Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Projection à la flamme

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Projection à la flamme”

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Data publikacji: 26 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Projection à la flamme"

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Guénard, C., i P. Velluet. "Réparation des revêtements de convertisseurs par projection à travers une flamme". Revue de Métallurgie 82, nr 7 (lipiec 1985): 535–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/198582070535.

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Younes, Rassim, Mohand Amokrane Bradai, Abdelhamid Sadeddine, Youcef Mouadji i Abderrahim Benabbas. "Influence des post-traitements sur la résistance à l’usure des dépôts en superalliage Ni-Cr-Al-Mo obtenus par projection thermique". Matériaux & Techniques 106, nr 6 (2018): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2019003.

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Ce travail porte sur la caractérisation microstructurale, structurale et mécanique des dépôts métalliques à base Nickel déposés sous forme de poudres par la technique de projection thermique flamme-poudre sur un substrat type E335. Pour améliorer les propriétés de ces dépôts, des traitements thermiques sont préconisés en vue d’homogénéiser ces derniers et permettre d’obtenir de meilleures propriétés mécaniques. Ces post-traitements ont été réalisés à différentes températures 400, 600 et 800 °C avec un temps de maintien d’une heure et un refroidissement à l’air. La caractérisation structurale et microstructurale de la poudre et des dépôts est obtenue en utilisant le microscope électronique à balayage (MEB) et la diffraction X (DRX). Des relevés de micro duretés Vickers ont été également réalisés sur la surface de ces dépôts. Les essais tribologiques ont été réalisés avec une configuration pion-disque à différentes charges avec deux vitesses de glissement en vue de déterminer le taux d’usure. Les observations microstructurales ont montré que les traitements effectués aux températures de 400 et 600 °C ont réduit les porosités en rendant les microstructures plus homogènes et plus denses par le phénomène de colmatage. Par contre, le traitement à 800 °C a présenté un délaminage au niveau de l’interface substrat/dépôt. Les résultats d’usure ont révélé que la vitesse de glissement et la pression de contact appliquée influent sur la variation du taux d’usure et que les dépôts traités à 400 °C présentent une meilleure résistance à l’usure que ceux traités à 600 et 800 °C.
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Santoyo, Héctor Hugo Rodríguez, José Martin Medina Flores i Arturo Barba Pingarrón. "Flame Spray Projection of a Bioactive Hidroxyapatite Coating on Ti6Al4V for Biomedical Applications". Advanced Materials Research 716 (lipiec 2013): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.716.291.

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This work consisted in the development and characterization of a bioactive coating on Ti6Al4V samples by flame spray projection. A synthetichidroxyapatite powder was used to form the coatings. Oxygen and acetylene gas were used as combustible, and the metallic substrate was Ti6Al4V with a roughness of 0.4 and 2.3 μm. The time process varied from 5 to 60 seconds. The projection distance was of 22 cm.The spray coatings were mechanical tested; in all cases, the results indicated that the coatings were well adhered to the metallic surfaces and the metallic subtracts did not present any degradation of the mechanical properties. In addition, the coatings were immersed in simulated body fluids for 21 days in physiological conditions to evaluate the bioactivity. The results demonstrated that the coatings are potentially bioactive through the formation of a dense and homogeneous apatite layer similar to the bone. Results of X-ray diffraction exhibited evidence of a hidroxyapatite layer and by energy dispersive spectroscopy, a Ca/P ratio of 1.57 was obtained. This is an indication of that the use of flame spray projection to coat Ti6Al4V substrates do not decompose the original hidroxyapatite powder. Compositional analysis of the remnant fluids, made by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry, showed that nonmetallic ions were present in the coatings.
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García-Manso, Angélica. "El borrado en la pintura conceptual. De la iconografía de Dánae a la de Sémele en Hilario Bravo". ACCADERE. Revista de Historia del Arte, nr 2 (2021): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.histarte.2021.02.03.

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"Within the conceptual approaches that define the aesthetics of the painter Hilario Bravo, the transformation of a work is a standard response in 20th-century art. On a few occasions, however, the radical nature of the transmutation causes the work to change its title and meaning completely. This is the case with Flammae, a work from 2014 in a series dedicated to the relationship between flame, thought and the act of creation, which in 2017 is transformed into Semele, at a time when the artist’s main concern is the search for cathasterism as the ultimate projection of fire. This has key hermeneutical implications, both from a mythological perspective and from the iconography of the Christian tradition, but, above all, it fulfils the meaning of the work: a painting about the creative process that leads to a reflection on the immanence of the work."
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Wan, Minggang, i Jihui Zhuang. "Projection model for flame chemiluminescence tomography based on lens imaging". Optical Engineering 57, nr 04 (17.04.2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.57.4.043106.

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Xie, Kai, Xingqi Qiu, Yunjing Cui i Jianxin Wang. "Experimental study on the effect of spray cone angle on the characteristics of horizontal jet spray flame under sub-atmospheric pressure". Thermal Science 24, nr 5 Part A (2020): 2941–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci181106014x.

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The burning state of a plateau environment is attracting more and more attention. In this paper, in order to have a deeper scientific understanding of diesel spray combustion and the characteristics of a flame under different spray cone angles in a plateau environment, experiments were carried out in a low pressure chamber. The flame morphology was recorded by a high speed video instrument, and the temperature change was recorded by a thermal imager and thermocouples. The MATLAB programming was used to process the video image of the flame, and the probability of its binarization was calculated. The results indicate that the flame becomes longer and wider under different pressures with the same spray angle. The variation is more pronounced at a smaller spray taper angle. The flame uplifted height characteristic is mainly negatively related to the atmospheric pressure. According to the normalized flame temperature and the dimensionless horizontal projection, the length can be divided into three regions. In the region of buoyancy flame, the dimensionless temperature varies with sub-atmospheric pressure more than with normal pressure. In addition, under different spray cone angle conditions, the law of variation in the normalized flame temperature under sub-atmospheric pressure is exactly opposite to that under normal pressure. This study is of great significance to the scientific research on flames in a low pressure environment, and the design of different fuel nozzles for application in a plateau environment.
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Seabra, Eurico, Luís Silva, Fuad Aliew i Joana Morais Sarmento. "Adhesion strength of flame sprayed ceramic coatings obtained by robotic projection". Millenium - Journal of Education, Technologies, and Health, nr 9 (30.05.2019): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29352/mill0209.01.00177.

