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Marlina, Kiki Amelia, Nurlaily Idris, Nikmatia Latief, Andi Alfian Zainuddin, Syakri Syahrir i Mirna Muis. "KORELASI NILAI INTRAVESICAL PROSTATIC PROTRUSION DAN POST VOID RESIDUAL URINE MENGGUNAKAN PEMERIKSAAN ULTRASONOGRAFI TRANSABDOMINAL DENGAN SKOR INTERNATIONAL PROSTATE SYMPTOM PADA PASIEN PEMBESARAN PROSTAT JINAK". E-Jurnal Medika Udayana 10, nr 9 (28.09.2021): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mu.2021.v10.i9.p16.
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ABSTRAK
Kiki Amelia M. Korelasi Nilai Intravesical Prostatic Protrusion dan Post Void Residual Urine Menggunakan Pemeriksaan Ultrasonografi Transabdominal dengan Skor International Prostate Symptom pada Pasien Pembesaran Prostat Jinak (Dibimbing oleh Nurlaily Idris dan Nikmatia Latief).
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis korelasi nilai intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) dan volume post void residual (PVR) urine menggunakan pemeriksaan ultrasonografi transabdominal dengan skor international prostate symptom (IPSS) pada pasien pembesaran prostat jinak.
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Departemen Radiologi RSUP dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar, mulai Maret hingga Oktober 2020. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 48 pasien. Metode yang digunakan adalah uji korelasi Spearman’s rho dan Chi-square.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya korelasi antara volume prostat (p=0,0001, r=0,736) dengan skor international prostate symptom (IPSS), semakin besar volume prostat maka semakin tinggi skor IPSS. Terdapat korelasi antara derajat intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) (p=0,0001, r=0,675) dengan skor international prostate symptom (IPSS), semakin tinggi derajat IPP maka semakin tinggi pula skor IPSS. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara post void residu (PVR) urine (p=0,076, r=0,258) dengan skor international prostate symptom (IPSS), besarnya volume PVR tidak berkorelasi dengan skor IPSS. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara kalsifikasi prostat (p=0,493) dengan skor international prostate symptom (IPSS), dimana keberadaan kalsifikasi prostat tidak berkorelasi dengan skor IPSS.
Kata kunci: Pembesaran prostat jinak, ultrasonografi transabdominal, intravesical prostatic protrusion, post void residual urine, kalsifikasi prostat, skor international prostate symptom
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Marlina, Kiki Amelia. "KORELASI NILAI INTRAVESICAL PROSTATIC PROTRUSION DAN POST VOID RESIDUAL URINE MENGGUNAKAN PEMERIKSAAN ULTRASONOGRAFI TRANSABDOMINAL DENGAN SKOR INTERNATIONAL PROSTATE SYMPTOM PADA PASIEN PEMBESARAN PROSTAT JINAK". E-Jurnal Medika Udayana 12, nr 11 (22.11.2023): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mu.2023.v12.i11.p05.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
ABSTRAK
Kiki Amelia M. Korelasi Nilai Intravesical Prostatic Protrusion dan Post Void Residual Urine Menggunakan Pemeriksaan Ultrasonografi Transabdominal dengan Skor International Prostate Symptom pada Pasien Pembesaran Prostat Jinak (Dibimbing oleh Nurlaily Idris dan Nikmatia Latief).
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis korelasi nilai intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) dan volume post void residual (PVR) urine menggunakan pemeriksaan ultrasonografi transabdominal dengan skor international prostate symptom (IPSS) pada pasien pembesaran prostat jinak.
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Departemen Radiologi RSUP dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar, mulai Maret hingga Oktober 2020. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 48 pasien. Metode yang digunakan adalah uji korelasi Spearman’s rho dan Chi-square.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya korelasi antara volume prostat (p=0,0001, r=0,736) dengan skor international prostate symptom (IPSS), semakin besar volume prostat maka semakin tinggi skor IPSS. Terdapat korelasi antara derajat intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) (p=0,0001, r=0,675) dengan skor international prostate symptom (IPSS), semakin tinggi derajat IPP maka semakin tinggi pula skor IPSS. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara post void residu (PVR) urine (p=0,076, r=0,258) dengan skor international prostate symptom (IPSS), besarnya volume PVR tidak berkorelasi dengan skor IPSS. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara kalsifikasi prostat (p=0,493) dengan skor international prostate symptom (IPSS), dimana keberadaan kalsifikasi prostat tidak berkorelasi dengan skor IPSS.
Kata kunci: Pembesaran prostat jinak, ultrasonografi transabdominal, intravesical prostatic protrusion, post void residual urine, kalsifikasi prostat, skor international prostate symptom
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Marlina, Kiki Amelia. "KORELASI NILAI INTRAVESICAL PROSTATIC PROTRUSION DAN POST VOID RESIDUAL URINE MENGGUNAKAN PEMERIKSAAN ULTRASONOGRAFI TRANSABDOMINAL DENGAN SKOR INTERNATIONAL PROSTATE SYMPTOM PADA PASIEN PEMBESARAN PROSTAT JINAK". E-Jurnal Medika Udayana 12, nr 6 (19.06.2023): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mu.2023.v12.i06.p11.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis korelasi nilai intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) dan volume post void residual (PVR) urine menggunakan pemeriksaan ultrasonografi transabdominal dengan skor international prostate symptom (IPSS) pada pasien pembesaran prostat jinak.
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Departemen Radiologi RSUP dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar, mulai Maret hingga Oktober 2020. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 48 pasien pembesaran prostat jinak yang telah dilakukan pemeriksaan ultrasonografi transabdominal dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi penelitian. Metode yang digunakan adalah uji korelasi Spearman’s rho dan Chi-square.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya korelasi antara volume prostat (p=0,0001, r=0,736) dengan skor international prostate symptom (IPSS), semakin besar volume prostat maka semakin tinggi skor IPSS. Terdapat korelasi antara derajat intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) (p=0,0001, r=0,675) dengan skor international prostate symptom (IPSS), semakin tinggi derajat IPP maka semakin tinggi pula skor IPSS. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara post void residu (PVR) urine (p=0,076, r=0,258) dengan skor international prostate symptom (IPSS), besarnya volume PVR tidak berkorelasi dengan skor IPSS. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara kalsifikasi prostat (p=0,493) dengan skor international prostate symptom (IPSS). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yakni volume prostat dan nilai IPP berkorelasi dengan skor IPSS, sedangkan volume PVR dan kalsifikasi prostat tidak berkorelasi dengan skor IPSS.
Kata kunci: Pembesaran prostat jinak, ultrasonografi transabdominal, intravesical prostatic protrusion, post void residual urine, kalsifikasi prostat, skor international prostate symptom
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Wang, Liang, Marloes Zoetemelk, Brahmananda R. Chitteti, Timothy L. Ratliff, Jason D. Myers, Edward F. Srour, Hal Broxmeyer i Travis J. Jerde. "Expansion of prostate epithelial progenitor cells after inflammation of the mouse prostate". American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 308, nr 12 (15.06.2015): F1421—F1430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00488.2014.
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Prostatic inflammation is a nearly ubiquitous pathological feature observed in specimens from benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer patients. The microenvironment of the inflamed prostate is highly reactive, and epithelial hyperplasia is a hallmark feature of inflamed prostates. How inflammation orchestrates epithelial proliferation as part of its repair and recovery action is not well understood. Here, we report that a novel epithelial progenitor cell population is induced to expand during inflammation. We used sphere culture assays, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry to show that this population is increased in bacterially induced inflamed mouse prostates relative to naïve control prostates. We confirmed from previous reports that this population exclusively possesses the ability to regrow entire prostatic structures from single cell culture using renal grafts. In addition, putative progenitor cells harvested from inflamed animals have greater aggregation capacity than those isolated from naïve control prostates. Expansion of this critical cell population requires IL-1 signaling, as IL-1 receptor 1-null mice exhibit inflammation similar to wild-type inflamed animals but exhibit significantly reduced progenitor cell proliferation and hyperplasia. These data demonstrate that inflammation promotes hyperplasia in the mouse prostatic epithelium by inducing the expansion of a selected epithelial progenitor cell population in an IL-1 receptor-dependent manner. These findings may have significant impact on our understanding of how inflammation promotes proliferative diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer, both of which depend on expansion of cells that exhibit a progenitor-like nature.
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Lorenzo, Guillermo, Thomas J. R. Hughes, Pablo Dominguez-Frojan, Alessandro Reali i Hector Gomez. "Computer simulations suggest that prostate enlargement due to benign prostatic hyperplasia mechanically impedes prostate cancer growth". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, nr 4 (7.01.2019): 1152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1815735116.
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Prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia are common genitourinary diseases in aging men. Both pathologies may coexist and share numerous similarities, which have suggested several connections or some interplay between them. However, solid evidence confirming their existence is lacking. Recent studies on extensive series of prostatectomy specimens have shown that tumors originating in larger prostates present favorable pathological features. Hence, large prostates may exert a protective effect against prostate cancer. In this work, we propose a mechanical explanation for this phenomenon. The mechanical stress fields that originate as tumors enlarge have been shown to slow down their dynamics. Benign prostatic hyperplasia contributes to these mechanical stress fields, hence further restraining prostate cancer growth. We derived a tissue-scale, patient-specific mechanically coupled mathematical model to qualitatively investigate the mechanical interaction of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. This model was calibrated by studying the deformation caused by each disease independently. Our simulations show that a history of benign prostatic hyperplasia creates mechanical stress fields in the prostate that impede prostatic tumor growth and limit its invasiveness. The technology presented herein may assist physicians in the clinical management of benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer by predicting pathological outcomes on a tissue-scale, patient-specific basis.
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Vojinov, Sasa, Goran Marusic, Ivan Levakov i Jelena Popadic-Gacesa. "Influence of hormonal therapy on the level of prostate specific antigen in patients with advanced prostatic cancer". Medical review 63, nr 7-8 (2010): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1008479v.
