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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Programming languages”

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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 30 lipca 2024

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1

Garg, Rakesh, i Supriya Raheja. "Fuzzy Distance-Based Approach for the Assessment and Selection of Programming Languages". International Journal of Decision Support System Technology 15, nr 1 (1.01.2023): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdsst.315761.

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The desire to develop software with more and more functionalities to make human work easier pushes the industry towards developing various programming languages. The existence of the various programming languages in today's scenario raises the need for their evaluation. The motive of this research is the development of a deterministic decision support framework to solve the object-oriented programming (OOP) language's selection problem. In the present study, OOP language's selection problem is modeled as a multi-criteria decision-making, and a novel fuzzy-distance based approach is anticipated to solve the same. To demonstrate the working of developed framework, a case study consisting of the selection of seven programming languages is presented. The results of this study depict that Python is the most preferred language compared to other object-oriented programming languages. Selection of OOP languages helps to select the most appropriate language, which provides better opportunities in the business domain and will result in high success for engineering students.

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Tratt, Laurence, i Adam Welc. "Programming Languages". IEEE Software 31, nr 5 (wrzesień 2014): 33–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ms.2014.119.

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Trott, Peter. "Programming languages". ACM SIGPLAN Notices 32, nr 1 (styczeń 1997): 14–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/251595.251598.

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Wand, Mitchell, i Daniel P. Friedman. "Programming languages". ACM SIGPLAN Notices 43, nr 11 (30.11.2008): 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1480828.1480857.

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Anderson, Ben, i Blair MacIntyre. "Programming languages". ACM SIGCHI Bulletin 28, nr 3 (lipiec 1996): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/231132.231137.

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Meek, Brian L. "Programming languages". ACM SIGPLAN Notices 29, nr 4 (kwiecień 1994): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/181761.181768.

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Rajaraman, V. "Programming languages". Resonance 3, nr 12 (grudzień 1998): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02838097.

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Adawiyah Ritonga i Yahfizham Yahfizham. "Studi Literatur Perbandingan Bahasa Pemrograman C++ dan Bahasa Pemrograman Python pada Algoritma Pemrograman". Jurnal Teknik Informatika dan Teknologi Informasi 3, nr 3 (10.11.2023): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/jutiti.v3i3.2863.

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Programming Language is a language used to write computer program codes. Programming languages allow programmers to instruct computers to perform certain tasks. There are many different programming languages such as Python, Java, C++, PHP, JavaScript and so on. This article only focuses on explaining the C++ and Python programming languages. The aim of this article is to find out the differences between the C++ and Python programming languages and to find out the advantages and functions of each programming language. From the results obtained, the two C++ programming languages are more focused on Windows development, while Python is more often used in software development and the C++ programming language is more difficult to understand than the Python programming language.

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Rock, S. T. "Developing robot programming languages using an existing language as a base—A viewpoint". Robotica 7, nr 1 (styczeń 1989): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574700005051.

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SUMMARYThe development of robot languages has followed a pattern similar to that of conventional programming languages, where robot languages have been based on an existing programming language. This paper first identifies the use of an existing base as one way of developing robot programming languages, and discusses the areas of difficulty in this approach. Then, on-line and off-line programming of robots is discussed and the requirements of robot programming languages that are different to those of non-specialised programming languages are presented. A discussion and evaluation of some programming languages in terms of their appropriateness for use as the base for an intelligent robot programming language is presented. This leads to the conclusion that no current language forms an adequate base for intelligent robot programming languages. What is needed as a base is a language for use in the artificial intelligence domain, that incorporates real-time facilities.

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Jain, Abhishek, Manohar Kumar i Manohar Kumar. "System Programming Drawbacks". Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science & Engineering (ISSN: 2456-3552) 2, nr 4 (30.04.2015): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nncse.v2i4.453.

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A system programming language usually refers to a programming language used for system programming; such languages are designed for writing system software, which usually requires different development approaches when compared to application software. System software is computer software designed to operate and control the computer hardware, and to provide a platform for running application software. System software includes software categories such as operating systems, utility software, device drivers, compilers, and linkers. In contrast with application languages, system programming languages typically offer more-direct access to the physical hardware of the machine: an archetypical system programming language in this sense was BCPL. System programming languages often lack built in input/output facilities because a system-software project usually develops its own input/output or builds on basic monitor I/O or screen management services facilities. The distinction between languages for system programming and applications programming became blurred with widespread popularity of PL/I, C and Pascal.