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Zhang, Xiaolei, Longhua Hu, Xiaochun Zhang, Fei Tang, Yong Jiang i Yujie Lin. "Flame projection distance of horizontally oriented buoyant turbulent rectangular jet fires". Combustion and Flame 176 (luty 2017): 370–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.10.016.

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Zhu, Shu Xian, Xue Li Zhu i Yong Jun Zhu. "A New Method of Flame Image Segmentation". Advanced Materials Research 562-564 (sierpień 2012): 1365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.562-564.1365.

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Separating flame image from background is a precondition and necessary link for identification for recognition algorithm. In current application, the Otsu method is a simple, effective and threshold value selection method suitable for real time processing, but the limitation of this method is it depends too much on the image pattern of “double peak histogram”. To overcome the weakness and shortcoming of Otsu method, this paper puts forward a new method based on grayscale integral projection, for flame image segmentation and positioning. Experiments have proved that this method not only can separate a flame image from background correctly, but also can position the center of a flame image quickly so as to provide the important criterion for dynamic recognition of flame image.
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Laclos, Laurent. "Flamme Flamme". Vertigo 39, nr 1 (2011): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ver.039.0110.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Projection à la flamme"

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Gonzalez, Hernandez Andrés Giovanni. "Etude du comportement à haute température de revêtements nanostructurés élaborés par projection thermique (combustion et plasma) à partir de poudres et de suspensions". Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0046/document.

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Le sujet de recherche de cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude du comportement à une haute température de revêtements nanostructurés à base de zircone, lequel comprend: la caractérisation des matières premières, la fabrication et caractérisation des propriétés des dépôts et finalement le plus important du travail a été son comportement à une haute température, surtout dans des ambients agressifs. Trois types de techniques de projection thermique ont été utilisés pour élaborer les dépôts: flamme (FS), plasma atmosphérique en utilisant comme matière première des poudres (APS) et suspensions (SPS). Trois types de substrats ont été utilisés et caractérisés pour la fabrication des revêtements: un acier à faible carbone (AISI / SAE12L15), acier inoxydable 304L et superalliage Inconel 718. Une couche de liaison de Ni-Al-Mo a été utilisée pour la projection thermique pour flamme et une couche de liaison de NiCrAlCo-Y2O3 pour la technique de APS et SPS. Les revêtements ont été caractérisés pour analyser sa morphologie de la section transversale, la surface, la composition élémentaire des zones d'intérêt, des phases, l'épaisseur, la porosité, la microdureté, groupes vibratoires, la résistance à la corrosion et à l'usure. En addition, le plus important était caractériser les performances à haute température des dépôts par des tests comme le choc thermique, l'oxydation isothermique et la corrosion à chaud avec des sels. Pour analyser le comportement des revêtements après avoir été soumis à ces essais, une étude de la morphologie de la surface et section transversal, la composition élémentaire et l'analyse des phases dans les régions d'intérêt ont également été effectuées
The research topic of this thesis is devoted on the study of the behavior of nanostructured coatings based on zirconia, which extends from the characterization of raw materials through manufacturing, characterization of the properties of the coatings and then end up in the study of their behavior at high temperature, especially in strong environments to make them comparable. Three kinds of techniques were used for manufacturing the coatings: flame spraying (FS), atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) and suspensions plasma spraying (SPS).Three types of substrates were used and characterized for manufacturing the coatings: a low carbon steel (AISI/SAE12L15), stainless steel 304L and superalloy Inconel 718. A surface treatment of blasting with corundum was applied to all substrates in order to generate a noticeable roughness (> 5 µm), then apply a bond coat of Ni-Al-Mo for the technique FS and a bond coat of NiCrAlCo-Y2O3 for the technique APS and SPS. The coatings were characterized to know and correlate the morphology of the cross section and surface, elemental composition of the zones of interest, phases, thickness, porosity, microhardness, vibrational groups, corrosion resistance and wear resistance. Additionally, the most important was to characterize the high temperature performance of the coating by tests as thermal shock, isothermal oxidation and hot corrosion with salts. For knowing the behavior of the coatings after being subjected to these tests, a study of the morphology of the surface and cross-section, elemental composition and phases analysis in the regions of interest have also been carried out
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Vargas, Fabio. "Elaboration de couches céramiques épaisses à structures micrométriques et nanométriques par projections thermiques pour des applications tribologiques". Limoges, 2010. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/5ebc961d-ad83-473c-9dcb-1865814e9bfd/blobholder:0/2010LIMO4060.pdf.