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% Karcinomi prostate % Antagonisti androgena % Kastracija % Testosteron % Luteinizirajuci hormone AB Introduction. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of androgen blockades on prostate specific antigen (PSA) values in patients with locally advanced and metastatic prostatic cancer. Material and methods. The research was conducted on 60 patients. The group of 45 patients with prostatic cancer was divided into 3 subgroups, based on the type of the applied treatment protocol (15 patients on monotherapy with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists, 15 patients on total androgen blockade and 15 patients on monotherapy with antiandrogen). The control group consisted of 15 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. For all patients, the values of testosteron, luteinizing hormone and prostate specific antigen were monitored before as well as after 3 and 6 months during the treatment protocol. Results. All types of the applied treatment protocols in the therapy of prostatic cancer decreased the values of prostate specific antigen significantly The application of total androgen blockade and monotherapy with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists decreased the levels of prostate specific antigen significantly in comparison with monotherapy with antiandrogen. Conclusion. Although prostate specific antigen is not a prostatic cancer specific parameter, the dynamics of its decrease during the therapy of androgen blockade represents a significant marker of the therapy effect. Cilj rada je bio da se ispita uticaj androgenih blokada na vrednosti prostata specificnog antigena kod bolesnika sa lokalno uznapredovalim i metastatskim karcinomom prostate. Ispitivani uzorak se sastojao od 60 bolesnika. Grupa od 45 bolesnika sa karcinomom prostate bila je podeljena na tri podgrupe, u zavisnosti od primenjenog terapijskog protokola (15 bolesnika na monoterapiji agonistima luteinizirajuceg rilizing hormona, 15 bolesnika na totalnoj androgenoj blokadi i 15 bolesnika na monoterapiji antindrogenom). Kontrolnu grupu cinilo je 15 pacijenata sa benignom hiperplazijom prostate. Svim pacijentima su pracene vrednosti testosterona, luteinizirajuceg hormona i prostata specificnog antigena neposredno pre, kao i tri, to jest sest meseci nakon uvodjenja odgovarajuceg protokola. Sve tri vrste primenjenih terapijskih protokola u lecenju karcinoma prostate statisticki su znatno snizavale vrednosti prostata specificnog antigena u odnosu na pocetne vrednosti. Primena totalne androgene blokade i monoterapije agonistima luteinizirajuceg rilizing hormona dovela je do statisticki znatnog snizenja vrednosti prostata specificnog antigena u poredjenju sa monoterapijom antiandrogenom. Iako prostata specificni antigen nije specifican marker za karcinom prostate, dinamika njegove promene u toku androgene blokade predstavlja bitan pokazatelj terapijskog efekta.
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Viennois, Emilie, Teresa Esposito, Julie Dufour, Aurélien Pommier, Stephane Fabre, Jean-Louis Kemeny, Laurent Guy, Laurent Morel, Jean-Marc Lobaccaro i Silvère Baron. "Lxrα Regulates the Androgen Response in Prostate Epithelium". Endocrinology 153, nr 7 (30.04.2012): 3211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2011-1996.
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Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate that commonly occurs in older men. We show that liver X receptor (Lxr)-α knockout mice (lxrα−/−) develop ventral prostate hypertrophy, correlating with an overaccumulation of secreted proteins in prostatic ducts and an alteration of vesicular trafficking in epithelial cells. In the fluid of the lxrα−/− prostates, spermine binding protein is highly accumulated and shows a 3000-fold increase of its mRNA. This overexpression is mediated by androgen hypersensitivity in lxrα−/− mice, restricted to the ventral prostate. Generation of chimeric recombinant prostates demonstrates that Lxrα is involved in the establishment of the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in the mouse prostate. Altogether these results point out the crucial role of Lxrα in the homeostasis of the ventral prostate and suggest lxrα−/− mice may be a good model to investigate the molecular mechanisms of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
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Sanjay Kalra, Nitin Kapoor i Saurabh Arora. "Diabetes and the prostate". Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 73, nr 12 (28.11.2023): 2491–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.47391/jpma.23-101.
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Here we discuss the interactions between prostatic health and diabetes. Diabetes may be associated with changes in prostatic anatomy, physiology, clinical morbidity, and clinical outcomes. Certain glucose-lowering drugs may impact prostatic health, and some prostato-tropic medications can influence glycaemic control. One should be vigilant for symptoms and signs of prostate health in diabetes. Keywords: benign prostatic hyperplasia, erectile dysfunction, male gonad, male reproductive health, metformin, prostatic cancer, SGLT2i.
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Faleiro, Mariana Batista Rodrigues, Danilo Rezende e. Silva, Rafael Malagoli Rocha i Veridiana Maria Brianezi Dignani de Moura. "Immunoexpression of cell cycle regulators in canine prostate with proliferative lesions". Semina: Ciências Agrárias 39, nr 4 (2.08.2018): 1831. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n4p1831.
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Immunostaining of p21, p27, p53, cyclin D1, c-myc was evaluated in normal canine prostate and prostate with proliferative disorders to verify the interaction between these regulators of cell cycle progression. From 106 samples of canine prostate obtained from a TMA block, 15 were considered normal, 16 diagnosed as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 30 as proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA), 20 as prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and 25 as prostatic carcinoma (PC). There was positive correlation between p21 and p27 for number of stained cells and staining intensity in all conditions and between c-myc and p53 in prostates with PIN. Considering the number of labeled cells, there was positive correlation between p21 and p53 in the normal prostate. Relative to the intensity of staining, there was positive correlation between p21 and p53 in prostate tissue with PIN and between p27 and c-myc in prostates with PIA. A negative correlation between c-myc and cyclin D1 was also identified in the glands with PIN, considering the number of labeled cells, and between p27 and c-myc in the prostates with PC for staining intensity. In conclusion, the expression of p21, p27, p53, cyclin D1 and c-myc varies according to type of proliferative lesion in canine prostate. Taken together, the results indicate low growth potential of the canine PC in the presence of p21 and p27 overexpression, cyclin D1 low expression and regular expression of c-myc, even with the expression of p53 mutant type. Further, it was possible reaffirm the premalignant potential of PIA and PIN in canine prostate.
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Elo, Teresa, Lan Yu, Eeva Valve, Sari Mäkelä i Pirkko Härkönen. "Deficiency of ERβ and prostate tumorigenesis in FGF8b transgenic mice". Endocrine-Related Cancer 21, nr 4 (17.06.2014): 677–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/erc-13-0480.
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Estrogens contribute to the development and growth of the prostate and are implicated in prostate tumorigenesis. In their target tissues, estrogens mediate their effects via estrogen receptor α (ERα (ESR1)) and β (ERβ (ESR2)). Hyperplasia and decreased differentiation of epithelial cells in the prostate have been reported in ERβ knockout (BERKO) mice. Herein, we studied the effect of ERβ deficiency on prostate tumorigenesis by crossing BERKOFVB mice with prostate-targeted human fibroblast growth factor 8b transgenic (FGF8b-Tg) mice. Consistent with results described in our previous report, the prostates of 1-year-old FGF8b-Tg mice displayed stromal aberrations, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (mPIN) lesions, inflammation, and occasionally cancer. The prostates of BERKOFVB mice exhibited mild epithelial hypercellularity and inflammation. The prostate phenotypes of FGF8b-Tg-BERKOFVB mice closely resembled those of FGF8b-Tg mice. However, mucinous metaplasia, indicated by Goblet-like cells in the epithelium, was significantly more frequent in the prostates of FGF8b-Tg-BERKOFVB mice when compared with FGF8b-Tg mice. Furthermore, compared with FGF8b-Tg mice, there was a tendency for increased frequency of inflammation but milder hyperplasias in the prostate stroma of FGF8b-Tg-BERKOFVB mice. The expression levels of mRNAs for FGF8b-regulated genes including osteopontin (Spp1), connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf), fibroblast growth factor receptors (Fgfrs), and steroid hormone receptors and cytokines were similar in the prostates of FGF8b-Tg and FGF8b-Tg-BERKOFVB mice. Our results indicate that ERβ plays a role in the differentiation of the prostatic epithelium and, potentially, in the defensive mechanism required for protection against inflammation but do not support a direct tumor-suppressive function of ERβ in the prostate of FGF8b-Tg mice.
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Kilibayev, Baurzhan, Gafour Khairli, Ulanbek Zhanbyrbekuly, Sherniyazdan Abdugalimov, Nurbol Keulimzhayev, Yerzhan Sharapatov i Rano Zhankina. "Giant prostatic enlargement: A presentation of a rare asymptomatic case". Journal of Clinical Medicine of Kazakhstan 20, nr 4 (29.08.2023): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.23950/jcmk/13493.
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Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a histological diagnosis and the most frequent benign tumor in older men, and its incidence strongly correlates with advanced age. Giant prostate enlargement (GPE), also known as giant prostatic hyperplasia, is a term given for severely enlarged prostates that weigh more than 500g. GPE cases reported in literature is less than 30. We describe our experience of removing previously asymptomatic 528g prostate by open transvesical prostatectomy. According to transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) the prostate size is 482 ml and prostate‑specific antigen level of 5.1 ng/ml. Histological examination showed nodular prostatic hyperplasia, an adenomatous variant with foci of cystic atrophy, chronic prostatitis. The patient's post-operative recovery went without any relapses and complications.
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CRONE, JULIE K., ARTHUR L. BURNETT, SHELLY L. CHAMNESS, JOHN D. STRANDBERG i THOMAS S. K. CHANG. "Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Canine Prostate: Aging, Sex Steroid, and Pathology Correlations". Journal of Andrology 19, nr 3 (6.05.1998): 358–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1939-4640.1998.tb02016.x.
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ABSTRACT: Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is expressed in the prostate of various species, including humans. NOS catalyzes the production of nitric oxide (NO), which may function in prostatic smooth‐muscle relaxation. To investigate further the role of NO in the prostate, we examined neuronal NOS expression in the aging canine prostate, after hormonal perturbation, and correlated these results with histopathologic findings. The study comprised the following treatment groups: intact dogs (treatment group 1, n = 6); dogs who were castrated at 7 days of age and received testosterone and estrogen replacement at 2 years of age (treatment group 2, n = 10); and dogs who were castrated at 2 years of age and received testosterone and estrogen replacement at 2 years of age (treatment group 3, n = 9). Studies were done on prostates removed from dogs after euthanasia at 6 years of age. In treatment group 1, complex benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) was observed in all specimens. In treatment group 2, atrophy was observed in 70%, normal prostate with small areas of hyperplasia in 20%, and BPH in 10% of specimens. In treatment group 3, atrophy was observed in 78%, normal histology with small areas of hyperplasia in 11%, and BPH in 11% of specimens. Neuronal NOS localizations were confirmed by western blot analysis and by immunohistochemistry in 0% and 17%, respectively, of specimens in treatment group 1, in 60% and 70%, respectively, of specimens in treatment group 2, and in 67% and 71%, respectively, of specimens in treatment group 3. Neuronal NOS immunoreactivity was localized in histologically normal prostates of four intact, young‐adult control dogs (2 years of age). For all treatment groups, neuronal NOS immunoreactivity was confirmed by western blot in 86% of atrophic prostates but in no prostates with BPH (P < 0.001), and it was confirmed by immunohistochemistry in 75% of atrophic prostates but in only 13% of prostates with BPH (P < 0.02). These data suggest that, in the canine prostate, NO release relates to growth and pathology. Low levels of neuronal NOS expression in BPH tissue, compared with higher levels in atrophic tissue, suggest that neuronal NOS expression is down‐regulated in the prostate with benign cellular proliferation whereas it is maintained or possibly up‐regulated in the prostate with prostatic involution. Whether altered neuronal NOS expression contributes to the pathogeneses of BPH and prostatic involution or whether it occurs as a consequence of these processes requires further investigation.
