Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Professional vulnerability”

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The interest for the topic addressed in this research is due to the fact that adolescents who are apprentices of a Philanthropic Institution of Social Assistance in the Federal District, presented different results when joining and leaving the Learning Program. Therefore, the research becomes relevant in order to analyze the meaning that the program entrants to the work, as well as the impact of the insertion in the work world to its term. In fact, the objectives of the research are to investigate the meaning and impact that work and job training has on the lives of adolescents in situations of social vulnerability in the Federal District. In this sense, we opted to verify in legislation the meaning that is attributed to work in adolescence; what is the meaning that adolescents attribute to work in their life; and what are the changes perceived by adolescents between before and after joining a Professional Learning Program. The research is configured with a qualitative approach. The research instruments that enabled the achievement of the intended objective are: review of specialized literature, semi-structured interviews and documental analysis procedure. Some of the apprentices entering the vocational apprenticeship program participated in the study and have already concluded their work contract. Of the research universe with more than 1,200 adolescents and young people hired per year in which the sample is 12 graduates of the Learning Program. The results indicated that the meaning attributed by the norms of the area to the work of the adolescent, rather than having the character of legislation, has the character of a public policy for the youth to promote the insertion of adolescents and young people into the world of formal work, in a qualified and protected way, thus allowing the the connection between education and work. The meaning that adolescents attribute to work as an adolescent apprentice is presented as a means of social insertion to the adult world through remuneration and also a consequence of the level of education of each individual. However, a meaning of transformation is reaffirmed far beyond the experience of a job or job. Adolescent assessment of before and after joining the program is related to the perception of an opportunity for life transformation beyond employment, better preparation for the world of work, greater maturity, greater responsibility, independence, routine work, punctuality, attendance, discipline, social interaction, financial support to the family, preparation for the world of work, combating school dropout and encouraging continuity of studies (especially in higher education), professional growth, feedback evaluation, intelligence development emotional (self-control, self-confidence, emotional awareness and self-evaluation), establishment and fulfillment of individual and collective goals and objectives, among others. Understanding the impact of professional learning can contribute to the formulation of new public policies for children, adolescents and youth in the public and private sphere of the Federal District.
O interesse pelo tema abordado nesta pesquisa se deve ao fato de que adolescentes aprendizes de uma Instituição Filantrópica de Assistência Social no DF apresentaram distintos resultados ao ingressar e ao sair do Programa de Aprendizagem. Assim sendo, se torna relevante a pesquisa no sentido de analisar o significado que o ingressante do programa aufere ao trabalho, bem como o impacto da inserção no mundo do trabalho, ao seu término. De fato, os objetivos da pesquisa pretendem investigar o significado e o impacto que a formação no trabalho e para o trabalho têm na vida dos adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidade social no Distrito Federal. Neste sentido optou-se por verificar na legislação qual significado é atribuído ao trabalho na adolescência, qual o significado os adolescentes aprendizes atribuem ao trabalho em sua vida e quais são as mudanças percebidas pelos adolescentes entre o antes e o depois do ingresso em um Programa de Aprendizagem Profissional. A pesquisa configurouse com uma abordagem qualitativa. Os instrumentos de pesquisa que viabilizaram a consecução do objetivo pretendido foram a revisão de literatura especializada, as entrevistas semiestruturadas e o procedimento da análise documental. Participaram da pesquisa aprendizes ingressantes no programa de aprendizagem profissional que já concluíram seu contrato de trabalho. Em um universo de pesquisa com mais de 1.200 adolescentes e jovens contratados por ano, a amostra pesquisada elegeu 12 egressos do Programa de Aprendizagem. Os resultados indicaram que o significado atribuído pelas normativas da área ao trabalho do adolescente, além do caráter de legislação, tem caráter de política pública para a juventude de promoção à inserção de adolescentes e jovens ao mundo do trabalho formal, de maneira qualificada e protegida, que permite a conexão entre educação e trabalho. O significado que os adolescentes atribuem ao trabalho na condição de adolescente aprendiz se apresenta como um meio de inserção social ao mundo adulto por meio da remuneração e também consequência do nível de educação de cada indivíduo. Todavia, reafirma-se um significado de transformação para muito além da experiência de um cargo ou emprego. A avaliação por parte dos adolescentes entre o antes e o depois do ingresso no programa está relacionada à percepção de uma oportunidade de transformação de vida para além do emprego, melhor preparação para o mundo do trabalho, maior amadurecimento, criação de maior responsabilidade, independência, rotina, pontualidade, assiduidade, disciplina, interação social, apoio financeiro à família, preparação para o mundo do trabalho, combate à evasão escolar, estímulo à continuidade dos estudos (sobretudo na educação superior), crescimento profissional, avaliação por feedback, desenvolvimento da inteligência emocional (autocontrole, autoconfiança, consciência emocional e auto avaliação), estabelecimento e o cumprimento de metas e objetivos individuais e coletivos, entre outros. Assim, a compreensão do impacto da aprendizagem profissional pode contribuir para subsidiar a formulação de novas políticas públicas para crianças, adolescentes e juventude na esfera pública e privada do Distrito Federal.