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Des dépôts d'alumine-oxyde de titane (Al2O3-TiO2) contenant 13 et 45 % en masse de TIO2 (nommés AT-13 et AT-45) ont été élaborés par projection thermique et leur résistance à l'usure a été corrélée à leurs propriétés physico-chimiques et mécaniques, elles-mêmes liées aux conditions de projection. Deux types de projections thermiques ont été utilisés : la projection plasma à pression atmosphérique et la projection à la flamme oxyacéthylénique. Dans ce dernier cas, deux mises en forme des matériaux de départ ont été projetés : des poudres et des cordons. Les matériaux de départ ont été projetés selon différentes conditions à plusieurs enthalpies pour obtenir des dépôts avec des propriétés physico-chimiques diverses. L'effet de la structure des dépôts, de leur composition chimique et de leurs phases sur leurs propriétés mécaniques et leur résistance à l'usure a été étudié. La résistance à l'usure a été déterminée par contact élastique abrasif glissant entre la surface des dépôts et une bille d'alumine de 6 mm de diamètre. Une charge de 5 N et une vitesse tangentielle de rotation du disque recouvert de 10 cm/s ont été appliqués pendant 20. 000 cycles. L'effet du contact plastique à sec entre la surface des dépôts et un foret d'acier de 12,5 mm de diamètre a été étudié en appliquant une charge de 390 N et une vitesse de rotation de 360 rpm pendant 10 et 300 secondes. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que les dépôts AT-13 sont plus résistants à l'usure que ceux AT-45 du fait de la présence de l'alumine αet γ, qui sont des phases de haute résistance mécanique. Les dépôts AT-45 constitués par les phases Al2TiO5 et l'Al6Ti2O13, étaient fragiles et leur dureté plus faible. Les dépôts élaborés par projection plasma étaient plus résistants que ceux élaborés par flamme oxyacétylénique du fait de leur cohésion interlamellaire supérieure
Alumina titania coatings with 13 wt. % and 45 wt. % of TiO2 (AT-13 and AT-45 respectively) were sprayed by atmospheric plasma spray and oxy-acetylene flame using micro structured powders or cords. Additionally, nanometer sized agglomerated particles (AT-13) were plasma sprayed. Particles from powders and cords were sprayed using oxyacetylene flames and plasma jets with different enthalpies in order to vary the physical and chemical properties of resulting coatings. The effect on mechanical properties and tribological behavior of the structural characteristics of coatings, as well as chemical composition and its phases was studied. The wear resistance was measured by dry elastic contact between a sintered alumina ball 6 mm in diameter and the coated discs, applying a load of 5 N on the alumina ball during 20,000 cycles. The ball was moved on the polished coating surface with a linear speed of 0. 1 m/s. Also drilling tests between a special steel drill bit 12. 5 mm in diameter and the surface of coating were carry out in order to determine the wear resistance to plastic contact. The wear tests results show that, AT-13 coatings are more resistant than AT-45 ones, due to the presence of a αand γalumina, which are high mechanical resistance phases. In the contrary, while AT-45 coatings consist of Al2TiO5 and Al6Ti2O13 phases that are brittle with lower hardnesses. Additionally it was shown that the wear resistance of the plasma sprayed coatings is higher than that those deposited by oxy-acetylene flame because of their more homogeneous structure and better interlamellar cohesion
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Yang, Young-Myung. "Modélisation mathématique d'un système de projection thermique à la flamme de type H. V. O. F. : application à l'élaboration de revêtements protecteurs". Belfort-Montbéliard, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BELFA001.

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L'étude d'un procédé de projection thermique de type HVOF a été entreprise par modélisation mathématique puis appliquée à l'élaboration de revêtements. Les modèles établis permettent d'estimer les caractéristiques de la combustion, de l'écoulement des gaz et du comportement des particules. La combustion a été modélisée sur la base de l'équilibre chimique pour déterminer la composition chimique des produits, la température adiabatique de la flamme, les propriétés thermodynamiques et de transport ainsi que les propriétés de détonation. L'écoulement dans la buse a été modélisé en utilisant les équations d'Euler pour un modèle quasi-monodimensionnel et celles de Navier-Stokes complètes pour un modèle bidimensionnel ; l'écoulement externe a été modélisé en utilisant les équations de couche limite. Les modèles de l'écoulement ont été étudiés selon deux approches 'systèmes figé" et "système équilibré". La modélisation du comportement des particules a été effectuée en utilisant une formulation Lagrangienne avec un maillage mobile permettant de traiter le problème de la fusion et de la solidification d'une particule. Pour la partie applications, un nouveau procédé HVOF dans lequel le gaz naturel est utilisé comme combustible a été étudié. Les résultats de la simulation et des essais expérimentaux ont montré que ce nouveau procédé améliore la fiabilité d'opération du système VHOF, la qualité des revêtements et la sécurité d'utilisation. Une nouvelle torche X-HVOF à flamme stabilisée dans la chambre de combustion a été également étudiée au niveau de la simulation et des applications. Le comportement en projection de dépôts MCrA1Y a été examiné en particulier du point de vue de leur oxydation en corrélation avec les caractéristiques de combustion. Il est démontré que le taux d'oxydation ne dépend que légèrement de la teneur en oxygène des produits de combustion mais fortement de la température de flamme. L'ensemble des résultats obtenus dans cette étude a montré qu'une prédiction raisonnable des phénomènes était atteinte en utilisant les modèles élaborés
A study of HVOF thermal spraying processes has been carried out in two parts : mathematical modeling and applications to coatings elaboration. The established models allox to estimate the combustion properties, the gas flow characteristics and the in-flight particle behaviors. The combustion process was modeled on the basis of equilibrium chemistry to determine thec chemical composition of combustion products, the adibatic flame temperature, the thermodynamic and transport properties and the detonation proerties. Internal flow in the gun nozzle was modeled using the Euler equations for an quasi-one-dimensional model and the full Navier-Stokes equations for a two-dimensional model; external flow wwas modeled using the boundary-layer equations. These flow models were studied with frozen and equilibrium approaches. The particle model was built using the Lagrangian formulation with a moving grid system which allows to treat melting and solidification problems in a particle. For the application part, a new HVOF process in which natural gas is used as fuel gas was studied. The simulation and experimental results showed that this new process improves the operation reliability of HVOF systems, the coating quality and the safety. A new X-HVOF torch of a chamber-stabilized combustion type was also studied with respect to the simulation and application aspects. The oxidation behavior of MCrA1Y coatings during the coating process was investigated in correlation to combustion characteristics; it was thus revealed that the coating oxidation depends slightly on the oxygen content of the combustion products btu strongly on the flame temperature. The overall results obtained in this study showed that it was possible to obtain a reasonable prediction of gas and particle characteristics using the proposed models
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Arcondéguy, Aure. "Étude de la réalisation de dépôts de silico-alumineux (émaux) par projection thermique sur des substrats thermo dégradables". Limoges, 2008. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/dbe0a6e1-b8e9-42d2-84b6-71a2356d2e88/blobholder:0/2008LIMO4036.pdf.

