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1
Sanderson, Andrew. Recognition of 'extended-10' elements of bacterial promoters. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 2003.
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Burr, Tom. Recognition of 'extended-10' promoters by RNA polymerase. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 2000.
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Glucksmann, Maria Alexandra. Determinants of N4 virion RNA polymerase-promoter recognition. 1989.
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Diversity, Violence, and Recognition: How Recognizing Ethnic Identity Promotes Peace. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2020.
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Samii, Cyrus, i Elisabeth King. Diversity, Violence, and Recognition: How Recognizing Ethnic Identity Promotes Peace. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2020.
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Reader, Jocelyn, Sarah Lynam, Amy Harper, Gautam Rao, Maya Matheny i Dana M. Roque. Ovarian Tumor Microenvironment and Innate Immune Recognition. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190248208.003.0004.
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Ovarian adenocarcinoma is typified by detection at late stages with dissemination of cancer cells into the peritoneal cavity and frequent acquisition of chemoresistance. A number of studies show the importance of the tumor microenvironment and innate immune recognition in tumor progression. Ovarian cancer cells can regulate the composition of their stroma to promote the formation of ascitic fluid rich in cytokines and bioactive lipids such as PGE2, and to stimulate the differentiation of stromal cells into a pro-tumoral phenotype. In response, cancer-associated fibroblasts, cancer-associated mesenchymal stem cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and other peritoneal cells can act through direct and indirect mechanisms to regulate tumor growth, chemoresistance via alteration of class III β tubulin, angiogenesis and dissemination. This chapter deciphers the current knowledge about the role of stromal cells, associated secreted factors, and the immune system on tumor progression. This suggests that targeting the microenvironment holds great potential to improve the prognosis of patients with ovarian adenocarcinoma.
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Kistler, S. Ashley. Recognition and Immortality in the Market and Beyond. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038358.003.0004.
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This chapter examines how Chamelqueños define prestige and status and how market women accrue prestige through their roles as marketers. It argues that Chamelqueños earn prestige in their daily pursuits and social interactions. Participating in resurgence movements, helping to preserve and promote Q'eqchi' culture, working to support others, showing strong personal character, joining municipal and family celebrations, and in some cases, accruing financial wealth and resources, are among the many ways by which Chamelqueños garner prestige and define their status. For some Chamelqueños, marketing also serves as a way to generate status. The recognition earned through these means generates immortality, ensuring that their legacies will persist and be remembered by future generations of community members long after they are gone.
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Frost & Sullivan., red. U.S. electronic access control system markets: High security requirements promote biometric identification. Mountain View, CA: Frost & Sullivan, 1994.
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Jungbluth, Konstanze, Mônica Savedra i Rita Vallentin, red. Language – Belonging – Politics. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748911548.
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The premise of the contributions to this book is to conceive languages, groups and belonging in terms of social, symbolic and spatial boundaries. In language contact situations especially, linguistic and social inequalities deeply interconnect with shifting boundary formations that can promote or impede the political, social and linguistic recognition of minorities. This book offers a culturally and linguistically informed approach to border and boundary studies using conversation analysis, ethnography and studies of linguistic landscapes in language contact situations in the Romance world. The book promotes plurilingualism as an epistemological given and thus advocates a future of complex social and linguistic diversity. With contributions by Karolin Breda, M.A.; Prof. Dr. Gredson dos Santos; Dr. Mario Gaio; Prof. Dr. Konstanze Jungbluth; Dr. Giulia Pelillo-Hestermeyer; Dr. Jan Pöhlmann; Prof. Dr. Kanavillil Rajagopalan; Prof. Dr. Mônica Maria Guimarães Savedra; Dr. Reseda Streb and Dr. Rita Vallentin.
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Jan, McArthur, i Napier University, red. PROMOTE: Professional Recognition of Methods of Promoting Teaching and Learning Enhancement : alternative ways of fostering educational development in higher education. Edinburgh: Napier University, 2004.
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Bee Smarter Bee Smarter Books. Sight Words Word Search Puzzles for Kids 4-6: A First Word Search Book to Promote Word Recognition, Spelling, Memory and Mental Agility. Independently Published, 2020.
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Broyde, Michael J. Religious Arbitration as a Secular Value. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190640286.003.0011.
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This chapter states the case in favor of religious arbitration. The most important argument is that recognizing religious arbitration is a religious freedom imperative. Perhaps just as important, religious arbitration often resolves disputes better than does secular adjudication. Equally important, religious arbitration is necessary for resolving religious problems such as the agunah problem and very importantly, secular recognition of religious arbitration helps moderate and integrate religions generally. Related to that, secular recognition of religious arbitration promotes value sharing that enriches public policy and discourse. Precisely The chapter concludes by noting that precisely because as a society we can no longer agree on a single definition for what were once commonly held legal sacraments, religious arbitration is a fundamental tool to allowing many different and competing parts of society to flourish.