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Sun, Feng, He-ge Chen, Wei Li, Xi Yang, Xin Wang, Richeng Jiang, Zhiyong Guo i in. "Androgen Receptor Splice Variant AR3 Promotes Prostate Cancer via Modulating Expression of Autocrine/Paracrine Factors". Journal of Biological Chemistry 289, nr 3 (2.12.2013): 1529–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m113.492140.
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Deregulation of androgen receptor (AR) splice variants has been implicated to play a role in prostate cancer development and progression. To understand their functions in prostate, we established a transgenic mouse model (AR3Tg) with targeted expression of the constitutively active and androgen-independent AR splice variant AR3 (a.k.a. AR-V7) in prostate epithelium. We found that overexpression of AR3 modulates expression of a number of tumor-promoting autocrine/paracrine growth factors (including Tgfβ2 and Igf1) and expands prostatic progenitor cell population, leading to development of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. In addition, we showed that some epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated genes are up-regulated in AR3Tg prostates, suggesting that AR3 may antagonize AR activity and halt the differentiation process driven by AR and androgen. This notion is supported by our observations that the number of Ck5+/Ck8+ intermediate cells is increased in AR3Tg prostates after castration, and expression of AR3 transgene in these intermediate cells compromises prostate epithelium regeneration upon androgen replacement. Our results demonstrate that AR3 is a driver of prostate cancer, at least in part, through modulating multiple tumor-promoting autocrine/paracrine factors.
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Naheen, Towhida. "Prostate Volume Measurement by Ultrasonography Over 40 Years Age of Bangladeshi Population". Annals of International Medical and Dental Research 8, nr 1 (15.01.2022): 350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2022.8.1.44.
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Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or benign prostatic hypertrophy, is a histologic diagnosis status characterized by proliferation of the ‘glandular elements’ of the prostate, which may lead to an enlarged prostate gland. In many studies, people over the age of 40 years found as the most vulnerable for BPH. Ultrasonography is a prominent method to determine prostate volume or size. Aim of the study: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prostate volume measurement for the Bangladeshi population over the age of 40 years by ultrasonography.Methods:This prospective, observational study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Chattogram Medical College Hospital, Chattogram, Bangladesh during the period from January 2019 to December 2020. In total 157 suspected patients of benign prostatic hyperplasia were selected as the study population. All patients were clinically diagnosed for BPH, based on the present prostate symptoms and digital rectal examination. To measure the prostate volume, abdominal ultrasonography was performed for all the patients. After enucleation, another ultrasonogram was performed for all the patients to measure the existing sizes of the prostates of the patients. All the data were processed, analyzed, and disseminated by MS-word and SPSS programs as per need.Results:Finally, in this study in analyzing the volumes of the prostates of the participants according to the abdominal ultra-sonographic reports of pre-operative stage we observed, in 9%, 34%, 31%, 30%, 21% and 32% patients, the prostate sizes (In cc) were <20, 21-40, 41-60, 61-80, 81-100 and >100 cc respectively. On the other hand, after enucleation, in 11.46%, 24.20%, 28.66%, 27.39%, 7.01% and 1.27% patients, the prostate sizes (In cc) were found <20, 21-40, 41-60, 61-80, 81-100 and >100 cc respectively. The mean changes of prostate sizes between pre- and post-operative stages among the participant was not significant where the P value was found 0.464.Conclusion:The findings of this study support the applications of abdominal ultrasonographic evaluation for suspected benign prostatic hyperplasia patients to know about the exact volumes of their prostates for selecting the appropriate surgical approach.
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Juodziukyniene, Nomeda, i Albina Aniuliene. "Histomorphometric study of the canine prostate during ageing and in cases of benign prostate hyperplasia". Journal of Veterinary Research 60, nr 1 (1.03.2016): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jvetres-2016-0013.
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AbstractIntroduction: The aim of the study was to examine the percentage volume of epithelium, acini, and interstitial collagen in the nonhyperplastic canine prostate and in cases of epithelial and epithelial cystic hyperplasia. Material and Methods: A histomorphometric study of 39 prostates was performed using computer image analysis. Results: The highest percentage volume of epithelium was found in cases of epithelial hyperplasia (47.8 %) and epithelial cystic hyperplasia was the correlate for acini (48.97 %). Epithelium decreased with dogs’ age (P < 0.01), whereas acini increased (P < 0.01). Interstitial collagen varied only insignificantly across age groups, but collagen was higher (12.1 %) in the nonhyperplastic prostates. With age cystic formation progressed in the canine prostate, the percentage volume of epithelium decreased and that of acini increased, but this same parameter in prostatic collagen did not change distinctly. The epithelium percentage volume increased in cases of epithelial hyperplasia but the cystic variant caused an increase in acinar volume. Conclusion: As dogs age, cystic formation progresses in the prostate, therefore the volume of epithelium decreases and that of acini increases. The volume of prostatic collagen did not change distinctly with age, and was higher in normal prostates than in both epithelial and epithelial cystic hyperplastic glands.
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Billis, Athanase, i Luis A. Magna. "Prostate Elastosis". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 124, nr 9 (1.09.2000): 1306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2000-124-1306-pe.
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Abstract Background.—Elastosis of the prostate may be seen on needle biopsy and radical prostatectomy specimens, but its significance is unknown. Prostatic atrophy (or postatrophic hyperplasia) is one of the most frequent mimics of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Objective.—To observe the frequent occurrence of elastosis of the prostate stroma in areas of postatrophic hyperplasia. Design.—A step-section method was used to cut the posterior lobe (or peripheral zone) in coronal planes at intervals of 0.3 to 0.5 cm in 100 consecutive autopsy specimens of men older than 40 years. Elastosis was detected because of a basophilic tinge of the stroma on hematoxylin-eosin stain and confirmed using elastic fiber stains. Presence of elastosis correlated with the following variables: age, prostatic atrophy (simple, hyperplastic, or sclerotic), local arteriosclerosis, histologic carcinoma, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, benign or malignant nephrosclerosis, generalized atherosclerosis, nodular prostatic hyperplasia, and acute inflammation. For statistics, a stepwise linear regression method adjusted for age was used. Results and Conclusions.—Elastosis was found in 65 of the prostates examined and was significantly more frequent with increasing age (P < .001), prostatic atrophy (P < .001), and local arteriosclerosis (P < .02). There was no significant relation to histologic carcinoma, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, benign or malignant nephrosclerosis, generalized atherosclerosis, nodular prostatic hyperplasia, and acute inflammation. The correlation with local arteriosclerosis favors a possible role of ischemia to its etiopathogenesis. The absence of correlation to neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions and the striking spatial relationship of elastosis to prostatic atrophy (or postatrophic hyperplasia) add a new microscopic feature for the diagnosis of this latter lesion, helping in the differential diagnosis with prostate adenocarcinoma.
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Song, Liankun, Vyvyan Nguyen, Shan Xu, Jana Yamak, Kia Arabzadehkaffash, Ali Fazelpour, Merci Mino, Matthew Tippin, Shuang Meng i Xiaolin Zi. "Abstract 1: Transcriptional profiling of prostatic Skp2 knock-in mouse model and development of the associated prostate organoids for testing Skp2 targeting agents". Cancer Research 82, nr 12_Supplement (15.06.2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-1.
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Abstract S-phase kinase associated protein 2 (Skp2) is a promising drug target as studies have demonstrated that Skp2 is required for spontaneous tumor development that occurs in the retinoblastoma protein (pRb), Pten, or p53 deficient mice. We, therefore, aim to establish CRISPR human Skp2 (hSkp2) knock-in in the prostates of mice to study the molecular profiling features in prostate carcinogenesis. Prostate weights increased in transgenic mice and overexpression of hSkp2 induced prostatic lesions including hyperplasia, mouse prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (mPIN), and carcinoma, which suggested the initial role of hSkp2 in early prostate carcinogenesis. RNAseq results revealed Myl3 and Ctgf as the top down-expressed and up-expressed genes respectively in hSkp2 mice prostates. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) demonstrated the significant upregulations of ribosome and proteasome pathways which had similar alterations in the human prostate cancer dataset with Skp2 overexpression, suggesting the potential role of ribosome biogenesis in prostate tumorigenesis and for drug development. In addition, Skp2 organoids derived from transgenic mice prostates were being developed for convenient and efficient screening of specific Skp2 inhibitors. Flavokawain A (FKA) and Skp2 inhibitor C1 both selectively decreased the viability and altered the morphologies of hSkp2 organoids, meanwhile FKA exhibited less toxicity on wild-type organoids. Citation Format: Liankun Song, Vyvyan Nguyen, Shan Xu, Jana Yamak, Kia Arabzadehkaffash, Ali Fazelpour, Merci Mino, Matthew Tippin, Shuang Meng, Xiaolin Zi. Transcriptional profiling of prostatic Skp2 knock-in mouse model and development of the associated prostate organoids for testing Skp2 targeting agents [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1.
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Park, Eunsook, Mee-Young Lee, Woo-Young Jeon, Nari Lee, Chang-Seob Seo i Hyeun-Kyoo Shin. "Inhibitory Effect of Yongdamsagan-Tang Water Extract, a Traditional Herbal Formula, on Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1428923.
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Yongdamsagan-tang, a traditional herbal formula, is used widely for the treatment of inflammation and viral diseases. In this study, we investigated whether Yongdamsagan-tang water extract (YSTE) affects testosterone propionate- (TP-) induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in a rat model. To induce BPH, rats were injected subcutaneously with 10 mg/kg of TP every day. YSTE was administrated daily by oral gavage at doses of 200 and 500 mg/kg along with the TP injection. After 4 weeks, prostates were collected, weighed, and analyzed. The relative prostrate weight was significantly lower in both YSTE groups (200 and 500 mg/kg/day) compared with the TP-induced BPH group. YSTE administration reduced the expression of proliferation markers PCNA, cyclin D1, and Ki-67 and the histological abnormalities observed in the prostate in TP-induced BPH rats. YSTE attenuated the increase in the TP-induced androgen concentration in the prostate. The YSTE groups also showed decreased lipid peroxidation and increased glutathione reductase activity in the prostate. These findings suggest that YSTE effectively prevented the development of TP-induced BPH in rats through antiproliferative and antioxidative activities and might be useful in the clinical treatment of BPH.
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Welsh, Michelle, Lindsey Moffat, Alan McNeilly, David Brownstein, Philippa T. K. Saunders, Richard M. Sharpe i Lee B. Smith. "Smooth Muscle Cell-Specific Knockout of Androgen Receptor: A New Model for Prostatic Disease". Endocrinology 152, nr 9 (5.07.2011): 3541–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2011-0282.
