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Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 20 lutego 2023

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1

Professional dominance: The social structure of medical care. New Brunswick, NJ: Aldine Transaction, 2007.

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Richard, Scott W., red. Institutional change and healthcare organizations: From professional dominance to managed care. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.

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The pleasure's all mine: The memoir of a professional submissive. New York: Carroll & Graf, 2006.

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Dezalay, Yves. Political crises as professional battlegrounds: Technocratic and philanthropic challenges to the dominance of the cosmopolitan lawyer-statesman in Brazil. Chicago: American Bar Foundation, 1996.

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Greatest teams: The most dominant powerhouses in sports. New York, NY: Bishop Books, 1998.

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Britten, Nicky. Medicines and society: Patients, professionals and the dominance of pharmaceuticals. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.

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Fineman, Martha. Dominant discourse: The professional appropriation of child custody decision-making. Madison, Wis: Institute for Legal Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Law School, 1987.

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Mosher, Janet E. Legal ethics: Dominant paradigms and critical perspectives : LSUC and CBA rules of professional conduct. [Toronto]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1997.

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Eberts, Mary A. Legal ethics: Dominant paradigms and critical perspectives : LSUC and CBA rules of professional conduct. [Toronto]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1996.

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Mosher, Janet E. Legal ethics: Dominant paradigms and critical perspectives : LSUC and CBA rules of professional conduct. [Toronto]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1998.

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Freidson, Eliot. Professional Dominance. Redaktor Robert A. Manners. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315127491.

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Quick, Oliver. Regulating Patient Safety: The End of Professional Dominance? Cambridge University Press, 2017.

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Freidson, Eliot, i Robert A. Manners. Professional Dominance: The Social Structure of Medical Care. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Quick, Oliver. Regulating Patient Safety: The End of Professional Dominance? Cambridge University Press, 2018.

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15

Friedson, Eliot. Professional Dominance: The Social Structure of Medical Care. Aldine Transaction, 2006.

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Manners, Robert A. Professional Dominance: The Social Structure of Medical Care. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Quick, Oliver. Regulating Patient Safety: The End of Professional Dominance? Cambridge University Press, 2017.

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18

Quick, Oliver. Regulating Patient Safety: The End of Professional Dominance? Cambridge University Press, 2017.

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Professional Dominance: The Social Structure of Medical Care. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Ruef, Martin, Peter J. Mendel, Carol A. Caronna i W. Richard Scott. Institutional Change and Healthcare Organizations : From Professional Dominance to Managed Care. University Of Chicago Press, 2000.

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Ruef, Martin, Peter J. Mendel, Carol A. Caronna i W. Richard Scott. Institutional Change and Healthcare Organizations : From Professional Dominance to Managed Care. University Of Chicago Press, 2000.

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Surdam, David George. A Brief History of Professional Team Sports. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039140.003.0001.

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This chapter traces the history of professional team sports in order to place the issues covered in the Congressional hearings in the proper context. It first considers the rise of baseball as America's national pastime and Major League Baseball (MLB)'s decision to maintain two separate leagues, the American League and the National League. It then discusses the dispute between MLB and the rival Federal League, along with the emergence of other sports that achieved Big League status, namely, football and basketball. It also examines the prosperity of the National Football League (NFL) and the National Basketball Association (NBA) as well as the appearance of new challengers to their dominance after World War II. Finally, it looks at the Flood v. Kuhn, a Supreme Court case that challenged baseball's reserve clause, along with the rise of free agency.
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Harris, Joseph. Achieving Access. Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501709968.001.0001.