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Ladani, Sapna, Beverley J. Hunt i Sue Pavord. Obstetric haematology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0048.
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This chapter aims to cover aspects of haematology of pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum that are not addressed in other chapters. Obstetric haematology is a vast and complex area, the importance of which has promoted the development of this as a unique subspecialty. Thrombosis and bleeding, anaemia, haemoglobinopathies, and microangiopathies still account for significant morbidity and mortality in pregnancy, despite improvements in recognition, prevention, and management. Anaemia, due to iron deficiency, is highly prevalent in the pregnant population, but with early recognition and treatment, morbidity and need for unnecessary blood transfusion can be avoided. The management of women with thrombocytopenias and inherited bleeding disorders can be complex because of the haemostatic challenges of pregnancy. Pregnancies in women with haematological disorders need to be carefully managed to reduce mortality and morbidity in the mother and fetus. This chapter addresses the management of anaemia, haemoglobinopathies (mainly sickle cell disease), thrombocytopenia, microangiopathies, and the inherited bleeding disorders.
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Bestor, Theodore C. Washoku, Far and Near. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190240400.003.0006.
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This chapter analyzes the politics of cultural heritage and gastrodiplomacy, or official efforts at “edible nation branding” designed to increase trade, tourism, and national soft power. It explains how and why most Japanese conceive of washoku as a conceptual category in contrast with yōshoku, or Euro-American cuisine. Tracing Japan's pursuit of a UNESCO designation for washoku as an intangible cultural treasure, the chapter details how officials sought the award for both foreign recognition and to encourage the domestic public to consume more traditional foodstuffs. It also describes how a failed earlier effort to strictly regulate Japanese restaurants abroad, ridiculed as “the sushi police,” has led state agencies to adopt softer and more inclusive campaigns to promote washoku.
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Broyde, Michael J. The Case against Religious Arbitration. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190640286.003.0010.
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This chapter is a review of the basic arguments against religious arbitration. “One Law for One People” argues that allowing any private law is bad. A second argument is that religious arbitration produces substantive injustice, and a related argument is that religious arbitration produces procedural injustices. Some argue that religious arbitration is often coercive and is used to entrench unjust power relations in religious communities, and others modify that to claim that religious arbitration cannot be adequately policed or regulated in liberal societies committed to religious freedom. Related to this is the claim that secular enforcement of religious arbitration violates disputants’ rights to freedom of religion and maybe even that secular recognition of religious arbitration promotes isolation and non-integration among religious communities.
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Mbuwayesango, Dora. Sex and Sexuality in Biblical Narrative. Redaktor Danna Nolan Fewell. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199967728.013.39.
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This chapter examines the themes of sex and sexuality in the Hebrew Bible. The Hebrew Bible presents and promotes a heteronormative view of sexuality. The central idea behind the notion of heteronormativity is that heterosexuality is the norm and that any other form of sexual desire, expression, or relationship is abnormal and wrong. Heterosexuality is made to appear natural and normative in the Hebrew Bible through a focus on procreation and a recognition of only two biological sexes and corresponding two genders—male and female / man and woman—in biblical narratives. This chapter considers the strategies used by the Hebrew Bible to construct paternity, including the narrative motif of female barrenness, as well as sexual violence as an aspect of sexuality and the use of sexuality as an anti-conquest strategy in the biblical narratives.
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Moran, Michael. Theodore J. Lowi, “American Business, Public Policy, Case Studies and Political Theory”. Redaktorzy Martin Lodge, Edward C. Page i Steven J. Balla. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199646135.013.36.
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Lowi’s paper, considered in this chapter, is an acknowledged classic. But this begs the question of what “classic” status amounts to. The chapter examines competing conceptions of “classicism.” It then sketches the intellectual background to Lowi’s work, examines the impact of the piece in the conventional language of bibliometric analysis, and analyzes the intellectual coherence of Lowi’s arguments. It shows how Lowi’s intervention was a significant dissent from two dominant forms of political analysis: that popularized by Dahl and the behavioralists; and that associated with the institutional analyses of power promoted by Wright Mills. But it argues that the “classic” status of Lowi’s work consisted of its respectful recognition as a document in the history of the discipline, rather than amounting to any enduring influence on modern political analysis.
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Kulkarni, Kunal, James Harrison, Mohamed Baguneid i Bernard Prendergast, red. Infectious diseases and tropical medicine. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198729426.003.0013.
