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Ambrosini, Gina L. "Dietary risk factors for prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia". University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0135.
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[Truncated abstract] This thesis examines the potential role of dietary intake in the development of two common conditions affecting the prostate gland; prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Diet is of interest as a potential risk factor for prostate cancer because of geographical variations in prostate cancer incidence and increased prostate cancer risks associated with migration from Asian to western countries. Some geographical variation has been suggested for BPH, but this is less certain. However, both prostate cancer and BPH have potential links with diet through their positive associations with sex hormone levels, metabolic syndrome, increased insulin levels and chronic inflammation. In addition, zinc is an essential dietary micronutrient required for semen production in the prostate gland. The original work for this thesis is presented in six manuscripts of which, four have been published in peer-reviewed journals (at the time of thesis completion). BPH investigated in this thesis is defined as surgically-treated BPH. The following hypotheses were investigated. Regarding foods, nutrients and the risk of prostate cancer and BPH: 1. Increasing intakes of fruits, vegetables and zinc are inversely associated with the risk of prostate cancer and BPH 2. Increasing intakes of total fat and calcium are positively associated with the risk of prostate cancer and BPH. 3. Dietary patterns characterised by high meat, processed meat, calcium and fat content are positively associated with the risk of prostate cancer and BPH. 4. Dietary patterns characterised by high fruit and vegetable and low meat content are inversely associated with the risk of prostate cancer and BPH. v Regarding methodological issues related to the study of diet-disease relationships: 5. Dietary patterns (overall diet) elicited from principal components analysis yield stronger diet-disease associations than when studying isolated nutrients. 6. Remotely recalled dietary intake is reliable enough to be used in studies of chronic disease with long latency periods, such as prostate cancer and BPH. Methods: Data from two studies was used to address the hypotheses above. ... Based on the literature reviewed and the original work for this thesis, the most important dietary risk factors for prostate cancer and BPH appear to be those common to western style diets, i.e. diets high in red meat, processed meat, refined grains, dairy products, and low in fruit and vegetables. This type of diet is likely to result in marginal intakes of antioxidants and fibre, excess intakes of fat and possibly, moderate intakes of carcinogens associated with processed meat and meat cooked at high temperatures. These dietary factors have been linked with biomarkers of inflammation, and they support the hypotheses that chronic inflammation is involved in the development of both prostate cancer and BPH. In addition, this work builds on evidence that zinc is an important factor in prostate health. There is scope for more investigation into the reliability of dietary patterns and the use of nutrient patterns as an alternative to focussing on single food components. Further studies on the reliability of remote dietary intake would also be useful. Because of the latency of chronic disease, it can be theorised that remote dietary recall may uncover more robust diet-disease relationships.
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Haseen, Farhana. "Nutritional factors and lifestyle in prostate cancer patients". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2011. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/nutritional-factors-and-lifestyle-in-prostate-cancer-patients(3e845f58-4e1b-4f5c-a5cc-605d084b9868).html.
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Prostate cancer is the most common male cancer in the UK. A healthy diet and lifestyle may have the potential to impact upon cancer progression, treatment related side effects, and comorbidities as well as on quality of life in prostate cancer patients. Nutrition and lifestyle behaviours are therefore important aspects to consider in the treatment of prostate cancer patients. The broad aims of this thesis were to explore the importance of health behaviours in prostate cancer patients and to identify and test a suitable intervention specifically for those who are treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). To achieve these aims this thesis has documented the findings of the following studies investigating nutritional and life-style behaviours in prostate cancer patients. 1) Using the cross-sectional population-based data from California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), diet and health behaviours in men with prostate cancer were compared to men with cancer other than prostate and to non-cancer controls. No differences were noted between prostate cancer patients and controls with respect to their dietary intake and physical activity levels. 2) A systematic review was conducted to determine the effects of ADT on body composition in prostate cancer patients. Significant increases in fat and declines in lean mass were observed in prostate cancer patients treated with ADT. 3) A systematic review of the literature related to lycopene intake and prostate cancer progression suggested that evidence available to date was insufficient to draw any firm conclusions regarding the benefits of lycopene supplementation in prostate cancer patients. 4) Preliminary analysis of a RCT of a 6-month dietary and physical activity intervention in prostate cancer patients treated with ADT showed that the intervention group had significant improvements in their body composition compared with controls. Physical activity, functional capacity and dietary quality also improved in the intervention group compared with controls. Recruitment to this trial is ongoing.
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Price, Alison Jane. "Nutritional and hormonal biomarkers in prostate cancer epidemiology". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8d96d746-7c87-4133-b873-e9a8426da953.
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Evidence from international comparisons and migrant studies suggest that environmental factors, such as a Western diet, may be important in prostate cancer development, possibly through effects on hormone and growth factor secretion and metabolism. However, despite considerable research, convincing associations between diet and risk for prostate cancer have not been established. Random and systematic measurement error in dietary assessment using traditional survey methods may contribute to inconsistent findings, particularly as they may not capture adequately specific nutritional constituents of the diet that may be associated with risk, such as fatty acids or vitamins. Validated biomarkers of nutritional factors and hormonal activity, as used in this thesis, provide more precise, objective and integrated measures of exposure, with the capacity to clarify potential mechanisms in the causal pathway of prostate cancer development. Nutritional and hormonal biomarkers investigated for their potential role in the development of prostate cancer include: folate and vitamin B12, which are essential for DNA methylation, repair and synthesis; phytanic acid, obtained predominantly from ruminant fat intake and associated with an enzyme (α-Methylacyl-Coenzyme A Racemase (AMACR)) that is consistently over-expressed in prostate cancer tissue; and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), a growth factor influenced by diet and involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. All work presented in this thesis is from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study of 500,000 European men and women, using prospectively collected diet and lifestyle data and biological samples. The large number of prostate cancer cases diagnosed during long-term follow-up of EPIC participants enabled investigation of heterogeneity in risk for prostate cancer by time from recruitment to diagnosis (of particular importance for a disease with a long pre-clinical phase) and cancer characteristics such as disease grade and stage. Plasma phytanic acid concentration was highly correlated with dietary intake of fat from dairy products (r = 0.46) and beef (r = 0.30); capturing differences between countries in consumption of fat from these foods. Although phytanic acid is a useful biomarker of ruminant fat consumption, there was little evidence to support the hypothesis that the association between dairy products and prostate cancer risk (as suggested by previous work in EPIC and other studies) is mediated by phytanic acid (OR for doubling in concentration 1.05; 95%CI 0.91 – 1.21; P trend = 0.53). There was strong evidence for an association between higher circulating IGF-I concentration and risk for prostate cancer (OR for highest versus lowest fourth 1.69; 95% CI: 1.35, 2.13; P trend = 0.0002). Furthermore, the positive association observed among men diagnosed with advanced stage disease and among men diagnosed more than seven years after blood collection, supports the hypothesis that high IGF-I concentration is associated with clinically significant prostate cancer many years before diagnosis. There was no evidence of an association between prostate cancer risk and dietary folate or vitamin B12 intake, or between circulating levels of folate (OR for doubling in concentration 1.05; 95%CI 0.95 – 1.15;
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Ahouandjinou, Theodora Vignon. "Facteurs nutritionnels associés à la présence de lésions précancéreuses de la prostate (PIN) chez des hommes ayant une hypertrophie bénigne de la protestate". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19946.