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Why do resource-constrained countries make costly commitments to universal health coverage and AIDS treatment after transitioning to democracy? At a time when the world’s wealthiest nations struggle to make healthcare and medicine available to everyone, this book explores the dynamics that made landmark policies possible in Thailand and Brazil but which have led to prolonged struggle and contestation in South Africa. While conventional wisdom suggests that democratization empowers the masses, this book draws attention to an underappreciated dynamic: that democratization empowers elites from esteemed professions – frequently doctors and lawyers – who forge progressive change on behalf of those in need in the face of broader opposition at home and from abroad. The relative success of professional movements in Thailand and Brazil and failure in South Africa highlights critical differences in the character of political competition. Whereas fierce political competition provided opportunities for professional movements to have surprising influence on the policymaking process in Thailand and Brazil, the unrivaled dominance of the African National Congress allowed the ruling party the luxury of entertaining only limited healthcare reform and charlatan AIDS policy in South Africa. The book offers lessons for the United States and other countries seeking to embark on expansive health reforms.
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Katz, Richard S., i Peter Mair. The Locus of Power in Parties. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199586011.003.0003.

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Rather than being unitary actors, each party is a political system in itself, with three major “faces”: the party in public office; the party central office; and the party on the ground. Over time, the balance of power within parties has shifted, to support the dominance of the party in public office. This evolution has been accompanied by institutional changes, and it has been supported by the growing similarity of the positions of members of the party in public office (responsibilities of governing; exigencies of professional political careers) regardless of the political complexion of their parties or the demands of their members.
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Denis, Jean-Louis, Sabrina Germain, Catherine Régis i Gianluca Veronesi. Medical Doctors in Health Reforms. Policy Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447352150.001.0001.

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Medical doctors play a crucial role in the allocation and use of resources in health care systems. They shape capacities to renew policy orientations and innovate models of care. However, little attention has been paid to their specific role in health reforms. This book explores this aspect by looking at the role of the medical profession in health reforms in two mature welfare states with publicly-funded healthcare systems (PFHS): Canada and England. Specifically, the book investigates the multifaceted and paradoxical situation where a dominant profession – medicine – faces increasing pressures to become an active player and an ally in major policy efforts and system-wide reforms driven by governments. The conceptual underpinning of this work builds on the contribution of various areas of studies, namely the sociology of professions, studies on professions and organisations and law. The analysis investigates reformative processes from the inception of both PFHS and identifies the role of the medical profession in policy formulation. The focus is predominantly on the role of organised medicine (unions, professional associations and colleges) with their political struggles to promote and advance medical values and interests in a context where governments aim to transform health care systems. Empirically, the book builds on a socio-historical and institutional narrative of health care reforms and on the role played by the medical profession in both countries. The book offers insights into the government's ability to drive change in the health care system and to engage medical doctors as partners in health reforms.
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Lee, Wes. Professional Persuasion: Sales Strategies to Influence, Dominate, and Succeed in Your Market. Independently Published, 2020.

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Cooper, John. Pride Versus Prejudice. Liverpool University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781874774877.001.0001.

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This book chronologically details the lives and professional experiences of Jewish professional figures, demonstrating the obstacles they faced and the status they achieved. The book begins by detailing the influx of Jews into medical schools after 1914 and the problems these Jewish medical students faced. Finding employment was problematic. Afraid of antisemitic claims that Jews were flooding the market, the leaders of Anglo-Jewry even tried in the 1930s to dissuade young Jews from becoming doctors and lawyers. In this context, the book also considers the position of refugee doctors before and during the Second World War. The establishment of the National Health Service in 1948 resulted in fundamental changes, particularly in the way in which consultants were selected, and this permitted Jewish doctors to enter specialties from which they had previously been excluded. The book summarizes the careers of many prominent Jewish doctors. The experience of Jews in the legal profession, both as solicitors and barristers, is examined in similar detail. The persistence of an anti-Jewish bias in the inter-war period limited opportunities for Jews and dissuaded them from entering the law. After the war, major changes in the economy and legal system allowed Jewish law firms to expand rapidly, challenging the dominance of the City law firms in the commercial world. Many of these firms consequently began to admit Jewish partners for the first time. From the late 1960s, Jews were also promoted in increasing numbers to position on the High Court Bench. As well as giving a detailed picture of these mainstream developments the book also looks at the careers of Jewish communist, socialist, and maverick lawyers.
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Sukhomlin, Vladimir, Elena Zubareva, Dmitry Namiot i Aleksey Yakushin. System for the Development of Digital Skills MSU Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics &Base ALT. LCC MAKS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2575.978-5-317-06336-8.