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Some of the earliest clinical trials were conducted in infectious diseases. In the 1940s, the development of the first antibiotics for treating tuberculosis coincided with the recognition that rigorous clinical trials were required to determine optimum drug combinations and duration of treatment. The joint efforts of bacteriologists, clinicians, and statisticians promoted the development of clinical trials, acknowledging that clinically valid endpoints and careful statistical analysis are vital for trials to provide evidence of sufficient quality to guide clinical practice. This chapter covers key questions in this field addressed by good-quality trials. It covers clinical evidence important to practitioners both overseas and in the UK. It focuses on trials that have generated key data, while also covering trials which address clinical problems that are important worldwide and less commonly seen in the UK where critical evaluation of current trials might be difficult.
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Benvenisti, Eyal. Community Interests in International Adjudication. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825210.003.0005.
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The chapter examines the extent to which international courts and tribunals can take community interests into consideration and develop community obligations. It explores the significance of this distinction between the ad hoc dispute-settlement tribunals and standing courts with jurisdiction to adjudicate multiple cases, and argues that the recursive function transforms international courts into global lawmakers that weave together a system of norms with secondary rules of recognition. International tribunals serve a crucial role of coordinating the behavior of state and nonstate actors by creating focal points that define the parties’ legal obligations and stabilize expectations. Moreover, the chapter argues that because of this function international courts are uniquely situated to take community interests into account, and they often, if not always, do so. This implies that if properly insulated from pressures and prejudices, international adjudicators are institutionally inclined to promote community obligations.
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Tsutsui, Kiyoteru. Ainu. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190853105.003.0002.
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This chapter starts with an examination of the long history of Ainu’s subjugation to mainland Japanese and their quiet acquiescence until the 1970s, when the Hokkaido Utari Association began to engage in international exchange. The international experiences from the 1970s gradually transformed Ainu leaders’ movement actorhood, leading to much more assertive collective mobilization by Ainu that leveraged international human rights forums with help from transnational activists. Their international activities exerted significant pressures on the Japanese government, prompting legislation of new laws to protect and promote Ainu culture and an official recognition of Ainu as an indigenous people. Ainu activists also contributed to the consolidation and expansion of international human and indigenous rights forums, legitimating the issue of indigenous rights outside typical settler colonies such as the United States, Canada, and Australia, and bringing in some resources to international indigenous forums.
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Webber, Jonathan. From Absurdity to Authenticity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198735908.003.0009.
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This chapter elucidates the existentialist problem of absurdity and analyses the eudaimonist responses offered by Fanon and Sartre. The core claim of existentialism that the reasons we encounter reflect our values, which we can choose to revise or replace, seems to entail that there can be no ultimate reason to prefer one set of values over another. Yet existentialism is the ethical theory that we ought to treat the freedom at the core of human existence as intrinsically valuable and the foundation of all other value. Eudaimonist arguments for authenticity hold it to be essential for avoiding anxiety, despair, and interpersonal conflict. But they can establish at best that we should recognize human freedom, not that we should respect or promote it. And they cannot provide overriding reasons for this recognition, only reasons that might be outweighed by other reasons grounded in the agent’s values.
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Davies, Aled. The City of London and the Politics of ‘Invisibles’. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804116.003.0004.
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This chapter considers the resurgence of the City of London as an international financial centre in the late twentieth century. It highlights the role played by a campaign to promote the revival of the City as a post-sterling international financial centre. The Committee on Invisible Exports campaigned for the recognition of the City’s contribution to Britain’s balance of payments through its ‘invisible earnings’, and argued that this could be increased by reducing impediments on its activities. The invisibles campaign was a distinct product of the post-war preoccupation with the balance of payments, which challenged the fundamental belief, embedded in economic policy since the war, that the route to national prosperity was in expanding industrial production. The campaign sought to reconceptualize Britain as a historic commercial and financial, rather than industrial, economy. In doing so it undercut a core principle on which the social democratic political–economic project was based.
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Kleege, Georgina. Touch Tourism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190604356.003.0005.
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The chapter begins with an account of a touch tour at New York’s Museum of Modern Art and goes on to describe similar programs elsewhere. These programs vary widely in terms of their understanding and expectations of blind perception. I will also discuss sites that require visitors to interact with architecture or landscape nonvisually. The “Cathedrals through Touch and Sound” program in England promotes recognition that appreciating architecture engages senses beyond sight. Similarly, a topiary reproduction of Georges Seurat’s “Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte,” though not designed for blind visitors, gives a tactile and kinaesthetic understanding of the painting’s perspective and composition. Ultimately, the chapter calls on museum educators to find ways to collect the observations of blind visitors. Since everyone does not have the opportunity to touch the art, it makes sense to capture the insights of those who do in the interest of enlarging cultural knowledge.