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Un procédé d'émaillage de substrats thermosensibles par projection thermique à la flamme O2-C2H2 a été mis au point. L'optimisation de la composition et de la morphologie des poudres d'émaux s'est révélée nécessaire pour maîtriser l'architecture des dépôts. Les effets des paramètres opératoires ont été discriminés par plans d'expériences et des conditions optimisées d'élaboration ont été définies y compris pour l'élaboration de dépôts pigmentés. Ceci a permis d'adresser le mécanisme de formation des couches d'émaux singulier en regard d'autres céramiques. Des essais sur substrats de grandes surfaces (~1 m²) ont alors été réalisés pour estimer les effets de la thermique sur le mécanisme de formation des couches et limiter la dégradation du substrat. Un préchauffage du substrat s'est révélé nécessaire à une bonne adhérence du dépôt. Quelques propriétés d'usage des couches ont enfin été établies. Leurs caractéristiques mécaniques ne sont notamment pas altérées par des cycles de gel/dégel
A glazing thermal spraying process adapted to thermally sensitive substrates was developed here. An oxyacetylene flame torch was used. The optimization of glaze powders morphology (densification) and chemical composition was necessary to control coatings architectures. Effects of operating parameters were determined by a design of experiments and operating parameters were optimized. Colored coatings can have been manufactured by insert pigments addition. The coating formation mechanism was hence deduced: it differs from the one encountered for other ceramic materials. Then, glaze coatings were manufactured on larger surfaces (~1 m²) to determine the effects of thermal flux on the coating formation mechanism and to limit the substrate degradation. A substrate preheating was necessary to improve coating adhesion. At last, some coatings properties were determined. For example, coatings mechanical characteristics were not modified by freeze-thaw cycles
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Kedia, Kushal Sharad. "Development of a multi-scale projection method with immersed boundaries for chemically reactive flows and its application to examine flame stabilization and blow-off mechanisms". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85234.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2013.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 193-201).
High-fidelity multi-scale simulation tools are critically important for examining energy conversion processes in which the coupling of complex chemical kinetics, molecular transport, continuum mixing and acoustics play important roles. The objectives of this thesis are: (i) to develop a state-of-the-art numerical approach to capture the wide spectra of spatio-temporal scales associated with reacting flows around immersed boundaries, and (ii) to use this tool to investigate the underlying mechanisms of flame stabilization and blow-off in canonical configurations. A second-order immersed boundary method for reacting flow simulations near heat conducting, grid conforming, solid object has been developed. The method is coupled with a block-structured adaptive mesh refinement (SAMR) framework and a semi-implicit operator-split projection algorithm. The immersed boundary approach captures the flame-wall interactions. The SAMR framework and the operator-split algorithm resolve several decades of length and time efficiently. A novel "buffer zone" methodology is introduced to impose the solid-fluid boundary conditions such that symmetric derivatives and interpolation stencils can be used throughout the interior of the domain, thereby maintaining the order of accuracy of the method. Near an immersed solid boundary, single-sided buffer zones are used to resolve the species discontinuities, and dual buffer zones are used to capture the temperature gradient discontinuities. This eliminates the need to utilize artificial flame anchoring boundary conditions used in existing state-of-the-art numerical methods. As such, using this approach, it is possible for the first time to analyze the complex and subtle processes near walls that govern flame stabilization. The approach can resolve the flow around multiple immersed solids using coordinate conforming representation, making it valuable for future research investigating a variety of multi-physics reacting flows while incorporating flame-wall interactions, such as catalytic and plasma interactions. Using the numerical method, limits on flame stabilization in two canonical configurations: bluff-body and perforated-plate, were investigated and the underlying physical mechanisms were elucidated. A significant departure from the conventional two-zone premixed flame-structure was observed in the anchoring region for both configurations. In the bluff-body wake, the location where the flame is initiated, preferential diffusion and conjugate heat exchange furnish conditions for ignition and enable streamwise flame continuation. In the perforated-plate, on the other hand, a combination of conjugate heat exchange and flame curvature is responsible for local anchoring. For both configurations, it was found that a flame was stable when (1) the local flame displacement speed was equal to the flow speed (static stability), and (2) the gradient of the flame displacement speed normal to its surface was higher than the gradient of the flow speed along the same direction (dynamic stability). As the blow-off conditions were approached, the difference between the former and the latter decreased until the dynamic stability condition (2) was violated. The blowoff of flames stabilized in a bluff-body wake start downstream, near the end of the combustion-products dominated recirculation zone, by flame pinching into an upstream and a downstream propagating sections. The blow-off of flames stabilized in flow perforated-plate wake start in the anchoring region, near the end of the preheated reactants-filled recirculation zone, with the entire flame front convecting downstream. These simulations elucidated the thus far unknown physics of the underlying flame stabilization and blow-off mechanisms, understanding which is crucial for designing flame-holders for combustors that support continuous burning. Such an investigation is not possible without the advanced numerical tool developed in this work. Based on the insight gained from the simulations, analytical models were developed to describe the dynamic response of flames to flow perturbations in an acoustically coupled environment. These models are instrumental in optimizing combustor designs and applying active control to guarantee dynamic stability if necessary.
by Kushal Sharad Kedia.
Ph. D.
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Goble, Keryn Sheree. "Height of Flames Projecting from Compartment Openings". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1580.

