ^2 independence test and the V-Cramér correlation coefficient. A significance level of 0.05 was adopted. Main findings: Based on the analysis, it has been confirmed that the adaptation of micro, small and medium-sized businesses from Opolskie Voivodeship to comply with the GDPR is subject to the unique characteristics of the entrepreneur. However, the verification of the hypothesis that the characteristics determining enterprise adaptation to GDPR by micro, small, and medium-sized entrepreneurs in Opolskie Voivodeship are their size, predominant business activity, location, length of business activity and gender of enterprise managers, showed that it is only partially correct.
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Kokocińska, Katarzyna, i Agnieszka Żywicka. "On the Perception of Law as a “Space of Opportunity” for Entrepreneurs". Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 32, nr 5 (31.12.2023): 427–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2023.32.5.427-442.
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The legal system provides both a framework for the development of economic activity, stating the principles according to which it is carried out, and a certain degree of protection for entrepreneurs. This article suggests an approach at normative regulations pertaining to entrepreneurship whereby they are perceived as a system composed of opportunities for entrepreneurs. The purpose of this study is to present the regulations of the Entrepreneur Law Act as a law comprising “opportunities” that stem from principles informed by a value system and the deriving, legally defined modes of action of the public authorities (economic administration) that shape relations with entrepreneurs. These principles and the resulting relations have been referred to the specific institution within the Entrepreneur Law Act, i.e. scrutiny of economic activity, which establishes legal scope (whose importance cannot be understated given the perspective of the protective function of public economic law) for not so much intervention as protection (respecting) of entrepreneurs’ rights. It was pointed out that measures aimed at protecting entrepreneurs constitute an important element of balancing the position of the inspecting and the inspected in the course of scrutiny, without compromising the efficacy of enforcing law by a public authority.
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Adjie, Habib, Tanudjaja, Woro Winandi i Moh Saleh. "Legal Protection on Indigenous Herbs of Madura through Geographical Indications". SHS Web of Conferences 54 (2018): 06013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185406013.
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Indigenous Herbs of Madura is the productt of intellectual creativity of local community in Madura which spread over four regions, namely Bangkalan, Sampang, Pamekasan, and Sumenep. Indigenous Herbs of Madura is part of traditional medicine which produced heredity by Madurese society. To prevent misappropriation from developed countries, the Indigenous Herbs of Madura must be legally protected. The model of legal protection of the Indigenous Herbs of Madura can be done using Geographical Indication Certificate of the Government of East Java Province or by an institution or association of the entrepreneurs of Indegenous Herbs of Madura with its membership covering four regions in Madura. The Geographical Indication Certificate becomes the basis for granting permission to utilize the original ingredients of Madurese by either local entrepreneur or other local business in Madura, or by foreign entrepreneur. In the event that such utilization permits are granted against a local business entrepreneur in Madura or to a foreign entrepreneur, a prior informed consent of Madurese (prior informed consent) and benefit sharing is required for the local community in Madura.
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Hać, Hanna. "Competencies of voivodeship inspectors of environmental protection in terms of the inspection of entrepreneurial economic activity". Roczniki Administracji i Prawa Specjalny, nr XXIV (31.12.2024): 153–64. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.9694.
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A momentous role of the inspect function of the Environmental Protection Inspectorate is related to tasks assigned to this inspectorate, performed through the regulation competencies of voivodeship inspectors of environmental protection. Due to the amendment in the field of regulations concerning inspections made by the bodies of this inspectorate, in 2018 the overseeing of an entrepreneur’s economic activity was implemented, in particular unplanned inspection, shall be performed in a specific way. The freedom of economic activity should be considered in terms of the catalogue of the inspector’s competencies and obligations during inspection towards entrepreneur as well as the rights of the entrepreneur during and after this inspection.
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Śladkowska, Ewa. "THE RIGHTS OF THE ENTREPRENEUR UNDER AUDIT TO USE PROTECTION MEASURES BEFORE AN ADMINISTRATIVE COURT". Roczniki Administracji i Prawa 1, nr XX (30.03.2020): 227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1438.
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The article presents the institution of appeal which is a special means of legal protection vested in the entrepreneur during the control of economic activity conducted against him. This measure was introduced into the Polish legal order on 7 March 2009. It enables the entrepreneur to appeal to a higher authority specifically indicated in the legal provisions of individual actions taken and performed by the inspection authority during the inspection. This extremely important legal regulation guaranteeing the protection of entrepreneurs’ rights is extremely complicated and gives rise to serious legal discussions in the literature and jurisprudence of administrative courts, it has also been analyzed by the Constitutional Tribunal. The article presents the main elements of the institution, focusing on legal remedies that an entrepreneur can use before an administrative court. These include a complaint about the decision upholding the decision of the first instance authority on continuing the inspection activities and a complaint about the protracted conduct of the inspection.
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Mishra, Oly. "Principles of frugal innovation and its application by social entrepreneurs in times of adversity: an inductive single-case approach". Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies 13, nr 4 (13.07.2021): 547–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeee-07-2020-0247.
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Purpose This study aims to focus on implementing frugal innovation and its principles by social entrepreneurs to face the challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research paper discusses the case of an Indian social entrepreneur who works for menstrual health and hygiene of unprivileged and rural women in India. The social entrepreneur’s constant endeavor is to create an ecosystem to ensure rural women’s economic and social upliftment through financial inclusion and livelihood training. When faced with the COVID-19 pandemic, the social entrepreneur re-purposed the manufacturing process to produce masks that were the need of the hour. Design/methodology/approach The research paper is qualitative and follows an inductive case study approach. The underlying principles of frugal innovation are established through content analysis of the social entrepreneur’s interviews and her team members. Findings The study discusses how adversity can be an opportunity for social entrepreneurs by implementing frugal innovation principles, i.e. re-use, re-purpose, re-combine and rapidity, in times of crisis. Research limitations/implications One of the major limitations of this study is that it is based on a single case study, as, in the current scenario, this case appeared to be the most suitable one. There is no way to generalize the assumptions of this model. Researchers will have to study the phenomena of frugal innovation in adversity across multiple cases in the future. Also, the study is based on a single emerging economy, i.e. India. Further research may be carried out with such cases from other countries. Practical implications The proposition of this research paper will help new and established social entrepreneurs understand that the four principles of frugal innovation and their practical application by a social entrepreneur. This will act as a guiding light for the present and future entrepreneurs regarding how one can respond to a crisis. This will also help advance our understanding of the distinct ways in which social entrepreneurs’ activities can help society in times of crisis. The findings of this research paper provide timely implications for social entrepreneurs. To respond efficiently to various crises, it is important to consider its effect on social entrepreneurship. Social implications The research paper shows that the social enterprise has implemented frugal innovation principles to manufacture the COVID-19 protection items supplied through existing supply chain networks. Also, a social entrepreneur is not intimidated by the sudden changes in the business environment; instead, they look at the situation as an opportunity to do something new. They are always willing to take the risk to innovate a solution that will address people’s problems. frugal innovation, due to its highly collaborative nature and its ability to make the most from limited resources, is the only way social entrepreneurs can create an inclusive, secure and sustainable future. Originality/value There are several challenges in social entrepreneurship, especially in emerging economies like India. During the pandemic, availability of resources was the major challenge, due to which social entrepreneurs had to find solutions through frugal innovation. This paper provides the practical application of the four principles of frugal innovation implemented by a social enterprise to manufacture and supply Covid protection items. It also presents the practical and managerial implications of the principles of frugal innovation by social entrepreneurs in low resource settings.