As a social endeavour, the practice of nursing is expected to minimise risk of harm to patients. In reality, the risk of breaching or failing to meet a standard of practice, with resultant harm to patients is ever present. Such variations to the expected standard may result in harm to the patient and be viewed as unprofessional conduct within the legislative context. The phenomenon of unprofessional conduct can have significant and sometimes dire outcomes for patients and nurses and provides challenges to understand antecedents to its occurrence and the impact on the nurse. From this realisation, the significance of this study is twofold. Firstly, the literature revealed that an allegation of unprofessional conduct and the associated experience of being reported to a regulatory authority can have significant psycho-social and professional impact on the nurse. Secondly, the phenomenon has received little formal analysis. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to explore the phenomenon of alleged unprofessional conduct, and to develop a theory that provided understanding of the phenomenon and a framework for action. Data was obtained from in-depth interviews of a specialised sample of 21 nurses in any state or territory of Australia who had been the subject of notification by a nursing regulatory authority of alleged unprofessional conduct. Data analysis occurred simultaneously using the constant comparative method. This resulted in the generation of a substantive theory, explaining how nurses dealt with an allegation of unprofessional conduct. This study found that nurses experienced varying degrees and combinations of personal and professional vulnerability. This put them at risk of either making an error, breaching a practice standard, and/or at risk of being reported to a nurse regulatory authority for an allegation of unprofessional conduct. The core social process, a transformation of the personal and professional self is a process that the nurse both 'engages in' and 'goes through', in response to the social problem, being reported to a nurse regulatory authority for alleged unprofessional conduct, and its aftermath. The social process is made up of two categories: loss of the assumptive world: the experience of deconstruction and relearning the world. Loss of the assumptive world is comprised of being confronted, deconstruction of the personal self and deconstruction of the professional self. The category Relearning the world: the experience of reconstruction is constructed of the sub-categories, preserving the self: minimising the unravelling; reconstructing the personal self; reconstructing the professional self; and living within the world. Consequences of the category relearning the world are dynamic and influenced by a number of factors. The ability to transact the deconstructed self and move through the reconstructive processes and experience can be viewed in the following states, stymied, evolving or transacted. The personal and professional transformation of the individual nurse is influenced by the degree of deconstruction initially experienced, the interplay with the influencing factors internal and external support processes; resilience; time; and the constant of vulnerability. The findings of this study have implications for clinical, management, education and research practices in nursing. It also exposes problems with the use of nurse regulatory authorities as a punitive strategy for nurses who err. The uncovering of this substantive theory articulates a process whereby nurses are transformed personally and professionally in response to a traumatic or challenging life event. This substantive theory has value in providing a decision making framework for managing breaches of nursing standards, as a learning tool to identifying and managing risk in nursing and providing a framework for self and external support to nurses who may find themselves in this situation.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
In order to know and understand the professional experience with the Multifamily Group undertaken in the context of social vulnerability, this research attempted to investigate what is the view of the professional to his group: its composition, the theories and techniques, which use the learning achieved in the relation with the families and what s the influence of the institutional context in the development of his group. Empirical research, of qualitative approach, exploratory descriptive type, used semi structured interviews to collect data. The participants were 05 professional coordinators of Multifamily Group, identified by the criteria of intentional sample. The analysis has been done with a few tools of the qualitative method of Analysis of the Content and the interpretation of the results was based on the theoretical principles of systemic thinking and the new paradigmatic and in the specific literature on the Multifamily Group. The results showed that the prepared professional for such work, should have the needed flexibility to adapt the group to the requirements of the context, without, however, moving away from the defining premises of this practice. His function in the group permeates different tasks; not being possible to adopt a single name to characterize it. The professional performance should preferably be interdisciplinary, backed by legitimated spaces for reflection with other professionals in order to keep a sensitive action to the constructions that may emerge from meetings