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La néoplasie intra-épithéliale prostatique, un des précurseurs possibles du cancer de la prostate, pourrait donner des renseignements sur les causes de ce dernier dans la mesure où ils cohabitent souvent. Dans une étude transversale, réalisée chez 510 hommes traités chirurgicalement pour une hypertrophie bénigne de la prostate, nous avons testé l'hypothèse que les facteurs de risque souvent associés au cancer de la prostate pouvaient être aussi associés à la présence de la néoplasie intra-épithéliale prostatique. La consommation alimentaire au cours de l'année précédant la chirurgie a été documentée par un questionnaire alimentaire détaillé administré par une diététiste. Le tissu prostatique prélevé à la chirurgie a été examiné par un seul pathologiste. Seuls les patients ayant une hypertrophie bénigne et aucune évidence de cancer ont été retenus pour l'étude. La présence de lésions précancéreuses de la prostate (PIN) a été observée chez 81 participants. La majorité des analyses a porté sur les relations entre les facteurs nutritionnels suspectés de jouer un rôle dans le cancer de la prostate et la présence de PIN. Les rapports de cotes ajustés (RC) et leurs intervalles de confiance (IC à 95%) ont été estimés à l'aide de la régression logistique pour les différentes variables des apports alimentaires. Les résultats sont pour la majorité non statistiquement significatifs, seule une importante consommation de carottes avec un RC, comparant le 3ème au premier tercile, de 1,84 (IC à 95% =1,00-3,40), et d'alpha-carotène avec un RC = 1,90 (IC à 95% =1,04-3,45) sont statistiquement significatifs. En regard du nombre d'associations évaluées ces résultats ne suggèrent aucune association entre les facteurs nutritionnels associés au cancer de la prostate et la présence de PIN.
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Miller, Elizabeth C. "Studies of nutritional support for prostate cancer prevention and therapy". Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1124140836.
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Trotter, James Marshall. "Nutrition and cancer : studies on nutritional abnormalities, nutritional support and protein metabolism in malnourished cancer patients /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mdt858.pdf.
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Allen, Naomi E. "Nutritional and genetic determinants of hormone levels in relation to prostate cancer risk". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365882.
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徐慧恩 i Wai-yan Tsui. "Determination of PTEN mutations in prostate cancer in Chinese". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31969951.
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Kwan, Pak-shing, i 關百誠. "Roles of Daxx in mitosis and prostate carcinogenesis". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43085337.
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Zucchero, Renee A. "Marital adjustment of older adult couples with breast cancer, prostate cancer, and couples without cancer". Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1117099.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the marital adjustment of older adult couples with breast cancer, prostate cancer, and couples who have experienced neither. Participants were 64 couples in which at least one of the spouses was over 55 years of age, including 19 breast cancer couples, 20 prostate cancer couples, 25 couples who had experienced neither of these cancers. Most participants were young-old, Protestant, Caucasians from a high socioeconomic class. The breast cancer and prostate cancer participants had completed treatment an average of 39.5 months prior to participation. The methodology was a mail survey. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire for Older Adults (MSQFOP) (Haynes et al., 1992), Primary Communication Inventory (PCI) (Navran, 1967), Miller Social Intimacy Scale (MSIS) (Miller & Lefcourt, 1982), and the Index of Sexual Satisfaction (ISS) (Hudson et al., 1981).There were no differences in the amount of discordance between the couples groups' level of marital satisfaction, communication, intimacy, and sexual satisfaction. In addition, there were no differences in the level of marital satisfaction, communication, intimacy, and sexual satisfaction between the participant groups. There was a significantly greater correlation between the prostate cancer couples' scores on the ISS than the correlation between the breast cancer couples' scores and the scores of the couples who had not experienced breast cancer or prostate cancer.The level of marital satisfaction, communication, intimacy, and sexual satisfaction reported was similar to that of the normative samples. There was no difference between the marital adjustment of the cancer couples and older couples who had experienced neither type of cancer. These results are good news for breast and prostate cancer survivors, and professionals. Older adults may be better able to incorporate the experience of cancer into their lives or are better prepared for chronic illness through anticipatory socialization. The high degree of agreement between the prostate cancer spouses on the ISS may be related to the sexual dysfunction that frequently accompanies treatment for this cancer. Future research should be qualitative and longitudinal and continue to explore the psychosocial implications of prostate cancer.Center for Gerontology
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凌明達 i Ming-tat Patrick Ling. "A study of molecular and cell biology of prostate tumorigenesis in cell culture". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31223102.
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Bull, Caroline Joyce. "Molecular and epidemiological aspects of prostate cancer : the impact of LDL-lowering therapy". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.742991.
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Hendricks, Roshan. "Genetic analysis of the role of androgen metabolism in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49973.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Prostate cancer (CaP) has the highest incidence of any malignancy affecting South African males. The aetiology of prostate carcinoma indicate that ethnicity is one of the most important risk factors. The causes of these ethnic differences are unknown but presumably involve both environmental and genetic factors. Carcinoma of the prostate is androgen dependent, and it has been suggested that variations in androgen metabolism and synthesis may affect an individuals' risk. Therefore, genes involved in these pathways are candidates for determining CaP susceptibility. In this study two candidate genes in the androgen biosynthetic and metabolic pathway were analysed, viz., the androgen receptor gene (AR), involved in androgen transport and transcriptional activation, and the cytochrome p450c17a gene (CYP17), important for testosterone biosynthesis. Comprehensive mutation detection assays were designed (appropriate for analysis of archival paraffin-embedded material) for almost the entire coding region (excluding polymorphic repeat sequences), and including all splice site junctions of the AR gene, as well as the entire coding region of CYP17. The aim of this study was thus to determine the type and frequencies of genetic variants of these androgen metabolism genes within the diverse South African population, and to determine if the observed ethnic variation in the incidence and progression of CaP can be explained by ethnic-based genetic differences. For high sensitivity mutation detection, the most powerful of the pre-screening methods was used, namely denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). 20 CaP and 25 control benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissue samples were screened in order to identify possible mutations. Blood samples from the same patients were analysed in order to determine whether mutations are germline and therefore present in all cells of the body. Additional blood samples from the Western Province Blood Transfusion Service (WPBTS) (Refer to section 2.1.2, Table) were also analysed in order to determine the frequency of identified polymorphisms within the general population. Certain polymorphisms were further analysed in paraffin-embedded wax material (exclusively from Blacks) to determine the distribution of these polymorphisms in the Black population. Direct sequencing of mutant-containing DNA fragments was performed to determine the exact location and nature of mutation. Using the AR- DGGE assay 4 novel mutations were identified as well as a previously reported codon 211 (E211) polymorphism. With the CYP17- DGGE assay, 3 novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected. Three base variants occured, in codons 36 (L36), 46 (H46) and 65 (S65), as well as intronic substitutions in intron 4 (IVS+58G4C) and intron 6 (IVS-25C7A). Frequencies of SNPs were measured in the CaP and BPH samples. In conclusion, the identified polymorphisms could be used as markers in determining CaP susceptibility and may thus facilitate the identification of individuals with a high- or low-risk of developing carcinoma of the prostate.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Prostaatkanker vertoon die hoogste voorkoms van enige kwaardaardigheid wat Suid-Afrikaanse mans aantas. Die etiologie van prostaatkarsinoom dui aan dat etnisiteit een van die mees belangrike risikofaktore is. Oorsake van hierdie etniese verskille is onbekend, maar vermoedelik is omgewing en genetiese faktore albei betrokke. Karsinoom van die prostaat is androgeenafhanklik en daar is voorgestel dat variasies in androgeenmetabolisme en androgeensintese 'n persoon se risiko mag affekteer. Gevolglik, is gene betrokke in hierdie paaie kandidate vir die bepaling van prostaatkanker vatbaarheid. In hierdie studie het ons twee kandidaat gene in die androgeen biosintetiese en metaboliese pad geanaliseer, naamlik, die androgeen reseptor geen (AR), betrokke in androgeen vervoer en aktivering van transkripsie, en die sitokroom p450c17a geen (CYP17), belangrik vir testosteroon biosintese. Ons het omvattende mutasie-bespeurings-essai-sisteme ontwikkel (ook uitvoerbaar op argivale paraffien-bewaarde materiaal), wat amper vir die hele koderende streek van die AR geen gebruik kan word (uitsluitend herhalende polimorfiese reekse) en wat alle splytpunt-aansluitings van die AR geen insluit, asook vir die hele koderende streek van CYP17. Die doel van hierdie studie was dus om die tipe en frekwensies van genetiese variante van androgeen metabolisme gene in ons diverse Suid-Afrikaanse bevolking te bepaal, en om vas te stel of die waarneembare etniese wisseling in die insidensie en vordering van prostaatkanker verstaan kan word deur etnies gebaseerde genetiese verskille. Die mees sensitiewe tegniek wat tans beskikbaar is vir vooraf-sifting vir onbekende mutasies is gekies, naamlik denaturerende gradiënt gel elektroforese (DGGE). Om moontlike mutasies op te spoor, het ons 20 prostaatkanker en 25 benijne prostaathiperplasie (BPH) monsters geanaliseer. Analise was gedoen op bloedmonsters van dieselfde pasiënte om vas te stel of kiemlyn mutasies (in alle liggaamselle) teenwoordig is. Bykomstige bloedmonsters (van die Westelike Provinsie Bloedoortappingsdiens) is ook geanaliseer om die frekwensie van bespeurde polimorfismes in die algemene bevolking te bepaal. Argivale paraffien-bewaarde materiaal (eksklusief van Swartes) is ook geanaliseer om die verspreiding van sekere polimorfismes in die Swart bevolking te bepaal. Direkte DNA volgorde bepaling van mutante DNA fragmente is uitgevoer om die ligging en tipe van mutasies te bepaal. Met die toepassing van ons AR-DGGE mutasiesisteem het ons 4 nuwe mutasies ontdek asook 'n kodon 211 (E211) polimorfisme wat voorheen gevind is. Vyf enkel nukleotied polimorfismes is met die CYP17-DGGE mutasiesisteem opgespoor. Die polimorfismes sluit in: drie basis veranderinge wat voorkom in kodons 36 (L36), 46 (H46) en 65 (S65), asook introniese substitutisies in intron 4 (IVS+58G4C) en intron 6 (IVS-25C7 A). Frekwensies van die polimorfismes was bereken in die prostaatkanker en BPH monsters. Die resultate aangebied in hierdie tesis dui aan dat die gevonde polimorfismes as merkers gebruik kan word om prostaatkanker vatbaarheid te bepaal en daardeur individue te identifiseer met 'n hoë of lae risiko vir prostaatkarsinoom ontwikkeling.