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External flaming from buildings occurs as a result of a large amount of fuel being available in the room of fire origin in comparison to the amount of ventilation provided. The size of the openings in a compartment affects the amount of oxygen available within the fire room, and hence the amount of combustion that can take place inside. Excess fuel that is not burnt within the room flows out of the opening and combusts upon reaching the oxygen in the air outside. It is in this situation that flames are seen projecting out of the window. Flames projecting from openings pose the threat of fire spread from the room of fire origin. This threat increases with the size of the flames. Thus a dependable method for predicting the size of flames projecting from openings is required. This research addresses the issue of predicting flame heights projecting from openings, based on the heat release rate of a fire. The results are based on laboratory experiments and are presented in non-dimensional form, allowing application to scenarios that have not been specifically tested. This work supports the findings of other researchers, with appropriate adjustments made to compensate for differing experimental approaches. This indicates that the relationships established between the non-dimensional heat release rate and flame height are formed from a sound underlying principle. An empirical relationship between the non-dimensional flame height and heat release rate of a fire is presented in a simplified format to enable ease of use. The temperatures attained, and other observations from the compartment fire experiments are also presented and discussed. These were found to have dependence on a number of factors, with relationships varying between the individual experiments. The widely-used computational fluid dynamics model Fire Dynamics Simulator, Version 4 (FDS), was found to currently be unreliable in modelling the experimental scenarios. The results obtained were unrealistic and bore minimal resemblance to the experimental results, with extensive computational simulation time. The ability of the programme to model the compartment fire scenario requires further investigation to determine whether a finer grid resolution may improve results, or whether it is simply not able to model combustion processes involved at this stage.
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Roche, Bruno. "Prédiction numérique des écoulements turbulents réactifs : Flamme turbulente oblique prémélangée et interaction flamme/tourbillons". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECDL0028.

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La comprehension et la modelisation des phenomenes physiques intervenant dans la combustion turbulente sont primordiaux pour l'etude et l'optimisation des dispositifs industriels tels que les moteurs a allumage commande ou les bruleurs. La complexite du probleme est liee a l'interaction entre les phenomenes thermo-chimiques, caracterisant un front de flamme, et les echelles du spectre continu de la turbulence. Le probleme peut etre simplifie si l'on discretise le spectre de la turbulence en assimilant chaque echelle turbulente a un tourbillon. Les travaux que nous avons realises dans le cadre de cette etude, s'articulent autour de deux axes: la prediction d'une flamme turbulente premelangee et la simulation de l'interaction entre un front de flamme oblique premelangee et une allee tourbillonnaire de von karman. Le premier point est aborde par une simulation de reference en ecoulement laminaire. Puis la flamme oblique turbulente premelangee est etudiee. Deux premelanges, air-hydrogene et air-methane, permettent de traiter le probleme de l'influence du nombre de lewis sur la structure de ces flammes. Dans une deuxieme partie, on s'interesse a l'interaction entre une flamme oblique laminaire de premelange air-hydrogene et une allee tourbillonnaire de von karman. La prediction de cette configuration met en evidence l'influence des tourbillons sur le plissement et l'extinction du front de flamme. Pour chacune de ces etapes, la comparaison entre les predictions numeriques et des donnees experimentales est realisee. Elle nous permet d'analyser les performances des modelisations et elle apporte des informations complementaires sur les phenomenes etudies
The analysis and modelisation of the turbulent combustion is an important step for the study and simulation of industrial devices such as reciprocating engines of burners. The problem complexity is linked to the interaction between the thermo-chemical phenomena of the flame front and the scales of the turbulence spectrum. This problem can be simplified if we discretize the turbulence spectrum by treating each turbulent scale as a vortex. Our work in this domain follows two main axis : the prediction of a turbulent flame front and the simulation between an oblique flame front and a von Karman vortex street. The first part starts with the simulation of a laminar reference case. Then, the turbulent premixed oblique flame front is studied. The problem of the Lewis number influence on the flame structure is treated using two cases of mixing, hydrogen-air and methane-air. In a second part, we study the interaction between laminar premixed hydrogen-air oblique flame front and a von Karman vortex street. The prediction of this phenomenon show the vortex influence on the wrinkling and the extinction of the flame front. For each step, the comparison between numerical predictions and experimental data is realized. It allows us to analyze the performance of the modelisations and gives complementary data on the studied phenomena
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Vallance, Scott, i scottvallance@internode on net. "Trilinear Projection". Flinders University. School of Informatics & Engineering, 2005. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20050714.113416.