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Androgen-driven stromal-epithelial interactions play a key role in normal prostate development and function as well as in the progression of common prostatic diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. However, exactly how, and via which cell type, androgens mediate their effects in the adult prostate remains unclear. This study investigated the role for smooth muscle (SM) androgen signaling in normal adult prostate homeostasis and function using mice in which androgen receptor was selectively ablated from prostatic SM cells. In adulthood the knockout (KO) mice displayed a 44% reduction in prostate weight and exhibited histological abnormalities such as hyperplasia, inflammation, fibrosis, and reduced expression of epithelial, SM, and stem cell identify markers (e.g. p63 reduced by 27% and Pten by 31%). These changes emerged beyond puberty and were not explained by changes in serum hormones. Furthermore, in response to exogenous estradiol, adult KO mice displayed an 8.5-fold greater increase in prostate weight than controls and developed urinary retention. KO mice also demonstrated a reduced response to castration compared with controls. Together these results demonstrate that prostate SM cells are vital in mediating androgen-driven stromal-epithelial interactions in adult mouse prostates, determining cell identity and function and limiting hormone-dependent epithelial cell proliferation. This novel mouse model provides new insight into the possible role for SM androgen action in prostate disease.
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Pascal, Laura E., Khalid Z. Masoodi, June Liu, Xiaonan Qiu, Qiong Song, Yujuan Wang, Yachen Zang i in. "Conditional deletion of ELL2 induces murine prostate intraepithelial neoplasia". Journal of Endocrinology 235, nr 2 (listopad 2017): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-17-0112.
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Elongation factor, RNA polymerase II, 2 (ELL2) is an RNA Pol II elongation factor with functional properties similar to ELL that can interact with the prostate tumor suppressor EAF2. In the prostate, ELL2 is an androgen response gene that is upregulated in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We recently showed that ELL2 loss could enhance prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration, and that ELL2 gene expression was downregulated in high Gleason score prostate cancer specimens. Here, prostate-specific deletion of ELL2 in a mouse model revealed a potential role for ELL2 as a prostate tumor suppressor in vivo. Ell2-knockout mice exhibited prostatic defects including increased epithelial proliferation, vascularity and PIN lesions similar to the previously determined prostate phenotype in Eaf2-knockout mice. Microarray analysis of prostates from Ell2-knockout and wild-type mice on a C57BL/6J background at age 3 months and qPCR validation at 17 months of age revealed a number of differentially expressed genes associated with proliferation, cellular motility and epithelial and neural differentiation. OncoPrint analysis identified combined downregulation or deletion in prostate adenocarcinoma cases from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data portal. These results suggest that ELL2 and its pathway genes likely play an important role in the development and progression of prostate cancer.
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Okidi, Ronald, Cyprian Opira, Vanusa Da Consolação Sambo, Caroline Achola i David Martin Ogwang. "Prostate hyperplasia in St Mary’s Hospital Lacor: utility of prostate specific antigen in screening for prostate malignancy". African Health Sciences 20, nr 3 (7.10.2020): 1259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v20i3.30.
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Introduction: Prostate cancer is the second commonest cancer in men worldwide. At present, every patient with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in St. Mary’s Hospital Lacor is undergoing prostate biopsy regardless of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) level. We sought to determine the association between PSA and malignant prostate histology.
Methods: This was a retrospective study. Data on age, PSA, prostate volume and prostate histology reported between Jan 2012 and Dec 2019 were retrieved from St. Mary’s Hospital Lacor archive and analyzed using STATA SE/13.0.
Results: Records of 97 patients with LUTS was analyzed. The median (range) age of the patients was 71 (43-100) years. Median (range) of prostate volume was 91.8 (8.0-360.0) cc. Overall, PSA ranged from 0.21 to 399.2 ng/ml. Prostate histology showed 3.1% acinar adenocarcinoma, 24.7% adenocarcinoma and 72.2% benign prostatic hyperplasia. The median PSA amongst pa- tients with malignant and non-malignant prostates were 15.8 ng/ml and 6.07 ng/ml respectively. Serum PSA level was signifi- cantly higher in patients with malignant prostate histology (Difference of mean= 9.7; p=0.001).
Conclusion: Patients with LUTS and PSA levels of 15ng/ml or more were more likely to have malignant prostate histology.
Keywords: Prostate specific antigen; Prostate cancer.
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Katib, Atif, Bassem Dakkak i Mohammad Aldosari. "A massive benign prostate delivered intact: a case report". Journal of Ideas in Health 6, nr 4 (23.11.2023): 959–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47108/jidhealth.vol6.iss4.312.
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Background: Benign prostatic enlargement (BPH) is an age-related condition. Males above the age of 40 years commonly experience lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) related to the progressively growing prostate. BPH is coined by a deterioration in the quality of the patient`s life. Medicines along with advanced surgical procedures may not be suitable for treating oversized prostate glands. Case presentation: A 84-years-old man presented to the urology clinic with severe LUTS that are getting worse over 2 years. He was never catheterized. Medicinal treatments failed to alleviate the symptoms. He has no past medical or surgical history of significance. Prostate ultrasonography revealed a huge prostate of 340cc. He underwent open prostatectomy and enjoyed an uneventful post-operative hospital stay. Histology showed a benign nodular prostatic hyperplasia. Conclusion: This case presents one of the largest prostates reported in the literature.
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Hall, M., D. D. Mickey, A. S. Wenger i L. M. Silverman. "Adenylate kinase: an oncodevelopmental marker in an animal model for human prostatic cancer." Clinical Chemistry 31, nr 10 (1.10.1985): 1689–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/31.10.1689.
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Abstract Data are presented demonstrating that adenylate kinase (AK; EC 2.7.4.3) is an oncodevelopmental enzyme in the prostate of Copenhagen rats. We selected the Dunning tumor (dorsal rat prostate) as a model system because it most nearly approximates the human pathology. Four sublines of the tumor (R3327-H, R3327-AT, MAT Lu, and MAT LyLu) were studied. The tumor sublines were maintained as solid tumors in syngeneic rats and as monolayers in tissue culture. AK activity appeared in conjunction with malignant transformation of the dorsal prostate. We also determined the normal developmental enzyme pattern: AK was present in prostates of newborns, but was undetectable in prostates of adults. However, AK increased after castration. Therefore, we propose AK as a potential oncofetal tumor marker in prostatic cancer.
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Lotan, Yair, Xiao C. Xu, Moshe Shalev, Reuben Lotan, Russell Williams, Thomas M. Wheeler, Timothy C. Thompson i Dov Kadmon. "Differential Expression of Nuclear Retinoid Receptors in Normal and Malignant Prostates". Journal of Clinical Oncology 18, nr 1 (1.01.2000): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2000.18.1.116.
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PURPOSE: To determine (1) whether nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are differentially expressed in normal and in cancerous human prostate tissues and (2) whether oral fenretinide therapy impacts the expression of these receptors in prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In situ hybridization with antisense riboprobes was used to probe for RAR and RXR transcripts in prostate tissues in a two-phased study: (1) expression of retinoid receptors in eight normal prostates was compared with their expression in 10 randomly picked radical prostatectomy specimens (group A); (2) expression of retinoid receptors was determined in 22 radical prostatectomy specimens from participants in a clinical study (group B). Twelve patients received oral fenretinide 200 mg/d, and 10 received placebo pills for 28 days before surgery. RESULTS: RARα, RARγ, RXRα, and RXRγ mRNAs were detected in most normal and cancerous prostates. In group A, RARβ mRNA was expressed in only four of 10 malignant prostates but was present in seven of eight benign prostates (P = .05). RXRβ mRNA was expressed in four of eight benign prostates and in zero of 10 malignant prostates (P = .023). In group B prostates, RARβ and RXRβ mRNAs were markedly reduced in all cancers and in the adjacent, nonmalignant tissue. There were no differences between receptor expression in the fenretinide-treated group and the placebo group. CONCLUSION: RARβ and RXRβ mRNAs are selectively lost in both prostate cancer and adjacent morphologically normal prostatic tissue, supporting the concept of a field of carcinogenesis. One month of oral fenretinide (200 mg/d) did not influence the expression of retinoid receptors in prostate cancer.
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Hsu, Sheng-Lung, Hsien-Hui Chung, I.-Hung Chen i Yat-Ching Tong. "Alteration of Loperamide-Induced Prostate Relaxation in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats". Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/517836.
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Objective. To investigate the change of loperamide-induced prostate relaxation in rats fed with high-fat diet (HFD).Materials and Methods. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups: (1) control rats fed with normal chow and (2) rats fed with HFD for 6 months. The prostate was removed for histology study. Isolated prostate strips were hung in organ bath and precontracted with 1 μmol/L phenylephrine or 50 mmol/L KCl. The relaxation responses to loperamide 0.1 to 10 μmol/L were recorded. Western blotting analyses were performed for prostateμ-opioid receptors (MOR) and ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel proteins: sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) and inwardly rectifying potassium channel (Kir) 6.2 subunits.Results. Body weight, prostate weight, plasma levels of glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and cholesterol, as well as systolic blood pressure, were significantly increased in the HFD rats. Histology showed prostatic hyperplasia in the HFD rat prostate. Prostatic relaxation induced by loperamide was markedly reduced in HFD when compared to the control. Protein expressions of MOR, SUR, and Kir 6.2 were decreased in HFD-fed rats.Conclusion. Loperamide-induced prostate relaxation is decreased in HFD rats due to reduced MOR andKATPchannel expressions.
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Aarathi Redd, Tummala, Sreevidhya JS i Faizaan Ahmed Siddiqui. "Homoeopathic Approach to Benign Prostate Hypertrophy". International Journal of Research and Review 10, nr 8 (9.08.2023): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230809.
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Benign prostatic hyperplasia is one of the common medical conditions affecting the geriatric male. This causes dysuria, constant urgency to urinate, frequent urination and retention of urine, which makes it difficult to carry out daily tasks as usual. BPH can develop when the transitional zone of the prostate’s stromal and epithelial cells proliferates due to processes through to be driven by inflammation and sex hormones leading to prostate enlargement for the majority of patient, Treatment options for men with BPH begin with careful wating and continue from medication to surgical intervention. The beginning point on the treatment pathway will be determined by the patient’s symptoms and the severity. With Homeopathy, we can reduce the conversion of testosterone into Dihydrotestosterone and increasing level of estrogen. Keywords: Benign prostate hypertrophy, Homoeopathy, Prostate, Benign prostatic enlargement.
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Patrick Opoku Maison, Douglas Arthur, Alvin Asante-Asamani i Patrick Kafui Akakpo. "An Analysis of Prostate Biopsy Results at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana". International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Invention 9, nr 10 (23.10.2022): 6281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijmsci/v9i10.03.