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Wójcik, Paweł. "Zaginięcie przedsiębiorcy a działalność przedsiębiorstwa — zarys problemu". Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego 56 (4.05.2020): 135–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.56.9.
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This article provides an outline of the analysis of problems caused by the disappear-ance of an entrepreneur in the context of his business.
The purpose of the publication is to draw attention to the previously overlooked aspect of the disappearance of a natural person conducting business activities.
The disappearance of an entrepreneur raises a number of separate problems not only in the personal sphere, but above all in the property sphere of the entrepreneur, his employees, contractors, or clients.
The author of this article has analyzed the legal consequences of an entrepreneur’s disappearance in the context of his business. Then he identified the legal institutions im-plemented by the legislator, which can be used to avoid, or at least mitigate the negative effects of the said disappearance, and made their practical analysis in relation to the case of disappearance of an entrepreneur actively conducting business activities. This analysis was the basis for proposing a comprehensive solution through the joint use of several legal institutions operating in the legal regime to obtain the most effective protection of business participants in the event of the disappearance of an entrepreneur. Finally, he as-sessed the functioning legal institutions and proposed in which direction the legislator’s further actions should be taken to regulate the increasingly important problem of the disappearance of a participant of business trading.
The aforementioned analysis led the author to the conclusion that the disappearance does not cause the entrepreneur’s non-existence to be recognized, and thus has virtually no legal effect on the property of the enterprise.
In view of the above, despite the fact that the missing entrepreneur does not actually run the enterprise, during his unavoidable absence, his liabilities become chargeable, in particular property liabilities, in the public and private sphere, which may lead to the squandering of his assets, and at the same time to the violation of the interests of third parties related to the process of doing business.
While the application of several legal institutions may limit the harmful effects of an entrepreneur’s disappearance on his property sphere and third parties, including those involved in business transactions, the legal solutions possible to apply in the event of an entrepreneur having gone missing should be evaluated negatively. In particular, none of them alone fully solves the problem of securing an enterprise in the event of disappearance, and most solutions are simply unreal in the event of an entrepreneur having gone missing.
In practical terms, highlighting the problem of an entrepreneur’s disappearance from the point of view of its legal effects and the possibility of removing its negative consequences will increase its rank in the assessment of search institutions and may con-tribute to the development of new solutions.
It should be postulated that regardless of the analyzed solutions, the legislator plans and introduces mechanisms independent of the will of a missing entrepreneur, which would be applicable in the event of the disappearance of an entrepreneur by law, and allow immediate protection of his assets during his search. The above would make it pos-sible to respond to the growing needs of society in this respect.
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Arkuszewska, Aneta. "Postępowanie w sprawach gospodarczych. Nowe rozwiązania prawne". Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego. Seria Prawnicza. Prawo 29 (2020): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/znurprawo.2020.29.1.
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The purpose of the publication is to familiarize new and at the same time key legal regulations, the main assumption of which is optimization and ensuring faster and more effective recognition of economic matters, as well as guaranteeing legal protection for non-entrepreneurs and the so-called small entrepreneurs. The article presents legal solutions that are intended to serve the above purposes, i.e. a conflict of laws rule that resolves conflicts that may occur at the interface between commercial proceedings and other separate proceedings, new formal requirements for the application and the first defendant’s pleading, temporal limits for the transfer of an economic and non-economic case to a competent court and the possibility of bypassing the provisions on economic proceedings in a situation where the party to the dispute is not the entrepreneur or the entrepreneur is a natural person.
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Made Krishnanda Arya Wiguna i I Gede Pasek Eka Wisanjaya. "Perlindungan Hukum bagi Konsumen terhadap Penjualan Makanan Kadaluwarsa yang Dijual di Internet". JURNAL HUKUM, POLITIK DAN ILMU SOSIAL 3, nr 1 (25.01.2024): 360–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/jhpis.v3i1.3440.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the legal protection of consumers against the sale of expired foods sold on the Internet as well as to find out what legal action can be taken by consumers for losses incurred by the entrepreneur. The study uses a method of normative law research, with an approach to both primary and secondary law sources. The results of the study show that the legal protection for consumers in sales activities is regulated in the Consumer Protection Act. The legal protection of consumers can be carried out through preventive protection and repressive protection. The legal protection of consumers does not always run as written in the rules, often there is a violation of consumer rights, which ends with the emergence of disputes between the entrepreneurs and consumers. The consumer may take legal action if he or she feels that any of his or her rights have been violated through the court or outside the court.
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Charkiewicz, Mariusz. "Ways to secure the financial interest of the state treasuryand the protection of the entrepreneur ’s interest". Doradztwo Podatkowe - Biuletyn Instytutu Studiów Podatkowych 7, nr 335 (31.07.2024): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.6900.
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The aim of this study is to present the types of procedures for blocking bank accounts carried out by tax authorities,the effects of their use and the impact on the entrepreneur. The article discusses how to secure the financialinterest of the state treasury in the context of protecting the rights of entrepreneurs. The issue remainsstill relevant due to the ever-increasing number of blocking bank accounts and their negative impact on the economicactivity of the entities subject to the blocking
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Hernanda, Trias. "LEGAL ANALYSIS ON AMDAL AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DOCUMENT". Legal Standing : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 4, nr 2 (10.09.2020): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.24269/ls.v4i2.2980.
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Amdal is an analysis of environmental impacts. The purpose of Amdal is to analyze aneffect that arises from a planned construction project or building. The Amdal documentis mandatory for any initiator or entrepreneur who will apply for an environmentalpermit. This obligation is because it aims to protect the environment from damagecaused by development. However, many entrepreneurs do not understand the existenceof an Amdal, so they mostly build first and then take care of it. Amdal. The researchmethod used in this research is juridical normative or doctrinal. The traditionalmaterials used are primary and secondary legal materials; primary standard materialsinclude statutory regulations and legal documents. Based on the regular analysis fromthe author, the Amdal document has a critical position to maintain the quality of theenvironment and the sustainability of public health. On the other hand, Amdal alsoguarantees sustainable development and environmentally sound development (ecodevelopment).
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Burt, Ronald S., i Sonja Opper. "Political Connection and Disconnection: Still a Success Factor for Chinese Entrepreneurs". Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 44, nr 6 (7.01.2020): 1199–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1042258719893110.
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Political connection in China is often tested for correlation with business success and government support under a suspicion that connected entrepreneurs enjoy special favors and protection. Research evidence is mixed. In revisiting the debate on political capital in China, we apply a socially embedded perspective on political connection. To this end we introduce two methodological innovations: (a) We develop a broader measure of political connectedness that covers the continuum from political connection to disconnection. (b) We integrate data on political connection with social network data. Specifically, we explore how the social structure around the individual entrepreneur affects performance above and beyond the often tested association between political ties and performance. We draw two conclusions: (1) The success association with political connection is discontinuous. Advantage is less for entrepreneurs weakly connected politically, but significant additional disadvantage arises for the politically disconnected. (2) The additional is that entrepreneurs disconnected from government show no benefit from having an advantaged business network. The politically connected with an advantaged business network show more prosperous business, higher returns on assets, and more likely survival over time. The politically disconnected show none of these benefits. We caution the entrepreneur who plans to ignore the government.