Com o objetivo de conhecer e compreender a experiência do profissional com o Grupo Multifamília realizado no contexto de vulnerabilidade social, essa pesquisa procurou investigar qual é o olhar do profissional para o seu grupo: sua composição; as teorias e técnicas que utiliza; as aprendizagens alcançadas na relação com as famílias e qual a influência do contexto institucional no desenvolvimento de seu grupo. Pesquisa empírica, de abordagem qualitativa, de tipo exploratório descritivo, utilizou a entrevista semi-estruturada para coleta de dados. Os participantes foram 05 profissionais coordenadores de Grupo Multifamília, identificados pelo critério de amostra intencional. A análise foi feita com algumas ferramentas qualitativas do método de Análise de Conteúdo e a interpretação dos resultados foi embasada nos pressupostos teóricos do pensamento sistêmico novo paradigmático e na literatura específica sobre o Grupo Multifamília. Os resultados mostraram que o profissional preparado para esse trabalho, deve ter a flexibilidade necessária para adaptar o grupo às necessidades do contexto, sem, contudo, se afastar dos pressupostos definidores dessa prática. Sua função no grupo perpassa diferentes tarefas, não sendo possível adotar um único nome para caracterizá-la. Sua atuação deve ser preferencialmente interdisciplinar, respaldada por espaços legítimos para reflexão com outros profissionais, a fim de manter uma atuação sensível às construções que emergirem dos encontros

Le mandataire judiciaire à la protection des majeurs (MJPM) intervient dans la vie d’autrui par décision de justice. Entre un cadrage de cette mission par des textes de loi et le face-à-face avec le majeur vulnérable, comment incarne-t-il sa mission de protection ? Et plus encore, quels sont les débats et les choix qui lui sont propres pour l’accomplir ? C’est par une approche qui articule l’ergologie et l’interaction langagière que nous observons sa pratique professionnelle au regard de la notion d’activité. Des entretiens avec des MJPM et avec leur direction, puis des observations directes de temps d’échange MJPM-majeur protégé apportent un éclairage nouveau sur la mission de protection. La relation humaine sous ce cadre juridique et dans la confrontation à la vulnérabilité est privilégiée. La pratique des MJPM est traversée de trois axes qui se croisent : l’autorité de justice, la vulnérabilité et l’autonomie à favoriser telle que la Réforme de la protection du 5 mars 2007 l’a introduite dans son cadre législatif. Les débats de normes avec leurs valeurs centrales partent de ce point nodal pour le MJPM. En conséquence, cette recherche les fait ressortir tantôt comme contenu de réflexion, tantôt comme besoin de formation pour mieux remplir sa mission
Subsequent to court decision, authorized representatives (MJPMs) intervene in the lives of vulnerable adults ostensibly to ensure their protection. When contemplating statutory legislation and one-to-one interaction with vulnerable person/s, the central question is: How do MJPMs enact their perceived protection missions? Questions surround both debate and the choices proposed, and the strategies employed by authorized representatives when implementing the requisite protection policies. Professional practice investigates the notion of activity via a combination of ergology and language interaction. Interviews with MJPMs and their managers, and field observation of the interaction between MJPMs and protected adults elucidated the reality of the mission of protection. Priority is given to the human relationship institutionalized through a legal framework and confrontation with vulnerability. MJPM practices are crossed by three axes that have been identified and which intersect each other, i.e., the authority of the judiciary, vulnerability, and the self-autonomy of the protected person according to the legal reform of 5 March 2007. For the MJPM, debate surrounding the perceived norms, together with some main values, starts from this nodal point. The purpose of this study is not only to explicate and emphasize these values, but to underscore their value as training needs for the better fulfillment of the MJPMs’ mission

This thesis explores identity work employed to secure stability and coherence of self-identity. This is achieved through an exploration of professionals becoming managers' experiences of vulnerability, conceived as personal predicaments, as they make a transition into and progress within management. This thesis takes up the invitation to dialogue with scholars from disparate philosophical orientations and epistemological commitments (Alvesson, Ashcraft and Thomas, 2008a; Smith and Sparkes, 2008) by reviewing critically the shared and contested views on self-identity. A theoretical framework is developed that conceptualises identity work within a fusion of symbolic interactionist positioning theory (Davies and Harr& 1990, 1999; Hart-6 and van Langenhove, 1991, 1999c) and relational social constructionist identity work processes (Beech and McInnes, 2006). This study's emergent focus on vulnerability, as experienced during role transitions (Hill, 1992, 2003; Watson and Harris, 1999) and ongoing personal predicaments (Schlenker, 1980), builds on the analytical importance of vulnerability (Sims, 2003), insecurity (Collinson, 2003), self-identity and identity work processes. Accounts of vulnerability as professionals make a transition into and progress within management are explored through a two-stage interview process with experienced public sector middle and senior managers from previously under-researched professional backgrounds (Cohen et al, 2002; Casey, 2008). Existing identity-related studies into professionals becoming managers (Hill, 1992, 2003; Ibarra, 1999; Watson and Harris, 1999) considered only the first year of transition into management. This research, therefore, adds to existing literature both through the type of participant and the extended nature of the study. The framework of self-identity presented is offered as a theoretical and methodological heuristic device. The thesis also offers refined conceptualisations of personal predicaments and of identity work processes, and insights into identity work strategies related to professional becoming managers' experiences of vulnerability.