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In computer graphics a projection describes the mapping of scene geometry to the screen. While linear projections such as perspective and orthographic projection are common, increasing applications are being found for nonlinear projections, which do not necessarily map straight lines in the scene to straight lines on the screen. Nonlinear projections occur in reflections and refractions on curved surfaces, in art, and in visualisation. This thesis presents a new nonlinear projection technique called a trilinear projection that is based on the trilinear interpolation of surface normals used in Phong shading. Trilinear projections can be combined to represent more complicated nonlinear projections. Nonlinear projections have previously been implemented with ray tracing, where rays are generated by the nonlinear projections and traced into the scene. However for performance reasons, most current graphics software uses scanline rendering, where a scene point is imaged on a screen as a function of the projection parameters. The techniques developed in this thesis are of this nature. This thesis presents several algorithms used in trilinear projection: 1. An algorithm to analytically determine which screen locations image a given scene point. 2. An algorithm that correctly connects projected vertices. Each scene point may be imaged multiple times, which means a projected scene triangle may form from one to four different shapes of from two to nine vertices. Once connected, the projected shapes may be rendered with standard scanline algorithms. 3. An algorithm to more accurately render the curved edges between projected vertices. 4. A scene-space edge-clipping algorithm that handles continuity issues for projected shapes across composite projections. The trilinear projection technique is demonstrated in two different application areas: visualisation, and reflections and refractions. Specifically, various nonlinear projections that are congruent with pre-existing visualisation techniques are implemented with trilinear projections and a method for approximating the reflections and refractions on curved surfaces with trilinear projections is presented. Finally, the performance characteristics of the trilinear projection is explored over various parameter ranges and compared with a naive ray tracing approach.
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Phillips, Lee Stephen. "Projection synthesis". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367051.

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Wyzgolik, Aurélie. "Stabilisation d'une flamme non-prémélangée dans un écoulement de jets coaxiaux : effets d'un champ acoustique". Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUES049.

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Ce travail s'intéresse aux phénomènes instationnaires en combustion dont la maîtrise est un point clé dans le fonctionnement efficace des foyers et des moteurs. Les limites de stabilité et les mécanismes de stabilisation sont analysés pour des flammes de jets coaxiaux (méthane/air) non-prémélangés, accrochées au brûleur ou suspendues. La transition entre flamme accrochée et suspendue est caractérisée à l'aide d'un critère thermique original pour les deux processus de décrochage identifiés au cours desquels la base de flamme passe d'une extrémité essentiellement propagative à une essentiellement diffusive. Les propriétés de la flamme, suspendue en zone d'hystérésis ou de lift pur, et celles des structures tourbillonnaires du jet, détectées par une technique d'identification automatique, sont quantifiées par des diagnostics d'imagerie et de vélocimétrie. L'organisation de la couche de mélange méthane/air régit la réponse de la flamme qui passe d'une forme laminarisée à base lobée à une forme turbulente lorsque la vitesse de l'air (Uo) croît. La flamme est stabilisée par la dynamique des tourbillons contra-rotatifs issus des instabilités secondaires, initialement influencés par les vortex de Kelvin-Helmholtz. Elle s'adapte aux conditions imposées par Uo dont le rapport avec la vitesse de flamme laminaire (Sl) pilote son comportement laminarisé ou turbulent. Dans les foyers, les instabilités de combustion sont accrues par les ondes acoustiques créant divers modes en interaction avec les modes propres de l'écoulement. L'expérience est donc ajustée pour étudier la flamme soumise à un forçage sinusoïdal du méthane. Ses réponses sont discriminées en fonction des fréquences et amplitudes du forçage; augmenter Uo déplace les limites des zones identifiées, certaines pouvant même disparaître. Quel que soit Uo, forcé au voisinage : - de sa fréquence naturelle (1200 Hz), le jet présente une organisation accrue ; - de sa première surharmonique (2600 Hz), le jet se caractérise par l'apparition de modes en interaction non linéaire. Pour ces deux hautes fréquences, le forçage conduit à un mélange plus efficace, donc à une réduction de la hauteur de suspension de flamme (Hl) pour les faibles Uo. Mais cet effet est freiné avec Uo croissant, voire inversé à 2600 Hz pour Uo élevé. Aux moyennes fréquences (200 Hz), le comportement est unifié vers une flamme turbulente dont la hauteur pivote autour de celle obtenue pour Uo ~ Sl (Hl croît (diminue) pour Uo faible (élevé)). Pour toute condition (Uo, fréquence, amplitude), les mécanismes d'interaction de modes régissent la réponse de flamme à travers les structures tourbillonnaires
This work focuses on unsteady combustion phenomena whose control is a key point in the efficient operation of engines and furnaces. Stability limits and stabilization mechanisms are analyzed for flames of non-premixed coaxial jets (methane/air), anchored or lifted above the burner. The transition from attachment to liftoff is characterized by an original thermal criterion for both identified lifting processes during which the flame base passes from a mainly propagative extremity to a mainly diffusive one. The properties of the flame, lifted either in its hysteresis zone or in the liftoff zone, and those of vortical structures of the jet detected by an automatic identification technique, are quantified by imagery and velocimetry diagnostics. The organization of the methane/air mixing layer governs the flame response from a laminarized aspect with a lobed base to a turbulent one when the air velocity (Uo) is increased. The flame is stabilized by the dynamics of the counter-rotating vortices issued from secondary instabilities, influenced when they are formed by the Kelvin-Helmholtz vortices. The flame adapts to conditions imposed by Uo whose ratio with the laminar flame speed (Sl) pilots its laminarized or turbulent behavior. Inside the chambers, combustion instabilities are increased by acoustic waves creating various modes in interaction with the own modes of the stream. So, our experiment is adjusted to study the flame submitted to a sinewave forcing of the methane. Its responses are discriminated according to the forcing frequencies and amplitudes; increasing Uo shifts the limits of the identified zones, even some of them can disappear. For all Uo, forced : - near its natural frequency (1200 Hz), the jet is more ordered ; - near its first harmonic frequency (2600 Hz), the jet shows several non linearly interacting modes. For both high frequencies, forcing contributes to a better mixing, and so to a reduction of the liftoff height (Hl) for small Uo. But, this effect is weakened with Uo increase, or even reversed at 2600 Hz for high Uo. For medium frequencies (200 Hz), the behavior tends to a turbulent flame whose liftoff height pivots around a data obtained for Uo ~ Sl (Hl grows (reduces) for small (high) Uo). For any condition (Uo, frequency, amplitude), the mode interaction mechanisms govern the flame response through the vortical structures
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Książki na temat "Projection à la flamme"

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Grue-Noire, Gerileqimuge. Flamme. Arles: P. Picquier, 2011.