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Vynoslavska, Olena, i Maria Kononets. "Entrepreneur’s psychological safety under pandemic restrictions". Організаційна психологія Економічна психологія 1, nr 25 (16.05.2022): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/2.2022.1.25.4.
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Introduction. Entrepreneurial activity is one of the main sources of revenues to the state budget. Accordingly, ensuring entrepreneurs’ safety, in particular, psychological safety, is very important. Unfortunately, in the context of pandemic restrictions, many entrepreneurs were forced to close their businesses or significantly reduce their activities, which negatively affected their psychological safety. Therefore, the definition of the main threats to the psychological security of an entrepreneur and possible ways of protection against them is an urgent task of economic psychology. Aim. То determine the main threats to the entrepreneur's psychological security under pandemic restrictions and possible ways to protect against them. Results. The relevance of the study is confirmed by the list of modern publications on the problem of the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological safety of the individual, in particular, business entities. The article analyzes the content of the concept of "entrepreneur's psychological security", identifies threats to the psychological security of business entities, determines the main directions in which the psychological security of entrepreneurs should be ensured under pandemic restrictions. The authors consider the concept of «entrepreneur's psychological security» as a state of psychological security of an economic entity from internal and external threats that have negative consequences at all stages of the enterprise's functioning, and as well as a state that allows generating and implementing new ideas and increasing productivity. Conclusions. The information presented in the article may be useful in studying the effects of pandemic restrictions on entrepreneur's’ psychological well-being.
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JARECKI, Stefan Akira. "Between exercising of public powers and economic activity. The latest findings on the notion of entrepreneur made in the process of judicial review of the decision of the President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection". Central and Eastern European Journal of Management and Economics 5, nr 2 (7.01.2018): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.29015/ceejme.621.
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Aim: There is no doubt that public authorities may be directly or indirectly involved in economic activity. A traditional way of distinguish state activity which is not subject to the rules of the market is to decide when the state acts as public authority. In case of state activity two category of situations should be distinguished: these where the state is engaged in an economic activity (sphere of dominium) and these when the state acts by exercising of public powers (sphere of imperium). In the opinion of the author of the article, the distinction between imperium and dominium is still relevant. According to the Competition and Consumer Protection Act of February 16, 2007, an entrepreneur is inter alia natural and legal person, as well as an organisational unit without a legal status to which legislation grants legal capacity, organising or providing public utility services which do not constitute economic activity in the meaning of the provisions on freedom of economic activity. The President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection found that public authorities exercising their administrative powers (sphere of imperium) may be classified as entrepreneurs. In the recent decisions which were subject of judicial review the President of UOKiK decided that the National Health Fund – a state authority responsible for organization and management of health care services in Poland – is an entrepreneur in the meaning of the Polish law (act on competition and consumer protection). The aim of this article is to answer the question whether competition rules should be applied to the state activity in the imperium sphere. This article will focus on the notion of an entrepreneur (undertaking) in polish and EU law in the context of the activity of the state. Design / Research methods: The objective of the article is achieved through doctrinal analysis of the relevant rules of the Polish and EU law and analysis of the recent decisions issued by the President of UOKiK, as well as judgments of the EU Courts, concerning the possibility of qualification of the widely understood state as an undertaking (entrepreneur).Conclusions / findings: From the analysis of the same concept applied in polish and EU law clearly follows that public entities acting ‘by exercising public power’ or ‘in their capacity as public authorities’ (imperium sphere) should not be classified as entrepreneurs (undertakings) in the meaning of competition law. The main scientific value added of the article are the conclusions that the provisions on the protection of competition should be applicable only to the activity of the state in the dominium sphere and that the definition of an entrepreneur and business (economic) activity should be connected to the existence of a market. Originality / value of the article: Paper should be interesting for public authorities, as well as for lawyers, dealing with problems concerning of qualification of public entities in the context of the competition law. The results of the research may be applied for example in the decisions that would be taken by the President of UOKiK. The consequences of application of the findings of the research to practice may be a change of approach to qualification of public entities in the context of the provision of competition law.
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Wujarso, Riyanto. "Mekanisme pembagian laba rugi pembiayaan sebagai sebuah tantangan bagi perbankan syariah di indonesia". Journal of Information System, Applied, Management, Accounting and Research 5, nr 3 (10.08.2021): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.52362/jisamar.v5i3.398.
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Profit and loss sharing (PLR) in Islamic banking in Indonesia faces difficulties. Contracts for financing (PLR) include mudharabah and musyarakah. Before addressing the difficulties, this analysis evaluates the mudharabah and musyarakah contracts' execution. While a musyarakah contract requires investors and entrepreneurs to provide money and labor, a mudharabah contract allows the investor to supply capital and the entrepreneur to manage the firm. In terms of return on investment, all partners share profits and losses according to the pre-agreed musyarakah ratio; however, only the financier bears the loss for the mudharabah, as the entrepreneur has lost business as a result of the scheme. This research will be discussed qualitatively and using a literature review approach. The findings indicate that there are four major impediments to PUR financing: high investment risk, difficulties in selecting the best partner, demands from consumers with a poor credit rating, and a lack of financial protection.
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Mondal, Swadhin, Abdullah Al-Shukaili, Norizan Mohd Kassim i Mohd Zain. "Role of SMEs in Oman: Perspectives of future Employment and Protection Policy Response". SHS Web of Conferences 124 (2021): 11002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202112411002.
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SMEs is consider as an important component of economic development, create job opportunities, and bring innovation and social welfare. Empirical evidence shows that SMEs plays a major role in creating employment in developed countries. In developing countries there are mixed results-- there is no direct relation between entrepreneurship and employment growth. However, there are very few studies investigates the links between the growth of SMEs and the growth of employment creation in oil dependent economy. Present study investigates the growth of future employment creation across the size of SMEs by using recent survey data conducted by Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) in Oman. Regression analysis was used to examine the association with future job creation and other factors influencing job creation. Study found that early stage entrepreneurs expecting to provide more than two times of current level of employment by next 5 years. However, established business (EB) entrepreneur’s expected employment growth is negative. This means that after 5 years’ job opportunity will be reduced in established SMEs. Our regression result shows that the male entrepreneur who have higher level of qualification and earning higher income from the business are more likely to create more jobs in next 5 years and so. The study also found that the self-perceived innovation and creativity have positive and significant relation with job creation in future. However, the skills, experience and optimism towards business environment have negative relation with future job creation.
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Bobek, Vito, Andrea Schachl i Tatjana Horvat. "The Impact of Women’s Economic Empowerment on the Rise of Female Entrepreneurship in Namibia". Naše gospodarstvo/Our economy 68, nr 4 (1.12.2022): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ngoe-2022-0023.