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Com o avanço de estratégias que favorecem a redução da transmissibilidade das Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST) e da aids no mundo, a saúde pública representa uma alternativa para o desenvolvimento de práticas preventivas relacionadas à essa temática. Assim, com vistas a contribuir para a problematização do discurso e para a efetivação de práticas preventivas na abordagem das IST/aids, esta pesquisa teve como objetivos: caracterizar as representações sociais dos enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família sobre as práticas preventivas na atenção básica em saúde na abordagem das IST/aids, e analisar as relações entre as representações sociais dos enfermeiros sobre as práticas preventivas das IST/aids e as estratégias desenvolvidas por esses profissionais para reduzir a vulnerabilidade à infecção pelo HIV. De abordagem qualitativa, o trabalho orientouse pelo referencial teórico-filosófico da Teoria das Representações Sociais. Foram entrevistados 32 enfermeiros que trabalham na rede de atenção básica em saúde em unidades de Estratégia Saúde da Família do município de Juiz de Fora – MG. Os discursos foram analisados à luz da análise de conteúdo temática proposta por Bardin. Da análise dos depoimentos emergiram três categorias: prática profissional do enfermeiro na atenção básica em saúde; práticas preventivas de IST/aids: as representações dos enfermeiros da atenção básica em saúde e fatores que dificultam as práticas preventivas do enfermeiro na atenção básica em saúde na abordagem das IST/aids. A partir da análise das categorias, observa-se a necessidade assegurar o desenvolvimento de atividades que favoreçam ações mais resolutivas para a redução da vulnerabilidade às IST/aids. É válido destacar os obstáculos que esses profissionais estão expostos, o que denota o impedimento de atividades relacionadas às práticas preventivas de IST/aids, como questões administrativas, profissionais e populacionais. A partir de uma postura críticoreflexiva, as representações dos enfermeiros da atenção básica em saúde sobre as práticas preventivas de IST/aids evidenciam a urgência de mobilização desses profissionais e seus gestores no sentido de integrar suas ações no direcionamento de práticas embasadas no modelo de promoção da saúde para que contribuíam na redução da vulnerabilidade dessas doenças.
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Denna flermetodiska studie har som syfte att undersöka hur ”barn i social utsatthet” tas upp i utbildningen. I studien har intervjuer med representanter från tio olika lärosäten, en webbenkätundersökning med yrkesverksamma på fritidshem och en innehållsanalys av lärosätens kurslitteratur använts. Intervjuerna har analyserats och tolkats utifrån ett barnrättsperspektiv med hjälp av diskurspsykologi och teorier om professionalisering, de-professionalisering och gränsarbete. Resultaten har utgått från tre teman: området ”barn i social utsatthet”, utbildningen idag och framtida behov inom utbildningen. Uttrycket ”barn i social utsatthet” innefattar många områden samt att anmälningar och utbildningens längd kan bidra till problematiska dilemman utifrån ett barnrättsperspektiv. I studiens slutsats kommer vi fram till att en diskussion rörande kunskaper om området ”barn i social utsatthet” behövs. En ny omarbetad, uppgraderad och mer omfattande Grundlärarutbildning med inriktning mot fritidshem skulle kunna leda till ett tydligare uppdrag och en gränsarbetande barnrättsprofession för allmänhetens bästa.