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Chete, Fidelis, i Obinna Ikeh. "Towards the Design and Implementation of a Programming Language (Beex)". International Journal of Software Engineering and Computer Systems 8, nr 2 (1.07.2022): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijsecs.8.2.2022.6.0103.

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Software Engineers, Computer Scientists, and Software Experts alike are faced to decide which programming language is best suited for a certain purpose as the use of programming languages grows. When we consider the various types of programming languages available today, such as Domain Specific Languages (DSL), General Purpose Languages (GPL), Functional Programming Languages (FPL), Imperative Programming Languages (IPL), amongst others, this becomes complicated. In this study, we introduce BeeX, an interpreted language, with the aim of showing the process and principles involved in language design and consider various choices faced by language designers of various programming languages. BeeX was created with simplicity in mind, thus the study focused on architectural design options. We look at the implementation standpoint and try to figure out what the basic building parts of most programming languages are, such as lexical analysis, syntax analysis, and evaluation phase. To achieve this, we created an interactive command interface that evaluated various BeeX language constructs(conditional logic statements, arithmetic expressions, loop constructs etc.) which allowed students to easily experiment with the proposed language. The results of the tests showed that students and programmers alike can use the BeeX programming language to create a variety of code structures that are simple to use.

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Allen, Ben. "Common Language: Business Programming Languages and the Legibility of Programming". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 40, nr 2 (2018): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ahc.2018.0011.

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Fayzrakhmanov, Timur Rasimovich. "Introducing Programming Language Metrics". Proceedings of the Institute for System Programming of the RAS 34, nr 6 (2022): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15514/ispras-2022-34(6)-5.

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We introduce possibly the first approximation of programming language metrics that represent a spectrum over 70 unique and carefully gathered dimensions by which any two programming languages can be compared. Based on those metrics, one can evaluate her own `best' language, and to demonstrate how complex feelings such as “simplicity” and “easy to use”, often found as arguments in language debates and advertisements, can be decomposed into clear and measurable pieces. We put the collection as a completely separate open-source file (here as an appendix) so that everyone can participate in eliciting new and interesting dimensions used in programming languages research, development, and use. Metrics can find their use to compare languages, define requirements, create rankings, give tips for language designers, and simply provide a bird’s-eye view on existing languages features found in the wild.

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Mominjon Ogli, Khaitov Azizjon. "MODERN PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES: CLASSIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION". International Journal of Advance Scientific Research 02, nr 11 (1.11.2022): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-02-11-16.

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Olatunji, Ezekiel Kolawole, John B. Oladosu, Odetunji A. Odejobi i Stephen O. Olabiyisi. "Design and implementation of an African native language-based programming language". International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 10, nr 2 (1.06.2021): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v10.i2.pp171-177.

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<p>Most of the existing high level programming languages havehitherto borrowed their lexical items from human languages including European and Asian languages. However, there is paucity of research information on programming languages developed with the lexicons of an African indigenous language. This research explored the design and implementation of an African indigenous language-based programming language using Yoruba as case study. Yoruba is the first language of over 30 million people in the south-west of Nigeria, Africa; and is spoken by over one hundred million people world-wide. It is hoped, as established by research studies, that making computer programming possible in one’s mother tongue will enhance computer-based problem-solving processes by indigenous learners and teachers. The alphabets and reserved words of the programming language were respectively formed from the basic Yoruba alphabets and standard Yoruba words. The lexical items and syntactic structures of the programming language were designed with appropriate regular expressions and context-free grammars, using Backus-Naur Form (BNF) notations. A prototype implementation of the programming language was carried out as a source-to-source, 5-pass compiler. QBasic within QB64 IDE was the implementation language. The results from implementation showed functional correctness and effectiveness of the developed programming language. Thus lexical items of a programming language need not be borrowed exclusively from European and Asian languages, they can and should be borrowed from most African native languages. Furthermore, the developed native language programming language can be used to introduce computer programming to indigenous pupils of primary and junior secondary schools.</p>

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Thewlis, David. "Editorial: Programming languages". Software Engineering Journal 1, nr 4 (1986): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/sej.1986.0021.

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Goldberg, Benjamin. "Functional programming languages". ACM Computing Surveys 28, nr 1 (marzec 1996): 249–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/234313.234414.

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Annevelink, Jurgen. "Database programming languages". ACM SIGMOD Record 20, nr 2 (kwiecień 1991): 318–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/119995.115841.

