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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Produits commerciaux – Recyclage"
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Johnson, Craig, Jason Morrow i Misha Minasyan. "Recycle Processor for Commercial Aircraft Wing Trimmings". Materials Science Forum 941 (grudzień 2018): 2413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.2413.
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Tons of composite trimmings are regularly generated as a result of current production methods in commercial aircraft wing component fabrication. Specific to this proposal, a local facility produces trimmings that range in thickness from about a centimeter to over two inches thick and varying widths from a few inches to six inches and lengths up to five feet. Reducing the cost of the disposition of these trimmings and a reduction of waste to landfill are the primary motivations for this work. A processor was devised that both separates fiber and reduces volume. This device is a vertical crusher/roller into which the ‘boards’ are inserted. An initial cogged wheel delaminates much of the board. Secondary wheels and hammers crush the matrix. The resulting matrix is captured at the bottom, while the fibers are pulled off to a side roller. Preliminary testing of a prototype indicates that a composite board takes 156 ksi to initiate delamination in bending. A sub-size device with components was designed and built. The device was designed in the fall of 2017 and constructed over the winter. By spring the system was operational and test data was generated for the processor. Test parameters include percent and amounts of recovered fiber, processing rates related to all the composite constituents, packing volumes, and overall energy management. A report was generated in concurrence with our MET489 Senior Project capstone course by the end of the current academic year.
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Crook, Brian. "147 Keynote: Bioaerosols Associated with Waste and Recycling – Balancing the Circular Economy with Occupational Health and Safety". Annals of Work Exposures and Health 67, Supplement_1 (1.05.2023): i1—i2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxac087.003.
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Abstract Economic and environmental pressures are increasingly driving all areas of industry, not least waste and recycling. For many years waste disposal was the forgotten industrial sector, with little attention paid other than finding an out-of-the-way location for a landfill site. Initially, concerns about environmental consequences of pollution stimulated alternative approaches. This led to recycling becoming a virtue, then a legal necessity through reduce-reuse-recycle and targets driven by national and international legislation. However, the virtues and legal requirements to minimise single use disposal of waste materials and encouraging greater recycling has to be done without adding to human health risk. Domestic and commercial waste is by definition a complex and diverse mix of materials requiring separation into individual recyclable products. Despite increasing automation, waste recycling still remains (and will for some time to come) labour-intensive. Some practices associated with waste recycling may increase the potential for workers to be exposed to dusts, chemicals and, where organic materials are involved, bioaerosols (airborne micro-organisms or their products). Uncontrolled exposure to bioaerosols via inhalation can increase the potential for allergic lung disease, potentially putting waste and recycling workers at risk. Engineering control such as the use of local exhaust ventilation is feasible but can be difficult to apply, and personal protection often is not a practical alternative. This presentation will describe research showing potential exposure to bioaerosols in waste composting, materials recycling facilities and energy from waste, the possible health consequences of exposure, and will consider practical mitigations applicable to the industry.
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Çiftci, Cihan, Ayşe Erdoğan i Mustafa Serdar Genç. "Investigation of the Mechanical Behavior of a New Generation Wind Turbine Blade Technology". Energies 16, nr 4 (16.02.2023): 1961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041961.
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Wind turbine blades are one of the largest parts of wind power systems. It is a handicap that these large parts of numerous wind turbines will become scrap in the near future. To prevent this handicap, newly produced blades should be recyclable. In this study, a turbine blade, known as the new generation of turbine blade, was manufactured with reinforced carbon beams and recycled, low-density polyethylene materials. The manufacturing addressed in this study reveals two novelties: (1) it produces a heterogeneous turbine blade; and (2) it produces a recyclable blade. In addition, this study also covers mechanical tests using a digital image correlation (DIC) system and modeling investigations of the new generation blade. For the mechanical tests, displacement and strain data of both new generation and conventional commercial blades were measured by the DIC method. Instead of dealing with the modeling difficulty of the new generation blade’s heterogeneity we modeled the blade structural system as a whole using the moment–curvature method as part of the finite element method. Then, the behavior of both the new generation and commercial blades at varying wind speeds and different angles of attack were compared. Consequently, the data reveal that the new generation blades performed sufficiently well compared with commercial blades regarding their stiffness.