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Khoo, Kong Kheong. "The influence of metabolic phenotypes upon the development of colorectal neoplasia /". Title page, table of contents and conclusions only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mdk45.pdf.
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Taveroff, Arlene. "Metabolic derangements following bone marrow transplantation : an integrated analysis". Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74259.
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Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) involves the use of maximal doses of chemotherapy and total body irradiation. As a result, even well-nourished patients exhibit negative nitrogen balance and hypoproteinemia in the post-transplant period, despite a high energy and protein intake from Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN). The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of cytotoxic therapy, with a view toward explaining and improving the response to nutritional support. Stool, urine and serum biochemistry were studied prospectively in 10 BMT patients. Analysis of stool revealed increased sodium and decreased potassium. Examination of serum electrolytes indicated hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. A significant decrease in nitrogen balance, serum albumin and net protein utilization immediately followed the disturbances in serum electrolytes; improvement began as serum sodium and potassium returned to normal. Thus, electrolyte imbalance may have reduced the capacity of cells to utilize nitrogen. Lowering the volume of TPN dramatically decreased serum electrolyte aberrations and improved nitrogen utilization.
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Pettersson, Anna. "Diet and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients with Prostate Cancer Treated with Radiotherapy". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Enheten för onkologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-215410.
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Objective The main objective of this thesis was to explore the effects of diet on gastrointestinal symptoms in prostate cancer patients treated with local curative radiotherapy, by evaluating dietary intake prior to treatment (Study I), the psychometric properties of a new questionnaire on patient-reported gastrointestinal side effects (Study II), and the effect of a dietary intervention on acute and long-term gastrointestinal symptoms up to 2 years after radiotherapy completion (Study III-IV). Methods A total of 130 men with localized prostate cancer referred to dose-escalated radiotherapy (ED2 87-102 Gy, α/β=3 Gy) were recruited to a dietary intervention trial. Patients were randomized to receive either standard care plus the dietary intervention of a fibre- and lactose-restricted diet (intervention group, IG; n=64) or standard care alone (standard care group, SCG; n=66). Data on gastrointestinal symptoms and dietary intake were collected pre-treatment and at seven time points during a follow-up period of 26 months. Results Prior to treatment, grain products and milk products were major sources of energy. Unbalanced fatty acid intake and low intake of selenium were observed (Study I). Validation of the Gastrointestinal Side Effects Questionnaire (GISEQ) revealed satisfactory internal consistency, moderate concurrent validity and adequate responsiveness (Study II). There were no significant effects of the intervention on acute or long-term gastrointestinal symptoms, but a tendency towards lower prevalence and severity of bloating and diarrhoea in the IG compared to the SCG during radiotherapy. Gastrointestinal symptoms were predominantly mild, and the frequency of clinically relevant symptoms was merely a few percent. Dietary adherence in the IG was initially good, but tended to decline beyond 12 months post-radiotherapy (Study III-IV). Conclusions A fibre- and lactose-restricted diet was not superior to the habitual diet in reducing gastrointestinal symptoms in patients undergoing high-dose, small-volume radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. The GISEQ enables assessment of patient-perceived change in symptoms, but further work is needed to strengthen its psychometric qualities. It is suggested that continued research in this area target patient categories referred to irradiation of larger pelvic volumes with a higher risk of gastrointestinal symptoms, and that dietary interventions incorporate established strategies to enhance adherence and effectiveness.
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Gharieb, Katia. "Exposition précoce aux toxiques et déséquilibres nutritionnels : l’inflammation et les lésions précancéreuses de la prostate". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4125/document.
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Les maladies chroniques de l’adulte (maladies cardiovasculaires, cancers, maladies respiratoires et diabète) tuent chaque année dans le monde 38 millions de personnes dont 16 millions avant l’âge de 70 ans. Jusqu’aux années 1990, l’origine de ces pathologies étaient associée au style de vie de l’individu : consommation de tabac, d’alcool, l’inactivité physique et un régime alimentaire déséquilibré. Depuis l’élaboration du concept de DOHaD, identifiant les origines développementales de la santé et des maladies, de nombreuses données montrent que les maladies chroniques de l’adulte ont, en partie, une origine très précoce pendant la période péri conceptionnelle (in utero, premières années de la vie). L’exposition, à cette période, à des déséquilibres alimentaires, des toxiques, des produits chimiques synthétiques perturbant les hormones endogènes (perturbateurs endocriniens, PEs) pourra impacter l’organisme en développement via des modifications épigénétiques qui retiennent la mémoire des facteurs environnementaux auxquels sont soumis les individus. Toutefois, les phénotypes et les mécanismes impliqués sont encore loin d’être décryptés. Au cours de ce travail de thèse, nous nous sommes intéressée aux effets développementaux sur la prostate. En effet, le cancer de la prostate (CaP) est la deuxième cause de cancer et la 5° cause de mort par cancer dans le monde. Les données de la littérature montrent que les déséquilibres alimentaires (régime riche en graisse, HFD) et les PEs œstrogèno-mimétiques sont des facteurs de risque pour ce cancer. Nous avons développé un modèle expérimental de rats (jeunes adultes, 90 jours post-natal) exposés pendant la gestation jusqu’au sevrage à un HFD (60% de graisses), ou à un estrogène (estradiol benzoate, EB) pendant la période néonatale, ou bien à la combinaison des deux, pour explorer les effets sur la prostate (lobe ventral). L’exposition péri natale à l’EB ou à la combinaison EB+HFD diminue le poids de la prostate adulte. Cette anomalie est associée à une inflammation de la prostate modérée (HFD), importante (EB) ou massive (EB+HFD). L’infiltrat est composé essentiellement de macrophages et de lymphocytes T. Cette inflammation est associée à une augmentation dans la prostate du taux de cytokines pro-inflammatoires TNFa, CCL2/MCP1 (EB) mais aussi IL-6 (EB+HFD) ainsi qu’à une dérégulation de l’inflammasome NLRP3. NLRP3 est activé de façon chronique puisque l’on observe une sur expression de ses substrats IL-1b et IL-18. En conclusion, nous montrons que l’exposition péri conception à un estrogène ou à la combinaison RRG+EB programme des lésions prostatiques chez l’animal adulte. Chez l’homme, il est suggéré que des lésions inflammatoires chroniques (atrophie proliférative inflammatoire) seraient, comme pour d’autres organes, une première étape vers le début de la carcinogenèse. Ainsi, notre modèle expérimental permettrait l’étude des étapes précoces de la tumorigenèse prostatiqueNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) including cardiovascular diseases, cancers, respiratory