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Abstract In this paper the authors investigate the importance of women’s economic empowerment and its impact on the rise of female entrepreneurship and human capital in Namibia. The research includes a case study analysis with four in-depth expert interviews. Data triangulation ensure the study’s validity, and the case was examined through pattern matching. The results demonstrate that female entrepreneurs face challenges such as access to resources and education, socio-cultural norms, a lack of social protection, and a large and unprotected informal sector. The government and institutions shall promote women’s empowerment through a direct labour market intervention, support for the informal sector, a gender-sensitive constitutional, legal, and institutional framework, the enforcement and oversight of gender-responsive laws and policies, and access to resources and education. Furthermore, women require digital inclusion, entrepreneur networks, social protection, and reformed socio-cultural norms. If female entrepreneurs are empowered adequately, they will contribute to nations’ human capital, economic growth, and development.
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Bobek, Vito, Andrea Schachl i Tatjana Horvat. "Impact of women’s economic empowerment on the rise of female entrepreneurship and human capital in Botswana". Mednarodno inovativno poslovanje = Journal of Innovative Business and Management 14, nr 1 (5.01.2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32015/jibm.2022.14.1.9.
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The authors investigated the importance of women’s economic empowerment and its impact on the rise of female entrepreneurship and human capital in Botswana. The research included a case study analysis with four in-depth expert interviews. Data triangulation ensured the study's validity, and the case was examined through pattern matching. The results demonstrate that female entrepreneurs face challenges such as access to resources and education, socio-cultural norms, a lack of social protection, and a large and unprotected informal sector. The government and institutions shall promote women's enablement through a direct labor market intervention, support for the informal sector, a gender-sensitive constitutional, legal, and institutional framework, the enforcement and oversight of gender-responsive laws and policies, and access to resources and education. Furthermore, women require digital inclusion, entrepreneur networks, social protection, and reformed socio-cultural norms. If female entrepreneurs are empowered adequately, they will contribute to nations' human capital, economic growth, and development.
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Setijaningrum, Erna, i Ramaditya Rahardian. "The Power of Policy Entrepreneur in Disability- inclusive Policy-Making". Policy & Governance Review 6, nr 2 (16.06.2022): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.30589/pgr.v6i2.504.
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This research aims to describe the power of policy entrepreneurs in disability-inclusive policy-making. Disability-inclusive policy in the Jember Regency of East Java, Indonesia, is a result of a thirteen-year- long struggle of the disability groups. Their struggle started as a series of demonstrations, petitions, and hearings with the Regional House of Representatives and the Regent. It then continued with a series of debates and negotiations with the policy-makers. This descriptive- qualitative research utilized Kingdon’s multiple stream framework analysis to capture the stipulation of Regional Regulation Number 7 of 2016 on the Protection and Fulfillment of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The informants were six disabled persons and two former members of the Regional House of Representatives. The study finds that the problem stream was raised through demonstrations, petitions, and hearings; the policy stream was done through efforts to include the draft of the disability act in the regional legislative program. Policy windows took place during the momentum initiated by the stipulation of a nationwide disability-inclusive policy by the state government, and, finally, policy entrepreneurs act through lobbies and negotiations. This study concludes that the disability policy-making process in Jember Regency was influenced by the strong power of policy entrepreneurs. Disability groups and the Regional House of Representatives as a policy entrepreneur force acted quickly to take advantage of the open policy window momentum, and, finally, the policy maker ratifies local regulations regarding the protection and fulfillment of the rights of persons with disabilities.
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Atanasova, Anna, i Alla Mozgovaya. "Personal Characteristics and Social Well-Being of Entrepreneurs as a Resource for Adaptation to Changes". Sociologicheskaja nauka i social'naja praktika 9, nr 3 (30.09.2021): 134–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2021.9.3.8438.
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The methodological basis of the study is a sociological approach that considers entrepreneurship as a socially significant activity, and the entrepreneur as a subject of this activity. The authors relate the analysis of the data of the all-Russian selective monitoring study with the understanding of the connection between the focus and nature of adaptation and the personality characteristics of adapters. The object of direct study is the respondents of the target population, the main criterion for the formation of which was the self-identification of the respondent, self-determination, and correlation with the status of an entrepreneur. The aim of the study was to analyze and evaluate a number of personality traits specific to an entrepreneur in terms of their resource capacity for productive adaptation to the accelerating pace of changes in the conditions of everyday and social life. The monitoring research toolkit contained questions that made it possible to get an idea of the presence of certain attitudes and personal qualities in the surveyed contingent of respondents that distinguished entrepreneurs as active adapters. The indicators were grouped into several blocks: sociodemographic characteristics of respondents, industry profile and characteristics of enterprises; personal characteristics of entrepreneurs; social self-identification and social well-being of entrepreneurs. The analysis showed that a powerful resource for adapting to constant changes in the environment for entrepreneurs are their personal qualities: the subjective value of freedom of actions and decisions, focus on self-realization, personal growth and development, responsibility and attitude towards independent decision-making in problematic situations. High self-esteem of professionalism is also a significant resource for adaptation to uncertainty, transformations, changes and risks that form in the course of the development of these processes. The social well-being of entrepreneurs is unsatisfactory in terms of a number of important indicators, which significantly reduces their adaptive potential. In particular, material wealth, status (respect) in the society, legal protection and security, confidence in the stability of employment and welfare are rated by entrepreneurs as low.
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Kulesza, Ewa. "Ochrona danych osobowych klientów jako element działania etycznego przedsiębiorcy". Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym 13, nr 1 (15.05.2010): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.13.1.09.
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The Personal Data Protection Act was enacted in 1997; it imposed some obligations on all the administrators of personal data regardless if acting as private or public establishments. The Act was intended to guarantee the safety of personal data and to ensure the right to controlling the data processing. However, since the enacting of the Act, there have been reported instances of its infringement, especially by private entrepreneurs. The numerous appealed complaints show that the entrepreneurs neglect their duty of ensuring the safety of personal data (e.g. documents or media with such personal data), which results in unauthorised revealing the data to third parties. An especially serious case of the infringements of the Act and the rights of the persons concerned is selling the data without a person’s consent. In many cases the administrator only seemingly informs about the purposes of processing the data and then, in this or any other insidious way (among them an inacceptable presumption of consent), beguiles the necessary acceptance. The occurrences of neglecting duties imposed by the Act are to be considered not only as infringement of law, but also as unethical actions resulting in undermining customers’ confidence in entrepreneurs. For example: The unprotected data can be viewed and used by unauthorised parties to the detriment of the persons concerned (e. g. identity theft). The selling of the data is also a source of an unjustifiable profit for an entrepreneur and makes controlling of the processing of personal data impossible. Even if there are no negative consequences for the customer, the cases of infringement the Personal Data Protection Act bring about to undermine confidence not only in the entrepreneur (the source of personal data) but also in private establishments in general.
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Kurniasih, Esy, Teguh Rama Prasja i Anggraini Dwi Milandry. "Perlindungan Konsumen Dalam Hal Pelaksanaan Tanggung Jawab Pengusaha Travel Tanpa Izin Operasional". Jurnal Analisis Hukum 5, nr 2 (25.09.2022): 231–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.38043/jah.v5i2.3741.