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Wu, Haizhou, Bita Forghani, Mursalin Sajib i Ingrid Undeland. "A Recyclable Dipping Strategy to Stabilize Herring (Clupea harengus) Co-products During Ice Storage". Food and Bioprocess Technology 14, nr 12 (9.10.2021): 2207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11947-021-02717-9.
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AbstractApplying value-adding techniques to fish filleting co-products is rendered difficult due to their high susceptibility to lipid oxidation, microbial spoilage, and amine formation. In this study, a recyclable dipping strategy was developed and investigated for its ability to stabilize herring (Clupea harengus) co-products (head, backbone, caudal fin, intestines, belly flap, skin, and in some cases roe) against oxidation and microbial spoilage. From initial screening of seven antioxidative components/formulas in minced herring co-products during ice storage, an oil-soluble rosemary extract (RE-B) and isoascorbic acid (IAA) were identified as most promising candidates. These compounds were then formulated to a recyclable solution to be used for dipping of the herring co-products. The commercial Duralox MANC antioxidant mixture was used as a positive control. Dipping in 0.2% RE-B solution ± 0.5% IAA or in 2% Duralox MANC solutions remarkably increased the oxidation lag phase from < 1 day to > 12 days during subsequent storage on ice (0–1 °C) of minced or intact co-products, respectively, even when the antioxidant solutions were re-used up to 10 times. The dipping also reduced microbiological growth and total volatile basic nitrogen, but the effect became weaker with an increased number of re-using cycles. The presented dipping strategies could hereby facilitate more diversified end use of herring co-products from current fish meal to high-quality minces, protein isolates, or oils for the food industry.
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Song, Dong-Heon, Van Ba Hoa, Hyoun Wook Kim, Sun Moon Khang, Soo-Hyun Cho, Jun-Sang Ham i Kuk-Hwan Seol. "Edible Films on Meat and Meat Products". Coatings 11, nr 11 (1.11.2021): 1344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11111344.
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In 2018, the worldwide consumption of meat was 346.14 million tonnes, and this is expected to increase in the future. As meat consumption increases, the use of packaging materials is expected to increase along with it. Petrochemical packaging materials which are widely used in the meat processing industry, take a long time to regenerate and biodegrade, thus they adversely affect the environment. Therefore, the necessity for the development of eco-friendly packaging materials for meat processing, which are easily degradable and recyclable, came to the fore. The objective of this review is to describe the application of natural compound-derived edible films with their antioxidant and antibacterial activities in meat and meat products. For several decades, polysaccharides (cellulose, starch, pectin, gum, alginate, carrageenan and chitosan), proteins (milk, collagen and isolated soy protein) and lipids (essential oil, waxes, emulsifiers, plasticizers and resins) were studied as basic materials for edible films to reduce plastic packaging. There are still high consumer demands for eco-friendly alternatives to petrochemical-based plastic packaging, and edible films can be used in a variety of ways in meat processing. More efforts to enhance the physiological and functional properties of edible films are needed for commercial application to meat and meat products.
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Chen, Junlei, Jihui Wang i Aiqing Ni. "Recycling and reuse of composite materials for wind turbine blades: An overview". Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 38, nr 12 (1.03.2019): 567–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684419833470.
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Based on the increasing number of end of life wind turbine blades and the emphasis on resource conservation and environmental protection, more and more attention has been paid to the recycling and reuse of thermoset composite materials for wind turbine blades. This paper gives an overview of the main recycling technologies and reuse of recycled products. Current recycling technology still needs more work to move from laboratory stage to commercial production. Cheaper, less polluting, and more efficient recycling technologies are needed, along with remanufacturing technologies for high performance products can be obtained to expand the market for recycled materials. In addition, new environmentally friendly blade materials should be designed from the source, using natural fiber, modified thermosetting resin and recyclable thermoplastic resin, which make wind energy a truly clean energy.
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Kim, Jihoon, Sungho Tae i Rakhyun Kim. "Theoretical Study on the Production of Environment-Friendly Recycled Cement Using Inorganic Construction Wastes as Secondary Materials in South Korea". Sustainability 10, nr 12 (27.11.2018): 4449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124449.