diseases and diabetes kill 38 million people worldwide every year, 16 million of them before the age of 70. Until the 1990s, the origin of these pathologies was associated with the lifestyle of the individual: consumption of tobacco, alcohol, physical inactivity and an unbalanced diet. Since the development of the concept of DOHaD, identifying the developmental origins of health and disease, number of evidence showed that NCDs have, in part, an early origin during the peri-conception period (in utero, first years of life). Exposure during this period to food imbalances, toxic chemicals, synthetic chemicals disrupting endogenous hormones (endocrine disruptors, EDCs) may impact the developing body through epigenetic changes imprinted by the environmental factors to which individuals are exposed. However, the phenotypes and mechanisms involved are still far from being decrypted. During this thesis, we focused on developmental effects on the prostate. In fact, prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer and the fifth leading cause of death by cancer in the world. Data from the literature shows that dietary imbalances (High Fat Diet, HFD) and estrogen-like EDCs are risk factors for this cancer. We developed an experimental model of rats (young adults, 90 days postnatal) exposed during pregnancy until weaning to HFD (60% fat), or estrogen (estradiol benzoate, EB) during the neonatal period, or a combination of both, to explore the effects on the prostate (ventral lobe). Peri-natal exposure to EB or EB + HFD reduces the weight of the adult prostate. This abnormality is associated with low (HFD), moderate (EB) or massive (EB + HFD) prostate inflammation. The infiltrate is composed mainly of macrophages and T lymphocytes. This inflammation is associated with an increase in the prostate of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFa, CCL2 / MCP1 (EB) but also IL-6 (EB + HFD) as well as a deregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. NLRP3 is chronically activated since its substrates IL1b and IL-18 were over expressed. In conclusion, we show that peri-conception exposure to an estrogen or HFD + EB combination programs prostatic lesions in adult animals. In men, it is suggested that chronic inflammatory lesions (proliferative inflammatory atrophy) would, as for other organs, be a first step towards the onset of carcinogenesis. Thus, our experimental model is relevant for the study of the early stages of prostatic tumorigenesis
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Park, Jin Young. "Diet, lifestyle factors and colorectal cancer risk : with focus on methodological issues". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609120.
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Kwok, Wai-kei, i 郭慧琪. "Oncogenic function of TWIST in the development and progression of prostate cancer". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3893825X.
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Robinson, David. "Prediction of survival in prostate cancer : aspects on localised, locally advanced and metastatic disease". Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 2008. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2008/med1073s.pdf.
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Klopper, Tanya. "Safety and efficacy of n-3 enriched nutritional supplements in the management of cancer cachexia". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1554.
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Thesis (MNutr (Interdisciplinary Health Sciences. Human Nutrition))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.Background At least 40 - 80% of all cancer patients develop some degree of clinical malnutrition and cachexia. The complex and multi-factorial nature of cancer cachexia and the inability of conventional nutrition intervention to reverse or attenuate the effects of this syndrome have driven investigators to consider new therapies and approaches to manage the syndrome of cancer cachexia including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an n-3 fatty acid of fish oil origin. Objectives The aim of this study was to review Phase I, Phase II and Phase III (RCT) trials investigating the safety and efficacy of n-3 supplementation in the treatment of cancer cachexia in adult patients with unresectable solid tumours, with special reference to weight loss, body composition, appetite, dietary intake, energy expenditure, functional status, acute phase response and quality of life. Adverse effects associated with EPA supplementation were also reviewed. Methodology and data collection The major databases were systematically searched for studies that met the inclusion criteria using a structured keyword search strategy or various combinations of these keywords. Relevancy of studies was assessed by two independent reviewers according to pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality was assessed by two independent reviewers using the Jadad scale. Data extraction was performed by the principal reviewer and one of the independent reviewers, and investigators of the included studies were contacted where further information was required. Meta-analysis was not appropriate due to heterogeneity of the data. However, where possible, the paired t-test was used for analysis of the data. Descriptive or non-quantitative analysis of the tabulated data provided a summary of the characteristics of the included studies enabling comparisons to be made between interventions and outcomes within the specified population. Results The search resulted in a total of 1408 citations, of which only 16 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, only 4 studies were of a good quality. Although the reported data was incomplete and variable, the combined analyses suggested that the effect of EPA supplementation on weight, fat mass, dietary intake, energy expenditure, and acute phase response was not significant. Interestingly there appeared to be a significant increase increased or decreased? in lean body mass (p<0.05). There was little or no data to draw any conclusions regarding the effect of supplementation on appetite and quality of life. Conclusion Despite several limitations in this review, the data collected and analysed are suggestive of the beneficial effects of EPA supplementation, but there remains a significant lack of substantial evidence and conclusive statistical analysis to confirm that EPA supplementation is a safe and effective method of intervention in the management of patients with cancer cachexia.
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歐陽雪松 i Xuesong Ouyang. "Differential gene expression during sex hormone-induced prostate carcinogenesis in the rat with emphasis on ID-1 gene and its role inhuman prostate cancer". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29979055.
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Thiel, Colleen. "Resilience in families of husbands with prostate cancer". Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1237.
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Loh, Yet Hua. "Diet, MGMT and SMAD7 gene variants and breast, prostate and colorectal cancer risk : results from the EPIC-Norfolk study". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608981.
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Gallagher, Sandra. "An investigation into the effects of protease activated receptors on biological aspects of prostate cancer progression". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431613.
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Tam, Chun-wai, i 談振偉. "Secreted PDZ domain-containing protein 2 (sPDZD2): a potential autocrine tumor suppressor". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39557376.
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Slegtenhorst, Sonja. "Antioxidant intake in paediatric oncology patients". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18050.