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Lindsey, C. H. "Comparative programming languages". Science of Computer Programming 12, nr 2 (lipiec 1989): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6423(89)90047-6.

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Xu, Jiafu, i Fanming Song. "Quantum programming languages". Frontiers of Computer Science in China 2, nr 2 (czerwiec 2008): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11704-008-0013-z.

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Heim, Bettina, Mathias Soeken, Sarah Marshall, Chris Granade, Martin Roetteler, Alan Geller, Matthias Troyer i Krysta Svore. "Quantum programming languages". Nature Reviews Physics 2, nr 12 (16.11.2020): 709–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42254-020-00245-7.

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Thielscher, Michael. "Action Programming Languages". Synthesis Lectures on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning 2, nr 1 (styczeń 2008): 1–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2200/s00143ed1v01y200807aim005.

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Unruh, Dominique. "Quantum programming languages". Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung 21, nr 1-2 (16.09.2006): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00450-006-0012-y.

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Turner, Raymond. "Understanding Programming Languages". Minds and Machines 17, nr 2 (8.06.2007): 203–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11023-007-9062-6.

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Coblenz, Michael, Gauri Kambhatla, Paulette Koronkevich, Jenna L. Wise, Celeste Barnaby, Joshua Sunshine, Jonathan Aldrich i Brad A. Myers. "PLIERS". ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 28, nr 4 (31.10.2021): 1–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3452379.

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Programming language design requires making many usability-related design decisions. However, existing HCI methods can be impractical to apply to programming languages: languages have high iteration costs, programmers require significant learning time, and user performance has high variance. To address these problems, we adapted both formative and summative HCI methods to make them more suitable for programming language design. We integrated these methods into a new process, PLIERS, for designing programming languages in a user-centered way. We assessed PLIERS by using it to design two new programming languages. Glacier extends Java to enable programmers to express immutability properties effectively and easily. Obsidian is a language for blockchains that includes verification of critical safety properties. Empirical studies showed that the PLIERS process resulted in languages that could be used effectively by many programmers and revealed additional opportunities for language improvement.

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Olatunji, Ezekiel K., John B. Oladosu, Odetunji A. Odejobi i Stephen O. Olabiyisi. "A Needs Assessment for Indigenous African Language-Based Programming Languages". Annals of Science and Technology 4, nr 2 (1.12.2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ast-2019-0007.

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AbstractThe development of an African native language-based programming language, using Yoruba as a case study, is envisioned. Programming languages based on the lexicons of indigenous African languages are rare to come by unlike those based on Asian and / or European languages. Availability of programming languages based on lexicons of African indigenous language would facilitate comprehension of problem-solving processes using computer by indigenous learners and teachers as confirmed by research results. In order to further assess the relevance, usefulness and needfulness of such a programming language, a preliminary needs assessment survey was carried out. The needs assessment was carried out through design of a structured questionnaire which was administered to 130 stakeholders in computer profession and computer education; including some staffers and learners of some primary, secondary and tertiary educational institutions in Oyo and Osun states of Nigeria, Africa. The responses to the questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The analysis of the responses to the questionnaire shows that 89% of the respondents to the questionnaire expressed excitement and willingness to program or learn programming in their mother tongue-based programming language, if such a programming language is developed. This result shows the high degree of relevance, usefulness and needfulness of a native language-based programming language as well as the worthwhileness of embarking on development of such a programming language.

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Sandewall, Eric. "Knowledge-based systems, Lisp, and very high level implementation languages". Knowledge Engineering Review 7, nr 2 (czerwiec 1992): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269888900006263.

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AbstractIt is usually agreed that programming languages for implementing (other) programming languages, or ‘implementation languages’, should be simple low-level languages which are close to the machine code and to the operating system. In this paper it is argued that a very high level implementation language is a good idea, of particular importance for knowledge-based systems, and that Lisp (as a language and as a system) is very well suited to be a very high level implementation language. The significance of special-purpose programming languages is also discussed, and the requirements that they have for a very high level implementation language are considered.

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Wirth, Niklaus. "Hardware architectures for programming languages and programming languages for hardware architectures". ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News 15, nr 5 (listopad 1987): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/36177.36178.

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Wirth, Niklaus. "Hardware architectures for programming languages and programming languages for hardware architectures". ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review 21, nr 4 (październik 1987): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/36204.36178.

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Wirth, Niklaus. "Hardware architectures for programming languages and programming languages for hardware architectures". ACM SIGPLAN Notices 22, nr 10 (październik 1987): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/36205.36178.