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Doyno, Mary Harvey. The Lay Saint. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501740206.001.0001.
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This book investigates the phenomenon of saintly cults that formed around pious merchants, artisans, midwives, domestic servants, and others in the medieval communes of northern and central Italy. The book uses the rise of and tensions surrounding these civic cults to explore medieval notions of lay religiosity, charismatic power, civic identity, and the church's authority in this period. Although claims about laymen's and laywomen's miraculous abilities challenged the church's expanding political and spiritual dominion, both papal and civic authorities, the book finds, vigorously promoted their cults. It shows that this support was neither a simple reflection of the extraordinary lay religious zeal that marked late medieval urban life nor of the Church's recognition of that enthusiasm. Rather, the history of lay saints' cults powerfully illustrates the extent to which lay Christians embraced the vita apostolic—the ideal way of life as modeled by the Apostles—and of the church's efforts to restrain and manage such claims.
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Trousdale, Rachel. Humor, Empathy, and Community in Twentieth-Century American Poetry. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192895714.001.0001.
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Humor, Empathy, and Community in Twentieth-Century American Poetry argues that American poets of the last hundred years use laughter to promote recognition of shared humanity across difference. Freud and Bergson argue that laughter patrols the boundary between in-group and out-group, but laughter can also help us cross or re-draw that boundary, creating a more democratic understanding of shared experience. Poets’ uses of humor reveal and reinforce deep-seated beliefs about the possibility of empathic mutual understanding among unlike interlocutors. These beliefs also shape poets’ senses of audience and their attitudes toward the notion that poets are somehow exceptional. When poets use humor to promote empathy, they make a claim about the basic ethical function of poetry, because humor and poetry share fundamental structures: both combine disparate subjects into newly meaningful wholes. Taking W. H. Auden and Marianne Moore on one side and Ezra Pound and T. S. Eliot on the other as competing models of how humor can embrace, exclude, and transform, the book charts a developing poetics of laughter in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries through the work of Sterling Brown, Elizabeth Bishop, Stephanie Burt, Cathy Park Hong, and Lucille Clifton, among others. Poets whose race, gender, sexual orientation, or experimentalism place them outside the American mainstream are especially interested in humor’s potential to transcend the very differences it demarcates. Such writers increasingly replace mockery, satire, and other humorous attacks with comic forms that heighten readers’ understanding of and empathy with individuals, while revealing the failures of dominant hierarchical moral and logical systems.
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Rubio-Marín, Ruth, i Will Kymlicka, red. Gender Parity and Multicultural Feminism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829621.001.0001.
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Around the world, we see a ‘participatory turn’ in the pursuit of gender equality, exemplified by the adoption of gender quotas in national legislatures to promote women’s role as decision-makers. We also see a ‘pluralism turn’, with increasing legal recognition given to the customary law or religious law of minority groups and indigenous groups. To date, the former trend has primarily benefitted majority women, and the latter has primarily benefitted minority men. Neither has effectively ensured the participation of minority women. In response, multicultural feminists have proposed institutional innovations to strengthen the voice of minority women, both at the state level and in decisions about the interpretation and evolution of cultural and religious practices. This volume explores the connection between gender parity and multicultural feminism, both at the level of theory and in practice. The authors explore a range of cases from Europe, Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa, in relation to state law, customary law, religious law, and indigenous law. While many obstacles remain, and many women continue to suffer from the paradox of multicultural vulnerability, these innovations in theory and practice offer new prospects for reconciling gender equality and pluralism.
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Haxby, Elizabeth, i Susanna Walker. Patient safety and clinical governance. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0003.
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Clinical governance appeared as a concept in the UK in the late 1990s following scandals in which patients were harmed as a consequence of health care failures. Further international research estimates that one in ten inpatients suffer harm as a result of their health care, leading to death in some cases. Clinical governance is a framework centred around domains of patient safety, clinical effectiveness, and patient experience, underpinned by effective teamwork, leadership, and communication. Its aim is to ensure consistent, reliable, high-quality care delivered by competent individuals in a safe environment. Understanding why things go wrong in health care is key to finding solutions to ensure patient safety. Health care is an increasingly high-risk activity at organizational, departmental, and individual levels, and hazard identification and management are important. Recent recognition of human factors as contributing to many adverse events has facilitated the exploration of how health care professionals function within the context of a high-pressure, unpredictable environment. Lessons from non-health care industries have changed focus from blaming individuals for errors to understanding systems and how they can promote or mitigate failure. The development of non-technical skills, such as teamwork, is vital, and a number of approaches to improving this element of human behaviour are described.