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Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: The role of antioxidants and adequate nutrition in the prevention and course of cancer treatment is globally recognised in nullifying the effects of free radicals and increasing the nutritional status of children during treatment. Objective: To investigate whether children with cancer meet their Dietary Reference Values and Safe Intakes for antioxidants, energy and protein. Design: Single centre prospective study. Setting: Children were recruited from the East of England Primary Treatment Centre using convenience sampling over 8 months. Forty-two children and adolescents diagnosed with a Solid tumour, Lymphoma or Leukaemia were eligible for data analysis (n=20 male; n=22 female). Method: Data was collected with an Estimated Food Record (EFR) in the 1st (EFR1) and 3rd month (EFR2) post-diagnosis. In the week following EFR completion, parents and/or children were contacted to complete four non-consecutive days of 24-hr food recalls. Data was categorised into diet alone, diet + food supplement (FS), tube feeding (tube) or diet + multi-vitamin-mineral supplementation (VMS). Malnutrition was determined by weight-for-age z-scores. Nutrient intake was compared to the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI), the Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) and the Lower Recommended Nutrient Intake (LRNI). Result: The sample consisted of 33% (n=14) diagnosed with Leukaemia, 24% (n=10) with Lymphoma and 43% (n=18) with Solid tumours. Sixty seven percent (n=28) underwent chemotherapy and 33% (n=14) a combination of therapies. Significant correlations were seen between the assessment tools in the diet alone category for both months for; vitamins A, C, E, selenium and protein and for EFR1 for zinc and energy. In both months greater numbers of children achieved ≥100% of requirements for diet + VMS (EFR 1; p<0.05; EFR2 p<0.05) than for other feeding modes. Vitamin C achieved the highest intakes compared to the RNI at 773% (EFR1) and 829% (EFR2). Intakes above 200% of the RNI were seen for vitamins A, C, E, selenium and zinc. No significant differences were seen between modes of feeding in either month for selenium or zinc. Vitamin A (EFR1≤ 100% diet alone p<0.05) and zinc (EFR1≤ 100% diet alone p=0.02) met the least of the LRNI in the 1st month compared to other antioxidants. No statistical significant difference was observed between the number of children attaining their EAR’s between the 3 modes of feeding in the 1st month and 3rd month. In the 1st month 27% (n=8) of participants consumed vitamin and/or mineral supplements, 18% in the 3rd month (n=4). In the 1st month 5% (n=2) of children were moderately malnourished and 10% (n=4) in 3rd month. Conversely in the 1st month 3% (n=1) were overweight and 3% (n=1) obese; the leukaemia group predominant. Conclusion: The research tools showed good correlation. Children using vitamin and/or mineral supplements mostly achieved their RNI’s compared to other feeding modes. Across feeding modes some children achieved antioxidant intakes above 200% RNI. LRNI’s on diet alone were not achieved for vitamin A and zinc. The study showed Leukaemics as having a higher prevalence of obesity. More research is required to determine the clinical implications of these findings.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond: Die rol van anti-oksidante en voldoende voeding in die voorkoming en verloop van kanker behandeling word wêreldwyd erken vir vernietiging van die effek van vry radikale en die verbetering van voedingstatus van kinders tydens behandeling. Doelwit: Om ondersoek in te stel of kinders met kanker hul Dieet Verwysingswaardes en Veilige Innames vir anti-oksidante, energie en proteïen bereik. Ontwerp: Enkel sentrum prospektiewe studie. Omgewing: Kinders was gewerf deur middel van gerieflikheidsteekproefneming oor 8 maande vanaf die “East of England Primary Treatment Centre”. Twee-en-veertig kinders en adolessente gediagnoseer met 'n Soliede tumor, Limfoom of Leukemie het in aanmerking gekom vir dataanalise (n=20 manlik, n=22 vroulik). Metode: Data was ingesamel met ‘n Geskatte Voedsel Rekord (GVR) in die eerste (GVR1) en derde maand (GVR2) na diagnose. In die week na voltooiing van die GVR is ouers en/of kinders gekontak om vier onopeenvolgende dae van 24-uur herroepe te voltooi. Data was verdeel in dieet alleen, dieet + voedsel supplement (VS), buisvoeding (buis) of dieet + multi-vitamien-mineraal supplementasie (VMS). Wanvoeding was bepaal deur middel van gewig-vir-ouderdom z-tellings. Nutriënt inname was vergelyk met die Aanbevole Nutriënt Inname (ANI), die Geskatte Gemiddelde Behoeftes (GGB) en die Laer Aanbevole Nutriënt Inname (LANI). Resultate: Die steekproef het bestaan uit 33% (n=14) gediagnoseer met Leukemie, 24% (n=10) Limfoom en 43% (n=18) Soliede tumore. Sewe-en-sestig persent (n=28) het chemoterapie ontvang en 33% (n=14) ‘n kombinasie van terapieë. Betekenisvolle korrelasies was waargeneem tussen die assesseringsinstrumente in die dieet alleen kategorie vir beide maande vir vitamiene A, C, E, selenium en proteïen en vir GVR1 ook vir sink en energie. In beide maande het ‘n groter aantal kinders ≥100% van hul behoeftes bereik vr dieet+VMS (GVR1; p<0.05; GVR2 p<0.05) as vir ander modi van voeding. Vitamien C het die hoogste innames bereik vergeleke met die ANI teen 773% (GVR1) en 829% (GVR2). Innames bo 200% van die ANI was waargeneem vir vitamiene A, C, E, selenium en sink. Geen betekenisvolle verskille was waargeneem tussen modi van voeding in enige maand vir selenium en sink nie. Vitamien A (GVR1≤100% dieet alleen p<0.05) en sink (GVR1≤100% dieet alleen p=0.02) het die minste van die LANI bereik in die eerste maand vergeleke met ander anti-oksidante. Geen statisties beduidende verskil was waargeneem tussen die aantal kinders wat hul GGB’s bereik het tussen die 3 voedingswyses in die eerste en derde maande nie. In die eerste maand het 27% (n=8) van deelnemers vitamien en/of mineraal supplemente ingeneem, en 18% (n=4) in die derde maand. In die eerste maand was 5% (n=2) van kinders matig wangevoed en 10% (n=4) in die derde maand. In die eerste maand was 3% (n=1) van kinders oorgewig en 3% (n=1) vetsugtig, die leukemie groep spesifiek. Gevolgtrekking: Die navorsingsinstrumente het goeie korrelasie getoon. Kinders wat vitamien en/of mineraal supplemente gebruik het het meestal hul ANI’s bereik vergeleke met ander modi van voeding. Oor voeding modi het sommige kinders anti-oksidant innames bo 200% ANI bereik. LANI’s op dieet alleen was nie bereik vir Vitamien A en sink nie. Hierdie studie het aangetoon dat dié met Leukemia ‘n hoër prevalensie van oorgewig/vetsug getoon het. Meer navorsing is nodig om die kliniese implikasies van die bevindinge te bepaal.
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Pang, Bo, i 龐博. "Antiproliferative actions of melatonin and secreted PDZ domain-containing protein 2 (sPDZD2) on tumor cells". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43224064.
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Diemert, Lindsey. "A Sweet Cherry Feeding Trial in Healthy, Overweight Males: Anthocyanin Bioavailability and Inflammatory Biomarker Response". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203500.
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Background: Low-grade chronic inflammation has been implicated as a risk factor in prostate-related pathologies including benign hyperplasia and cancer. Sweet cherry containing the bioactive anthocyanin (ACN), has demonstrated tumor inhibitory action in model systems, specifically inhibition of inflammatory molecules and prostaglandin biosynthesis. Objective: To assess the urinary and plasma concentrations of ACN from the daily consumption of 3 cups of sweet cherries for 4 weeks and test the relationship of ACN levels and cherry consumption to inflammatory biomarkers in an at risk population. Results: Prostaglandin E2 Metabolite (PGEM) levels were reduced with cherry consumption in men with elevated baseline values. Conclusion: We conclude that 1c (142g) of sweet cherries 3 times daily for 4 weeks significantly reduced the COX-2 metabolite, PGEM, in men with elevated baseline levels. This was the first study to examine the chronic effects of daily sweet cherries on COX-2 inhibition in an at risk population.
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Van, Zyl Elizma. "Glutamine supplementation in oncology : a systematic review". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5198.
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Thesis (MNutr (Interdisciplinary Health Sciences. Human Nutrition))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: See full text for abstract
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sien volteks vir opsomming
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Wong, Yee-man Kimmi, i 黃綺雯. "Expression and functional analysis of a mutant sPDZD2 protein". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45010468.
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Lecuyer, Lucie. "Signatures métabolomiques associées au risque à long terme de cancers du sein et de la prostate et à l’alimentation dans la cohorte SU.VI.MAX : Nouveaux horizons ouverts par la métabolomique appliquée à l’épidémiologie nutritionnelle". Thesis, Paris 13, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA131023.
