Książki: „Prognostic markers”

1

CNS cancer: Models, markers, prognostic factors, targets, and therapeutic approaches. Central nervous system cancer: Humana Press, 2009.

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Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in melanoma. Totowa, N.J: Humana, 2012.

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McNamara, M. Morphologic and molecular markers of prognosis in ocular melanoma. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1997.

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Hughes, Mark D. Point-of-care testing: Status and prognosis. Waltham, MA: Decision Resources, 1996.

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Leckey, Joan Lesley. Urinary and tumour markers of disease recurrence and prognosis in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. [s.l: The Author], 1997.

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Giampietro, Gasparini, i Hayes Daniel 1951-, red. Biomarkers in breast cancer: Molecular diagnostics for predicting and monitoring therapeutic effect. Totowa, N.J: Humana Press, 2006.

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International Falk Workshop (1995 Basel, Switzerland). Surrogate markers to assess efficacy of treatmentin chronic liver diseases: Proceedings of the International Falk Workshop held in Basel, Switzerland, October 23-24, 1995. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1996.

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Prognostic Markers in Hematologic Oncology. Informa Healthcare, 2005.

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9

New Prognostic and Predictive Markers in Cancer Progression. MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03943-978-2.

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Lau, Suzanne Kit-Yan. Validation of putative prognostic markers for non-small cell lung carcinoma. 2007.

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11

Lu, Karen H., Anil Sood i Charles F. Levenback. Prognostic and Predictive Factors in Gynecologic Cancers. Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.

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(Editor), Charles Levenback, Anil Sood (Editor), Karen H. Lu (Editor) i Robert L. Coleman (Editor), red. Prognostic and Predictive Factors in Gynecologic Cancers. Informa Healthcare, 2007.

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13

Coleman, Robert, Karen H. Lu, Anil Sood i Charles F. Levenback. Prognostic and Predictive Factors in Gynecologic Cancers. Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.

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Coleman, Robert, Karen H. Lu, Anil Sood i Charles F. Levenback. Prognostic and Predictive Factors in Gynecologic Cancers. Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.

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15

Diagnostic, Prognostic and Predictive Biological Markers in Bladder Cancer – Illumination of a Vision. MDPI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03897-635-6.

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Diagnostic, Prognostic and Predictive Biological Markers in Bladder Cancer – Illumination of a Vision 2.0. MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03943-686-6.

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Sholl, Lynette. Molecular Pathology: Predictive, Prognostic, and Diagnostic Markers in Tumors, an Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics. Elsevier - Health Sciences Division, 2016.

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Controlling progression of severe rheumatoid arthritis: New perspectives on prognostic markers and treatment : proceedings of a satellite symposium, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 19 June 1995. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.

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19

GOHEL, Hardik. CEA - Prognostic Marker for Breast Cancer. Independently Published, 2019.

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20

Jaffe, Allan S. The use of biomarkers for acute cardiovascular disease. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0035.

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Understanding the proper use of biomarkers requires clinicians to appreciate some critical pre-analytic and analytic issues, as well as how to use the markers properly. The bene?ts of such an approach will not only facilitate the care of patients today, but will also prepare clinicians to understand and embrace the new generation of markers that is coming and that will continue to make this area transformational for cardiology. Two fundamental concepts underlie the clinical use of biomarkers: First, biomarkers should always be used in conjunction with all other clinical information. Second, in order to maximize their diagnostic and prognostic use, biomarkers should be interpreted as quantitative variables. For example, a cardiac troponin level which is 50 times the upper limit of normal has a much higher positive predictive value for the presence of an acute myocardial infarction, compared to a level just above the upper limit of normal.

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Jaffe, Allan S. The use of biomarkers for acute cardiovascular disease. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0035_update_001.

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Understanding the proper use of biomarkers requires clinicians to appreciate some critical pre-analytic and analytic issues, as well as how to use the markers properly. The bene?ts of such an approach will not only facilitate the care of patients today, but will also prepare clinicians to understand and embrace the new generation of markers that is coming and that will continue to make this area transformational for cardiology. Two fundamental concepts underlie the clinical use of biomarkers: First, biomarkers should always be used in conjunction with all other clinical information. Second, in order to maximize their diagnostic and prognostic use, biomarkers should be interpreted as quantitative variables. For example, a cardiac troponin level which is 50 times the upper limit of normal has a much higher positive predictive value for the presence of an acute myocardial infarction, compared to a level just above the upper limit of normal.