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The cement industry endeavors to reduce CO2 emissions from cement manufacturing by utilizing industrial by-products as alternative fuels and developing secondary concrete products from construction wastes. With these efforts, the cement industry is attempting to become more eco-friendly and reduce environmental load. This study analyzed the possibility of using inorganic construction wastes to produce environmentally friendly recycled cement using the process of proportioning. To this end, the types and production trends of recyclable construction wastes and previous studies on the development of recycled cement using such construction wastes were analyzed. Based on this analysis, recyclable inorganic construction wastes were selected, and real waste was collected. The chemical composition of each inorganic construction waste was analyzed using X-ray fluorescence, and the composition of ordinary commercial cement was used as the baseline. After the collected inorganic construction wastes were mixed, they were fired using the Bogue formula. The mineral components of clinker, which was generated from the firing process, were predicted and analyzed. Waste gypsum board and ceiling materials were shown to contain large amounts of CaO, which could substitute limestone—a key component of cement. These results suggested that if the limestone content was greater than 85 wt %, mixing inorganic construction wastes in appropriate proportions could be used to develop various types of Portland cement.
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Stratiev, Dicho Stoyanov, Ivelina Kostova Shishkova, Rosen Kocev Dinkov, Ivan Petrov Petrov, Iliyan Venkov Kolev, Dobromir Yordanov, Sotir Sotirov i in. "Crude Slate, FCC Slurry Oil, Recycle, and Operating Conditions Effects on H-Oil® Product Quality". Processes 9, nr 6 (27.05.2021): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9060952.
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This paper evaluates the influence of crude oil (vacuum residue) properties, the processing of fluid catalytic cracking slurry oil, and recycle of hydrocracked vacuum residue diluted with fluid catalytic cracking heavy cycle oil, and the operating conditions of the H-Oil vacuum residue hydrocracking on the quality of the H-Oil liquid products. 36 cases of operation of a commercial H-Oil® ebullated bed hydrocracker were studied at different feed composition, and different operating conditions. Intercriteria analysis was employed to define the statistically meaningful relations between 135 parameters including operating conditions, feed and products characteristics. Correlations and regression equations which related the H-Oil® mixed feed quality and the operating conditions (reaction temperature, and reaction time (throughput)) to the liquid H-Oil® products quality were developed. The developed equations can be used to find the optimal performance of the whole refinery considering that the H-Oil liquid products are part of the feed for the units: fluid catalytic cracking, hydrotreating, road pavement bitumen, and blending.
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Sikdar, Soumya, Arpith Siddaiah i Pradeep L. Menezes. "Conversion of Waste Plastic to Oils for Tribological Applications". Lubricants 8, nr 8 (22.07.2020): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants8080078.
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Plastics are widely used owing to their light weight, easy production, and low cost. Even though plastics find application in different fields of industries and households, they do not degrade easily. If plastics are not disposed of appropriately, it has been shown that they cause widespread environmental pollution, which poses risks to human health. Recycling waste plastics has been an alternative to mitigating plastic pollution, which usually requires high labour costs and produces contaminated water during processing. If plastic recycling will contribute to the development of tribological products like lubricating oils, it is a safer alternative to disposing of plastics in the environment. In order to understand the tribological use of plastics by recycling, the present study reviews different techniques that can be employed to transform waste plastics into petroleum-based oils. The viscosity, density, and friction of pyrolyzed waste plastic oils are investigated and compared with commercial lubricants to assess their potential lubrication applications. The segregation processes, catalytic isomerization dewaxing, and Fischer–Tropsch method to recycle waste plastics are also reviewed to provide an insight into the methods to transform pyrolyzed waste plastic into lubricants.
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Corsaro, Carmelo, Giulia Neri, Antonio Santoro i Enza Fazio. "Acrylate and Methacrylate Polymers’ Applications: Second Life with Inexpensive and Sustainable Recycling Approaches". Materials 15, nr 1 (31.12.2021): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010282.
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Polymers are widely employed in several fields thanks to their wide versatility and the easy derivatization routes. However, a wide range of commercial polymers suffer from limited use on a large scale due to their inert nature. Nowadays, acrylate and methacrylate polymers, which are respectively derivatives of acrylic or methacrylic acid, are among the most proposed materials for their useful characteristics like good biocompatibility, capping ability toward metal clusters, low price, potentially recyclability and reusability. Here, we discuss the advantages and challenges of this class of smart polymers focusing our attention on their current technological applications in medical, electronic, food packaging and environmental remediation fields. Furthermore, we deal with the main issue of their recyclability, considering that the current commercial bioplastics are not yet able to meet the global needs as much as to totally replace fossil-fuel-based products. Finally, the most accredited strategies to reach recyclable composites based on acrylic polymers are described.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Produits commerciaux – Recyclage"
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Touzanne, Frédéric. "Contribution à une méthode de conception des systèmes de désassemblage des produits en fin de vie". Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA2027.