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Lal, Mira, i Johannes Bitzer. Disease severity, pain, and patient perception: themes in clinical practice and research. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198749547.003.0006.
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Chapter 6 begins with a discussion of how to assess disease severity. It then moves on to the concepts of physical and emotional pain, which are particularly useful for understanding pelvic floor problems, infertility, pregnancy loss, and chronic pelvic pain. All of these have biological, psychological, and social features associated with their aetiopathogenesis, and presentations. To manage these conditions effectively, it is crucial to understand the patient's perception. First, pelvic/perineal dysfunction is addressed. This includes the loss of urinary and bowel continence, with deleterious effects on biopsychosocial health. The condition is common, and can cause severe morbidity following any delivery mode, including a planned caesarean. This is illustrated by an evaluation of biopsychosocial morbidity, quantified by categorising patient perceptions of severity of incontinence, and related sexual problems. The psychosomatic repercussions of infertility, miscarriage, stillbirth, and chronic pelvic pain are then appraised. Since physical and emotional pain can affect these conditions, timely recognition and biopsychosocial management helps promote positive physical, mental and social health. A special focus is given to endometrial implants outside the uterine cavity (endometriosis). These can cause chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and pregnancy loss, but may be symptomless. Their aetiology remains unclear. Ovulation suppression relieves pain and treatment is tentative, with removal of the affected pelvic organs being an extreme option. Even after this, however, symptoms may persist. A pathway using the tailored psychosomatic approach is advocated to provide patient-centred care where indicated.
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Mayisela, Tabisa, Shanali C. Govender i Cheryl Ann Hodgkinson-Williams. Open Learning as a Means of Advancing Social Justice: Cases in Post-School Education and Training in South Africa. African Minds, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/9781928502425.
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This volume investigates the uptake of ‘open learning’ in South African Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) colleges and higher education institutions. Comprised of 16 studies focused on activities at a range of colleges and universities across the country, these chapters aim to promote a better understanding of open learning practices across the Post-School Education and Training (PSET) sector, including issues such as: recognition of prior learning, access for students with disabilities, work integrated learning, professional development, novel student funding mechanisms, leadership for open educational practices, institutional culture, student support, blended and online learning, flexible learning, online assessment, open educational resource development models and funding, and micro-credentials. This collection of peer-reviewed chapters contributes to understanding the ways in which South African PSET institutions and educators are interpreting ‘open learning’ as a means of advancing social justice. It includes a historical and contemporary understanding of the economic, cultural and political obstacles facing PSET, drawing on Nancy Fraser’s theory of social justice as ‘participatory parity’ to better understand the ways in which ‘open learning’ may address systemic social injustices in order to allow South African students and educators to thrive. This volume emerges from research conducted by the Cases on Open Learning (COOL) project, an initiative by the Department of Higher Education and Training in partnership with the Centre for Innovation in Learning and Teaching (CILT) at the University of Cape Town (UCT) in South Africa.
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Clark, David. To Comfort Always. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199674282.001.0001.
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Palliative medicine was first recognized as a specialist field in the United Kingdom in 1987. One hundred years earlier, the London-based doctor William Munk had published a treatise on ‘easeful death’ that mapped out the principles of practical, spiritual, and medical support at the end of life. In the intervening years a major process of development took place, which led to innovative services, new approaches to the study and relief of pain and other distressing symptoms, a growing interest in ‘holistic’ care for those with advanced disease, and a desire to gain more recognition for end-of-life care. This book traces the history of palliative medicine, from its nineteenth-century origins, to its modern practice around the world today. It takes in the changing meaning of ‘euthanasia’; assesses the role of religious and philanthropic organizations in the creation of homes for the dying; and explores how twentieth-century doctors created a special focus on the care of those for whom cure or recovery is not possible. To Comfort Always traces the rise of clinical studies, academic programmes, and international collaborations to promote palliative care. It examines the continuing need to provide evidence in support of development and assesses the dilemmas of unequal access to services and pain-relieving drugs, as well as the periodic accusations of creeping medicalization within the field. The first history of its kind, it concludes with some reflections on the achievements of palliative medicine to date and the challenges that remain.
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Bellaviti, Sean. Música Típica. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190936464.001.0001.