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22

Jaffe, Allan S. The use of biomarkers for acute cardiovascular disease. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0035_update_002.

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Understanding the proper use of biomarkers requires clinicians to appreciate some critical pre-analytic and analytic issues, as well as how to use the markers properly. The bene?ts of such an approach will not only facilitate the care of patients today, but will also prepare clinicians to understand and embrace the new generation of markers that is coming and that will continue to make this area transformational for cardiology. Two fundamental concepts underlie the clinical use of biomarkers: First, biomarkers should always be used in conjunction with all other clinical information. Second, in order to maximize their diagnostic and prognostic use, biomarkers should be interpreted as quantitative variables. For example, a cardiac troponin level which is 50 times the upper limit of normal has a much higher positive predictive value for the presence of an acute myocardial infarction, compared to a level just above the upper limit of normal.

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23

Kochanek, Patrick M., i Rachel P. Berger. Brain injury biomarkers in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0300.

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A variety of biomarkers of brain injury are being developed in neurocritical care to study secondary injury pathways or aid in diagnostic, prognostic, and/or theragnostic applications. This chapter focuses largely on brain injury biomarkers that can be detected in serum or cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients with acute critical brain injury of various causes. Much of the work has been carried using biomarkers of proteins that are relatively unique to the brain, and that reflect damage to important cellular constituents such as neurons, astroycytes, or axons. Novel approaches that employ a panel of markers or novel analytic methods such as trajectory analysis may optimize the utility of these biomarkers in clinical practice. We anticipate that there will soon be one or more protein biomarkers of brain injury available for clinical use.

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Weller, Michael, Michael Brada, Tai-Tong Wong i Michael A. Vogelbaum. Astrocytic tumours: diffuse astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma, and gliomatosis cerebri. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199651870.003.0003.

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Astrocytic gliomas are primary brain tumours thought to originate from neural stem or progenitor cells. They are assigned grades II, III, or IV by the World Health Organization according to degree of malignancy as defined by histology. The following molecular markers are increasingly used for diagnostic subclassification or clinical decision-making: 1p/19q co-deletion status, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status, and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 mutation status. Extent of resection is a favourable prognostic factor, but surgery is never curative. Radiotherapy prolongs progression-free survival across all astrocytic glioma entities. Alkylating agent chemotherapy is an active treatment in particular for patients with MGMT promoter-methylated tumours. Anti-angiogenic therapies have failed to improve survival, and the current focus of major clinical trials is on novel targeted agents or on immunotherapy.

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Biomarkers In Oncology Prediction And Prognosis. Springer, 2012.

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Gakis, Georgios, i Arnulf Stenzl. Molekulare Marker beim high-grade Harnblasenkarzinom: Diagnostisch - prognostisch - prädiktiv. Springer, 2016.

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27

Verma, Mukesh, Debmalya Barh, Angelo Carpi i Mehmet Gunduz. Cancer Biomarkers: Minimal and Noninvasive Early Diagnosis and Prognosis. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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Barh, Debmalya. Cancer Biomarkers: Minimal and Noninvasive Early Diagnosis and Prognosis. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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Verma, Mukesh, Debmalya Barh, Angelo Carpi i Mehmet Gunduz. Cancer Biomarkers: Minimal and Noninvasive Early Diagnosis and Prognosis. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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30

Verma, Mukesh, Debmalya Barh, Angelo Carpi i Mehmet Gunduz. Cancer Biomarkers: Minimal and Noninvasive Early Diagnosis and Prognosis. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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31

Circulating Tumor Markers of the New Millennium: Target Therapy, Early Detection, and Prognosis. American Association for Clinical Chemistry, 2002.

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32

(Editor), Giampietro Gasparini, i Daniel F. Hayes (Editor), red. Biomarkers in Breast Cancer (Cancer Drug Discovery and Development). Humana Press, 2005.

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33

Freedman, Mark S., i Mohammad Abdoli. The Importance and Utility of Cerebrospinal Fluid Evaluation in the Diagnosis of Central Demyelinating Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199341016.003.0008.