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Face à la croissance du nombre de produits manufacturés mis sur le marché depuis plusieurs décennies, un problème se pose: que faire de ces produits lorsqu'ils arrivent en fin de vie ? La mise en décharge n'étant plus une solution acceptable pour l'environnement, la valorisation devient une nécessité. Le désassemblage est identifié comme une étape du processus de valorisation. Les travaux présentés visent à élaborer une méthode de conception de systèmes de désassemblage dédiés aux produits en fin de vie. Les caractéristiques et les spécificités des systèmes de désassemblage rendent le problème de conception complexe. Des résultats satisfaisants ne peuvent être obtenus que si une méthode globale est utilisée. Un état de l'art sur la conception des systèmes de désassemblage montre qu'il existe peu de méthodes globales et que ces dernières ne paraissent pas satisfaisantes. La majorité des travaux identifiés concernent la génération des gammes. Mais, peu de travaux prennent en compte les données de valorisation et aucun ne permet d'obtenir des gammes non monotones. La méthode de conception proposée comprend trois grandes étapes: l'analyse des produits, l'élaboration des gammes et la définition du système. Une attention particulière a été portée sur la modélisation des produits et l'élaboration des gammes. La prise en compte des états en fin de vie doit permettre d'obtenir des systèmes flexibles et requiert la décomposition en classes de produits. La prise en compte des données de valorisation doit permettre de réduire l'espace de recherche et nécessite la détermination de scénarios de valorisation associés au modèle du produit. La méthode de génération des gammes proposée s'appuie sur un modèle géométrique du produit et sur des règles de production et d'évaluation de toutes les opérations relatives au désassemblage du produit. La prise en compte des gammes non monotones a conduit à la modélisation des états des liaisons (rigides et non rigides).
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Vanson, Gautier. "Contribution à l’économie circulaire : Approche d’aide à la décision pour la régénération d’un produit en fonction de son état de santé et du contexte". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0144.
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L'économie circulaire est l'une des économies qui permet de faire face aux différentes problématiques environnementales, économiques et sociétales. Considérer une vision globale est donc essentiel pour considérer l'ensemble des parties prenantes et leurs interactions, pour que l'industrialisation d'une telle économie soit possible. Nous proposons donc d'élargir le concept de régénération pour considérer l'ensemble des stratégies circulaire (appelé régénérateur) qui permettent de retrouver de la valeur pour un produit en fin de vie. Cependant, la littérature n'analyse pas toutes les trajectoires de régénération possibles dans leur ensemble et ne caractérise donc pas les régénérateurs de manière générique. Ainsi, nos travaux proposent une formalisation basée sur l'état de santé produit pour caractériser tous les régénérateurs d'un écosystème, ce qui permettra de déterminer quels sont les régénérateurs capables de régénérer un produit en fin de vie. Pour considérer le contexte dans le choix d'un régénérateur, plusieurs indicateurs sont identifiés. Certains doivent être estimés parce qu'ils sont dépendants de l'état de santé produit et de la réalisation de la régénération qui peut être incertaine. Ainsi, grâce à la modélisation de l'état de santé produit / des régénérateurs et de la simulation de Monte-Carlo, ces indicateurs sont estimés et l'ensemble est finalement utilisé dans un outil d'aide à la décision multicritère (AHP) pour classer les régénérateurs possibles et aider les décideurs à choisir la meilleure trajectoire de régénération pour le produit en fin de vie. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les différentes propositions contribuent à l'implémentation de l'économie circulaire et à l'augmentation de la connaissance pour son industrialisationThe circular economy is one of the ways of dealing with various environmental, economic and societal issues. A global vision is therefore essential to consider all stakeholders and their interactions, so that the industrialization of such an economy is possible. We therefore propose to extend the concept of regeneration to consider all circular strategies (called regenerators) that enable value to be recovered for a product at the end of its life cycle. However, the literature does not analyze all possible regeneration trajectories in their entirety, and therefore does not characterize regenerators in a generic way. Thus, our work proposes a formalization based on product health state to characterize all regenerators in an ecosystem, which will enable us to determine which regenerators are able to regenerate a product at end-of-life. To consider the context when choosing a regenerator, several indicators are identified. Some of these need to be estimated, as they are dependent on the product's health state, and on the realization of regeneration, which may be uncertain. Thus, thanks to product's health state/regenerator modeling and Monte-Carlo simulation, these indicators are estimated and the whole set is finally used in a multi-criteria decision support tool (AHP) to rank possible regenerators and help decision-makers to choose the best regeneration trajectory for the end-of-life product. The results obtained show that the various proposals contribute to the implementation of the circular economy and to increasing knowledge for its industrialization
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Bensbaa, Abderrezak. ""Plan de gestion global d'un projet de conception et d'édification d'une entreprise industrielle, œuvrant dans le cadre de la logistique inverse" : étude de cas : recyclage et pré-valorisation des pneus en fin de vie". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21196.