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This book tells the story of a form of music that enjoys unparalleled popularity in a country that itself possesses instant name recognition but is very little known and very little studied. Panamanian música típica or cumbia, as this music is variously called, is intrinsically linked to the social and political history of a sliver of land that connects North and South America while providing passage between two great oceans. This book shows that to appreciate música típica is to appreciate the development of the isthmian crossing, the construction of the Panama Canal, and, most significantly, the lives of rural people living along this waterway and deeper in the Panamanian interior. The author draws on both ethnographic and archival research to reconstruct a twentieth-century social history of Panamanian música típica, examining the music in relation to the development of Panamanian nationalism. Notwithstanding its widespread popularity and identification with rural society, música típica has only infrequently been promoted as a form of official musical nationalism. Indeed, its links to Panamanian nationalist sentiment are often indirect and ambiguous. In focusing on musicians and their approaches to musical fusion, their varied performance practices, and links they forged with both rural and urban audiences, this book shows how, while these performers may not have self-identified as “nationalists,” their music was central to the development of a sense of nationhood even as they actively cultivated performance identities that straddled some the most pronounced ethnic and social class schisms in Panamanian society.
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Omorogbe, Yinka, i Ada Ordor, red. Ending Africa's Energy Deficit and the Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198819837.001.0001.
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The book Achieving Sustainable Energy for All in Africa addresses the role of law in securing energy access for huge numbers of people in Africa who live without the benefit of modern energy services. Contributions to the book offer a variety of legal and socio-legal perspectives on the subject of energy access, describing the dire situation of energy poverty on the African continent and emphasizing its implications for overall development. Specific themes addressed include the concept of energy justice, the international human rights framework for advancing the notion of a right to energy, and the role of regulation and legal reform in achieving the desired levels of energy access. In particular, attention is focused on the use of law and policy to create an enabling environment, including appropriate dispute resolution mechanisms, for the financing of energy infrastructure and the development of new forms of energy. In relation to the latter, key considerations for constituting intellectual property governance regimes that promote access to relevant technology are canvassed. Furthermore, the disproportionate impact of energy poverty on women, children, and disabled persons is highlighted in the context of the limitations of existing law and the growing recognition of this reality in emerging legal interventions. The environmental dimension, which similarly affects these vulnerable population groups, is directed at the water-energy nexus, critical to the provision of clean water and clean energy. The focus on Nigeria and South Africa in some chapters reflects the institutional collaboration from which this volume has emerged.
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Badimon, Lina, i Gemma Vilahur. Atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0040.
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Atherosclerosis is the main underlying cause of heart disease. The continuous exposure to cardiovascular risk factors induces endothelial activation/dysfunction which enhances the permeability of the endothelial layer and the expression of cytokines/chemokines and adhesion molecules. This results in the accumulation of lipids (low-density lipoprotein particles) in the extracellular matrix and the triggering of an inflammatory response. Accumulated low-density lipoprotein particles suffer modifications and become pro-atherogenic, enhancing leucocyte recruitment and further transmigration across the endothelium into the intima. Infiltrated monocytes differentiate into macrophages which acquire a specialized phenotypic polarization (protective or harmful), depending on the stage of the atherosclerosis progression. Once differentiated, macrophages upregulate pattern recognition receptors capable of engulfing modified low-density lipoprotein, leading to foam cell formation. Foam cells release growth factors and cytokines that promote vascular smooth muscle cell migration into the intima, which then internalize low-density lipoprotein via low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 receptors. As the plaque evolves, the number of vascular smooth muscle cells decline, whereas the presence of fragile/haemorrhagic neovessels increases, promoting plaque destabilization. Disruption of this atherosclerotic lesion exposes thrombogenic surfaces that initiate platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation, as well as thrombin generation. Both lipid-laden vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages release the procoagulant tissue factor, contributing to thrombus propagation. Platelets also participate in progenitor cell recruitment and drive the inflammatory response mediating the atherosclerosis progression. Recent data attribute to microparticles a potential modulatory effect in the overall atherothrombotic process. This chapter reviews our current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in atherogenesis, highlights platelet contribution to thrombosis and atherosclerosis progression, and provides new insights into how atherothrombosis may be modulated.