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Introduction: Prostate cancer is the commonly diagnosed male cancer worldwide. The best technique for the diagnosis of prostate cancer is prostate biopsy. Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsy of the prostate enhances early diagnosis of prostate cancers. Objective: The aim of the study is to describe the clinical and pathological characteristics of Prostate cancers as seen at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital Materials and Methods: A total of 62 patients who underwent TRUS-guided prostatic biopsy over a period of 3 years (January 2019- December 2021) participated in the study. Their data were analyzed retrospectively using the archives of the pathology department of the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital. Results: Of the 62 patients who underwent TRUS-guided prostrate biopsy from January 2019 to December 2021, their mean age was 68.3 with an age range of 34-89 years. 67.7% had adenocarcinoma of the prostate, 1.6% had spindle cell cancer, 24.2% had benign prostate hyperplasia and 6.5% had chronic prostatitis. Conclusion: The indications for prostate biopsy in our center detect more patients with prostate cancer than other prostate pathologies. The serum PSA significantly correlated with the Gleason grade.
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Martyn, H., K. Pugazhenthi, B. McLeod i H. D. Nicholson. "229. Identification of transforming growth factor beta2 (TGF-β2) and its receptors TGF-βRI and TGF-βRII in the possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) prostate: evidence of seasonal changes". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20, nr 9 (2008): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb08abs229.
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Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia is an enlargement of the prostate affecting the ageing male population. The common Brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) has been identified as a possible model to study factors regulating prostate growth because its prostate grows and regresses seasonally. Transforming growth factor Beta 2 (TGF-β2) is present in human prostatic tissue. In vitro, TGF-β inhibits epithelial cell, but stimulates stromal cell proliferation (Mori et al. 1990). TGF-β2 binds to TGF-β receptor II (TGF-βRII), which then recruits the type 1 receptor (TGF-βRI) (Saez et al. 1998) The aim of this study was to identify any seasonal changes in expression of TGF-β2 and its receptors in the possum prostate. Six wild-caught possums were sacrificed in each of the months of January, March, May, July, September and November. The prostates were divided into a cranial and caudal region and immunohistochemistry and Western Blot analysis performed. In each animal the glandular and periurethral areas of the caudal and cranial prostates were examined separately. Immunohistochemistry identified the presence of TGF-β2 in both the stromal and epithelial cells of the glandular and periurethral areas of the cranial and caudal regions. In the cranial tissue, more immuno-positive stromal cells than epithelial cells were present, whereas in the caudal tissue immuno-reactivity was predominantly localised to the epithelial cells. Analysis of the western blots suggested that TGF-β2 expression was lowest immediately before and during the breeding season (March, May). Both TGF-βRI and TGF-βRII were identified in all regions of the prostate. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry revealed that the receptors were co-localised in the epithelial and stromal cells in all areas. TGF-β2 and its receptors are present in the possum prostate. TGF-β2 localisation varies between the caudal and cranial regions and as predicted from in vitro experiments TGF-β2 expression decreases during prostate growth. (1) Mori H. et al. (1990). The Prostate, 16, 71 - 80. (2) Saez C. et al. (1998). The Prostate, 37, 84 - 90.
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Ceyhan, Yasemin, Manqi Zhang i Irina U. Agoulnik. "Abstract 815: Regulation of p53 by INPP4B and high fat diet in mouse prostate". Cancer Research 82, nr 12_Supplement (15.06.2022): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-815.
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Abstract Obesity is one of the risk factors for prostate neoplasia development, however the underlying molecular mechanisms that link obesity and prostate cancer remain elusive. The roles of AR, p53, EZH2, INPP4B, and PTEN are implicated in prostate cancer etiology. Androgen receptor (AR) signaling interacts functionally with PTEN, INPP4B, EZH2, and p53 signaling in prostate epithelium, and its transcriptional activity is reprogrammed by changes in the levels of these proteins during prostate cancer progression. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and Inositol Polyphosphate 4-Phosphatase Type-II B (INPP4B) are dual specificity phosphatases which are tumor suppressors in prostate cancer and are lost in nearly half of advanced castration resistant prostate cancers (CRPC). p53 is also a tumor suppressor gene that is frequently inactivated in prostate cancers. Enhancer of Zeste 2 (EZH2) is an epigenetic silencer that increases methylation of histone H3 on K27 and K9 residues and acts as an oncogene in CRPC. We have previously shown that INPP4B inhibits the Akt and PKC signaling pathways, which are activated in obesity. Using an Inpp4b-deficient mouse model, we showed that three-month-old Inpp4b-/- males developed prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) when fed a high fat diet (HFD). While the AR protein levels were not altered, the transcriptional activity of AR was reduced in the prostates of Inpp4b-/- males. Furthermore, the prostates of HFD-fed Inpp4b-/- males exhibited increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and macrophage infiltration. It was previously reported that indolent nature of the prostate neoplasia, which is caused by prostate specific Pten knockout, is due to the compensatory increase in other tumor suppressor proteins, such as p53, SMAD4, and PML. Concomitant with Pten, knockout of these individual tumor suppressors led to drastic acceleration of prostate neoplasia. Similar to prostates of Pten-/- mice, p53 levels increased in Inpp4b-/- males fed a low fat diet (LFD). Unlike males fed LFD, p53 protein levels decreased in HFD fed Inpp4b-/- mice, consistent with the development of PIN in this group. EZH2 levels as well as the levels of its targets, H3K27me3 and H3K9me2, decreased in ventral prostates of the Inpp4b-/- males and that decrease was exacerbated by the HFD. Similar to our mouse model, we observed significant positive correlation between the INPP4B and EZH2 expression in the prostates of healthy men and prostate cancer patients. In summary, we showed that loss of INPP4B synergizes with the HFD in reprogramming AR activity, reduction of EZH2 levels, and increases inflammation. Importantly, HFD reverses compensatory increase in p53 protein levels in prostates of Inpp4b-/- males. These alterations contribute to the development of PIN in the prostates of HFD-fed Inpp4b-/- males. Citation Format: Yasemin Ceyhan, Manqi Zhang, Irina U. Agoulnik. Regulation of p53 by INPP4B and high fat diet in mouse prostate [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 815.
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Sarabia Alcocer, Betty, Baldemar Ake Canche, Lidia Maria Maas Ortegon, Roman Alberto Perez Balan, Carlos Armando Chan Keb, Rafael Manuel de Jesus Mex Alvarez, Patricia Margarita Garma Quen, Tomas Joel Lopez Gutierrez i Angel Arturo Ake Ordonez. "SELF-ESTEEM IN PATIENTS WITH PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA". International Journal of Advanced Research 8, nr 12 (31.12.2020): 499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12176.
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The benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a (noncancerous) malignant growth in the size of the prostate. This enlargement of the prostate gland is produced by a relative increase in estrogen (female hormones) on testosterone (male hormone), which appears in men with age. Objective:To determine the relationship of PSA, with the size of the prostate in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia admitted to General Hospital of Escarcega, Campeche Dr. Janel Aguilar during the period from August 2019 to January 2020. Method:patients were studied with the diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia 50 years of age and older and excluded those who had other diseases that may alter prostate specific antigen, subsequently classified by age determined through PSA ultrasound prostate-specific and the average size of the prostate in grams and the average PSA for each age range and the relationship between them, while describes how it affects their self-esteem was determined. Results:Of the patients studied, 22 belong to the range of 50 to 59 years old (51.16%), 14 to range from 60 to 69 years old (32.55%) and 7 to range from 70 to 79 years old ( 16.27%). 44.1% of patients presented a prostate of 50 grams, the 51.16% prostates 60 grams and 4.6% a prostate gland of 70 grams. The average size of the prostate in grams was 50 grams in the range 50 to 59 years old, 60 g in the range 60 to 69 years old and 60 grams in the range of 70 to 79 years, and the average value of PSA was 5.5 ng / ml, 6 ng / ml and 7.5 ng / ml respectively. In the range 50 to 59 years of age every gram prostate equivalent to 0.11 ng / ml of PSA in the range 60 to 69 years of age every gram prostate equivalent to 0.1 ng / ml of PSA and the range 70 to 79 years old every gram of prostate equivalent to 0.125 ng / ml of PSA. Similarly we find that the entire population 72% have low self-esteem and problems with its image. Conclusions:In our environment in the group of 50-59 years old is the highest number of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
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Syavica, Mirra. "Efektivitas Penggunaan Obat Tamsulosin Untuk Pasien Pembesaran Prostat Jinak (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia) Di Rumah Sakit Graha Husada Singgahan Tuban". FASKES : Jurnal Farmasi, Kesehatan, dan Sains 1, nr 2 (29.08.2023): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32665/faskes.v1i2.1947.
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Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) adalah transisizona prostat yang terjadi pembesaran yang dapat menyebabkan gejala saluran kemih bagian bawahdan dapat menyebabkan obstruksi saluran keluar kandung kemih pada pria. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan deskriptif kualitatif. Dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui perawatan pasiendan efektivitas penggunaan obat tamsulosinkelenjar prostat jinak ( Benign Prostate Hyperplasia )Di Rumah Sakit Graha Husada Singgahan Tuban. Perawatan pasien kelenjar prostat jinak ( Benign Prostate Hyperplasia ) di Rumah Sakit Graha Husada Singgahan dilakukan dengan 2 cara yaitu, pemberian obat tamsulosin dengan kasus gejala ringan, pemberian obat tamsulosin dan pemeriksaan penunjang gejala sedang, pemberian obat tamsulosin pemeriksaan penunjang dan tindakan operasi TURP dengan kasus gejala berat. Penggunaan obat tamsulosin untuk pasien pembesaran prostat jinak (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia) cukup efektif dalam penyembuhan penyakit BPH hal tersebut terbukti dalam sebelum dan sesudah pemberian tamsulosin, sebelum pemberian obat tamsulosin pasien merasakan harus mengejan untuk mulai kencing dengan jumlah keluhan 18 pasien dengan presentase 36%. Lalu setelah pemberian obat tamsulosin keluhan pasien sudah mulai ringan diantaranya 18 pasien dengan presentase 36% tidak merasakan harus kembali kencing.
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Wang, Xiao, Weixiang He, Hui Chen, Rui Yang, Hongmei Su, Michael E. DiSanto i Xinhua Zhang. "Alteration of the Expression and Functional Activities of Myosin II Isoforms in Enlarged Hyperplastic Prostates". Journal of Personalized Medicine 14, nr 4 (1.04.2024): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm14040381.