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This chapter aims to highlight the diagnostic and prognostic value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings in multiple sclerosis with a special consideration of distinguishing it from neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and NMO spectrum disorder. Interpretation of CSF findings in daily clinical practice in patients with MS is thoroughly explained. New advances in CSF analysis and recently identified biomarkers may be helpful for diagnosis, help elucidate disease subtype and activity, or aid in prognosis and monitoring of the response to treatment. Characteristics of CSF changes in different subtypes of multiple sclerosis, clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), and radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) are discussed. CSF findings in NMO spectrum disease as a diagnostic and differentiating marker are explained separately.

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34

Deighton, Chris. Rheumatoid arthritis—management. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0112.

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Influential guidelines on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management agree on most key recommendations. Early diagnosis of persistent synovitis, and identification of poor prognostic markers, is essential. Rapid intervention is vital with drugs to suppress inflammation, slow down damaging disease components, and prevent disability. The label of RA covers a broad spectrum of disease severity, and there is controversy on: • whether the same interventions are needed for all patients • whether monotherapy or combination treatment is appropriate • the role of steroids in RA • the appropriate introduction of biological therapies. Treating to specified targets is optimal evidence-based practice, where patients are reviewed regularly for disease activity assessments, and inadequate control rectified. Aiming for remission is the ultimate goal, though for some patients minimal disease activity may be appropriate. Patient education addressing self-management is important, and the multidisciplinary team (MDT: specialist nurses, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, podiatrists, psychologists) needs to be involved from the start to minimize the impact on quality of life of the patient. For established disease, rapid access is important for flares, and to consider whether disease management could be improved. An intermittent overview of established disease is important with access to the MDT, and assessments for comorbidities such as ischaemic heart disease, osteoporosis, and depression, as well as complications of the disease itself such as cervical spine disease, vasculitis, and lung and eye complications. An informed patient needs to be central to all decision making.

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35

Luo, Yongwen, Yi Zhang, Yu Xiao i Fang-Ming Deng, red. Molecular Biomarkers and Imaging Markers in the Prediction, Diagnosis, and Prognosis of Bladder Cancer. Frontiers Media SA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88976-629-1.

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36

Bodey, Bela, Stuart E. Siegel i Hans E. Kaiser. Molecular Markers of Brain Tumor Cells: Implications for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Anti-Neoplastic Biological Therapy. Bodey Bela Siegel Stuart E Kaiser Hans E, 2011.

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Bodey, Bela, Stuart E. Siegel i Hans E. Kaiser. Molecular Markers of Brain Tumor Cells: Implications for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Anti-Neoplastic Biological Therapy. Springer London, Limited, 2006.

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Biomarkers in breast cancer: Molecular diagnostics for predicting and monitoring therapeutic effect. Totowa, N.J: Humana Press, 2006.

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Cancer Biomarkers. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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Cardinale, Daniela, i Carlo Maria Cipolla. Anthracycline-related cardiotoxicity: epidemiology, surveillance, prophylaxis, management, and prognosis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0290.

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Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity is of considerable concern, as it may compromise the clinical effectiveness of treatment, affecting both quality of life and overall survival in cancer patients, independently of the oncological prognosis. It is probable that anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity is a unique and continuous phenomenon starting with myocardial cell injury, followed by progressive left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decline that, if disregarded and not treated progressively leads to overt heart failure. The main strategy for minimizing anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity is early detection of high-risk patients and prompt prophylactic treatment. According to the current standard for monitoring cardiac function, cardiotoxicity is usually detected only when a functional impairment has already occurred, precluding any chance of its prevention. At present, anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity can be detected at a preclinical phase, very much before the occurrence of heart failure symptoms, and before the LVEF drops by measurement of cardiospecific biochemical markers or by Doppler myocardial and deformation imaging. The role of troponins in identifying subclinical cardiotoxicity and treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, in order to prevent LVEF reduction is an effective strategy that has emerged in the last 15 years. If cardiac dysfunction has already occurred, partial or complete LVEF recovery may still be achieved if cardiac dysfunction is detected early after the end of chemotherapy and heart failure treatment is promptly initiated.

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41

Zanarini, Mary C., i Lindsey C. Conkey. Onset, Course, and Prognosis for Borderline Personality Disorder. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199997510.003.0003.