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Luginbuhl, Barbara. Feuer und Flamme = Fuur und Flamme. Muri: Edition Francke im Cosmos Verlag, 1988.

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Tremblay, Suzan. Flamme ardente. Cap-Saint-Ignace, Québec: La Plume d'oie, 1999.

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González, Jorge. La flamme. Marcinelle, Belgique: Dupuis, 2020.

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Blandine, Longre, red. L'oiseau-flamme. Paris: Hachette Jeunesse, 2009.

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Juliet, Charles. Cette flamme claire. Wyd. 2. Xonrupt-Longemer: Æncrages, 1995.

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Chagnon, Gaétan. Tofu tout flamme. Saint-Lambert, Québec: Soulières, 2001.

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Berger, John. Flamme et Lilas. [Seyssel]: Champ Vallon, 1992.

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Cinéas, Jean-Baptiste. La dernière flamme. [Haiti: s.n., 1989.

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Farley, Walter. Flamme cheval sauvage. [Paris]: Hachette, 1988.

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Części książek na temat "Projection à la flamme"

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Doležal, Richard. "Zündung der Flamme". W Dampferzeugung, 63–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82364-0_6.

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Grandt, Brigitte. "Feuer und Flamme in Marxloh". W Bürgergesellschaft und Gemeinwohl, 201–7. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-92314-1_17.

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Kusch, Mario, Klaus-Jürgen Matthes i Werner Schneider. "Schweißen mit Brenngas-Sauerstoff-Flamme". W Schweißtechnik, 291–329. Wyd. 7. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446470002.004.

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Wechsel, Kirsten. "Fløgstad, Kjartan: Fyr og flamme". W Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1–2. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_10375-1.

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Kusch, Mario, Klaus-Jürgen Matthes, Werner Schneider, Heiko Lang, Holger Letsch, Dietmar Schober, Stefan Thurner i Marcel Todtermuschke. "Schweißen mit Brenngas-Sauerstoff-Flamme". W Schweißtechnik, 291–329. München, Germany: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-446-47000-2_4.

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Münch, Christian, i Daniel Pleyer. "Führen mit Feuer und Flamme". W Führung mit Feuer und Flamme, 25–36. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-44335-1_3.

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Stulpe, Werner. "Projection". W Compendium of Quantum Physics, 497–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70626-7_150.

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Longhofer, Jeffrey. "Projection". W A-Z of Psychodynamic Practice, 141–42. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-03387-1_55.

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Cramer, Phebe. "Projection". W The Development of Defense Mechanisms, 62–83. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9025-1_4.

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Bailey, Lee W. "Projection". W Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion, 1830–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24348-7_528.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Projection à la flamme"

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Samarasinghe, Janith, Stephen Peluso, Michael Szedlmayer, Alexander De Rosa, Bryan Quay i Domenic Santavicca. "3-D Chemiluminescence Imaging of Unforced and Forced Swirl-Stabilized Flames in a Lean Premixed Multi-Nozzle Can Combustor". W ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95710.

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A tomographic image reconstruction technique has been developed to measure the 3-D distribution of CH* chemiluminescence of unforced and forced turbulent premixed flames. Measurements are obtained in a lean premixed, swirl-stabilized multi-nozzle can combustor. Line-of-sight images are acquired at equally spaced angle increments using a single ICCD camera. 3-D images of the flames are reconstructed by applying a filtered back projection algorithm to the acquired line-of-sight images. Methods of viewing 3-D images to characterize the structure, dynamics, interaction and spatial differences of multi-nozzle flames are presented. Accuracy of the reconstruction technique is demonstrated by comparing reconstructed line-of-sight images to measured line-of-sight downstream-view images of unforced flames. The effect of the number of acquired projection images on the quality of the reconstruction is assessed. The reconstructed 3-D images of the unforced multi-nozzle flames show the structure of individual flames as well as the interaction regions between flames. Forced flame images are obtained by phase-synchronizing the camera to the forcing cycle. The resulting 3-D reconstructions of forced flames reveal the spatial and temporal response of the multi-nozzle flame structure to imposed velocity fluctuations, information which is essential to identifying the underlying mechanisms responsible for this behavior.
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Gullikson, Eric M., Sherry L. Baker, John E. Bjorkholm, Jeffrey Bokor, Kenneth A. Goldberg, John E. M. Goldsmith, Claude Montcalm i in. "EUV scattering and flare of 10X projection cameras". W Microlithography '99, redaktor Yuli Vladimirsky. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.351162.

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Yatsufusa, Tomoaki, Rio Kamei i Hu Wentao. "Effects of shape of ion probe on flame detecting characteristics in 2-stroke gasoline engine". W Small Engine Technology Conference & Exposition. 10-2 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan: Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2019-32-0571.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Multiple-ion probe method is one of the beneficial method to obtain the detailed information about explosive combustion such as knocking. Our group has been trying to expand the measurement ability on multiple ion probe method from highly-controlled combustion in combustion test tube studied by previous studies to highly-unstable combustion such in spark ignition engines. The previous studies showed that multiple-ion probe method was able to capture the movement of propagating flame in 2-stroke gasoline engine in limited conditions. It requires that more reliable detection of propagating flame in the engine to capture the flame movement more stably.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In the present study, the effects of the shape of the ion probe on flame detection characteristics in 2-stroke gasoline engine was investigated. Tested parameters of the shape in the ion probe were projection length and diameter of an ion probe wire. Projection length was changed as 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5mm. Test results say that the projection length has positive effects for flame detection. Longer projection length has a higher sensitivity for flame detection. Diameter of ion probe wire was changed as 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0mm. Experimental results indicate that the size of diameter has less effect on the mean strength of detected flame signal than the projection length.</div></div>
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Lee, Sang Hun, Patrick Naulleau, Christof Krautschik, Manish Chandhok, Henry Chapman, Donna J. O'Connell i Michael Goldstein. "Lithographic flare measurements of EUV full-field projection optics". W Microlithography 2003, redaktor Roxann L. Engelstad. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.485547.