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Badimon, Lina, i Gemma Vilahur. Atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0040_update_001.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Atherosclerosis is the main underlying cause of heart disease. The continuous exposure to cardiovascular risk factors induces endothelial activation/dysfunction which enhances the permeability of the endothelial layer and the expression of cytokines/chemokines and adhesion molecules. This results in the accumulation of lipids (low-density lipoprotein particles) in the intimal layer and the triggering of an inflammatory response. Accumulated low-density lipoprotein particles attached to the extracellular matrix suffer modifications and become pro-atherogenic, enhancing leucocyte recruitment and further transmigration across the endothelium into the intima. Infiltrated pro-atherogenic monocytes (mainly Mon2) differentiate into macrophages which acquire a specialized phenotypic polarization (protective/M1 or harmful/M2), depending on the stage of the atherosclerosis progression. Once differentiated, macrophages upregulate pattern recognition receptors capable of engulfing modified low-density lipoprotein, leading to foam cell formation. Foam cells release growth factors and cytokines that promote vascular smooth muscle cell migration into the intima, which then internalize low-density lipoproteins via low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 receptors becoming foam cells. As the plaque evolves, the number of vascular smooth muscle cells decline, whereas the presence of fragile/haemorrhagic neovessels and calcium deposits increases, promoting plaque destabilization. Disruption of this atherosclerotic lesion exposes thrombogenic surfaces rich in tissue factor that initiate platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation, as well as thrombin generation. Platelets also participate in leucocyte and progenitor cell recruitment are likely to mediate atherosclerosis progression. Recent data attribute to microparticles a modulatory effect in the overall atherothrombotic process and evidence their potential use as systemic biomarkers of thrombus growth. This chapter reviews our current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in atherogenesis, highlights platelet contribution to thrombosis and atherosclerosis progression, and provides new insights into how atherothrombosis may be prevented and modulated.
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Badimon, Lina, i Gemma Vilahur. Atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0040_update_002.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Atherosclerosis is the main underlying cause of heart disease. The continuous exposure to cardiovascular risk factors induces endothelial activation/dysfunction which enhances the permeability of the endothelial layer and the expression of cytokines/chemokines and adhesion molecules. This results in the accumulation of lipids (low-density lipoprotein particles) in the intimal layer and the triggering of an inflammatory response. Accumulated low-density lipoprotein particles attached to the extracellular matrix suffer modifications and become pro-atherogenic, enhancing leucocyte recruitment and further transmigration across the endothelium into the intima. Infiltrated pro-atherogenic monocytes (mainly Mon2) differentiate into macrophages which acquire a specialized phenotypic polarization (protective/M1 or harmful/M2), depending on the stage of the atherosclerosis progression. Once differentiated, macrophages upregulate pattern recognition receptors capable of engulfing modified low-density lipoprotein, leading to foam cell formation. Foam cells release growth factors and cytokines that promote vascular smooth muscle cell migration into the intima, which then internalize low-density lipoproteins via low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 receptors becoming foam cells. As the plaque evolves, the number of vascular smooth muscle cells decline, whereas the presence of fragile/haemorrhagic neovessels and calcium deposits increases, promoting plaque destabilization. Disruption of this atherosclerotic lesion exposes thrombogenic surfaces rich in tissue factor that initiate platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation, as well as thrombin generation. Platelets also participate in leucocyte and progenitor cell recruitment are likely to mediate atherosclerosis progression. Recent data attribute to microparticles a modulatory effect in the overall atherothrombotic process and evidence their potential use as systemic biomarkers of thrombus growth. This chapter reviews our current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in atherogenesis, highlights platelet contribution to thrombosis and atherosclerosis progression, and provides new insights into how atherothrombosis may be prevented and modulated.
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Esteban-Salvador, Maria Luisa, red. The International Conference on Multidisciplinary Per- pectives on Equality and Diversity in Sports (ICMPEDS). 14th to the 16th of july 2021 . Book of abstracts. Universidad de Zaragoza, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/uz.978-84-18321-32-0.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The International Conference on Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Equality and Diversity in Sports (ICMPEDS) is organized by GESPORT with the support of the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union from the 14th to the 16th of July 2021. The conference is an excellent forum for academics, researchers, practitioners, athletes, man- agers and professionals of federations, associations and sport organizations, and those other- wise involved in sport to share and exchange ideas in different areas of sport related equality worldwide. We will keep you informed by email and post the latest information on this matter on the GESPORT website and social media. Sport and its management continues to be a field where men and masculinity strongly prevail. This conference aims to investigate the complexities attached to the following questions: What does gender openness mean in the context of sport in the 21st century? What persists as gen- der closure in the same context? What are the gender cultures that signify sport continuing to be defined by regimes that resort to a dominant masculinity embodied in a strong and athletic male body? Moreover, and albeit some exceptions, athletes, practitioners, decision and policy makers, and sports spectators are predominantly men. In this sense, gender discrimination and segregation are present in multiple aspects of sport. Some illustrations include: a) male athletes have high salaries, more career opportunities, and get more recognition by society than female athletes; b) management and leadership positions in sports organizations are mainly occupied by men, including in sports