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Nul ne peut ignorer que le pneu usagé, ce déchet encombrant, constitue une menace et à l'environnement par le risque potentiel d'incendie et de lixiviation, et à la santé des habitants qui vivent à proximité des dépotoirs par le risque potentiel de maladies dues aux fumées toxiques, qui résulteraient des incendies éventuels, ou dues aux piqûres de moustiques qui peuplent les interstices des amas constitués. Une gestion proactive du pneu en fin de vie s'impose indéniablement si l'on veut éviter aux générations futures d'être confrontées eux également a la complexité du problème des gisements historiques. Nous proposons dans ce recueil un modèle de plan de gestion global d'un projet d'édification d'une entité industrielle, s'assignant comme vocation spécifique le recyclage et la pré-valorisation des pneus en fin de vie. Ainsi donc une entité industrielle apte à se déployer dans le mouvement de la logistique inverse et à s'inscrire dans l'effort du développement durable. Ce modèle quoiqu'essentiellement théorique devrait permettre, d'une part, aux investisseurs économiques, citoyens des pays en développement plus particulièrement, désireux de se lancer dans la filière en question, d'avoir en mains un savoir-faire essentiel et des outils indispensables dont ils devraient naturellement disposer. Et, d'autre part, aux chercheurs scientifiques s'intéressant à l'étude d'autres produits en fin de vie, de s'inspirer de la logique de l'étude et de l'approfondissement de l'analyse qui ont conduit à l'aboutissement de ce modèle.
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Thellier, Lionel. "Environmental impacts of the electricity produced by a solid oxide fuel cell and nuclear reactors". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10107.
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L'humanité fait face à de nombreux défis dans le domaine de l'énergie: explosion de la demande, émissions de gaz à effet de serre, raréfaction de certaines ressources fossiles, pollution, etc. La réponse à ces défis passe en particulier par le développement de systèmes de conversion d'énergie à haute efficacité et à faibles impacts environnementaux. Elle requiert, de plus, la mise au point d'approches permettant d'évaluer ces impacts et de communiquer les résultats à un très large public. Le travail de thèse présenté est une contribution aux efforts menés pour satisfaire ces deux exigences. Il est composé de deux parties qui ont consisté respectivement: - à évaluer à l'aide d'une approche mâture les impacts environnementaux de l'électricité produite par un système de conversion d'énergie en cours de mise au point. Il s'agissait d'effectuer l'Analyse de Cycle de Vie (LCA) de l'électricité issue d'un "stack" de pile à combustible de type Solid Oxyde Fuel Cell (SOFC). L'étude visait à définir les conditions optimales de fabrication, d'utilisation et de recyclage de ce stack d'un point de vue environnemental, afin d'aider les concepteurs et utilisateurs dans leurs choix technologiques. - à mettre au point une approche permettant d'évaluer les impacts environnementaux de l'électricité produite par un système de conversion d'énergie mâture. Il s'agissait d'adapter les concepts d'Empreinte Ecologique et de Biocapacité afin qu'ils intègrent correctement la production d'électricité à partir de réacteurs nucléaires. L'étude visait à disposer d'un indicateur simple permettant d'évaluer les impacts environnementaux de ce type d'électricitéHumankind faces many challenges in the energy field: explosion in demand, greenhouse gas emissions, rarefaction of certain fossi! resources, pollution etc. The answer to these challenges lies in particular in the development of energy conversion systems with a high efficiency and low environmental impacts. Furthermore, it requires the development of approaches which enable to evaluate these impacts and communicate the results to a very wide audience. The work undertaken in this Phd thesis is a contribution to the efforts underway to me et this dual demand. It is made up of two parts which have consisted respectively: - in evaluating with a mature approach the environmental impacts of the electricity produced by an energy conversion system currently under development. The objective was to carry out a Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of the electricity provided by