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The development of the business of public transportation services (trevel) is increasing. In the Rokan Hilir district, there are many illegal entrepreneurs travelling, this has a negative impact on consumer who use these public transportation services. The practical purpose of the article is to find out how the implementation of consumer protection of the responsibility of illegal entrepreneur travelling and what the inhibiting factors in implementation in the Tanah Putih district, at Rokan Hilir. This research is included in the type of observation research. The object of this research is to examine consumer protection against the implementation of the responsibilities of travel entrepreneurs without an operational permit in the Tanah Putih district, at Rokan Hilir, which is analyzed based on Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. Therefore, the type of research the author uses is observation research, so in this study, the author uses primary data and chooses the census method so that the researcher uses the entire population as respondents.The result of this study, First, indicate that the responsibility of illegal travel entrepreneurs has not been carried out optimally. Second, inhibiting factors the implementation, because the government needs to be more serious and consistent in implementing regulations that have been made. In addition, there is a lack of awareness and understanding of consumer regarding the application of existing rule.
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Damayanti, Ferina Yola. "Legal Protection For Workers Who Have A Minimum Wage Suspension By Employers". LIGAHUKUM 1, nr 2 (31.01.2021): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/ligahukum.v1i2.6.
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The aims of this current research are to find the congruence of the minimum suspension wage conducted by entrepreneurs with the Decree of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration Number: KEP.231/MEN/2003 and to understand law protection for the worker who has many experience suspension of the minimum wage by the entrepreneur. In this study using the normative juridical method which does not recognize research down the field, because the research conducted is sourced from legal materials such as legislation, government regulations, ministerial decrees, books, journals and legal dictionaries.The conclusion that can be drawn from the results of this study is that the minimum wage deferment rules by employers which are carried out many times are permissible, because in the rules there are no clauses regarding the suspension restrictions,but in reality the employer does not carry out this based on applicable regulations. Unspecified restrictions on the suspension of minimum wages result in losses to workers' normative rights.
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LETOVA, NATALIA. "PROBLEMS OF ENSURING THE PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF SPOUSES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THEIR FAMILY BUSINESS (FAMILY BUSINESS)". Gaps in Russian Legislation 16, nr 1 (31.01.2023): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2072-3164-2023-16-1-084-090.
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Purpose of the study. In the article, the author considers the categories of "family business" and "family entrepreneurship", reveals their essence, social purpose, systematizes their similarities and differences. The author comes to the conclusion that the absence in the law of a fixed legal status for such forms of doing business does not allow to accurately differentiate the transactions of spouses-entrepreneurs carried out in the field of family and civil relations, which does not allow their participants to be provided with systemic protection. The author presents criteria that make it possible to distinguish between the forms of participation of spouses - entrepreneurs in corporate relations, determines the significance of the status of a spouse - an entrepreneur for the implementation of transactions aimed at alienating property that is their joint property, systematizes the problems of law enforcement of the norms of family and civil legislation of the Russian Federation, which make it difficult for spouses to make transactions in the sphere of business relations, ways and means of their solution are proposed in order to ensure the protection of spouses, their property interests.
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Hutapea, Sintong Arion, Winanda Kusuma i A. Cery Kurnia. "EKSISTENSI KLAUSULA PELARUNGAN BAGI SEAFARER DI INDONESIA". UNES Law Review 4, nr 2 (15.12.2021): 132–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v4i2.217.
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In the world of shipping, seafarers are bound by a Seawork Agreement (PKL) which contains requirements that must be obeyed by the parties. This includes a clause that is included in the seafarer's employment contract. Implications arising from the burial of the seafarer's corpse. The existence of a banning clause in the seafarer's employment contract. The role of the state in providing legal protection for seafarers from confinement. The ban must meet 4 formal requirements. The unbalanced bargaining position makes entrepreneurs and seafarers as parties ban clauses can appear in street vendors. Finally, the seafarer inevitably has to obey the PKL that has been agreed with the entrepreneur. States intervenes in ensuring the protection of human rights for seafarers from the prohibition clause, it needs to be done by making changes to the legal system which includes the legal structure, legal substance and legal culture
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Siahaan, Zefany Odelia Cristy, Merry Tjoanda i Dezonda Rosiana Pattipawae. "Perlindungan Hukum Pekerja Terhadap Perjanjian Kerja". TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 3, nr 12 (29.02.2024): 1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/tatohi.v3i12.2110.
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Introduction: Labor law guarantees that every worker has the right to a decent livelihood for humanity, one of which is realized in the form of wages and employers are prohibited from paying wages under the minimum wage provisions. This emphasizes the provision of legal protections for workers to ensure the fulfillment of workers' basic rights. However, in practice there are stillemployers who provide workers with wages below the minimum wage. Sothat workers have difficulty meeting their needs and workers' right to a decent livelihood for humanity is not achieved. Purposes of the Research: to find out and analyze the implementation of the employment agreement and the legal protection of workers against the employment agreement. Methods of the Research: This research uses the normative legal research method which is carried out by examining legal materials to answer the legal issues faced.Results of the Research: The results showed that the implementation of the employment agreement had met the requirements of the employment agreement, but the entrepreneur CV Gemilang Sukses defaulted on the wage element. Because, in the employment agreement, CV Gemilang Sukses employers promised to pay workers' wages according to the Ambon City Minimum Wage. However, in its implementation, it turns out that the entrepreneur CV Gemilang Sukses pays workers' wages below the Ambon City Minimum Wage. Then, the legal protection that workers can get from employment agreements is in the form of legal protection of workers for wages, work time, rest time and time off from working overtime, disabled workers, female workers, pregnant, childbirth, child labor, occupational safety and health, termination of employment, labor social security and morals, decency and treatment according to human dignity and dignity. . Such protection can be provided through preventive legal protections such as the creation of employment agreements and the filing of objections before signing employment agreements and through the protection of repressive laws, namely the establishment of efforts to resolve labor disputes. The existence of legal protection in order to ensure the fulfillment of the basic rights of workers, equalityvtreatment without discrimination for the realization of welfare for workers and their families, taking into account the progress of the business world and the interests of employers.
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Sinkevich, Zhanna V. "The Concept and Attributes of Social Services". Civil law 6 (17.12.2020): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2070-2140-2020-6-43-45.
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Social entrepreneurship is a new direction in the field of civil law science. Its development is associated with the provision of social services by state institutions and private legal entities, individual entrepreneurs. The paper analyzes the issues of interaction of private and public principles in the framework of legal regulation of this sphere of legal relations by civil law and social security law. Social protection of citizens can be represented by small and medium-sized businesses. The article analyzes the social service as a type of civil service, the article presents its features. The service is provided by a social entrepreneur. The article draws conclusions about the development of legislation, about the requirements of new legal acts.
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CZESAK-STARŻYK, Joanna Magdalena. "Concentration of entrepreneurs on the pharmaceutical market: selected issues". Central and Eastern European Journal of Management and Economics 5, nr 2 (7.01.2018): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.29015/ceejme.631.