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Les cancers du sein et de la prostate sont parmi les cancers ayant la plus forte incidence dans le monde,notamment dans les pays occidentaux. Les principaux défis actuels sont d’améliorer la compréhension des relations nutrition/santé et l’identification des personnes à plus haut risque bien avant l’apparition du cancer afin de mettre en place des actions de préventions. De nombreux facteurs influencent la mise en place et la progression du cancer. Parmi eux, la nutrition apparaît comme un facteur clé, puisqu’il s’agit d’un facteur modifiable sur lequel il est possible d'agir via des interventions, il est donc essentiel d’évaluer sa contribution. Pour cela, une mesure précise de l'apport nutritionnel est nécessaire. La métabolomique permettant l’identification de potentiels biomarqueurs endogènes, exogènes et microbiens ouvre donc de nouvelles perspectives en épidémiologie nutritionnelle. A ce jour, encore très peu d’études ont investigué l’impact de l’alimentation globale sur le métabolisme et le risque de cancer du sein et de la prostate par profilage métabolomique. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous avons donc conduit des études cas-témoins nichées et transversales dans la cohorte SU.VI.MAX afin de mettre en évidence des signatures plasmatiques du risque de cancers du sein et de la prostate et de l’alimentation globale. Les échantillons plasmatiques ont été collectés à l’inclusion dans la cohorte et analysés par deux méthodes complémentaires : la spectrométrie de masse couplée à la chromatographie liquide et la résonance magnétique nucléaire du proton. Les habitudes alimentaires des participants ont été estimées grâce à des enregistrements alimentaires de 24h répétés et les données socio-démographiques et de mode de vie ont été obtenues grâce à des questionnaires autodéclarés. Ces recherches ont permis de mettre en évidence des métabolites endogènes et issus du métabolisme microbien associés à l’alimentation globale et également des biomarqueurs candidats d’une exposition alimentaire spécifique. Nous avons également identifié des métabolites associés au risque de cancers du sein et de la prostate, endogènes, exogènes et microbiens suggérant une perturbation métabolique jusqu’à 13 ans avant le diagnostic du cancer. Par ailleurs, l’alimentation semble jouer un rôle dans la variation des taux plasmatiques de certains métabolites permettant de discriminer les individus à plus haut risque de développer un cancer du sein ou de la prostate. Ces résultats devront être répliqués dans d’autres études indépendantes d’observation et d’intervention.A terme, l’identification de signatures métaboliques robustes du risque de cancers du sein et de la prostate, de l’impact de l’alimentation sur le métabolisme et la cancérogenèse et de l’apport alimentaire pourraient permettre de contribuer à l’amélioration de la compréhension des relations entre environnement et santé, de l’évaluation de l’exposition nutritionnelle voire à la mise en place de nouvelles recommandations en matière de santé publique en vue de la diminution de l’incidence de ces pathologiesBreast and prostate cancers are among the cancers with the highest incidence worldwide and notably in Western countries. The main current challenges lie in the improvement of understanding of nutrition/health relationships and in the identification of individuals at higher risk long before the development of overt cancer to set up prevention actions. A variety of factors exert an impact on the onset and progression of cancer. Among these, nutrition appears as a key factor, in that it can be modified and acted upon through interventions. It is therefore crucial to assess its contribution. For this purpose,detailed and accurate assessment of nutritional intake is essential. Metabolomics, allowing the identification of endogenous, exogenous and microbial biomarkers, opens new perspectives in nutritional epidemiology. So far, few have studies investigated the impact of overall diet on metabolism and risk of breast and prostate cancer through metabolomic profiling. As part of this thesis, we conducted nested case-controls and cross-sectional studies within the SU.VI.MAX cohort to highlight plasma signatures of breast and prostate cancer risks and of overall diet. Plasma samples were collected at baseline and were analysed using two complementary methods : mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. Participants dietary habits were estimated using repeated 24h dietary records and socio-demographic and lifestyle data were collected from self-administered questionnaires.These investigations highlighted endogenous and microbial metabolites associated with overall diet as well as candidate biomarkers of specific dietary exposures. We also identified endogenous, exogenous and microbial metabolites associated with breast and prostate cancers risk suggesting a metabolic disruption up to 13 years before cancer diagnostic. Furthermore, diet appears to be implicated in the variation in plasma levels of some metabolites discriminating individuals at higher risk of developing breast or prostate cancers. These results need to be replicated in future independent observational and interventional studies. In the future, the identification of robust metabolic signatures of breast and prostate cancers risk, of the impact of diet on metabolism and carcinogenesis, and food intake would contribute to better understand health and environment relationships, to better estimate nutritional exposure or even to contribute to the set-up of new public health recommendations in order to reduce the incidence of these pathologies
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Taskinen, Mervi. "Skeletal muscle protein reserves in children with cancer : nutritional and metabolic aspects from diagnosis to long-term follow-up". Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2000. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/kliin/vk/taskinen/.
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Chen, Chujian 1966. "Antitumor properties of kefir : possible bioactive component(s) and mechanism(s)". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85139.
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Research on the putative health benefits has indicated that kefir, a traditional fermented milk, might have antimutagenic and antitumor properties. The major objective of the present thesis was to isolate and identify antitumor compounds in cow's milk kefir and investigate the possible mechanisms involved. High speed centrifugation (HSC), molecular weight cut-off filtration (MWCO), size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SEC-HPLC) and reverse phase-HPLC (RP-HPLC) were utilized for fractionation of kefir and a cell culture model was developed to screen for the antiproliferative effects of the kefir fractions. The antiproliferative effects of bacteria-free extracts from different fermentation stages of kefir production, as well as bacteria-free extracts from milk and yogurt were compared. The results showed that extracts from an early stage of fermentation (i.e., kefir mother culture) and the final commercial kefir product both exerted dose-dependent inhibition effects on human mammary tumor MCF-7 cells, yogurt extracts showed less potent antiproliferative effects, while pasteurized milk extracts showed no antiproliferative effects. No antiproliferative effects of the kefir extracts were observed on human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) whereas the yogurt extracts showed antiproliferative action in HMEC cells at a high dose. A fraction of the kefir mother culture isolated by HSC, MWCO and RP-HPLC contained components that inhibited MCF-7 cell growth and had no effect on HMEC cells. Characterization of the bioactive fraction using mass spectrometry (MS) indicated that the main components in the fraction are likely fragments of kefiran and/or ceramide containing compounds such as gangliosides. The growth inhibitory effect may be mainly caused by the induction of TNF-alpha in MCF-7 cells. Whole extracts of kefir depleted glutathione (GSH) in MCF-7 cells, while the SEC-HPLC Fraction 7 and the RP-HPLC Fraction 30 induced GSH produc
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Abel, Stefan. "Fatty acids as cancer preventive tools in the dietary modulation of altered lipid profiles associated with hepatocarcinogenesis". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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This thesis consists of a brief description on cancer, carcinogenesis, the changes in the type and level of dietary fat available in our diets over time and association with the development of certain diseases. The main focus of this research was on omega 6 and omega 3 essential fatty acids (EFA) and their interaction with regards to carcinogenesis.
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Di, Kaijun, i 狄凱軍. "The role of Id-1 on the proliferation, motility and mitotic regulationof prostate epithelial cells". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38944704.
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Mehrfar, Parisa. "Biological markers of weight loss and muscle protein metabolism in early non-small cell lung cancer". Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116069.
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The loss of muscle mass leading to cachexia is rarely identified in early lung cancer. Fasting blood and muscle biopsy were collected in 59 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 16 non-cancer patients, at the beginning of thoracic surgery. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP), and IL-6 were higher in NSCLC. In weight-losing NSCLC, food intake and serum albumin were lower, CRP, and TNF-alpha were higher. Although the expression of genes of the ubiquitin-proteasome system was not different, ubiquitinated-protein levels were lower and negatively correlated with ph-FOX01 in weight-losing patients. This would suggest lower muscle proteolytic rates in the early stages of NSCLC. Ph-FOXO1 also related to the degree of weight loss and stage of NSCLC. These data suggest that in early stages of the disease, weight and muscle loss could be mainly due to reduced food intake, rather than accelerated proteolysis, which reinforces the potential for successful dietary interventions to prevent or delay the onset of cachexia.
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Sibani, Sahar. "Genetic and nutritional folate deficiency : implications for homocystinuria and intestinal neoplasia". Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31539.
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Folate deficiency, a prevalent vitamin deficiency in America, can stem from environmental and/or genetic causes. The most common inborn error of folate metabolism is deficiency of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), which catalyzes the reduction of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. Severe MTHFR deficiency results in hyperhomocysteinemia and homocystinuria; patients present with developmental delay, and various neurological and vascular disorders. This thesis describes three mutations identified in the MTHFR locus in patients with severe deficiency: 1025T→C (M→T), 1027T→G (W→G), and 1768G→A (E→K). Genotype-phenotype correlations are described, along with biochemical characterization of three mutations (983A→G (N→S), 1025T→C, 1027T→G). All three mutations exert their effect by decreasing Vmax without changing the enzyme's affinity for its substrate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. The 983A→G variant also conferred decreased affinity for FAD, a cofactor.The more common and mild deficiency observed in the general healthy population is probably due in part to insufficient dietary intake of folate. Folate deficiency has been associated with increased risk for colon cancer. In a pilot study presented here, the impact of altered folate intake on tumor multiplicity in the Min mouse, a model for multiple intestinal neoplasia, was assessed. Folate deficient diets did not produce a consistent change in tumor numbers. However, a linear correlation between S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine content of preneoplastic tissue and tumor multiplicity was identified.