a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) "stack". The study was aimed to define the optimal manufacturing, use and end-of-life conditions for this stack from an environmental point of view, in order to help the designers and users in their technological choices. - in developing an approach which allows the assessment of the environmental impacts of the electricity produced by a mature energy conversion system. The objective was to adapt the concepts of Ecological Footprint and Biocapacity in order that they properly integrate nuclear electricity production. The study was aimed to propose a simple indicator for evaluating the environmental impacts ofthis type of electricity
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Thellier, Lionel. "Environmental impacts of the electricity produced by a solid oxide fuel cell and nuclear reactors". Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10107.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
L'humanité fait face à de nombreux défis dans le domaine de l'énergie: explosion de la demande, émissions de gaz à effet de serre, raréfaction de certaines ressources fossiles, pollution, etc. La réponse à ces défis passe en particulier par le développement de systèmes de conversion d'énergie à haute efficacité et à faibles impacts environnementaux. Elle requiert, de plus, la mise au point d'approches permettant d'évaluer ces impacts et de communiquer les résultats à un très large public. Le travail de thèse présenté est une contribution aux efforts menés pour satisfaire ces deux exigences. Il est composé de deux parties qui ont consisté respectivement: - à évaluer à l'aide d'une approche mâture les impacts environnementaux de l'électricité produite par un système de conversion d'énergie en cours de mise au point. Il s'agissait d'effectuer l'Analyse de Cycle de Vie (LCA) de l'électricité issue d'un "stack" de pile à combustible de type Solid Oxyde Fuel Cell (SOFC). L'étude visait à définir les conditions optimales de fabrication, d'utilisation et de recyclage de ce stack d'un point de vue environnemental, afin d'aider les concepteurs et utilisateurs dans leurs choix technologiques. - à mettre au point une approche permettant d'évaluer les impacts environnementaux de l'électricité produite par un système de conversion d'énergie mâture. Il s'agissait d'adapter les concepts d'Empreinte Ecologique et de Biocapacité afin qu'ils intègrent correctement la production d'électricité à partir de réacteurs nucléaires. L'étude visait à disposer d'un indicateur simple permettant d'évaluer les impacts environnementaux de ce type d'électricitéHumankind faces many challenges in the energy field: explosion in demand, greenhouse gas emissions, rarefaction of certain fossi! resources, pollution etc. The answer to these challenges lies in particular in the development of energy conversion systems with a high efficiency and low environmental impacts. Furthermore, it requires the development of approaches which enable to evaluate these impacts and communicate the results to a very wide audience. The work undertaken in this Phd thesis is a contribution to the efforts underway to me et this dual demand. It is made up of two parts which have consisted respectively: - in evaluating with a mature approach the environmental impacts of the electricity produced by an energy conversion system currently under development. The objective was to carry out a Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of the electricity provided by a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) "stack". The study was aimed to define the optimal manufacturing, use and end-of-life conditions for this stack from an environmental point of view, in order to help the designers and users in their technological choices. - in developing an approach which allows the assessment of the environmental impacts of the electricity produced by a mature energy conversion system. The objective was to adapt the concepts of Ecological Footprint and Biocapacity in order that they properly integrate nuclear electricity production. The study was aimed to propose a simple indicator for evaluating the environmental impacts ofthis type of electricity
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Manakitsirisuthi, Thitiya. "A knowledge management system for product End-Of-Life : Application to electronic product recycling". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO22006/document.