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Aim:The article has been selected due to the need to determine the legal basis for the consolidation of entrepreneurs on the pharmaceutical market and to identify the difference from the common pattern established by the regulations set forth in the Competition and Consumer Protection Act dated 16 February 2007. The selection of an enactment (the Competition and Consumer Protection Act or the Pharmaceutical Law Act) as the appropriate basis for ruling shapes the legal status of an entrepreneur on the pharmaceutical market, in particular with respect to selecting specific remedies. Design / Research methods:The text of enactments was analyzed using mainly the linguistic method. The aim of the analyzed regulations and the system of values protected by law were also investigated. Conclusions / findings:The regulations concerning anti-competition consolidation on the pharmaceutical market set forth in the Pharmaceutical Law Acta are lex specialis with respect to solutions adopted in the Competition and Consumer Protection Act (this applies only to issuing a permit for running a retail pharmacy and a limited service pharmacy). These regulations are related with respect to content but, simultaneously, they differ with respect to the adopted consolidation criteria (qualitative criterion: the Competition and Consumer Protection Act, and quantitative criterion: the Pharmaceutical Law Act). The regulations set forth in the Competition and Consumer Protection Act apply also to consolidation on the pharmaceutical market since the obligation to report a consolidation intent is not specific to the industry in which the consolidation takes place. It means that President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection is competent to study the consolidation status and issue decisions related to consolidation on the pharmaceutical market, and entrepreneurs can appeal from the President’s decisions to the Regional Court in Warsaw. Originality / value of the article:The approach presented is not present in the current literature which is the main value of the article. The subject matter of the article can be interesting for entrepreneurs present on the pharmaceutical market and law practitioners.
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Murithi, Tim. "The African Union as a Norm Entrepreneur: The Limits of Human Protection and Mass Atrocities Prevention". Global Responsibility to Protect 8, nr 2-3 (24.05.2016): 227–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875984x-00803008.
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This article will argue that despite its role as a norm entrepreneur the African Union (au), when analysed through the un Secretary-General’s 3-Pillar framework of responsibility, has only had limited success and faced significant constraints in promoting Pan-African norms relating to sovereignty and non-interference, governance and development in order to achieve human protection and the prevention of mass atrocities. Human protection refers to protection of civilians from human rights abuses with a particular focus on mass atrocity crimes. This article will also assess the evolving au-un partnership and conclude by assessing the limits of norm building and propose strategies for enhancing human protection in Africa.
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Radonjić, Aleksa. "Who is an online trader from the consumer law perspective?: From Serbia to the EU and back". Pravni zapisi 14, nr 1 (2023): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/pravzap1-43549.
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The author seeks to answer the following research question: If a natural person is not a registered entrepreneur but does sell goods or services online regularly and for-profit, does that make that person a trader for the purposes of consumer law? The method applied is legal dogmatic. It is a search for the meaning of one of the key notions in consumer law, the trader. The meaning of this notion in Serbian legal literature has been taken for granted, or it has been controversially interpreted by certain consumer protection organizations, and the relevant case law does not exist, making this analysis even more needed. The author concludes that the definition of a trader from Serbian Consumer Protection Act may be interpreted encompassing a natural person who is not an entrepreneur, who sells goods or services online to consumers, depending on the circumstances of the case. The conclusion is based on the analysis of relevant CJEU case law and the case law of some EU Member States.
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Etel, Maciej. "Objection to Inspection Activities as a Special Legal Instrument for Protection of the Entrepreneur". Białostockie Studia Prawnicze 28, nr 4 (1.12.2023): 69–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/bsp.2023.28.04.04.
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Abstract Objection to inspection activities is a special legal instrument that allows an entrepreneur to react in a situation where inspection activities have been undertaken and conducted in violation of the regulations governing the rules and procedures for such inspections of business activities. This study analyses this instrument, in particular the possibility of filing an objection and exclusions in this regard, authorized entities, the issue of quasi-objections, the effects that the objection causes or may cause, the rules of procedure for the filing and resolution of the objection, as well as the issues of complaints against the decision to continue controlling activities and complaints to the administrative court. In addition to the analysis of legal provisions creating the normative construction of objection to inspection activities, the study includes related assessments, conclusions and findings of doctrine and jurisprudence. The study answers the question of whether an objection to inspection activities is an effective and available instrument to protect the entrepreneur in a situation where inspection activities are conducted in violation of regulations.
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Yushchenko, Natalya, Rustem Magizov i Elmira Gumerova. "3D Printing as an Object of Legal Protection". SHS Web of Conferences 93 (2021): 02019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219302019.
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The article discusses the formation of a new approach to the statutory regulation of 3D printing, an uncommon object of civil matters. Creating a product with the help of such technology not only by an entrepreneur but also by any person, can in practice cause some issues in protecting all participants’ rights during the 3D printing process. 3D printing is regarded as a complex object, so its characteristics are determined. Additionally, possible ways of resolving legislative gaps are proposed, such as: defining the concept of the manufacturer, supplier, seller, and consumer of 3D printed products; developing their rights and responsibilities; establishing quality requirements for 3D printed elements; and adopting clear rules on liability and consumer protection. Due to the widespread use of digital technologies, Russian legislation requires a thorough reconsideration and early reform.
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Mustofa, Muhamad Dela Dwi, i Hufron Hufron. "PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI PEKERJA KONTRAK APABILA DI PHK PADA MASA KONTRAK BERLANGSUNG". Bureaucracy Journal : Indonesia Journal of Law and Social-Political Governance 2, nr 1 (30.04.2022): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.53363/bureau.v2i1.22.
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Legal protection relates to government power and economic power. With regard to the people, in Article 1 paragraph 3 of Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning employment, a worker or laborer is anyone who works by receiving wages in other forms. The work agreement is divided into two, namely the Specific Time Work Agreement and the Indefinite Work Agreement. Definition of Contract Workers are those who work based on a certain time work agreement (PKWT), namely a work agreement between the entrepreneur and the worker to hold a working relationship for a certain time or for a certain job. If in the employment agreement the entrepreneur terminates the employment relationship (PHK), namely the termination of the employment relationship due to a certain matter that results in the termination of the rights and obligations of the worker, it is very important to provide legal protection to the worker/laborer. The author here will discuss the problem of regulating the normative rights of workers / laborers who are laid off during the contract period according to Law no. 11 of 2021 concerning Job Creation and how is the legal protection for workers/ labourers who have been laid off during the contract period. The purpose of the author is of course to find out the normative rights arrangements of workers who have been laid off during the contract period and to find out what legal protections are obtained by these workers / laborers. This type of research has used the type of research from normative law. The result of the writing that the author discusses is that the party who ends the employment relationship is required to pay compensation to the other party in the amount of the worker's salary until the expiration of the work agreement period
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Haro Ruiz, Miguel Angel, i Norma Araceli Márquez Pérez. "Recomendaciones para la protección fiscal del patrimonio del empresario en México". Diagnóstico FACIL Empresarial, Finanzas, Auditoria, Contabilidad, Impuestos, Legal, nr 19 (20.06.2023): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/dfe.vi19.255.