Le secret est une notion ancienne, ancrée dans notre législation, qui est généralement le fait des majeurs. Relier le mineur au secret suppose de préciser comment la minorité influe sur le droit au secret dont toute personne - y compris lorsqu’elle est mineure - est titulaire, qu'il s'agisse de l'étendue du droit au secret plutôt plus réduite que pour les majeurs, que de l'exercice de ce droit qui, comme tout droit du mineur est différent et plus complexe.Garder un savoir caché suppose un certain degré de capacité. Or, le statut particulier reconnu au mineur, sujet de droit vulnérable soumis à l’autorité parentale, créé un doute sur sa possibilité de se prévaloir d’un secret. La consécration d’un tel droit pour le mineur n’est pas si évidente et fait l’objet de controverses. Ainsi, le législateur y répond de manière éparse sans en établir une théorie générale applicable aux mineurs. Selon les hypothèses, le droit au secret du mineur passe en effet d’une inexistence à un droit lui consacrant une réelle autonomie.Si le secret est en général une protection, ce qui en fait un droit affaiblissant le pouvoir parental, il peut aussi exposer l’enfant à un réel danger et même l’empêcher d‘accéder à une information le concernant. La richesse de la notion du secret se traduit ainsi spécifiquement lorsque le mineur en est l’objet. Sa vulnérabilité et son incapacité imposant une protection accrue, justifie de réduire le secret ou au contraire de l’étendre. En réalité la mise en œuvre du secret du mineur est différente selon que ce dernier se situe dans une relation avec un tiers ou dans ses relations avec ses parents
The secret is a former notion, anchored in our legislation, which is made generally adults. To bind the minor with the secret supposes to specify how the minority influence the right to secrecy every person of which - including when she is minor - is a holder, that it is about the extent of the right to secrecy rather more reduced than for the adults, that of the exercise of this right which, as any right of the minor is different and more complex.To keep a hidden knowledge supposes a certain degree of capacity. Yet, the particular status recognized by the minor, the subject of vulnerable right submitted to the parental authority, generates a doubt on its possibility to prevail of a secret. The consecration of such a right for the minor is not so obvious and is controversial. So, the legislator answers it in a scattered way without establishing a general theory applicable to the minors. According to the hypotheses, the right to secrecy of the minor indeed passes of a non-existence in a right dedicating him a real autonomy.If the secret is generally a protection, what makes it a right weakening the parental power, he can also expose the minor to a real danger and even prevent him from reaching an information concerning him. The richness of the notion of the secret is so specifically translated when the minor is the object. Its vulnerability and its incapacity imposing a superior protection, justify to reduce the secret or to spread it. In reality the implementation of the secret of the minor is different depending on whether this one is situated in a relation with a third party or in its relations with his parents

Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar e compreender o desenvolvimento da identidade profissional do psicólogo que atua na área da Assistência Social junto a famílias em contexto de vulnerabilidade social. Os conceitos de vulnerabilidade social, resiliência, interdisciplinaridade e sua relação com contextos que influenciam a formação identitária do psicólogo são abordados e analisados com o auxílio da Teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa com o uso da entrevista semiestruturada para coleta de dados. Participaram desta pesquisa, 12 psicólogos que atuam na área da Assistência Social, inseridos no Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS) e que atendem famílias em contexto de vulnerabilidade social. A análise do material coletado foi realizada por meio da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Os resultados demonstraram que o psicólogo, ao iniciar na área da Assistência Social, depara-se com diversos desafios relacionados, tanto ao conteúdo teórico acadêmico, por ele considerado insuficiente diante à prática, quanto ao trabalho com a equipe de profissionais que a área exige; experiência essa que não obteve em sua formação acadêmica. O desenvolvimento de sua identidade profissional é caracterizado por um processo com fases permeadas pela sensação de choque no contato inicial com a prática na assistência, seguida por crises, desafios e superação, utilizando, como recursos para enfrentamento, a aquisição de conhecimentos teóricos diversos, bem como o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias de atuação no trabalho em equipe. O contato com a vulnerabilidade social desencadeia a revisão de seus valores pessoais, de sua prática e formação, numa espiral crescente no desenvolvimento profissional, levando-o à contínua busca por formação.
This paper aimed to investigate and to comprehend the development of the psychologist professional identity who works in social work area assisting families in social vulnerability context. The social vulnerability and resilience concepts, and their relation to interdisciplinary contexts as well, that influences the identity development of the psychologist are discussed and analyzed with support of Bioecological of Human Development Theory. It is a qualitative study using semistructured interviews for gatering the data. The participants were 12 psychologists workers of social assistance area, all of them included in the Social Assistance Unique System SUAS and assisting families in social vulnerability context. The data were analyzed with support of Grounded Theory Methodology. The results showed that the psychologist who begins working into social assistance area, faces with several challenges, as regarding to theorical academic knowledge, which is considered insufficient for the practice, as regarding to the work with a professional team that the area require, and this one also is an experience not approached in his undergraduation years. The development of his professional identity is caracterized by a process with phases, with a chock sensation in his initial contacts into de assistance pratice, following by crises, challenges and overcoming experiences, using as copping resources the acquisition of theorical knowledge and the development of new teamwork strategies as well. The contact with social vulnerability triggers the review of his personal values, his practice and background academic, making an upward spiral in professional development, leading him to the search for a continuous education.