traditionally considered as feminine and which have become feminised (e.g. gymnastics and dance); c) masculinised sports and its male athletes have much more attention and recognition from the media than female athletes; d) sports journalism continues to be predominantly produced and managed by men; e) some sports spectatorships cultures are marked by rituals and interactions that resort to masculine tribalism, often leading to aggressive and violent behaviours. Gender discrimination in sport is somehow socially normalised and accepted through a dis- course that essentialises the embodied sexual differences between genders. This gender dis- course legitimises the exclusion of women in some sports modalities and traps female bodies in sociocultural constructions as less able to exercise and engage in sport, or as the second and weaker version of the ideal masculine body. However, there are signs that the context of sport may be changing. The European Union and some national governments have made an effort to promote gender equality and diversity by fostering the adoption of gender equality codes/policies in different modalities and in in- ternational and local sports organizations. These new policies aim to increase female partic- ipation and recognition in sport, their access to leadership positions and involvement in the decision-making in sport structures. Additionally, the number of women practising non-com- petitive sport and as sports spectators have started growing, leading to new representations of sport and challenging the role of women in such a context. Finally, different body constructions and the emergence of alternative embodied femininities and masculinities are also challeng- ing how athletes of both genders experience their bodies and sports practice. Yet, research is scarce about the impact of these changes/challenges in the sports context. This conference will focus on mapping gender relations in sport and its management by taking into account the different modalities, contexts, institutional policies, organizational structures and actors (e.g. athletes, spectators, media professionals, sport decision makers and man- agers). It will treat sport and its management as one avenue where gender segregation and inequality occurs, but also adopt such as a space that presents an opportunity for change and does so as a widely applicable topic whose traits and culture are reflected in organizations and work more broadly. In this sense, the conference is interested in theoretical and empirical research work that may explore, but are not limited to the following issues: • Women representativeness in sports modalities and in sport organizational structures in different countries; • Women and management accounting in sport organizations; • The gender regimes that (re)produce different sports policies, modalities, and institu- tions in sport; • The stories of resistance/conformity of women that already occupy different roles in sport contexts; • The challenges and impact of conventional and new body representations in sports institutions and including athletes of both genders; • The discourses of masculinities in sport and its effect on women and men athletes; • The emergence of nationalism and populist discourses in political and governments states and their impact on the (re)shaping of masculinity and femininity constructions in sport; • The gendered transformations of the spectators’ gaze in what concerns different sports modalities; • The effects of new groups of sports spectators on gender relations in sport; • The discourses in media and its participation in the sports gender (in)equality; • The impact of new technologies, and new practices of training/coaching in the body- work and identities of athletes of both genders.
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Esteban Salvador, María Luisa, Gonca Güngör Göksu, Tiziana Di Cimbrini i Emilia Fernandes. Multidisciplinary perspectives on equality and diversity in sports 2022. Universidad de Zaragoza, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/uz.978-84-18321-44-3.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Albeit some exceptions, athletes, practitioners, decision and policymakers, and sports spectators are predominantly men. In this sense, gender segregation and discrimination are present in multiple aspects of sports, and are socially normalised and accepted through a discourse that essentialises the embodied sexual differences between genders. This gender discourse legitimises the exclusion of women in some sports modalities considered masculine and traped them to those considered as predominantly feminine and feminized It traps female bodies in socio-cultural constructions as less able to exercise and engage in sport or as the second and weaker version of the ideal masculine body. Sports and its management continue to be a field where men and masculinity strongly prevail. The International Congress on Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Equality and Diversity in Sport (ICMPEDS) aimed to investigate the complexities of the following questions: What does gender openness mean in the context of sport in the 21st century? What persists as gender closure in the same context? What are the gender cultures that signify sport continuing to be defined by regimes that resort to dominant masculinity embodied in a strong and male athletic body? Which factors are assessed as the driving forces of these gender cultures that reveal male dominance in the sports field? However, there are significant signs that the context of sport may be changing. The European Union and some national governments have efforted to promote gender equality and diversity by fostering the adoption of gender equality codes/policies in various modalities, and international and local sports organizations. These new policies aim to increase female participation and recognition in sports, their access to leadership positions and involvement in the decision-making in sport structures. Additionally, the number of women practising non-competitive sports and as sports spectators have started growing. This improvement leads to new representations of sports and challenges the roles of women in such a context. Different body constructions and the emergence of alternative embodied femininities and masculinities are also challenging how athletes of both genders experience their bodies and sports practice. Nevertheless, the research on the impacts of these changes/challenges in sports is scarce. This book focuses on mapping gender relations in sports and its management by considering the different modalities, contexts, institutional policies, organizational structures and actors. It treats sports and its management as one avenue where gender segregation and inequality occur, but it also adopts such a space that presents an opportunity for change and a widely applicable topic whose traits and culture are reflected in organizations and work more broadly.