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Introduction: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common pathologic process in aging men, and the contraction of the prostatic smooth muscles (SMs) in the stroma plays a vital role in this pathogenesis, leading to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs). The isoforms of both the SM myosin (SMM) and non-muscle myosin (NMM) are associated with the contraction type of the prostatic SMs, but the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Methods: We collected prostate tissues from 30 BPH patients receiving surgical treatments, and normal human prostate samples were obtained from 12 brain-dead men. A testosterone-induced (T-induced) rat model was built, and the epithelial hyperplastic prostates were harvested. Competitive RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of SMM isoforms. We investigated the contractility of human prostate strips in vitro in an organ bath. Results: The results regarding the comparisons of SMM isoforms varied between rat models and human samples. In comparison with T-induced rats and controls, competitive RT-PCR failed to show any statistically significant difference regarding the compositions of SMM isoforms. For human prostates samples, BPH patients expressed more SM-1 isoforms (66.8% vs. 60.0%, p < 0.001) and myosin light chain-17b (MLC17b) (35.9% vs. 28.5%, p < 0.05) when compared to young donors. There was a significant decrease in prostate myosin heavy chain (MHC) expression in BPH patients, with a 66.4% decrease in MHC at the mRNA level and a 51.2% decrease at the protein level. The upregulated expression of non-muscle myosin heavy chain-B (NMMHC-B) was 1.6-fold at the mRNA level and 2.1-fold at the protein level. The organ bath study showed that isolated prostate strips from BPH patients produced slower tonic contraction compared to normal humans. Conclusion: In this study, we claim that in the enlarged prostates of patients undergoing surgeries, MHC expression significantly decreased compared to normal tissues, with elevated levels of SM-1, MLC17b, and NMMHC-B isoforms. Modifications in SMM and NMM might play a role in the tonic contractile properties of prostatic SMs and the development of LUTS/BPH. Understanding this mechanism might provide insights into the origins of LUTS/BPH and facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Elterman, Dean, Peter Gilling, Claus Roehrborn, Neil Barber, Vincent Misrai, Kevin C. Zorn, Naeem Bhojani i in. "Meta-analysis with individual data of functional outcomes following Aquablation for lower urinary tract symptoms due to BPH in various prostate anatomies". BMJ Surgery, Interventions, & Health Technologies 3, nr 1 (czerwiec 2021): e000090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsit-2021-000090.
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ObjectivesTo evaluate functional outcomes following Aquablation in various prostate volume and anatomical subgroups.DesignA meta-analysis with individual patient data undergoing Aquablation therapy from four prospective, global, clinical studies that have been conducted with Aquablation; WATER, WATER II, FRANCAIS WATER and OPEN WATER.SettingAustralia, Canada, Lebanon, Germany, New Zealand, UK and the USA.Participants425 men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with 1-year follow-up.InterventionsAquablation therapy is an ultrasound guided, robotically executed waterjet ablative procedure for the prostate.Main outcome measuresThe analyses focus International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), uroflowmetry, postoperative Incontinence Severity Index (ISI) and surgical retreatment.Results425 men with prostates ranging in size from 20 to 150 mL underwent Aquablation therapy. The outcomes from the seven questions in the IPSS questionnaire were grouped by the following; prostates <100 mL, prostates ≥100 mL, prostate anatomy with an obstructive median lobe identifed by imaging, and prostate anatomy without an obstructive median lobe. Regardless of subgroup, all outcomes are consistent and demonstrate a significant improvement from baseline. Specifically, improvements in frequency, urgency and nocturia demonstrated bladder function improvement. Patients entering treatment with severe incontinence, ISI score >4, and regardless of prostate size, showed a reduction in incontinence during patient follow-up. Surgical retreatment due to BPH symptoms occurred in 0.7% (95% CI 0.1%–2.0%).ConclusionsAcross a variety of prostate anatomies, Aquablation therapy showed remarkable functional improvements following the index procedure. Additionally, men with moderate to severe LUTS/BPH and overactive bladder resulting in urge incontinence showed a reduction in incontinence symptoms postprocedure.
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Eze, Balantine U., Anthony C. Nevo, Chijioke C. Anekpo i Sunday G. Mba. "Transvesical Prostatectomy after Transurethral Resection- Need for Retention of Skills for Open Prostatectomy: A Case Report". European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 3, nr 4 (13.07.2021): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2021.3.4.940.
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Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common cause of bladder outlet obstruction BPH. Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) remains the gold standard of surgical therapy but have limitations in handling large prostates. We report a case of a patient with a large prostate that had TURP, later developed acute urinary retention and subsequently had transvesical prostatectomy with a good outcome. There is need for retention of skills for open prostatectomy despite the crave for acquisition of endoscopic/ minimally invasive skills.
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Woodham, Carl, Lynn Birch i Gail S. Prins. "Neonatal Estrogen Down-Regulates Prostatic Androgen Receptor through a Proteosome-Mediated Protein Degradation Pathway". Endocrinology 144, nr 11 (1.11.2003): 4841–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2003-0035.
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Abstract Brief exposure of male rats to estrogens during the neonatal period interrupts normal prostate development, alters epithelial cell differentiation, and predisposes this gland to hyperplasia and severe dysplasia analogous to prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) with aging. Previous work demonstrated that the reduced growth, secretory activity, and androgen sensitivity that are observed in the adult ventral lobe are a function of reduced androgen receptor (AR) levels. Down-regulation of AR protein was found to occur immediately following neonatal exposure to estradiol benzoate (EB) and persist through adulthood and aging, indicating a permanent imprint on the ability of the prostate to express normal AR levels. To determine the intracellular mechanism of AR down-regulation by estrogens, the present study examined the effect of neonatal EB on AR gene transcription, mRNA levels, protein translation, and protein degradation in the d 10 ventral prostate glands. Nuclear run-on assays showed no alteration in AR gene transcription following exposure to EB on d 1–5 compared with controls. In situ hybridization and quantitative (q) RT-PCR revealed no difference in mRNA levels in the stromal or epithelial cells in response to estrogen exposure which, taken together, indicate that estrogen down-regulation of AR is mediated at the posttranscriptional level. AR translation was assessed with an in vitro transcription-translation assay in the presence of prostatic lysates from oil and estrogen-exposed animals, and no treatment effect was noted. AR degradation was examined in an in vitro assay validated with adult intact and castrate prostates. Prostatic lysates from intact rats initiated AR degradation with a t1/2 of 2.31 h, whereas proteins from castrate rats accelerated AR degradation to a t1/2 of 1.34 h (P < 0.001). Prostatic lysates from control d 10 prostates induced AR degradation with a t1/2 of 1.49 h, whereas estrogenized prostates increased AR degradation to a t1/2 of 1.11 h (P < 0.001). Proteosome inhibitors MG132 and ALLnL were able to reverse AR degradation induced by prostatic lysates from adult intact and castrate rats as well as from developing and estrogenized prostates, indicating that AR degradation was mediated through the proteosome pathway. Furthermore, the proteosome-mediated AR degradation in the estrogenized d 10 prostate was associated with a marked suppression of Akt phosphorylation that has been linked to AR degradation in other systems. Taken together, the present data show that exposure to neonatal estrogens down-regulates AR protein levels in the ventral prostate gland by accelerating AR degradation, which is mediated through the proteosome pathway.
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Biancardi, Manoel F., Ana P. S. Perez, Cássia Regina Suzuki Caires, Rejane M. Góes, Patrícia S. L. Vilamaior, Fernanda C. A. Santos i Sebastião R. Taboga. "Prenatal exposure to testosterone masculinises the female gerbil and promotes the development of lesions in the prostate (Skene’s gland)". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 27, nr 7 (2015): 1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd13387.
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Androgenic imbalance may disrupt prostate development, leading to morphological alterations in adulthood and predisposing this gland to develop diseases during ageing. However, little is known about the endocrine disruption of the prostate that is caused by androgenic compounds, especially in female experimental models. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the prostates of aged female gerbils exposed to testosterone at certain periods in intrauterine and postnatal life, to determine whether exposure at a particular age increases susceptibility to prostatic lesions in these animals. To this end, morphological, stereological, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analyses were employed. It was found that females exposed to testosterone during intrauterine life were masculinised, showing increased anogenital distance, absence of the vaginal opening and ectopic development of prostatic tissue. Several areas of adenomatous hyperplasia, generally associated with inflammatory foci and mainly located in the ectopic prostatic tissue around the vaginal wall, were also observed. In conclusion, the results showed that abnormal prenatal exposure to testosterone severely affects the reproductive systems of female animals by disrupting normal prostate morphogenesis and increasing susceptibility to the development of prostatic diseases during ageing.
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Hu, Wen-Yang, Parivash Afradiasbagharani, Ranli Lu, Lifeng Liu, Lynn A. Birch i Gail S. Prins. "Morphometric Analysis of Rat Prostate Development: Roles of MEK/ERK and Rho Signaling Pathways in Prostatic Morphogenesis". Biomolecules 11, nr 12 (4.12.2021): 1829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11121829.
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The molecular mechanisms underlying prostate development can provide clues for prostate cancer research. It has been demonstrated that MEK/ERK signaling downstream of androgen-targeted FGF10 signaling directly induces prostatic branching during development, while Rho/Rho-kinase can regulate prostate cell proliferation. MEK/ERK and Rho/Rho kinase regulate myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), and MLCK regulates myosin light chain phosphorylation (MLC-P), which is critical for cell fate, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. However, the roles and crosstalk of the MEK/ERK and Rho/Rho kinase signaling pathways in prostatic morphogenesis have not been examined. In the present study, we used numerical and image analysis to characterize lobe-specific rat prostatic branching during postnatal organ culture and investigated the roles of FGF10-MEK/ERK and Rho/Rho kinase signaling pathways in prostatic morphogenesis. Prostates exhibited distinctive lobe-specific growth and branching patterns in the ventral (VP) and lateral (LP) lobes, while exogenous FGF10 treatment shifted LP branching towards a VP branching pattern. Treatment with inhibitors of MEK1/2, Rho, Rho kinase, or MLCK significantly inhibited VP growth and blocked branching morphogenesis, further supporting critical roles for MEK/ERK and Rho/Rho kinase signaling pathways in prostatic growth and branching during development. We propose that MLCK-regulated MLC-P may be a central downstream target of both signaling pathways in regulating prostate morphogenesis.
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Qureshi, Salman Manzoor, Muhammad Ali Sohail, Mujeeb ur Rehman Sahito i Aijaz Hussain Memon. "To determine the frequency of prostate malignancy in patients with clinically benign prostate". Professional Medical Journal 26, nr 08 (10.08.2019): 1289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.08.3871.