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The book explores the analysis of modern methodological solutions and standards regarding the classification and description of professional roles (skills / competencies / professions / profiles) in the field of information technology, as well as the analysis of similar aspects related to educational system tools for the development of IT skills / competencies, namely, educational programs and resources. The concept of skills and, above all, digital skills, is becoming dominant in human resources management, and the task of developing the skills necessary to participate in the digital economy and digital society is becoming one of the most important tasks of modern society. It requires the organization of processes for identifying relevant general and specialized digital skills and the organization of educational processes for teaching these skills through the development of the educational and training systems potential, using tools of additional education, lifelong learning and training in the workplace. These studies were carried out as part of the development work to create a system for the development of digital skills in demand in the digital economy, based on formal university education, as well as various forms of additional education, including the participation of employers. This made it possible to substantiate and develop fundamental solutions for creating a system for the development of digital skills, focused on the training of highly qualified specialists, innovative and scientific personnel (digital talents) in the field of computer and information sciences and their applications. In this regard, the authors hope that the research they have performed will be useful to all professionals engaged in solving the problems of personnel management, project management, developing educational and professional standards, developing educational programs and resources for the development of relevant digital skills, as well as all professionals and those who aspires to this, since in the book the reader will find the system of the modern landscape of the IT labor market.
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Langston, Joy K. Authority and Delegation in the Chamber of Deputies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190628512.003.0009.

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Bstudy The purpose of this chapter is to understand the third and last important task of parties: managing their legislative delegation. During the years of one-party dominance, the Mexican legislature was famously weak compared to the executive because the president ruled over a hegemonic party that suffered little electoral competition and deputies who were limited to a single term. This changed dramatically when the PAN won the presidency, but was not able to capture a majority in either house of Congress. The work of unifying the PRI’s congressional delegation fell to its national officers and Chamber leaders, who placated the party’s governors and whipped the PRI’s legislators to vote together. To better understand the relations of power and delegation within the PRI’s legislative caucus, the chapter uniquely measures and compares the political and professional backgrounds of those PRI deputies who became or did not become committee chairs across the two periods.
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Glass, Loren. Carole King's Tapestry. Bloomsbury Publishing Inc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501355653.

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Carole King’s Tapestry is both an anthemic embodiment of second-wave feminism and an apotheosis of the Laurel Canyon singer-songwriter sound and scene. And these two elements of the album’s historic significance are closely related insofar as the professional autonomy of the singer-songwriter is an expression of the freedom and independence women of King’s generation sought as the turbulent sixties came to a close. Aligning King’s own development from girl to woman with the larger shift in the music industry from teen-oriented singles by girl groups to albums by adult-oriented singer-songwriters, this volume situates Tapestry both within King’s original vision as the third in a trilogy (preceded by Now That Everything’s Been Said and Writer) and as a watershed in musical and cultural history, challenging the male dominance of the music and entertainment industries and laying the groundwork for female dominated genres such as women’s music and Riot Grrrl punk.
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Strain, Virginia Lee. Legal Reform in English Renaissance Literature. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474416290.001.0001.