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La presente investigación es de tipo documental, de carácter exploratoria con un enfoque cualitativo, la finalidad es analizar la normatividad jurídica vigente en México, con la intención de proponer recomendaciones para la protección fiscal del patrimonio del empresario, desde una perspectiva normativa jurídica-fiscal, a través de la evaluación de los mecanismos establecidos en las disposiciones legales, que permiten proteger fiscalmente al contribuyente persona física con actividad empresarial o profesional, socio o accionista de una persona moral, asalariado, así como en cualquier régimen fiscal al que pueda estar sujeto de obligaciones fiscales en México. El objetivo de la investigación es proporcionar a los empresarios herramientas jurídicas y fiscales que coadyuven a la protección, preservación e incremento de su patrimonio. Partiendo del concepto de patrimonio, su clasificación, del análisis de los factores de riesgos que vulneran el patrimonio, así como del análisis de las principales figuras legales y corporativas que existen para proteger fiscalmente el patrimonio en México. El resultado es proporcionar una guía de recomendaciones de control interno, regulaciones jurídicas, así como de algunos lineamientos mínimos que deben cumplir los contribuyentes para proteger, preservar e incrementar su patrimonio ante posibles implicaciones fiscales.
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Haro Ruiz, Miguel Angel, i Norma Araceli Márquez Pérez. "Recomendaciones para la protección fiscal del patrimonio del empresario en México". Diagnóstico FACIL Empresarial, Finanzas, Auditoria, Contabilidad, Impuestos, Legal, nr 19 (20.06.2023): 11–19. https://doi.org/10.32870/dfe.vi19.130.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
La presente investigación es de tipo documental, de carácter exploratoria con un enfoque cualitativo, la finalidad es analizar la normatividad jurídica vigente en México, con la intención de proponer recomendaciones para la protección fiscal del patrimonio del empresario, desde una perspectiva normativa jurídica-fiscal, a través de la evaluación de los mecanismos establecidos en las disposiciones legales, que permiten proteger fiscalmente al contribuyente persona física con actividad empresarial o profesional, socio o accionista de una persona moral, asalariado, así como en cualquier régimen fiscal al que pueda estar sujeto de obligaciones fiscales en México. El objetivo de la investigación es proporcionar a los empresarios herramientas jurídicas y fiscales que coadyuven a la protección, preservación e incremento de su patrimonio. Partiendo del concepto de patrimonio, su clasificación, del análisis de los factores de riesgos que vulneran el patrimonio, así como del análisis de las principales figuras legales y corporativas que existen para proteger fiscalmente el patrimonio en México. El resultado es proporcionar una guía de recomendaciones de control interno, regulaciones jurídicas, así como de algunos lineamientos mínimos que deben cumplir los contribuyentes para proteger, preservar e incrementar su patrimonio ante posibles implicaciones fiscales.
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Appart, Frédéric. "Cour d’appel de Bruxelles (18 e ch.), 27 février 2019". Forum de l’assurance N° 205, nr 6 (1.06.2020): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/foas.205.0017b.
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L’arrêt du 27 février 2019 de la Cour d’appel de Bruxelles b doit retenir toute notre attention. Il a été rendu à l’encontre d’un entrepreneur en construction dont le manquement répété et persistant à ses obligations de sécurité et de protection de ses travailleurs a finalement mené au décès accidentel de l’un d’eux.
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Christianah Olawumi Akinyemi. "Empowering Nigerian Entrepreneur: Enhancing intellectual property awareness for business Growth". World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 25, nr 2 (28.02.2025): 2514–18. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2025.25.2.0580.
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Intellectual Property (IP) is a crucial yet often overlooked asset in Nigeria entrepreneurs. Despite the country’s Growing entrepreneurial ecosystem, many business owners lack awareness of how to protect and leverage their IP rights for sustainable growth. This article explores the Importance of IP awareness among Nigerian entrepreneurs, highlighting common challenges such as inadequate education,weak enforcement mechanisms and the high cost of registration. It examines the role of government agencies, legal practitioners and business associations in promoting IP education and protection. Finally, The article offers recommendations on how entrepreneurs can integrate IP strategies into their business models to enhance competitiveness, attract investment,and safeguard innovation in Nigeria’s Evolving Market.
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RUSHING, FRANCIS W., i MARK A. THOMPSON. "INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION, ENTREPRENEURSHIP, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH". Journal of Enterprising Culture 04, nr 03 (wrzesień 1996): 267–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495896000150.
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This paper brings together the importance of intellectual property protection (IPP) and entrepreneurship in economic growth. The paper surveys the economic literature on what factors are important to growth. The focus is on recent models of endogenous growth which reflect on the role of investment, technological change and education. Secondly, publications, which measure the impact of IPP on some of the growth elements identified are reviewed. The third section deals with IPP and the entrepreneur as an important agent and facilitator of growth. It discusses the nature of IPP as an incentive in not only stimulating the development of new technologies and processes but also the dissemination of existing technologies. Using the surveys as background, short case studies for India and Brazil are presented on IPP as a stimulus and application of research and development. The last section summarizes the previous sections and draws some conclusions with respect to policy.
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Hulu, Berkat Sama, i Rochim Rochim. "Outscourcing Menurut Hukum Ketenagakerjaan". As-Syar'i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga 4, nr 2 (29.11.2023): 258–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/as.v4i2.1679.
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The employment relationship that occurs between workers and employers which arises due to the existence of a work agreement is actually theoretically the right of the entrepreneur and the right of the worker to start or end it. However, for workers, the legal relationship with employers is always in a subordinate relationship or a relationship where the worker's position is lower than that of the entrepreneur or employer. For outsourcing workers, this becomes even worse because the workers do not have a working relationship with the employing company. The implementation of outsourcing several years after the issuance of Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower still experienced various weaknesses, mainly due to the lack of regulations issued by the Government as well as injustice in the implementation of work relations between employers and workers. However, basically the practice of outsourcing cannot be avoided by employers, let alone workers. This is because entrepreneurs with the enactment of Articles 64 to Article 66 of Law no. 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower, legalized implementing outsourcing practices without paying attention to things prohibited by law. This research aims to find out how the implementation of Law no. 13 of 2003 concerning Employment in outsourcing practices and the implementation of work protection and work conditions for outsourced workers/laborers after Constitutional Court Decision No. 27/PUU-IX/2011. The method used is a normative juridical approach. The normative juridical research method is legal research that uses secondary data sources. As juridical legal research using labor protection legal principles, especially in Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Employment. The results of this research state that the outsourcing practice of handing over part of the work implementation to another company through a work contract agreement generally does not implement the terms and conditions of outsourcing as regulated in Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower and in the considerations and decisions in the case. Application No. 27/PUU-IX/2011, the Constitutional Court did not declare the outsourcing system as a prohibited system in business relations and work relations between workers/laborers and entrepreneurs so that Article 64 of Law no. 13 of 2003.
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Vlasov, Petro, i Anna Kiseleva. "Company top-managers’ ideologies as a mental protection from environmental uncertainty". Організаційна психологія Економічна психологія 4, nr 24 (3.12.2021): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/2.2021.4.24.1.