This study is concerned with how mothers, who have been referred to a children's centre for support with parenting, interpret their interactions with professionals including midwives, health visitors, social workers and family support workers. Previous studies have concentrated on unhelpful, "them and us" othering practices, this project aimed to consider mothers' interpretations of interactions, exploring verbal and non-verbal interactions as well as identifying what interactions with professionals that were helpful or not and why? To explore mothers' stories, I designed an arts based performance ethnographic methodology. Through the use of theme boards and stream of consciousness writing in a drama group context, text was collected over an eighteen month period from 16 mothers. Initial review, editing and distilling of text was carried out with participants, generating 18 scenes for a play performed together in front of a live audience. Text not used in the play was further analysed using narrative analysis and produced an overarching metaphor of a 'dance of compliance'. The dance explores images of mothers navigating steps of vulnerability, risk and compliance. Inhabiting the dance were many overlapping victimizing narratives exposing stories of parenting support presented as life enhancing in a context of scarcity. I found that the women kept dancing not because they were empowered but because the dance is obligatory, driven by the systematic production of unhelpful signs that come to constitute their reality. Theoretical perspective/s used in analysis highlight how children's centres could become a space for symbolic exchanges of support bringing into the light steps of fortitude and humanity. Recommendations for practice centre on the need for professionals to engage in empathic interactions whist always looking for opportunities for mothers to participate in the day to day activities of parenting support.

This essay is about my meeting as an educator at a preschool with a child who is deemed to be in need of special assistance. I have worked in preschools and schools for nearly fifteen years and have met a great many children with different needs during these years. I tell in this essay about my relationship with Lucas who is a child I feel need special support in his everyday life. Lucas has what we in the preschool world call impulse controlled behavior. I also feel that he is disturbed by external stimuli such as sound and he has difficulty with social interactions with friends. This places demands on me as an educator to know how I can best meet Lucas at preschool.   In my essay, I lift up my feeling of being a divided teacher. I find that I occasionally find it difficult to be on hand and meet the needs of the group, the other teachers as well as those of the individual child. I have chosen to use Henriksen & Vetlesen´s book Etik i arbete med människor (The ethics of work with people) where they discuss empathy and its role in professional life to reflect on this. In my essay, I discuss the special education´s entry in the preschool world. I reflect on the differences in education and special education and its importance in my profession. I use Eva Björck-Åkesson´s book Specialpedagogik i förskolan (Special education in kindergarten) which is based on a system theoretical perspective. I also use Claes Nilholm´s book Perspektiv på specialpedagogik (Perspectives on special education) in my reflections on special education. Through my selected literature and my own reflections I review myself.  I have in my story related events with Lucas where his vulnerability in the children's group becomes apparent. I have critically reviewed these events and discussed if I in my educator role contributed to this vulnerability. I find using the literature that my role as an educator is complex and I examine myself during the writing of this essay. My own personal experience turns out to play a role in my role as an educator.