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Ciatto, Giovanni, Stefano Mariani i Andrea Omicini. "ReSpecTX: Programming interaction made easy". Computer Science and Information Systems 15, nr 3 (2018): 655–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis180111031c.

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In this paper we present the ReSpecTX language, toolchain, and standard library as a first step of a path aimed at closing the gap between coordination languages ? mostly a prerogative of the academic realm until now ? and their industrial counterparts. Since the limited adoption of coordination languages within the industrial realm is also due to the lack of suitable toolchains and libraries of reusable mechanisms, ReSpecTX equips a core coordination language (ReSpecT) with tools and features commonly found in mainstream programming languages. In particular, ReSpecTX makes it possible to provide a reference library of reusable and composable interaction patterns.

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Chien-Hsing Huang. "Programming Teaching in the Era of Artificial Intelligence". Eximia 13 (6.07.2024): 583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/eximia.v13i1.488.

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With the development of science and technology, computer applications are changing with each passing day, changing our lives in all aspects. Computers have become an indispensable tool in life, and learning programming languages to operate computers has become a major focus of education. From low-level languages to high-level languages to visual programming languages, and finally to generative artificial intelligence to generate code. Program development tools are constantly updated as computers advance. This has the benefit of lowering barriers to learning, but also results in a weaker understanding of how the program works. This article designs a programming language learning strategy that combines the above programming development tools to lower the threshold for programming language learning and improve learning efficiency.

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Ramadhan, Fadillah, Hendang Setyo Rukmi, Arif Imran, Cahyadi Nugraha i Risdan Ferdiansyah. "Software Design using Visual Basic for Application and Microsoft Excel Programming for Students". REKA ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 1, nr 2 (5.12.2020): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/rekaelkomika.v1i2.86-97.

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The rapid development of information technology has made people to have the ability to design software with a programming language. There are quite some engineers who have not mastered programming languages. It happens becausesome people think that developing software with a certain programming language is very difficult. The language is difficult to understand, the accuracy must be precise, and the user is not familiar with the platform. Difficulty in learning programming languages is a problem that is often encountered by university students, vocational students, or employees. This article describes an easy programming language training activity for beginners, namelyVisual Basic for Applications (VBA)-Ms. Excel training.The advantage of this programming language iseasy to operate because manystudentsor employees are very familiar with Ms. Excel so that the adaptation process will be easy. The results of the post-test training that was attended bystudents showed a significant increase in the ability to design programming languages.

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Batdalov, Ruslan, Oksana Ņikiforova i Adrian Giurca. "Extensible Model for Comparison of Expressiveness of Object-Oriented Programming Languages". Applied Computer Systems 20, nr 1 (1.12.2016): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acss-2016-0012.

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Abstract We consider the problem of comparison of programming languages with respect to their ability to express programmers’ ideas. Our assumption is that the way of programmers’ thinking is reflected in languages used to describe software systems and programs (modelling languages, type theory, pattern languages). We have developed a list of criteria based on these languages and applied it to comparison of a number of widely used programming languages. The obtained result may be used to select a language for a particular task and choose evolution directions of programming languages.

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Melham, Tom. "CALL FOR PAPERS Journal of Functional Programming Special Issue on Theorem Provers and Functional Programming". Journal of Functional Programming 7, nr 1 (styczeń 1997): 125–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796897009350.

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A special issue of the Journal of Functional Programming will be devoted to the use of functional programming in theorem proving. The submission deadline is 31 August 1997.The histories of theorem provers and functional languages have been deeply intertwined since the advent of Lisp. A notable example is the ML family of languages, which are named for the meta language devised for the LCF theorem prover, and which provide both the implementation platform and interaction facilities for numerous later systems (such as Coq, HOL, Isabelle, NuPrl). Other examples include Lisp (as used for ACL2, PVS, Nqthm) and Haskell (as used for Veritas).This special issue is devoted to the theory and practice of using functional languages to implement theorem provers and using theorem provers to reason about functional languages. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:– architecture of theorem prover implementations– interface design in the functional context– limits of the LCF methodology– impact of host language features– type systems– lazy vs strict languages– imperative (impure) features– performance problems and solutions– problems of scale– special implementation techniques– term representations (e.g. de Bruijn vs name carrying vs BDDs)– limitations of current functional languages– mechanised theories of functional programming

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Arifah Fasha, Rosmani, i Shaiful Nizam Muhammad Salman Hakim. "C++ Rush: an educational gaming experience". Jurnal Intelek 19, nr 1 (1.02.2024): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ji.v19i1.24493.