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This book investigates rhetorical and representational practices that were used to monitor English law at the turn of the seventeenth century. While the majority of Law and Literature studies characterise the law as a force of coercion and subjugation, this book instead treats in greater depth the law’s own vulnerability, both to corruption and to correction. The dominance of law in early modern life made its failings and improvements of widespread concern: it was a regular and popular focus of criticism. The terms and techniques of legal reform provided modes of analysis through which legal authorities and literary writers alike evaluated form and character. Legal reform, together with the conflicts and anxieties that inspired and sprang from it, were represented by courtly, coterie, and professional writers. Spenser’s Faerie Queene, the Gray’s Inn Christmas revels of 1594-5, Donne’s ‘Satyre V’, and Shakespeare’s Measure for Measure and The Winter’s Tale all examine the potential, as well as the ethical and practical limitations, of legal reform’s contribution to local and national governance.
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Witty, Adam Adam, i Harper Harper Tucker. Lead the Field for Financial Professionals: How to Become an Authority and Dominate Your Competition. Forbes Books, 2018.

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Hutson, Lorna, red. The Oxford Handbook of English Law and Literature, 1500-1700. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199660889.001.0001.

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This Handbook triangulates the disciplines of history, legal history, and literature to produce a new, interdisciplinary framework for the study of early modern England. For historians of early modern England, turning to legal archives and learning more about legal procedure has seemed increasingly relevant to the project of understanding familial and social relations as well as political institutions, state formation, and economic change. Literary scholars and intellectual historians have also shown how classical forensic rhetoric formed the basis both of the humanist teaching of literary composition (poetry and drama) and of new legal epistemologies of fact-finding and evidence evaluation. In addition, the post-Reformation jurisdictional dominance of the common law produced new ways of drawing the boundaries between private conscience and public accountability. This Handbook brings historians, literary scholars, and legal historians together to build on and challenge these and similar lines of inquiry. Chapters in the Handbook consider the following topics in a variety of combinations: forensic rhetoric, poetics, and evidence; humanist and legal learning; political and professional identities at the Inns of Court; poetry, drama, and visual culture; local governance and legal reform; equity, conscience, and religious law; legal transformations of social and affective relations (property, marriage, witchcraft, contract, corporate personhood); authorial liability (libel, censorship, press regulation); rhetorics of liberty, slavery, torture, and due process; nation, sovereignty, and international law (the British archipelago, colonialism, empire).
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Dugger, Chest. Numbers Behind Success in Soccer: Discover How Some Modern Professional Soccer Teams and Players Use Analytics to Dominate the Competition. Abiprod, 2020.

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Numbers Behind Success in Soccer: Discover How Some Modern Professional Soccer Teams and Players Use Analytics to Dominate the Competition. Independently Published, 2020.

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Najemy, John M. Machiavelli's Broken World. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199580927.001.0001.

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Machiavelli was painfully aware of living in a disastrous moment of Italy’s history: foreign invasions, occupations, and shattered states. This is a study of his evaluation of the failures of Italy’s political leaders, professional soldiers, and popes—and of the underlying causes of those failures. The first chapter presents Machiavelli’s reactions to Italy’s travails during his years in Florence’s chancery. Chapter two surveys his critique of Italy’s republics and princes. The next two explore the dispatches from Machiavelli’s diplomatic missions (legations) when he observed the self-destructive delusions and ambitions of the would-be prince, Cesare Borgia, and the recklessness of Pope Julius II. Searching for the causes of the dysfunctions of this “broken” political world, Machiavelli focused on the “ambition” and “avarice” of Italy’s elite families. The central fifth chapter analyzes his theorization of this class’s relentless ambition and abuses of power, particularly its preference for extra-constitutional private power through factions that weaken law and governments—what he called corruption. Four chapters examine his understanding of elite politics in the historical context of the Florentine republic: the ambition of elite families leading to competing private factions aiming to control the republic from outside the institutions of government, and eventually to the dominance of the Medici faction, which, after suppressing its rivals, tolerated no dissent and drove all opposition into conspiracy, itself living in fear of conspiracies, real or imagined. The last chapter contends that, for Machiavelli, those who corrupted legal institutions in pursuit of private power represent the most dangerous kind of tyranny, the collective tyranny of the wealthy and powerful.
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Oates, Thomas P. The End of Football? University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040948.003.0007.