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To see the frequency of prostatic malignancy in patients presenting with clinically benign prostate. Study Design: Descriptive case series. Setting: Department of Urology at Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences for Women / Hospital Nawabshah. Period: Fifteen Months, From October 2016 to December 2017. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients who presented with the clinically benign prostate in Urology OPD were enrolled. All concern data regarding Age, mode of presentation (lower urinary tract symptoms with IPSS score/ Acute retention of urine), comorbid, clinical examination findings, pre voided and post-void residual urine determination (on ultrasonography) were entered. The laboratory investigation includes complete blood count, urea, creatinine, random blood sugar (RBS), urine DR and CS, coagulation profile were performed before TURP.TURP performed under spinal anesthesia. After TURP the prostatic tissue chips were sent for histopathology as a routine. Data was analyzed through SPSS Version 20.0. Results: The average age of males was 71.38± 7.19 yrs. Most of the patients with (IPSS 20-35) BPH have lower urinary tract symptoms (both obstructive and irritative). DRE was done in all patients to estimate the size of the prostrate, it was varying from grade 1 enlarged n= 27(27%), grade 2 enlarged n= 36(36%), to grade 3 enlarged in n=37(37%). There were 3 (3%) cases reported to have prostate cancer, with findings confirmed by biopsy of TURP Specimen. There was no mortality seen in our study. The clinical presentation of patients, grades of enlargements on DRE and IPSS however, demonstrated no correlation. Conclusion: BPH is more common between 60-80yrs. When patient undergo TURP or open prostatectomy, every specimen should be sent for biopsy because prostate cancer is only confirmed by biopsy, so that prostate cancer is detected early Radiology & PSA values are supportive in their role but are not true diagnostic. Prostatic cancer is a significant morbid condition, so effective measures should be taken to detect prostatic cancer, so that patient can be properly treated according to the stage.
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Rita, Roza, Delyuzar i Lidya Imelda Laksmi. "Correlation between AgNOR Expression and Ki-67 Expression with Prostate Adenocarcinoma Grading". Majalah Patologi Indonesia 29, nr 3 (7.09.2020): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.55816/mpi.v29i3.446.
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BackgroundProstate cancer is the second most common cancer and fifth most common cancer cause of death in males. Tissue biopsy is a goldstandard examination to diagnose prostate cancer. One of the hallmarks of cancer is increased activity of cell proliferation. Thisactivity can be detected with Ki-67 and AgNOR (Argyrophilic nucleolar organizing region). The aim of this study is to analyzedcorrelation between AgNOR and Ki-67 expression in grading of prostated adenocarcinoma.MethodsThis analytic cross-sectional study was held in Laboratory of Anatomical Pathology of Medical Faculty of USU/ RSUP H. AdamMalik Medan. Thirty paraffin blocks diagnosed with prostate adenocarcinoma were stained with H&E and p63 immunohistochemistrythen evaluated based on Gleason’s histopathological grading and stained with Agnor and Ki 67.ResultsAgNOR expression yang diperoleh pada grading adenokarsinoma prostat group 1, 2, 3, 4, dan 5 berturut-turut adalah 43; 32,40(±14,54); 64,29 (±28,2); 59,5 (±28,32); 69,22 (±29,26). Ekspresi Ki-67 pada setiap grading adenokarsinoma prostat group 1, 2, 3, 4,dan 5 secara berurutan adalah 43; 32,4 (±14,53); 64,29 (±28,2), 59,5 (±28,31); 69,22 (±29,26). Statistical analyses showed thatthere was no significantly correlation between grading of prostate adenocarcinoma and AgNOR expression (p=0.065), and Ki-67expression (p=0.18). Nevertheless, a significantly correlation between KI-67 expression and grading of prostate adenocarcinomawas found (p=0.34).ConclusionKi-67 could be used as prognostic indicator for prostate adenocarcinoma.
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Kostenkov, Nikolay Yu, Salman Kh Al-Shukri, Refat E. Amdiy, Evgeniy S. Nevirovich, Ilia N. Tkachuk i Andrey V. Novitsky. "Thulium laser enucleation of prostate (ThuLEP): efficacy and safety evaluation in patients with a prostate volume more than 80 cm3". Urology reports (St. - Petersburg) 12, nr 3 (28.10.2022): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/uroved110730.
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BACKGROUND: Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common condition in men over 60 years of age. The gold standard for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia up to 80 cm3 is transurethral resection of the prostate. At the same time, with a prostate volume of more than 80 cm3, the choice of the optimal method of surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia is a matter of debate.
AIM: Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of thulium laser enucleation of the prostate (ThuLEP) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia with a prostate volume of more than 80 cm3.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 75 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia aged 64 to 83 years (mean age 70.4 years) with a prostate volume of 80 to 215 cm3 (mean 123.9 cm3). All patients underwent ThuLEP using a thulium fiber laser FiberLase U1 with a power of 120 W. Control examinations were performed 3 and 6 months after the surgery.
RESULTS: The duration of surgery averaged 84.7 minutes and ranged from 57 to 135 minutes. The duration of the urethral catheter after surgery averaged 2.8 days. The frequency of intra- and postoperative complications was low, none of the patients required blood transfusion, as well as repeated surgery to coagulate the vessels of the prostate bed. In 3 (4%) patients, superficial damage to the bladder wall occurred during marcellation, which required coagulation of the injury site. All recorded complications belonged to groups I and II according to the Clavien Dindo scale. Examinations carried out after 3 and 6 months showed a significant decrease in the severity of voiding disorders, an increase in the quality of life and an improvement in the outflow of urine from the bladder compared with the baseline.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study showed high clinical efficacy and safety of the use of thulium laser enucleation of benign prostatic hyperplasia in patients with prostates more than 80 cm3.
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Yucel, Cem, i Salih Budak. "Association between large prostate calculi and prostate cancer". Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia 90, nr 3 (30.09.2018): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2018.3.181.
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Objective: We investigated the relationship between large prostate calculi and prostate cancer (PCa) risk. Materials and methods: The medical records of 340 patients who received a prostate biopsy at our institution between January 2015 and August 2016 were reviewed retrospectively. Of the patients, 82 had large prostatic calculi visualised by transrectal ultrasonography and 88 did not or had scarce prostatic calculi. We divided these patients into two groups: patients with large prostatic calculi (group 1) and patients without prostatic calculi (group 2). These groups were compared according to age, total prostate specific antigen (PSA) level, prostate volume, and final pathological diagnosis.Results: The mean age of all patients was 61.4 ± 6.2 years, the mean total PSA was 12.3 ± 17.4 ng/mL, the mean prostate volume was 41.7 ± 17.6 mL, and the overall cancer detection rate was 31.5%. The cancer detection rates were 41.3% and 22.6% in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.018). No significant differences in mean age, mean total PSA, or mean prostate volume were observed between the groups. Conclusions: In the present study, large prostatic calculi were associated with PCa. However, more study is needed to examine the relationship between large prostatic calculi and PCa in more detail. The effects of particularly large prostate calculi in the development of PCa will be a necessary focus of future research.
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Letellier, Guy, Marie-José Perez, Mokrane Yacoub, Pierre Levillain, Olivier Cussenot i Gaëlle Fromont. "Epithelial Phenotypes in the Developing Human Prostate". Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 55, nr 9 (3.05.2007): 885–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/jhc.7a7192.2007.
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An intermediate population has been identified among prostate glands called transiently amplifying (TA) cells, which are characterized by coexpression of basal and luminal cytokeratins (CKs), high proliferation, and lack of p27 expression. These cells are rare in the normal adult prostate and increase in pretumoral conditions, but their importance in the developing gland remains unknown. We analyzed fetal prostates for the expression of CKs (5/6, 18, 19) and factors involved in proliferation and apoptosis: p63, Ki67, p27, epidermal growth factor (EGFR), Bcl2, androgen receptor (AR). Immunostaining was performed on a tissue microarray, including 40 prostates from fetuses aged 13-42 weeks and normal prostate tissue from 10 adults. In both solid buds and the basal compartment of canalized glands, cells expressed p63, CK5/6, CK19, CK18, BCL2, EGFR and were p27 negative. Luminal cells of fetal canalized glands continue to express CK19, EGFR, and BCL2, without p27 expression. In contrast, adult epithelial luminal cells showed diffuse AR and p27 expression, without CK19, BCL2, and EGFR staining. Proliferation was high and diffuse in fetal glands and rare and restricted to basal cells in adult glands. These results indicate that most fetal epithelial prostatic cells exhibit the phenotype of TA cells, suggesting their regulatory function in prostate development.
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Mehta, Pritesh, Michela Antonelli, Saurabh Singh, Natalia Grondecka, Edward W. Johnston, Hashim U. Ahmed, Mark Emberton, Shonit Punwani i Sébastien Ourselin. "AutoProstate: Towards Automated Reporting of Prostate MRI for Prostate Cancer Assessment Using Deep Learning". Cancers 13, nr 23 (6.12.2021): 6138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13236138.
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Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the prostate is used by radiologists to identify, score, and stage abnormalities that may correspond to clinically significant prostate cancer (CSPCa). Automatic assessment of prostate mpMRI using artificial intelligence algorithms may facilitate a reduction in missed cancers and unnecessary biopsies, an increase in inter-observer agreement between radiologists, and an improvement in reporting quality. In this work, we introduce AutoProstate, a deep learning-powered framework for automatic MRI-based prostate cancer assessment. AutoProstate comprises of three modules: Zone-Segmenter, CSPCa-Segmenter, and Report-Generator. Zone-Segmenter segments the prostatic zones on T2-weighted imaging, CSPCa-Segmenter detects and segments CSPCa lesions using biparametric MRI, and Report-Generator generates an automatic web-based report containing four sections: Patient Details, Prostate Size and PSA Density, Clinically Significant Lesion Candidates, and Findings Summary. In our experiment, AutoProstate was trained using the publicly available PROSTATEx dataset, and externally validated using the PICTURE dataset. Moreover, the performance of AutoProstate was compared to the performance of an experienced radiologist who prospectively read PICTURE dataset cases. In comparison to the radiologist, AutoProstate showed statistically significant improvements in prostate volume and prostate-specific antigen density estimation. Furthermore, AutoProstate matched the CSPCa lesion detection sensitivity of the radiologist, which is paramount, but produced more false positive detections.
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Royuela, M., MP de Miguel, FR Bethencourt, M. Sanchez-Chapado, B. Fraile, MI Arenas i R. Paniagua. "Estrogen receptors alpha and beta in the normal, hyperplastic and carcinomatous human prostate". Journal of Endocrinology 168, nr 3 (1.03.2001): 447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1680447.