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Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a common psychiatric disorder; the best epidemiological evidence estimating that about 2% of American adults meet DSM-IV criteria for BPD and an estimated 19% of psychiatric inpatients and approximately 11% of psychiatric outpatients meet criteria for BPD. Cross-sectional studies have found that BPD is associated with high levels of mental health service utilization and a serious degree of psychosocial impairment These facts suggest that BPD is a serious public health problem and yet, the course of BPD has received relatively little attention. Most studies have used adult samples (people age 18 or older), and clinicians have been reluctant until very recently to diagnose adolescents or latency-aged children as meeting full-blown criteria for BPD, choosing instead to diagnose disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD)—a disorder of childhood marked by frequent temper outbursts and chronic anger or irritability.

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42

Aleksandrova, Anna K., red. Essays on the Political history of the Countries of Central and south-Eastern Europe. From the Late Twentieth to the Early Twenty-First Centuries. Nestor-Istoriia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2712-8342.2020.1.

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This collective monograph is a comprehensive study of the causes, evolution and outcomes of complex processes in the contemporary history of the countries of Central and South-Eastern Europe, and aims in particular to identify common and special characteristics in their socio-economic and political development. The authors base their work on documentary evidence; both published and unpublished archival materials reveal the specifics of the development of the political landscapes in these countries. They highlight models combining both European and nationally oriented (and even nationalist) components of the political spheres of particular countries; identify markers which allow the stage of completion (or incompletion) of the establishment of a new political system to be estimated; and present analyses of the processes of internal political struggle, which has often taken on ruthless forms. The analysis of regional and country-specific documentary materials illustrates that the gap in the development of the region with “old Europe” in general has not yet been overcome: in the post-Socialist period, the situation of the region being “ownerless” and “abandoned”, characteristic of the period between the two world wars, is reoccurring. The authors conclude that during the period from the late twentieth to the early twenty-first centuries, the region was quite clearly divided into two parts: Central (the Visegrad Four) and South-Eastern (the Balkans) Europe. The authors explore the prevailing trends in the political development of Hungary and Poland related to the leadership of nationally and religiously oriented parties; in the Czech Republic and Slovakia the pendulum-like change in power of the left and right-wing parties; and in Bulgaria and Romania the domestic political processes permanently in crisis. The authors pay special attention to the contradictory nature of the political evolution of the states that emerged in the space of the former Yugoslavia. For the first time, Greece and Turkey are included in the context of a regional-wide study. The contributors present optimal or resembling transformational models, which can serve as a prototype for shaping the political landscape of other countries in the world. The monograph substantiates the urgency of the new approach needed to study the history and current state of the region and its countries, taking into account the challenges of the time, which require strengthening national and state identity. The research also offered prognostic characteristics of transformational changes in the region, the Visegrad Four, and the Balkans.

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Hayes, Daniel F., i Giampietro Gasparini. Biomarkers in Breast Cancer. Humana, 2010.

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Hayes, Daniel F., i Giampietro Gasparini. Biomarkers in Breast Cancer. Humana Press, 2008.

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Cassidy, Jim, Donald Bissett, Roy A. J. Spence OBE, Roy A. J. Spence OBE, Miranda Payne i Gareth Morris-Stiff. Biomarkers and cancer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199689842.003.0040.

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Biomarkers and cancer defines these markers and outlines their role in diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of response, and response assessment of a variety of cancers. Established biomarkers are reviewed, and the potential for development of new biomarkers offered by the dramatic progress in both the understanding of molecular biology and the development of laboratory techniques is emphasised. The field of signal transduction has already proved fruitful, with identification of markers allowing successful targeted therapy in a range of cancers. Progress is anticipated also in tumour imaging, with developments in both MRI and PET. Areas of clinical interest are summarised for breast, lung, colorectal, renal, and CNS malignancies.

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46

Deveza, Leticia A., Changhai Ding, Xingzhong Jin, Xia Wang, Zhaohua Zhu i David J. Hunter. Laboratory tests. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0019.