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Guha, Avishek, i Ingmar Schoegl. "Limited View Tomography of Combustion Zones Using Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy: Simulation of an Algebraic Reconstruction Technique". W ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-89507.

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Temperature and concentration distributions of a simulated flame were reconstructed with the help of computer tomography and tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS). Reconstructions were based on the simulated numerical values of temperature and concentration of a stationary flame. Integrated absorption measurements along the line-of-sight (LOS) across the flames due to absorption by water vapor (H2O) in the near infra-red (NIR) region, specifically the 6930–6940 cm−1 range, were simulated to obtain the projection values for tomography. Spectroscopic parameters for the absorptions transitions, such as line-strengths, transition wavenumbers, collisional broadening coefficients and coefficients for their temperature dependency were selected from the HITRAN 2004 database. Simulated LOS data are inverted using a multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique (MART), which are known to outperform traditional filtered back projection methods for cases with limited numbers of views. Based on spatially resolved reconstructions of spectroscopic data, temperature and concentration distributions are calculated using the wavelength modulation spectroscopy with second harmonic detection (WMS-2f) technique. A parametric study based on the number of views, orientation of views and number of rays per view required by the ART is performed in order to assess requirements for an acceptable reconstruction.
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de Jager, B., i J. B. W. Kok. "Modeling of Turbulent Combustion of Lean Premixed Prevaporized Propane Using the CFI Combustion Model". W ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90565.

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In this paper combustion of propane under gas turbine conditions is investigated with a focus on the chemistry and chemical kinetics in turbulent flames. The work is aimed at efficient and accurate modeling of the chemistry of heavy hydrocarbons, ie. hydrocarbons with more than one carbon atom, as occurring in liquid fuels for gas turbine application. On the basis of one dimensional laminar flame simulations with detailed chemistry, weight factors are determined for optimal projection of species concentrations on one or several composed concentrations, using the Computational Singular Perturbation (CSP) method. This way the species concentration space of the detailed mechanism is projected on a one dimensional space spanned by the reaction progress variable for use in a turbulent simulation. In the projection process a thermochemical database is used to relate with the detailed chemistry of the laminar flame simulations. Transport equations are formulated in a RaNS code for the mean and variance of the reaction progress variable. The turbulent chemical reaction source term is calculated by presumed shape probability density function averaging of the laminar source term in the thermochemical database. The combined model is demonstrated and validated in a simulation of a turbulent premixed prevaporized swirling propane/air flame at atmospheric pressure. Experimental data are available for the temperature field, the velocity field and the unburnt hydrocarbon concentrations. The trends produced by CFI compare reasonable to the experiments.
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Cheng, Yanting, Feng Chi, Jianjun Wang, Qiang Jing i Rujun Song. "3-D flame chemiluminescence tomography imaging under limited projection angle conditions: constraints and improving". W International Conference on Optical Instruments and Technology 2019: Optical Systems and Modern Optoelectronic Instruments, redaktorzy Takanori Nomura, Juan Liu, Baohua Jia, Xincheng Yao i Yongtian Wang. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2548769.

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Cheng, Yanting, Wang Tian, Feng Chi, Chao Ma, Fanghua Liao i Jianjun Wang. "Volumetric measurement of flame using CTC at sparse-projection condition and fast 3-D contour rebuilding". W 2021 International Conference of Optical Imaging and Measurement (ICOIM). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icoim52180.2021.9524406.

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Li, Xin, Longhua Hu, Qiang Wang i Xiaolei Zhang. "A preliminary experimental quantification on effect of parallel airflow on flame projection distance and height of horizontal jet fire". W 12th Asia-Oceania Symposium on Fire Science and Technology (AOSFST 2021). Brisbane, Australia: The University of Queensland, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14264/1b4ec98.

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Li, Mi, Yu Wang, Fu-Hai Gou, Man-Man Zhang i Jin-Hua Sun. "Experimental study on upward flame spread characteristics over discrete fuels separated by two different configurations: vertical gap and horizontal projection". W 12th Asia-Oceania Symposium on Fire Science and Technology (AOSFST 2021). Brisbane, Australia: The University of Queensland, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14264/dce196d.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Projection à la flamme"

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Morton, S. C. Interpretable projection pursuit. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), październik 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5005529.

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Friedman, Jerome H. Exploratory Projection Pursuit. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, listopad 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada163019.

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Snyder, Jeffrey A., John M. Fregeau i David Spalding. Discrete Reliability Projection. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, grudzień 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada626913.

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Morton, S. Interpretable Projection Pursuit. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), czerwiec 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1454056.

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Koreski, G. M. Operational waste volume projection. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), wrzesień 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/328467.

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STRODE, J. N. Operational Waste Volume Projection. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), sierpień 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/804503.

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Paisner, J. NIF Projection Completion Criteria. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), wrzesień 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1165799.

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STRODE, J. N. Operational Waste Volume Projection. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), sierpień 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/798704.

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Koreski, G. M., i J. N. Strode. Operational waste volume projection. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), czerwiec 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/273659.

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Grant, Michael. Nonline Officer Projection Model. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, maj 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada235547.

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