This thesis contributes to our understanding of the impact of genetic- and/or dietary-induced folate deficiency on cellular and organismal functions.
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Rogers, Wendy J. "Effects of dietary stearic and linoleic acid on mammary carcinogenesis and longevity of aging strain A/ST mice". Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1115733.
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This investigation studies the effects of diets containing varying amounts of linoleic acid (a polyunsaturated fatty acid) and stearic acid (a saturated fatty acid) on tumorigenesis, weight and longevity in strain A/ST mice. Linoleic acid [ 18 carbons and 2 double bonds (18:2)] was chosen to represent a fatty acid known to enhance tumorigenesis and obesity in certain strains of mice. Stearic acid [ 18 carbons and no double bonds (18:0)] represents a saturated fatty acid known to increase the latency period for mammary tumor development and to decrease the rate of tumor growth. This study was conducted to determine whether the effects of fatty acids observed in younger mice on time to tumor, survival and body weights were also found in aging animals. Further, by varying the amount of linoleic acid in the diet, this study examined whether the tumor enhancing effects of increasing amounts of linoleic acid could be overcome by the incorporation of dietary stearic acid. All diets had equal percentages, by weight, of protein, salt, sucrose, mineral salt, and vitamin levels and an equal number of calories per gram of food. The SF diet was rich in linoleic acid. The SA-1 diet contained enough linoleic acid to prevent essential fatty acid deficiency, and the SA-4 diet contained the maximal amount of linoleic acid for tumor enhancement. Total body weight and tumor production in the three dietary groups show a relationship between an increase in body weight and tumor production as the amount of dietary linoleic acid increases. There also is an inverse relationship between animal survival and body weight as the amount of dietary linoleic acid increases. Survival thus appears to be dependent on tumor production in the three dietary groups, where there appears to be an inverse relationship between survival and time to tumor as the amount of dietary linoleic acid increases at each timepoint. These results suggest that the inclusion of stearic acid in the diet can, in part, overcome this enhancing effect of linoleic acid, even at the optimal tumor producing level of linoleic acid. The results of this study indicate that that effects of linoleic and stearic acid in aging mice are similar to those in younger animals.Department of Biology
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Carman, Judith Anne. "The metabolic relationship between nutrition and cancer /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc287.pdf.
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Bulcao, Candice. "Polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism and effects on colon cancer cell biology in vitro". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016128.
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Colon cancer is a leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. Lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise have been implicated as important agents in colon cancer development and progression. Epidemiological, in vivo and in vitro studies have found that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) reduce colon carcinoma. The role of n-6 PUFAs remains a controversial topic, with studies indicating both promoting and preventing capabilities published. In order to better understand the effects of PUFAs on colon carcinoma, it is important to have an understanding of how they will be broken down in the body. During this study, in silico metabolism of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) predicted the formation of hydroxy-, di-hydroxy- and epoxy-FAs. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the detection of these PUFAs and their cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolites. A human liver microsomal system for the in vitro metabolism of EPA, DHA and AA was optimised in terms of microsomal and PUFA concentration. The system resulted in the metabolism of the positive control, lauric acid, to 12-hydroxy-lauric acid but was unable to metabolise the PUFAs of interest. EPA, DHA and AA reduced cell viability in the colon carcinoma cell lines SW480 and SW620 in the micromolar concentration range (25 – 200 μM). The CYP epoxidation metabolite of EPA, 17, 18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (17, 18-EpETE) resulted in a significant reduction in SW480 cell viability relative to the parent compound at lower concentrations (25 and 50 μM). Annexin V apoptosis analysis revealed that EPA and 17, 18- EpETE did not result in apoptosis in SW480 cells at a concentration of 25 μM and over an incubation period of 24 hours. A significant reduction in reactive oxygen species production was seen in SW480 cells after incubation with 25 μM 17, 18-EpETE for 24 hours. EPA and 17, 18-EpETE were implicated in the reduction of colon cancer metastasis since they were able to reduce SW480 migration and anchorage independent cell growth. These results indicate that the dietary intake of EPA, DHA and AA may be beneficial to one’s health due to the negative effects that these PUFAs had on colon carcinoma. Future studies are needed to confirm these benefits and compare the effects of the PUFAs to their CYP-metabolites.
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Zhang, Xiaomeng, i 張效萌. "Significance and molecular basis of Id-1 in regulation of cancer cell survival and invasion". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39325477.
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Gridley, Shelly M. "The effect of dietary fatty acids on cholesterol/phospholipid ratios and fatty acids in plasma membranes of spontaneous mammary tumors from strain A/ST mice". Virtual Press, 1989. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722452.
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It has been suggested that plasma membranes play a role in tumor production. Changes in plasma membrane lipid composition may change membrane fluidity and disrupt cellular communication. These changes in membrane lipid composition appear to be related to the fatty acid content of the animal's diet. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the effect of dietary linoleic and stearic acids and tumor size on cholesterol/phospholipid ratios and fatty acids in membranes of mammary adenocarcinomas.Plasma membranes of mammary tumors from Strain A/St mice were isolated by centrifugation and the lipids extracted. Phospholipid content was assayed by the method of Bartlett (102); cholesterol and fatty acids by gas liquid chromatography.Plasma membranes of tumors from mice fed the high linoleic diet (SAFF) were found to have the highest cholesterol/phospholipid ratios (Mean=0.396); mice fed high stearic acid diets produced tumors with the lowest ratios (0.280). Membranes of tumors from mice fed SA-4 and Stock diets had intermediate ratios (0.0.341 and 0.0.346, respectively).Department of Biology
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Mina, Kym Deanne. "Measurement of fish consumption in population-based studies of cancer". University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0093.
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[Truncated abstract] The role of fish consumption and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the prevention of disease has been the subject of much investigation in recent years. A clue that these factors might be of importance was the observation that populations consuming high levels of marine omega-3 PUFAs had lower rates of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. From there, research in this area has expanded to include a range of chronic diseases and their prevention. An area of particular interest is the role of fish consumption in the prevention of various cancers. In Australia, one in three men and one in four women are expected to be diagnosed with cancer by the age of 75. Identifying preventive factors that can be translated into constructive health promotional messages is of great importance in addressing this group of diseases that has such a large impact on the health and wellbeing of the population. ... Results and conclusions Analysis of the data from the population-based case-control study suggests a protective effect of preserved fish consumption, possibly due to the high oil content of these fish. The developed questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for measuring fish and seafood consumption as determined by regression analysis with an independent biomarker and reliability analysis using intra-class correlation. Importantly, reliability can be maintained despite asking a high level of detail from participants. For ranking according to overall fish consumption, detailed questioning is probably not necessary, however inclusion of variables representing multiple categories of fish and seafood consumption in a regression model enables us to better account for variation in blood omega-3 PUFA levels than a single variable representing overall consumption. For the purpose of questionnaire validation, plasma phospholipid and erythrocyte membrane levels of EPA and DHA are equivalent biomarkers of fish and seafood consumption. The choice between them by future investigators will be based on more practical aspects such as convenience and the fasting state of subjects. The tangible product of this thesis is additional evidence to support a protective association between fish consumption and prostate and breast cancers, and a valid and reliable questionnaire v for measuring habitual consumption of fish and seafood in a West Australian population, that could also be applied to other populations after minor adjustment for local fish and seafood consumption patterns.
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Rohan, Thomas Edward. "Diet, hormones and breast cancer : a case-control study in women /". Title page, table of contents, summary and appendices only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr7373.pdf.