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The concluding chapter examines narratives that threaten to disrupt both professional football’s immense profits and the ideological formation that has been advanced through its image. This challenge to dominant meanings, which has become increasingly pronounced in recent years, is a reassessment of football’s violence in the wake of revelations of devastating brain injuries among former players and of acts of sexual violence by NFL players.
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Sheppard, Charles, Simon Davy, Graham Pilling i Nicholas Graham. The Biology of Coral Reefs. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787341.001.0001.

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Coral reefs represent the most spectacular and diverse marine ecosystem on the planet as well as a critical source of protein and income for many millions of people. Ecologically they are as complex as they are diverse and colourful. However, the combined effects of human activities have led to a rapid decline worldwide in the health of reefs. This timely book provides an integrated overview of the function, physiology, ecology and behaviour of coral reef organisms. Each chapter is enriched with a selection of ‘boxes’ on specific aspects written by internationally recognized experts. As with other books in the Biology of Habitats Series, the emphasis in this book is on the organisms that dominate this marine environment, although pollution, conservation, climate change and experimental aspects are also included. Indeed, particular emphasis is placed on conservation and management due to the habitat’s critically endangered status. A global range of examples is employed which gives the book international relevance. This accessible text is intended for students, naturalists and professionals and assumes no previous knowledge of coral reef biology. It is particularly suitable for both senior undergraduate and graduate students (in departments of biology, geography, and environmental science) taking courses in coral reef ecology, marine biology, oceanography and conservation biology, as well as the many professional ecologists and conservation biologists requiring a concise overview of the topic. It will also be of relevance and use to reef managers, recreational divers and amateur naturalists.
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Matthews, Christopher N. A Struggle for Heritage. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066684.001.0001.

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A Struggle for Heritage draws on extensive archaeological, archival, and oral historical research and sets a remarkable standard for projects that engage a descendant community left out of the dominant narrative. Matthews demonstrates how archaeology can be an activist voice for a vulnerable population’s civil rights as he brings attention to the continuous, gradual, and effective economic assault on people of color living in a traditional neighborhood amid gentrification. Providing examples of multiple approaches to documenting hidden histories and silenced pasts, this study is a model for public and professional efforts to include and support the preservation of historic communities of color.
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Phillips, Murray G., i Gary Osmond. Digital History Flexes its Muscle. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038938.003.0012.

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This concluding chapter discusses the potentially far-reaching impact of the intersection between history and the digital era. An important consequence of this discussion is the encouragement of experimentation in history making. Digital history, at its maximalist end, engages with the practice of experimentation by denaturalizing every dimension of traditional history: the dominance of qualitative research, traditional source materials, the practice of sole authoring, one-way scholarly communication, peer review, filter-then-publish models, linear narratives, intellectual property, and the viability of the monograph as the gold-standard, professionally approved, artifact. In these ways, “the digital does provide us with an important opportunity to explore the possibilities of reconsidering and reformulating the practice and value of history to contemporary society.”
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Schayegh, Cyrus. Eugenics in Interwar Iran. Redaktorzy Alison Bashford i Philippa Levine. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195373141.013.0027.

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This article outlines the hygiene roots of eugenics and puériculture in Iran and points out the social and political reasons why both arose in the 1920s. It explains Iran's demographic problem, and lists the variety of measures intended to tackle it, and demonstrates eugenics' explicit role in, and implicit effects on, these measures. It further explains why modern middle-class physicians were the dominant socio-professional group responsible for the adaptation particularly of puériculture; and shows how Iran's semi-colonial position affected its adaptation of eugenics. This placed Iran at the margins of international networks of scientific research and, at the same time, turned France into its paramount source of biomedical education and social reformism.
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Welch, Graham, i Adam Ockelford. The role of the institution and teachers in supporting learning. Redaktorzy Susan Hallam, Ian Cross i Michael Thaut. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199298457.013.0029.