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Programming language is a subject that is quite difficult to understand at first glance, especially for beginners. Most beginners struggle to comprehend programming concepts because of their low maturity level, lack of programming experience, and difficulty understanding and learning the logic and scripting language. C++ is one of the basic, convenient programming languages that help programmers comprehend the principles of all programming languages. If the principles of C++ have been grasped, someone with a thorough knowledge of the language could easily transit to other programming languages. Therefore, this study proposes the combination of an educational game with C++ to provide early exposure to novice programmers and assist those who are struggling to learn the programming language. Furthermore, it attempts to create and develop an interactive, instructional programming game. Another purpose of this study is to test the usefulness of the generated programming game using a questionnaire. The study utilized the Agile Model because iterative development is one of its components. The agile technique consists of six (6) phases: requirements, design, development, testing, deployment, and review. This study did usability testing with 30 individuals. Most of them agreed that gamification might change a tough and complex topic into one that would be incredibly engaging. In addition, it has ultimately allowed users to properly learn C++. Future work may employ a broader range of programming languages.

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Guzdial, Mark, i Susan Landau. "Programming programming languages, and analyzing Facebook's failure". Communications of the ACM 61, nr 6 (23.05.2018): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3204443.

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Pulido-Prieto, Oscar, i Ulises Juárez-Martínez. "A Model for Naturalistic Programming with Implementation". Applied Sciences 9, nr 18 (19.09.2019): 3936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9183936.

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While the use of natural language for software development has been proposed since the 1960s, it was limited by the inherent ambiguity of natural languages, which people resolve using reasoning in a text or conversation. Programming languages are formal general-purpose or domain-specific alternatives based on mathematical formalism and which are at a remove from natural language. Over the years, various authors have presented studies in which they attempted to use a subset of the English language for solving particular problems. Each author approached the problem by covering particular domains, rather than focusing on describing general elements that would help other authors develop general-purpose languages, instead focusing even more on domain-specific languages. The identification of common elements in these studies reveals characteristics that enable the design and implementation of general-purpose naturalistic languages, which requires the establishment of a programming model. This article presents a conceptual model which describes the elements required for designing general-purpose programming languages and which integrates abstraction, temporal elements and indirect references into its grammar. Moreover, as its grammar resembles natural language, thus reducing the gap between problem and solution domains, a naturalistic language prototype is presented, as are three test scenarios which demonstrate its characteristics.

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Du, Yangkai, Tengfei Ma, Lingfei Wu, Xuhong Zhang i Shouling Ji. "AdaCCD: Adaptive Semantic Contrasts Discovery Based Cross Lingual Adaptation for Code Clone Detection". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, nr 16 (24.03.2024): 17942–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i16.29749.

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Code Clone Detection, which aims to retrieve functionally similar programs from large code bases, has been attracting increasing attention. Modern software often involves a diverse range of programming languages. However, current code clone detection methods are generally limited to only a few popular programming languages due to insufficient annotated data as well as their own model design constraints. To address these issues, we present AdaCCD, a novel cross-lingual adaptation method that can detect cloned codes in a new language without annotations in that language. AdaCCD leverages language-agnostic code representations from pre-trained programming language models and propose an Adaptively Refined Contrastive Learning framework to transfer knowledge from resource-rich languages to resource-poor languages. We evaluate the cross-lingual adaptation results of AdaCCD by constructing a multilingual code clone detection benchmark consisting of 5 programming languages. AdaCCD achieves significant improvements over other baselines, and achieve comparable performance to supervised fine-tuning.

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GARCIA, RONALD, JAAKKO JARVI, ANDREW LUMSDAINE, JEREMY SIEK i JEREMIAH WILLCOCK. "An extended comparative study of language support for generic programming". Journal of Functional Programming 17, nr 2 (marzec 2007): 145–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796806006198.

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AbstractMany modern programming languages support basic generics, sufficient to implement type-safe polymorphic containers. Some languages have moved beyond this basic support, and in doing so have enabled a broader, more powerful form of generic programming. This paper reports on a comprehensive comparison of facilities for generic programming in eight programming languages: C++, Standard ML, Objective Caml, Haskell, Eiffel, Java, C# (with its proposed generics extension), and Cecil. By implementing a substantial example in each of these languages, we illustrate how the basic roles of generic programming can be represented in each language. We also identify eight language properties that support this broader view of generic programming: support for multi-type concepts, multiple constraints on type parameters, convenient associated type access, constraints on associated types, retroactive modeling, type aliases, separate compilation of algorithms and data structures, and implicit argument type deduction for generic algorithms. We find that these features are necessary to avoid awkward designs, poor maintainability, and painfully verbose code. As languages increasingly support generics, it is important that language designers understand the features necessary to enable the effective use of generics and that their absence can cause difficulties for programmers.