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Tabatabaei, Seyed Mehdi. "The relationship between dietary factors, meat consumption, heterocyclic amines, Benzo[a]pyrene, meat-derived mutagenic activity and colorectal cancer in Western Australia". University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0059.
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The role of meat consumption in the development of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC), has been subject of much investigation in recent years. The observation of geographical variation in CRC incidence and increased CRC risks in populations consuming high levels of meat prompted researchers to hypothesise a link between meat and CRC. An area of particular interest in CRC pathogenesis is the meat-derived compounds such are heterocyclic amines (HCAs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and meatderived mutagenic activity. Australia is among the countries with high incidence of CRC and also high levels of per capita meat consumption. Hence, clarifying the possible link between meat consumption and the risk of CRC in order that this can be translated into preventive dietary recommendations for the public is important. The objective of this thesis was to examine whether meat consumption is related to risk of CRC in an Australian population. The term meat consumption in this thesis means meaures of consumption of red and white meat that incorporate frequency and cooking method. The following hypotheses were investigated: 1. Increasing intake of meat prepared by methods that involve higher cooking temperature and time is positively associated with the risk of CRC; 2. Increasing exposure to meat-derived heterocyclic amines (HCAs) is positively associated with the risk of CRC; 3. Higher levels of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from meat consumption is a risk factor for CRC; 4. Exposure to meat-derived mutagens increases the risk of CRC.
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Ax, Erika. "Dietary Patterns : Identification and Health Implications in the Swedish Population". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Klinisk nutrition och metabolism, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-250280.
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We eat foods not nutrients. What is more, we eat them in combinations. Consequently, capturing our complex food habits is likely an advantage in nutrition research. The overall aim of this doctoral thesis was therefore to investigate dietary patterns in the Swedish population –nutrient intakes, nutritional biomarkers and health aspects. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in the developed world. However, the impact of dietary factors on disease risk is largely unknown. In Study I we investigated the association between a Mediterranean- and a Low-carbohydrate-high-protein dietary pattern and prostate cancer risk, in a cohort of elderly Swedish men. The latter (but not the former) was associated, inversely, with prostate cancer risk when taking validity in food records into account. Diet is one of our main exposure routes to environmental contaminants. Hence, such exposure could act as a mediating factor in the relation between diet and health. In Study II we investigated the association between; a Mediterranean- and a Low-carbohydrate-high-protein dietary pattern, as well as the official dietary recommendations, and circulating levels of environmental contaminants, in an elderly Swedish population. The first two patterns were positively related to levels of both persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals, whilst the dietary recommendations were inversely associated to dioxin and lead. Finally, although dietary patterns are likely to influence health, little is known about current dietary patterns in Sweden. In Study III we used a data-reduction method to identify dietary patterns in a nationwide sample of the Swedish population. Two major patterns were derived; a Healthy pattern of foods generally considered healthy (e.g. vegetables, fruits, fish and vegetable-oils) and a Swedish traditional pattern (with e.g. meats, potatoes, sauces, non-Keyhole milk-products, sweet-bakery products and margarine). Derived patterns were associated to population characteristics and the Healthy dietary pattern was inversely associated to anthropometric variables in Study IV. Dietary characteristics of the patterns were well reflected in correlations to nutrient intake and (to a lesser extent) in nutritional biomarkers. In conclusion dietary patterns for overall health should be considered, as well as other lifestyle-factors, when interpreting results in nutrition epidemiology and establishing dietary recommendations.
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Winger, Joseph G. "Diet and exercise intervention adherence and health-related outcomes among older long-term breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer survivors". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5068.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Given the numerous benefits of a healthy diet and exercise for cancer survivors, there has been an increase in the number of lifestyle intervention trials for this population in recent years. However, the extent to which adherence to a diet and exercise intervention predicts health-related outcomes among cancer survivors is currently unknown. To address this question, data from the Reach out to ENhancE Wellness in Older Cancer Survivors (RENEW) diet and exercise intervention trial were analyzed. RENEW was a yearlong telephone and mailed print intervention for 641 older (>65 years of age), overweight (body mass index: 25.0-39.9), long-term (>5 years post-diagnosis) survivors of colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer. Participants were randomized to the diet and exercise intervention or a delayed-intervention control condition. The RENEW telephone counseling sessions were based on determinants of behavior derived from Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) (e.g., building social support, enhancing self-efficacy). These factors have been hypothesized to improve health behaviors, which in turn should improve health outcomes. Thus, drawing on SCT and prior diet and exercise research with cancer survivors, I hypothesized that telephone counseling session attendance would be indirectly related to health-related outcomes (i.e., physical function, basic and advanced lower extremity function, mental health, and body mass index) through intervention-period strength and endurance exercise and dietary behavior (i.e., fruit and vegetable intake, saturated fat intake). The proposed model showed good fit to the data; however, not all of the hypothesized relationships were supported. Specifically, increased telephone counseling session attendance was related to engagement in all of the health behaviors over the intervention period. In turn, (a) increased endurance exercise was related to improvement in all of the health-related outcomes with the exception of mental health; (b) increased strength exercise was solely related to improved mental health; (c) increased fruit and vegetable intake was only related to improved basic lower extremity function; and (d) saturated fat intake was not related to any of the health-related outcomes. Taken together, these findings suggest that SCT determinants of behavior and the importance of session attendance should continue to be emphasized in diet and exercise interventions. Continued exploration of the relationship between adherence to a diet and exercise intervention and health-related outcomes will inform the development of more cost-effective and efficacious interventions for cancer and other medical populations.
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Reger, Michael Kent. "Dietary intake and urinary excretion of phytoestrogens in relation to cancer and cardiovascular disease". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/6053.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Phytoestrogens that abound in soy products, legumes, and chickpeas can induce biologic responses in animals and humans due to structural similarity to 17β-estradiol. Although experimental studies suggest that phytoestrogen intake may alter the risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease, few epidemiologic studies have investigated this research question. This dissertation investigated the associations of intake of total and individual phytoestrogens and their urinary biomarkers with these chronic conditions using data previously collected from two US national cohort studies (NHANES and PLCO). Utilizing NHANES data with urinary phytoestrogen concentrations and follow-up mortality, Cox proportional hazards regression (HR; 95% CI) were performed to evaluate the association between total cancer, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality and urinary phytoestrogens. After adjustment for confounders, it was found that higher concentrations of lignans were associated with a reduced risk of death from cardiovascular disease (0.48; 0.24-0.97), whereas higher concentrations of isoflavones (2.14; 1.03-4.47) and daidzein (2.05; 1.02-4.11) were associated with an increased risk. A reduction in all-cause mortality was observed for elevated concentrations of lignans (0.65; 0.43-0.96) and enterolactone (0.65; 0.44-0.97). Utilizing PLCO data and dietary phytoestrogens, Cox proportional hazards regression examined the associations between dietary phytoestrogens and the risk of prostate cancer incidence. After adjustment for confounders, a positive association was found between dietary intake of isoflavones (1.58; 1.11-2.24), genistein (1.42; 1.02-1.98), daidzein (1.62; 1.13-2.32), and glycitein (1.53; 1.09-2.15) and the risk of advanced prostate cancer. Conversely, an inverse association existed between dietary intake of genistein and the risk of non-advanced prostate cancer (0.88; 0.78-0.99) and total prostate cancer (0.90; 0.81-1.00). C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration levels rise in response to inflammation and higher levels are a risk factor for some cancers and cardiovascular disease reported in epidemiologic studies. Logistic regression performed on NHANES data evaluated the association between CRP and urinary phytoestrogen concentrations. Higher concentrations of total and individual phytoestrogens were associated with lower concentrations of CRP. In summary, dietary intake of some phytoestrogens significantly modulates prostate cancer risk and cardiovascular disease mortality. It is possible that these associations may be in part mediated through the influence of phytoestrogen intake on circulating levels of C-reactive protein.
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Nayvelt, Irina. "Molecular aspects of antiestrogen resistance and autophagy in breast cancer cells". 2009. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.000051386.
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