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This article discusses how learning and teaching in music are shaped by processes outside the individual, not least because of the influences of group membership (allied to age and gender), performance expectations and practices, and professional and institutional cultures. The process of individual induction into the characteristics of a particular musical culture by teachers and institutions influences the formation of identities in music, for better or for worse, at least in terms of dominant models within the culture. Indeed, the development of music teachers themselves can be seen within an activity system, i.e. the teacher's understanding of their role is developed both by informal personal reflection of the experience of performance and their own learning, and, more systematically, through their own induction process by attendance at a specialist, pedagogically focused institution.
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Heinze, Eric. Toward a Legal Concept of Hatred. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190465544.003.0006.

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Antidiscrimination law focuses on material conduct. A legal concept of hatred, by contrast, focuses on attitudes, as manifest notably through hate speech bans. Democracies by definition assign higher-law status to expression within public discourse. Such expression can, in principle, be legally curtailed only through a showing that it would likely cause some legally cognizable harm. Defenders of bans, struggling with standard empirical claims, have overtly or tacitly applied “anti-Cartesian” phenomenological and sociolinguistic theories to challenge dominant norms that largely limit such harm to demonstrable material causation. Such notions of harm cannot, however, be reconciled with higher-law norms barring viewpoint-selective penalties on expression. Still, a democracy retains alternative means of combating hateful attitudes, including formal and public educational policy, and codes of professional practice in the public and private sectors.
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Ayyar, R. V. Vaidyanatha. Winds of Change Begin to Blow (Stints of Madhavrao Scindia and S.R. Bommai). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199474943.003.0010.

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This chapter describes how the Indian education system began to undergo a systemic transformation from 1990s, how ‘international’ schools made their appearance, how private-unaided institutions (self-financing institutions) began to dominate professional education, how the idea of private universities begins to acquire traction, and how India began to be increasingly exposed to the ongoing globalization of education. It critiques the functioning of the AICTE and NCTE. It outlines the policy initiatives undertaken by Madhavrao Scindia and S.R. Bommai as Ministers, MHRD. It narrates the controversy aroused by the proposal to set up a world class National Science University. It describes the salient features of the Private Universities (Establishment and Regulation) Bill, 1995, introduced in the Rajya Sabha by Scindia, and the efforts made by Bommai to amend the Constitution so as to make elementary education a Fundamental Right.
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Berger, Stefan. From the Search for Normality to the Search for Normality: German Historical Writing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199225996.003.0012.

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This chapter demonstrates the overwhelming dominance of a Marxist, Soviet-inspired agenda, and the supremacy of social and especially economic history. During the Cold War, only the historians in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) followed the Western path. Their counterparts in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) adhered to the Marxist-Leninist framework of history-writing prescribed by the ruling Socialist Unity Party (SED). The divided world of the Cold War ensured that history-writing in the FRG and GDR became highly polarized. Anti-communism remained the underlying rationale of much historical writing in the FRG during the 1950s, and anti-imperialism and anti-capitalism comprised the ideological backbone of the GDR’s historical profession. Ultimately, the Cold War was crucial in incorporating West and East German historians into different transnational networks. After 1945, the two Germanies were attempting to regain some kind of national as well as historiographical ‘normality’ following major political and historiographical caesuras.
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Pihlajamäki, Heikki. Tracing Legal History In Continental Civil Law. Redaktorzy Markus D. Dubber i Christopher Tomlins. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198794356.013.37.

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This chapter begins with a brief introductory note on the role of legal history in ancient Roman law, and the legal scholarship of medieval glossators and commentators. It then turns to the dominant schools of continental legal scholarship in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the ‘Neo-Bartolists’ and the usus modernus pandectarum. It considers the rise of the Historical School in Germany and the corresponding movements elsewhere in continental Europe. Methodologically, the representatives of the Historical School were the first professional legal historians in the modern sense of the term. Finally, the chapter retells the story of the rise of European legal history in the post-war period, and the recent trends towards a creation of global legal histories. It shows that legal history’s turns have in many ways followed from not only legal scholarship in general, but also from developments in historical science and global politics.
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Bezes, Philippe. Challenges to French Public Administration. Redaktorzy Robert Elgie, Emiliano Grossman i Amy G. Mazur. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199669691.013.12.