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In clinical practice, laboratory tests play a major role in the investigation of underlying diseases predisposing to osteoarthritis (OA) (e.g. metabolic and genetic causes) and in the differential diagnosis of other joint disorders, particularly autoimmune and crystal-related arthropathies. In terms of diagnosis and management of OA, there is still no recommendation in guidelines for the use of laboratory tests. However, an increasing number of potential applications of laboratory tests in OA are emerging. In this regard, research investigating the role of vitamin D and other substances such as inflammatory markers, cytokines, and adipokines in the OA process is helping to reveal novel pathophysiologic mechanisms and, consequently, new possible therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, biochemical markers of cartilage, bone, and synovium metabolism is a growing field in OA and may also contribute to the diagnosis of early OA stages, assessment of prognosis, and management, once properly validated.

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47

Feist, Eugen, i Gerd-R. Burmester. Rheumatoid arthritis—clinical features. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0111.

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) presents with variable clinical features, making this most frequent chronic systemic autoimmune disease with characteristic joint involvement a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. This chapter describes in detail the different clinical, laboratory and imaging findings in patients with RA. In addition to the characteristic arthritic involvement, which can lead to severe joint changes with progressive destruction and loss of function, other systemic disease manifestations as well as an increased risk for cardiovascular events and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with relevance for patients' prognosis are described. Recent approaches to early diagnosis and stratification of patients by predictive factors for a severe course of disease are discussed. These patient profiles include increased inflammatory markers, the presence of autoantibodies, and erosive changes at the time of diagnosis. The novel classification criteria for RA and the significance of autoantibody status, namely seropositivity for antibodies against citrullinated antigens as highly specific diagnostic markers, are highlighted to further promote early differentiation of RA from other arthritic disease entities.

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Cohen, Jeffrey A., Justin J. Mowchun, Victoria H. Lawson i Nathaniel M. Robbins. A 55-Year-Old Female with a History of Right Foot Drop and Left Hand Weakness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190491901.003.0012.

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Vasculitic neuropathy often presents as a mononeuritis multiplex pattern. Ischemic nerve injury can lead to abrupt-onset, painful, and multifocal sensorimotor neuropathy. This chapter emphasizes the diagnostic considerations of vasculitic neuropathy, which includes the significant limitations of serologic markers in non-systemic vasculitic neuropathy. Nerve and muscle biopsy are important investigations to consider to make the diagnosis. Keys to management are also reviewed. It is important to manage systemic vasculitis with a rheumatologist. Nonsystemic vasculitis has a much better prognosis; immunosuppressive treatment is less aggressive, but it is recommended to have a rheumatologist’s input. There is no conclusive evidence on how to treat nonsystemic vasculitis. Mild cases may be treated with steroids alone.

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Aguilar-Torres, Río. Assessment of left atrial function. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199599639.003.0010.

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The left atrium (LA) plays an important role in cardiovascular performance, not only as a mechanical contributor, elastic reservoir, and a primer for left ventricular filling, but also as a participant in the regulation of intravascular volume through the production of atrial natriuretic peptide.Although LA diameter in the parasternal long-axis view has been routinely employed, LA volume is a more robust marker for predicting events than LA areas or diameters. The assessment of LA performance based on two-dimensional volumetrics, Doppler evaluation of mitral, pulmonary vein flow, and annular tissue Doppler, as well as deformation imaging techniques, may provide incremental information for prognostic purposes and for the evaluation of severity and duration of conditions associated with LA overload.The aims of this chapter are to explain the basics of LA function, and to describe the role of Doppler echocardiography techniques, and how to implement them, for the non-invasive evaluation of LA in clinical practice.

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50

Winter, Christian, i Peter Albers. Testicular cancer. Redaktor James W. F. Catto. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0090.

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Testicular germ cell tumours (GCTs) represent the most common solid malignancy of young men aged 15–40 years. The disease is rising in incidence. Germ cell tumours are best divided into those with pure seminoma and non-seminoma (NSGCT) histology. While cryptorchidism is clearly established as a risk factor, the pathogenesis of testicular cancer remains unknown. Familial studies and molecular analyses suggest an association to genetic alterations. Most testicular cancer patients present a primary tumour in the testis. Diagnostic examinations include testis palpation and ultrasound, and measurement of serum tumour markers (AFP, ß-HCG, and LDH). Surgical exploration is obligatory for suspected tumours and radical orchidectomy should be performed if a tumour is found. Prognosis and subsequent treatment depends upon the clinical stage and the IGCCCG classification (in case of advanced GCT disease).

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