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Azad M. San Ahmed, Rania, Sardasht M-Raouf Mahmood, Rebwar M. Nabi i Dana L. Hussein. "The Impact of Teaching Materials on Learning Computer Programming Languages in Kurdistan Region Universities and Institutes". Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research 3, nr 1 (3.05.2018): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24017/science.2018.1.7.

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It is evident that learning and teaching computer programming are considered as one of the striking challenges in academic environments. Meanwhile, selecting the correct and appropriate materials can leave an enormous impact in learning computer programming languages. However, recently this argument has been put under scrutiny as to which types of materials motivate learners to learn computer programming languages as well as enhance learning outcomes. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to investigate the current teaching and learning materials of computer programming languages in Kurdistan region of Iraq universities. Additionally, another aim is to give a rigorous analysis of how materials help students to learn computer programming language. A further focus is to identify the difficulties of learning computer programming languages at undergraduate level which constitutes technical Diploma and Bachelor. The last but not the least, this paper examines new approaches to teaching programming languages as a cognitive model for programming education.

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Rak, Filip, i Jozef Wiora. "Comparison of ESP programming platforms". Computer Science and Information Technologies 2, nr 2 (1.07.2021): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/csit.v2i2.p77-86.

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The growing popularity of ESP boards has led to the development of several programming platforms. They allow users to develop applications for ESP modules in different programming languages, such as C++, C, Lua, MicroPython, or using AT Commands. Each of them is very specific and has different advantages. The programming style, efficiency, speed of execution, level of advancement, or memory usage will differ from one language to another. Users mostly base their choice depending on their programming skills and goals of the planned projects. The aim of this work is to determine, which language is the best suitable for a particular user for a particular type of project. We have described and compared the mentioned languages. We have prepared test tasks to indicate quantified values. There is no common rule because each of the languages is intended for a different kind of user. While one of the languages is slower but simpler in usage for a beginner, the other one requires broad knowledge but offers availability to develop very complex applications.

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Filip Rak i Józef Wiora. "Comparison of ESP programming platforms". Computer Science and Information Technologies 2, nr 2 (1.07.2021): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/csit.v2i2.pp77-86.

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The growing popularity of ESP boards has led to the development of several programming platforms. They allow users to develop applications for ESP modules in different programming languages, such as C++, C, Lua, MicroPython, or using AT Commands. Each of them is very specific and has different advantages. The programming style, efficiency, speed of execution, level of advancement, or memory usage will differ from one language to another. Users mostly base their choice depending on their programming skills and goals of the planned projects. The aim of this work is to determine, which language is the best suitable for a particular user for a particular type of project. We have described and compared the mentioned languages. We have prepared test tasks to indicate quantified values. There is no common rule because each of the languages is intended for a different kind of user. While one of the languages is slower but simpler in usage for a beginner, the other one requires broad knowledge but offers availability to develop very complex applications.

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Cummins, Fred A. "Object-oriented programming languages". ACM SIGPLAN OOPS Messenger 4, nr 2 (kwiecień 1993): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/157710.157725.

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Maxim, Bruce R. "Programming languages—comparatively speaking". ACM SIGCSE Bulletin 25, nr 1 (marzec 1993): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/169073.169092.

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Haftmann, Florian, Cezary Kaliszyk i Walther Neuper. "CTP-based programming languages?" ACM Communications in Computer Algebra 44, nr 1/2 (29.07.2010): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1838599.1838621.

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Foster, Ian. "Compositional parallel programming languages". ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems 18, nr 4 (lipiec 1996): 454–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/233561.233565.

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Bruce, Kim B. "Progress in programming languages". ACM Computing Surveys 28, nr 1 (marzec 1996): 245–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/234313.234413.

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Zdancewic, Steve, Dan Grossman i Greg Morrisett. "Principals in programming languages". ACM SIGPLAN Notices 34, nr 9 (wrzesień 1999): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/317765.317799.

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Shivers, Olin. "Why teach programming languages". ACM SIGPLAN Notices 43, nr 11 (30.11.2008): 130–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1480828.1480856.

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