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Introduction. At the beginning, entrepreneur creates his own concept of organization – value-cognitive-actional pattern, which is socialized, coming into conflict with CEOs’ individual interests. For this purpose, they use various distortion styles of organizational reality in their interpretations of values, cognitions and actions, thereby destroying organizational productivity. Aim. We have aim to explore wide-spread distortion styles in interpretations of organizational reality (CEO). We obtained 95 organizational self-descriptions of companies (from 50-1500 individuals) and classified them (key topics, actors, intention). Then we discovered interpretation styles and have grouped them according to a specially developed hierarchical model of organizational self-descriptions on several levels (formal: procedures and rules of behavior; content (statics: objects, agents and their attributes; dynamics: processes, algorithms and technologies); sense-logical: purposes, causes, values and beliefs). Results. We identified the following distortion styles of the entrepreneur’s value- cognitive-actional pattern: procedural (formal) - formal following of rules, norms, and instructions; personnel follow formal rules. Authoritarian (static) – the power of guarantor, authority and enactor of rules; personnel are obedient and loyal; participative (dynamic) – interaction, rules and hierarchies are the result of negotiations; the head of organization is a moderator; personnel are a part in negotiations. Conclusions. Destructive distortion styles lead organizations to: moral disengagement – avoidance of values in relationships, decisions and actions; guilt instead of responsibility – feeling guilt or self-justification; narrow-mindedness – insisting on one’s own vision and ignoring feedback.
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Ondrejová, Dana. "Může podnikatel zakázat či podmínit přístup ke službám ruským občanům z důvodu války na Ukrajině?" AUC IURIDICA 68, nr 4 (9.12.2022): 165–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23366478.2022.53.
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The paper deals with the current issue of consumer discrimination from the perspective of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. The subject of the study is the assessment of whether an entrepreneur can completely prohibit or condition access to services to Russian citizens, or whether it can do so against persons supporting the war in Ukraine or Putinʼs regime. This conduct is assessed in particular from the point of view of illegality under Section 6 of the Consumer Protection Act, which very strictly enjoins an entrepreneur not to discriminate. The paper provides a summary of the related case law, raising the question whether, in view of the current political developments in Russia, these case law conclusions can continue to stand in the same form.
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Szymczak, Iwona. "The pattern of due diligence of the entrepreneur providing the property protection service which is the subject of compulsory protection". European Journal of Service Management 27 (2018): 461–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/ejsm.2018.27/2-56.
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Vigneron, Nicolas. "L’évolution des solutions digitales pour une meilleure gestion de la propriété intellectuelle". Pin Code N° 2, nr 2 (28.07.2019): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pinc.002.0043.
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Intellectual property (IP) protection is a growing challenge for economic actors. The European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) provides several digital solutions facilitating a quick and easy access to IP protection by all types of users from the novice entrepreneur to the professional expert. It is necessary to take a quick tour of these solutions in a structured way, as well as of those offered in the context of the European IP network that address more global aspects from a geographical point of view, but also to cover practical topics related to the enforcement of intellectual property rights.
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FERRARO, PAUL J., i R. DAVID SIMPSON. "Cost-effective conservation when eco-entrepreneurs have market power". Environment and Development Economics 10, nr 5 (październik 2005): 651–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x05002378.
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International conservation investments are often made in the form of subsidies to purportedly eco-friendly enterprises rather than as payments conditional on habitat protection. Previous research demonstrated that direct payments for habitat protection are more cost effective than indirect subsidies for the acquisition of com-plementary inputs used in eco-friendly enterprises. In contrast to this earlier research, we assume in this paper that an ‘eco-entrepreneur’ may have market power. Market power is shown to compound the advantage of direct payments. Through a simple numerical example, we show that subsidies intended to achieve habitat conservation by encouraging the acquisition of complementary inputs can be spectacularly inefficient. In some cases it would be cheaper simply to buy the land outright. In other plausible cases, the indirect subsidy approach would simply be unable to achieve habitat conservation objectives no matter how much funding were available.
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Belva Sharafina, Dinar Asriningpuri i Khalila Zalema. "PELANGGARAN ETIKA DAN KEBIJAKAN STUDI MENGENAI PERDAGANGAN ILEGAL PAKAIAN BEKAS IMPOR DI LINGKUP PENGUSAHA THRIFTING". Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, Manajemen dan Ekonomi Islam (JAM-EKIS) 8, nr 1 (21.01.2025): 88–104. https://doi.org/10.36085/jamekis.v8i1.7424.
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This study examines ethical and policy violations in Indonesia's burgeoning illegal secondhand clothing (Thrifting) trade. Using a qualitative descriptive approach and literature review, it analyzes the issue through utilitarian, deontological, and virtue ethics frameworks. Utilitarian analysis weighs the economic benefits (increased entrepreneur income, affordable clothing, job creation) against significant drawbacks: harm to the domestic textile industry, lost tax revenue, health risks from unsanitary clothing, and environmental damage. The study finds that the negative consequences far outweigh the benefits, rendering the practice unethical from a utilitarian standpoint. A deontological perspective reveals clear violations of international and Indonesian trade laws (Customs Law No. 17/2006, Consumer Protection Law No. 8/1999, intellectual property rights), alongside breaches of honesty, justice, and responsibility. This inherently unethical practice is further analyzed through virtue ethics, highlighting the lack of honesty, social responsibility, and environmental concern among some Thrifting entrepreneurs. While economic pressures and resource limitations are mitigating factors, they do not justify illegality. The study concludes that this illegal trade is unethical and unsustainable. Recommendations include stronger law enforcement, training programs for entrepreneurs, improved resource access, public awareness campaigns, and domestic textile industry development. Further research is crucial to develop comprehensive and sustainable solutions.
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Weil, Carola. "The Protection-Neutrality Dilemma in Humanitarian Emergencies: Why the Need for Military Intervention?" International Migration Review 35, nr 1 (marzec 2001): 79–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2001.tb00005.x.
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For humanitarian organizations such as the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the recent evolution of military engagement in Complex Humanitarian Emergencies has been a mixed blessing. This article examines the protection-neutrality dilemma confronting UNCHR in the face of increased military humanitarian action. The conceptual framework presented here suggests that military forces may in fact act as an important “norms entrepreneur,” influencing how protection norms affect international responses to humanitarian emergencies. The linking of forced migration and security has generated a host of challenges for civil-military relations and raises a number of concerns for UNHCR regarding the legitimacy, ethics and operational viability of military interventions in such crises.
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Kiedrzynek, Michał. "Withdrawal of a permit to run a generally accessible pharmacy". Gubernaculum et Administratio 27, nr 1 (2023): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/gea.2023.01.07.
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One of the most important tasks of public authorities is health protection. To this end, a health care system has been created that includes various elements, including generally accessible pharmacies. Their operation requires a permit. In some cases, however, the legislator allowed for the possibility of withdrawing a permit, which may be obligatory or optional. It results from a breach of the legal conditions for running a pharmacy by an entrepreneur. In formulating the wording of the provisions on the withdrawal of the authorization to operate a generally accessible pharmacy, the legislator did not avoid a number of shortcomings. They are important insofar as the loss of the permit results in the inability to legally operate the entrepreneur and, consequently, the loss of invested funds and bankruptcy. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the legal status in this regard.
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Kashapova, I. A. "Constitutional control in the sphere of protection of the rights and freedoms of an entrepreneur". Право и государство: теория и практика, nr 7 (2022): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.47643/1815-1337_2022_7_83.
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Sivakoff, Natasha. "Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On the Protection and Support of Private Entrepreneur-Ship"". Review of Central and East European Law 19, nr 2 (1993): 179–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157303593x00130.
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