O estudo teve como objetivo analisar as vulnerabilidades e os enfrentamentos dos idosos vivendo com HIV/Aids na atenção básica de saúde. Para realização da pesquisa, utilizou-se a abordagem qualitativa, tendo como referencial teórico a abordagem psicossocial e emancipatória, segundo o conceito de vulnerabilidade baseada nos direitos humanos. O estudo foi realizado no município de Botucatu, em todas as unidades de saúde que adotam a Estratégia Saúde da Família e no Hospital-dia HIV/Aids, da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu da Universidade Estadual Paulista. Participaram do estudo 11 idosos vivendo com HIV que descobriram a doença após os 60 anos, 12 médicos e 11 enfermeiros que atuam na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas analisadas de acordo com o referencial da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin, mais especificamente, a Análise Temática. Buscando entender as razões que levaram os idosos a estarem em situação vulnerável à infecção pelo HIV, foram adotadas para análise as seguintes categorias: vulnerabilidade individual, vulnerabilidade social e vulnerabilidade programática. Foram encontradas como categorias empíricas: - Infecção e formas de contágio do HIV; - Enfrentando a soro positividade: o cotidiano dos idosos vivendo com HIV; - Acesso do idoso aos serviços de saúde x solicitação da sorologia para HIV; - Marcos da relação entre o profissional de saúde e o idoso; - Planejamento, compromisso e responsabilidade dos profissionais para com os idosos. A articulação das subcategorias que emergiram das categorias empíricas permitiu identificar duas categorias centrais: O viver com HIV/Aids e Diagnóstico Tardio. O conceito de vulnerabilidade no quadro dos direitos humanos possibilitou visualizar aspectos que podem contribuir para a emancipação psicossocial do idoso. Para isso, é necessário reconhecer o idoso como um sujeito cidadão, sujeito sexual e sujeito de direito, abordando esse idoso e compreendendo-o como sujeito do seu cotidiano e de direitos. Conclui-se que, enquanto os serviços de saúde não englobarem os idosos como sujeitos coautores das ações direcionadas à prevenção das DST/Aids, poucos serão os avanços na luta contra a epidemia. São necessários, portanto, esforços dos organismos de saúde, por meio de programas específicos, e dos profissionais de saúde, que devem buscar o olhar sobre o idoso, incluindo sua sexualidade, para que possam contribuir para uma melhor qualidade de vida deste segmento populacional.
The aim of this study was to analyze the vulnerability and challenges of the elderly living with HIV/Aids in primary health care. In order to conduct the research, we followed the qualitative approach, having as a theoretical reference the psychosocial and emancipatory approach according to the concept of vulnerability based on human rights. The study was performed in Botucatu at all health units that adopt the Family Health Strategy and at the partial hospitalization for HIV/Aids of São Paulo State University Medical School in Botucatu. 11 elderly people who were diagnosed with HIV after their 60th birthday, 12 physicians, and 11 nurses working at Family Health Strategy took part in the study. The data were obtained with semistructured interviews analyzed according to Bardins Content Analysis, more specifically Thematic Analysis. Seeking to understand the reasons that have made the elderly vulnerable to the HIV infection, we adopted for analysis the following categories: individual, social and programmatic vulnerability. We established as empirical categories: - HIV infection and forms of contagion; - Facing seropositivity: the daily life of the elderly living with HIV; - Access of the elderly to health services vs. request for HIV serology; - Milestones in the relationship between health professionals and the elderly; - Planning, commitment and responsibility of professionals towards the elderly. The articulation of the subcategories arising from the empirical categories enabled us to identify two central categories: Living with HIV/Aids and late diagnosis. The concept of vulnerability in the context of human rights enabled us to view aspects that can contribute to the psychosocial emancipation of the elderly. To that purpose, it is necessary to recognize the elderly as social, sexual, and rightful individuals, as actors of their lives and rights. In conclusion, unless health services engage the elderly in actions geared at the prevention of STD/AIDS, there will be few advances in the struggle against the epidemic. Therefore, health organizations, by means of specific programs, and health professionals, who have to take the elderly into consideration, including their sexuality, should strive to contribute to a better quality of life for this demographic.

Cette recherche a été initiée à partir des constats suivants : les étudiants en soins infirmiers français réussissent en majorité à achever leurs scolarités en dépit d’un vécu de stress important durant celles-ci, les conduisant parfois au burnout. Grâce à une approche exploratoire avec en premier une revue de littérature puis une enquête auprès de 30 participants à l’aide d’entretiens semi-directifs analysés de manière thématique, nous avons étudié ces phénomènes sous l’angle de la vulnérabilité et de la résilience. D’une part, les principaux résultats nous permettent de confirmer que la formation infirmière place l’individu dans une situation de vulnérabilité conjoncturelle. Les facteurs personnels de vulnérabilité soulignés sont entre autres : le processus de transformation identitaire opérant lors de la scolarité, les enjeux dus à un apprentissage durant la jeunesse (alterner formation et premier travail d’étudiant, apprendre à s’autogérer dans un premier appartement, s’éloigner pour la première fois du cocon familial, etc.) ou plus tard dans la vie adulte (revenir à un statut financier plus précaire, se faire encadrer par des plus âgés que soi, assumer son rôle de parent en plus de celui de ses travaux