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This chapter aims to characterize the French administrative system and its contemporary transformations, by identifying the dynamics and diversity of the research conducted on this subject in the disciplines of sociology, political science, and in history. Adopting a comparative perspective, it emphasizes the richness of research programs on the French bureaucracy, its institutions, regulation, reforms, and agents. Four pillars of the French administrative system are identified (centralization, territoriality, administrative law, and administrative elites). The chapter emphasizes the renewal of academic studies of French public administration, exploring the various dimensions and effects of neo-managerial reforms (policy elites, street-level bureaucrats, professional groups). The chapter also characterizes the “French touch” in the study of French public administration and claims that French scholars of the bureaucracy, influenced by stimulating sociological perspectives, offer an interesting dialogue with the approaches that are currently dominant at the international level, and might sometimes even reinvigorate them.
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Russell, Gillian. The Regulation of Theatres. Redaktor David Duff. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199660896.013.16.

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Romantic-period theatre faced long-standing legal constraints on where playhouses could be built, the kind of plays that could be staged, and the social status of actors. This chapter shows how new legislation and historical conditions gradually altered this picture. The impact of the French Revolution and the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars created a demand for forms of theatrical entertainment that would mediate the rapidity and scale of cultural and political change, forms for which the ‘illegitimate’ theatres of London were particularly suited. The dominant ‘legitimate’ theatres of Covent Garden and Drury Lane responded to this competition by becoming bigger in scale and developing new, visually spectacular genres such as melodrama and Gothic drama. By the 1820s the two-tier system of legitimate and illegitimate theatres had lost its cultural force and actors were legally recognized as no longer akin to vagrants but as professional artists, analogous to poets and novelists.
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Stover, Kayla, i Sherry Cable. American Women’s Environmental Activism. Redaktorzy Holly J. McCammon, Verta Taylor, Jo Reger i Rachel L. Einwohner. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190204204.013.34.

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Women have played instrumental, often leading, roles in the twentieth-century environmental movement. The sparse literature on women’s activism in the early twentieth century indicates that both White and Black women in the racially segregated, middle-class women’s club movement pursued urban reforms. But White women additionally adopted conservationism, while Black women led the struggle for racial justice. The more robust literature focuses on women’s participation in the environmental movement originating in the 1960s. Marked by class, gender, and racial divisions, the movement consists of three sectors. Whites and men far outnumber Blacks and women in the middle-class professional and radical movement segments that center on conservationism. In contrast, White and Black women dominate leadership and membership in community, anti-contamination organizations representing the working-class environmental justice movement. Research findings identify three themes: women’s motivations for becoming activists, their experiences of participating as activists, and the individual impacts of being activists.
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Keane, Adrian, i Paul McKeown. 21. Privilege. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198811855.003.0021.

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This chapter discusses several well-established principles whereby relevant evidence is excluded because of extrinsic considerations which outweigh the value that the evidence would have at trial. Three types of privilege are considered: (i) the privilege against self-incrimination (including statutory withdrawal of the privilege, compatibility with Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights, the compulsory production of pre-existing documents and materials, and substituted protection); (ii) legal professional privilege, which enables a client to protect the confidentiality of (a) communications between him and his lawyer made for the purpose of obtaining and giving legal advice (known as ‘legal advice privilege’) and (b) communications between him or his lawyer and third parties for the dominant purpose of preparation for pending or contemplated litigation (known as ‘litigation privilege’); and (iii) ‘without prejudice’ privilege, which enables settlement negotiations to be conducted without fear of proposed concessions being used in evidence at trial as admissions.
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