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Two different estrogen receptors (ER-alpha and ER-beta) have been described, which are differentially involved in regulating the normal function of reproductive tissues. ER-alpha was considered for a long time to be the only estrogen receptor, and it has been detected in the stromal cells of the human prostate but not in the epithelium. To obtain new information about the differential effects of both receptor types, we have investigated their localization in normal prostates, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostatic cancer (PC) by immunohistochemistry, ELISA and Western blot. Epithelial immunostaining was absent in normal prostates and was present in BPH (10% of cells) and PC (80% of cells), whereas about 15% of stromal cells were positively immunostained for ER-alpha in the three types of prostatic specimens studied. Epithelial immunostaining for ER-beta was detected in normal prostates (13% of cells), BPH (30% of cells) and PC (79% of cells), whereas stromal immunostaining for ER-beta was absent in normal and hyperplastic prostates and was present in PC (12% of cells). The complementary presence of both receptor types in the normal prostate (ER-beta in the epithelium and ER-alpha in the stroma) might explain the mechanism of estrogen action in the development of BPH. The increased epithelial immunostaining for both ER-alpha and ER-beta in BPH and PC suggests that the involvement of estrogen receptors in hyperplasia and cancer concerns mainly the epithelium.
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Calderón, Luis Gabriel Rivera, Priscila Emiko Kobayashi, Rosemeri Oliveira Vasconcelos, Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves i Renée Laufer-Amorim. "Characterization of Collagen Fibers (I, III, IV) and Elastin of Normal and Neoplastic Canine Prostatic Tissues". Veterinary Sciences 6, nr 1 (2.03.2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci6010022.
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This study aimed to investigate collagen (Coll-I, III, IV) and elastin in canine normal prostate and prostate cancer (PC) using Picrosirius red (PSR) and Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. Eight normal prostates and 10 PC from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples were used. Collagen fibers area was analyzed with ImageJ software. The distribution of Coll-I and Coll-III was approximately 80% around prostatic ducts and acini, 15% among smooth muscle, and 5% surrounding blood vessels, in both normal prostate and PC. There was a higher median area of Coll-III in PC when compared to normal prostatic tissue (p = 0.001 for PSR and p = 0.05 for IHC). Immunostaining for Coll-IV was observed in the basal membrane of prostate acini, smooth muscle, blood vessels, and nerve fibers of normal and PC samples. Although there was no difference in Coll-IV area between normal tissue and PC, tumors with Gleason score 10 showed absence of Coll-IV, when compared to scores 6 and 8 (p = 0.0095). Elastic fibers were found in the septa dividing the lobules and around the prostatic acini of normal samples and were statistically higher in PC compared to normal tissue (p = 0.00229). Investigation of ECM components brings new information and should be correlated with prognosis in future studies.
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Kindblom, Jon, Karin Dillner, Lena Sahlin, Fiona Robertson, Christopher Ormandy, Jan Törnell i Håkan Wennbo. "Prostate Hyperplasia in a Transgenic Mouse with Prostate-Specific Expression of Prolactin". Endocrinology 144, nr 6 (1.06.2003): 2269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2002-0187.
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Abstract Prolactin (PRL) is one of several polypeptide factors known to exert trophic effects on the prostate. We have previously reported a dramatic prostate enlargement with concurrent chronic hyperprolactinemia and elevated serum androgen levels in a PRL transgenic mouse (Mt-PRL) with ubiquitous expression of the transgene. To address the role of local PRL action in the prostate, a new transgenic mouse model (Pb-PRL) was generated using the prostate-specific rat probasin (Pb) minimal promoter to drive expression of the rat PRL gene. Pb-PRL transgenic males developed a significant enlargement of both the dorsolateral and ventral prostate lobes evident from 10 wk of age and increasing with age. Expression of the transgene was restricted to the prostate and detected from 4 wk of age. Low levels of transgenic rat PRL were detectable in the serum of adult Pb-PRL animals. Serum androgen levels were normal. The Pb-PRL prostate displayed significant stromal hyperplasia, ductal dilation, and focal areas of epithelial dysplasia. Quantitative analysis of prostatic tissue cellularity demonstrated a marked increase in the stromal to epithelial ratio in all lobes of Mt-PRL and Pb-PRL transgenic prostates compared with controls. Microdissections demonstrated an increased ductal morphogenesis in dorsolateral and ventral prostate lobes of Mt-PRL prostate vs. Pb-PRL and controls. In conclusion, this study indicates the ability of PRL to promote, directly or indirectly, ductal morphogenesis in the developing prostate and further to induce abnormal growth primarily of the stroma in the adult gland in a setting of normal androgen levels.
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Hammer, Steven J., Daniel W. Good, Paul Scanlan, Javier Palacio-Torralba, Simon Phipps, Grant D. Stewart, Will Shu, Yuhang Chen, S. Alan McNeill i Robert L. Reuben. "Quantitative mechanical assessment of the whole prostate gland ex vivo using dynamic instrumented palpation". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 231, nr 12 (30.09.2017): 1081–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411917734257.
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An instrumented palpation sensor, designed for measuring the dynamic modulus of tissue in vivo, has been developed and trialled on ex vivo whole prostate glands. The sensor consists of a flexible membrane sensor/actuator with an embedded strain gauge and is actuated using a dynamically varying airflow at frequencies of 1 and 5 Hz. The device was calibrated using an indentation stiffness measurement rig and gelatine samples with a range of static modulus similar to that reported in the literature for prostate tissue. The glands were removed from patients with diagnosed prostate cancer scheduled for radical prostatectomy, and the stiffness was measured within 30 min of surgical removal. Each prostate was later examined histologically in a column immediately below each indentation point and graded into one of the four groups; normal, benign prostatic hyperplasia, cancerous and mixed cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. In total, 11 prostates were assessed using multiple point probing, and the complex modulus at 1 and 5 Hz was calculated on a point-by-point basis. The device yielded values of quasi-static modulus of 15 ± 0.5 kPa and dynamic modulus of 20 ± 0.5 kPa for whole prostates, and a sensitivity of up to 80% with slightly lower specificity was achieved on diagnosis of prostate cancer using a combination of mechanical measures. This assessment did not take into account some obvious factors such as edge effects, overlap and clinical significance of the cancer, all of which would improve performance. The device, as currently configured, is immediately deployable in vivo. A number of improvements are also identified which could improve the sensitivity and specificity in future embodiments of the probe.
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Alaverdyan, A. I., A. V. Govorov, A. О. Vasilyev, K. B. Kolontarev, E. A. Prilepskaya i D. Yu Pushkar. "Experience of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy after hemiablation of the prostate with high-intensity focused ultrasound using the Focal One robotic platform: clinical case". Cancer Urology 19, nr 4 (27.02.2024): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-125-130.
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As new methods of focal treatment become more and more popular in the treatment of prostate cancer, cases of ineffective treatment are gradually revealed, which require correction in the volume of surgical or other method of treatment.The article describes experience of radical treatment of prostate cancer in case of local recurrence of the disease after ultrasound ablation of the prostate.A 58-year-old man who 1 year ago had undergone high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) hemiablation of the left prostatic lobe using Focal One robotic platrform due to prostate adenocarcinoma was examined 1 year after the operation. Total prostate-specific antigen blood level was 5.45 ng/mL. The patient underwent a control transrectal biopsy of the prostate from 12 cores, which revealed recurrence of the disease in the contralateral (previously untreated) prostate lobe. The patient underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Operative time was 80 minutes. The patient was discharged from the hospital on the 7th day with no postoperative complications. The urethral catheter was removed on the 6th day after control CT cystography. Erectile function and urine retention were preserved. Total prostate-specific antigen level after 6 months of follow-up did not exceed 0.02 ng/mL.Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy is an effective and safe method of treatment in patients with recurrent prostatic adenocarcinoma after HIFU if performed by a surgeon with sufficient experience in robot-assisted surgery.
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Shabisgh, Ahmad, Nozomu Tanji, Vivette D’Agati, Martin Burchardt, Mark Rubin, Erik T. Goluboff, Daniel Heitjan, Alex Kiss i Ralph Buttyan. "Early Effects of Castration on the Vascular System of the Rat Ventral Prostate Gland*". Endocrinology 140, nr 4 (1.04.1999): 1920–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo.140.4.6644.
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Abstract Recent studies have found that blood flow to the rat ventral prostate gland is drastically reduced at an early time after castration. These observations caused us to reevaluate the effects of castration on the various cell populations of the ventral prostate, especially those in the prostatic vascular system. Sections of ventral prostate glands obtained at different times after castration were analyzed using the TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick END labeling) staining method to quantify apoptosis in different cell types. The results of this analysis showed a significant increase in TUNEL staining of prostate endothelial and (nonendothelial) stromal cells as early as 12 h postcastration that continued to 24 h after castration. In contrast, TUNEL labeling of prostate epithelial cells was not significantly increased compared with control values until 72 h after castration. The use of dual immunohistochemical staining procedures (anti-CD31 for endothelial cells or antismooth muscle actin for smooth muscle cells combined with TUNEL labeling) allowed us to confirm that the TUNEL-positive vascular cells at these early times after castration were endothelial in nature, whereas smooth muscle cells surrounding the prostate glands or portions of the afferent vascular endothelium were rarely TUNEL labeled. Electron microscopic evaluation of ventral prostate tissues at 48 h after castration provided further morphological evidence for the occurrence of apoptosis in prostate endothelial cells. Finally, the Lendrum-Fraser histochemical procedure used to identify fibrin leakage in tissues with vascular damage was applied to sections of the ventral prostate gland. This stain revealed diffuse fibrin accumulation in periglandular areas outside the capillaries and blood vessels in prostates from 24-h castrated rats, but not in prostates of sham-operated rats. Our results confirm an early effect of castration on the vascular system of the rat ventral prostate identified by increased apoptosis of endothelial cells and vascular leakiness. As these changes temporally precede the loss of epithelial cells, we propose that they may be causal rather than incidental to regression of the rat ventral prostate after castration.
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Bronte, Vincenzo, Tihana Kasic, Giorgia Gri, Keti Gallana, Giovanna Borsellino, Ilaria Marigo, Luca Battistini i in. "Boosting antitumor responses of T lymphocytes infiltrating human prostate cancers". Journal of Experimental Medicine 201, nr 8 (11.04.2005): 1257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20042028.
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Immunotherapy may provide valid alternative therapy for patients with hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer. However, if the tumor environment exerts a suppressive action on antigen-specific tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), immunotherapy will achieve little, if any, success. In this study, we analyzed the modulation of TIL responses by the tumor environment using collagen gel matrix–supported organ cultures of human prostate carcinomas. Our results indicate that human prostatic adenocarcinomas are infiltrated by terminally differentiated cytotoxic T lymphocytes that are, however, in an unresponsive status. We demonstrate the presence of high levels of nitrotyrosines in prostatic TIL, suggesting a local production of peroxynitrites. By inhibiting the activity of arginase and nitric oxide synthase, key enzymes of L-arginine metabolism that are highly expressed in malignant but not in normal prostates, reduced tyrosine nitration and restoration of TIL responsiveness to tumor were achieved. The metabolic control exerted by the tumor on TIL function was confirmed in a transgenic mouse prostate model, which exhibits similarities with human prostate cancer. These results identify a novel and dominant mechanism by which cancers induce immunosuppression in situ and suggest novel strategies for tumor immunotherapy.