d’étudiants, etc.). Les principaux facteurs de vulnérabilité liés à l’environnement sont : la mesure difficile de l’écart entre l’idéal et la réalité, le vécu émotionnel durant l’apprentissage en stage auprès des patients, des encadrants sur le terrain souvent en souffrance dans leur travail et dont la relation pédagogique avec l’apprenti est détériorée. Les symptômes qui en découlent vont d’un simple stress, à des angoisses, des insomnies, ou encore une perte d’espoir par exemple. Ces symptômes sont parfois l’expression d’un syndrome de stress post-traumatique ou d’un burnout. D’autre part, l’enquête a révélé que des processus résilients peuvent être observés pendant les études. D’un point de vue des facteurs de protection, l’apprentissage en lui-même et des pédagogues soutenants favorisent le processus de mentalisation. Des mécanismes de défense sont également activés durant la formation comme l’altruisme lors de la relation d’aide ou l’affiliation au cours des nombreux temps de partage entre pairs. Des tuteurs potentiels de résilience à la disposition des étudiants ont été identifiés : les apprenants entre eux, les formateurs, les directeurs, les cadres de santé/maître de stage, les infirmiers, les aides-soignants et des psychologues. Nous avons identifié leurs caractéristiques comme la bienveillance dont ils font preuve, le rôle de garant de la loi, de l’éthique et de la déontologie… Enfin, nous avons analysé les nouveaux éléments apportés par cette recherche et nous les avons éclairés par des investigations complémentaires dans la littérature. Nous avons notamment comparé les publications internationales sur les risques de burnout des étudiants en soins infirmiers. Nous avons approfondi la principale caractéristique de leurs tuteurs de résilience qui est ressortie de notre enquête : la compassion. Enfin, nous avons envisagé le suivi pédagogique et l’analyse de pratique professionnelle comme deux séquences d’apprentissage permettant d’accompagner la résilience
The vast majority of French nursing students succeed in their studies despite having experienced stress factors, that can often be associated or, indeed, lead to burnout. We conducted a literature review followed by a semi-structured interview of 30 nursing students. The aim was to explore the concepts of vulnerability and resilience and how nursing students use these to succeed in their studies. Our main results confirm that nursing training places students in a situation of temporary vulnerability. Personal factors of vulnerability identified were: the stakes due to learning during the youth or later in adult life and the process of identity. The main factors of vulnerability relating to the environment were; the difficulty in measuring the gap between the ideal and reality, the emotional experience with the patient during their placement and establishment of difficult relationships with supervisors, who are often suffering in their work. The main consequences observed were stress, anxiety, insomnia, or loss of hope. These symptoms are sometimes the expression of post-traumatic stress disorder or of a professional burnout.On the other hand, the survey revealed that resilient processes can be observed during the studies. The main protective factors identified in the study that gave the students resilience were ; learning in oneself and supportive teachers, which allows the mentalization process. Defense mechanisms are also activated during training. Altruism in the supportive relationship both with mentors and the camaradery formed with fellow students were particularly evident amongst the interview responses. Potential sources of resilience identified were: student groups, trainers, directors, health managers / supervisors, nurses, nursing aides and psychologists. In summary, we have analyzed the new elements that this research has shown and compared to previous studies that have been conducted about the risk of among nursing students. We identified the main characteristic of their resilience tutors that emerged from our investigation: compassion. Finally, we considered the pedagogical follow-up and the analysis of professional practice as the two sequences of learning to promote resilience

The thesis reflects a relationship between a social worker and a client within ethical-psychological contexts and provides understanding of its significance. It gives an insight into conditions for establishing an optimum relationship between a social worker and a client and into risks that may disturb the mutual relationship, especially the risk of power. The terms of social worker, client and their relationship are characterized in terms of professional ethics. If an ethical reflection is to be competent, it is to cover psychological knowledge such as human needs, incentives and motives for acting. To conclude, ethical solutions a social worker should take into account in relation to a client are defined. These are human dignity, respect, autonomy, responsibility, dependency and vulnerability.

This qualitative study uses narrative inquiry (Connelly & Clandinin, 1988, 1990, 2001) and self-study to investigate ways to further understand and facilitate the integration of holistic philosophies of education with media literacy pedagogies. As founder and director of the Youth Media Literacy Project and a self-titled Imagitator (one who agitates imagination), I have spent over 10 years teaching media literacy in various high schools, universities, and community centres across North America. This study will focus on my own personal practical knowledge (Connelly & Clandinin, 1982) as a culture jammer, educator and cancer survivor to illustrate my original vision of a ‘holistic media literacy pedagogy’. This research reflects on the emergence and impact of holistic media literacy in my personal and professional life and also draws from relevant interdisciplinary literature to challenge and synthesize current insights and theories of media literacy, holistic education and culture jamming.