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Aujourd’hui, la compétition croissante, l'expansion des marchés et les progrès de la technologie engendrent un raccourcissement du cycle de vie des processus de développement des produits afin d’en améliorer les performances en termes de délai, coût et qualité. Ce raccourcissement du cycle de vie a engendré un accroissement des volumes de déchet généré et des conséquences que cela peut avoir sur l’environnement. Au niveau de l’Union européenne, des directives ont été introduites, tels que la gestion des déchets d'équipements électriques et électroniques (WEEE), la restriction de l'utilisation de certaines substances dangereuses dans les équipements électriques et électroniques (RoHS) et les directives pour le traitement des batteries usagées (Battery); ces directives permettent de limiter l'utilisation et le recyclage des substances dangereuses nocives pour la santé et pour l'environnement.Ces nouvelles réglementations et normes, permettant de gérer de manière efficace les retours et la fin de vie des produits (recovery process), ont été mises en place afin d'obliger les entreprises à assumer leurs responsabilités en termes de gestion des produits en fin de vie. Certaines entreprises ont montré que les produits recyclés ou réutilisés peuvent être une source supplémentaire de revenu (recyclage des matériaux, ou réutilisation des composants après démontage) dans le processus de fabrication.Ces connaissances liées à la performance environnementale (au niveau des processus de conception, de production, de transport, d’entreposage, de récupération…) devraient êtres saisies, évaluées et capitalisées dans des bases de connaissances afin d’être prisent en compte durant les différents phases du cycle de vie des produits.Nos travaux de recherche proposent donc de développer une architecture de gestion des connaissances (Knowledge Management Architecture) basée sur un Système Multi-Agents. L’objectif est de proposer un système qui met l'accent sur les concepts de « durabilité des produits et des cycles de vie », en établissant des liens entre des Agents Logiciels détenteurs de connaissances liées à la réglementation environnementale et les Systèmes d’Information de type PLM. Ces interconnexions permettront aux décideurs de prendre en compte les impacts environnementaux dans leurs décisions et ceci à chaque phase du cycle de vie des produitsThe increasing of competition, expanding markets and advanced technology create shorten lifecycle and the development process to improve product performance in terms of time, cost and quality. These shorten products lifecycle have led to increase volumes of waste generation and consequence impact to environment. EU directives have been introduced, such as Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances in electrical and electronic equipment (RoHS) and guidelines for the treatment of waste batteries (Battery), these directives are used to handle the hazardous substances which are harmful to human health and the environment.These regulations and standards have been put in place to force companies take their responsibilities on managing their products when reach to the end of life. Some companies have found that the returned product can be recycled or reused as an additional source of income (material recycling, or reuse of components after disassembly) in the manufacturing process.Knowledge related to the environmental performance (in terms of process design, production, transportation, storage, etc.) should be captured, evaluated and stored in knowledge base in order to share between users in different phases of the product lifecycle.Therefore, this research proposes a Knowledge Management Architecture based on a Multi-Agent System approach. The objective of this work is to propose a system that focuses on the concept of "sustainability” of products lifecycle by establishing the link between agents, who hold knowledge related to the environmental performances, and PLM system. The connection encourages companies considering the environmental impacts in their decision making at every stage of product lifecycle
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He, Junkai. "Effective models and methods for stochastic disassembly line problems". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASE009.
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L'étude du désassemblage des produits en fin de vie (EOL) sous incertitude est un sujet de recherche important en raison de ses avantages en termes de réduction de déchets, d'économie de ressources non-renouvelables et de protection de l'environnement. Les travaux existants sur les lignes de désassemblage supposent que l'information incertaine peut être estimée par des lois de probabilité ou par des fonctions et se focalisent seulement sur des problèmes stochastiques d'équilibrage de ces lignes. Cependant, il n'est pas toujours possible d'obtenir l'information incertaine complète dû à un manque de données historiques ou d'un volume excessif de données. De plus, le problème intégré des lignes de désassemblage a rarement été abordé. Dans cette thèse, quatre nouveaux problèmes stochastiques des lignes de désassemblage avec seulement à disposition l'information incertaine partielle sont investigués. L'objectif est de proposer des modèles et des méthodes efficaces pour ces problèmes. Les principaux travaux apportés par cette thèse sont les suivants :Premièrement, un nouveau problème stochastique d'équilibrage des lignes de désassemblage (SDLBP) est étudié dans le but de minimiser le coût des lignes avec les durées incertaines d'exécution des tâches, en ne tenant compte que de la moyenne, de l'écart-type et de la borne supérieure du taux de changement. Un modèle avec chance-contrainte est d'abord établi, qui est par la suite transformé approximativement en un modèle distribution-free basé sur l'analyse des propriétés. Ensuite, une heuristique est développée pour résoudre le modèle transformé. Des résultats expérimentaux montrent que le modèle distribution-free peut résoudre efficacement ce SDLBP avec de l'information incertaine partielle.Dans la plupart des travaux existants, le temps de cycle qui représente le temps d'achèvement maximal des postes de travail est prédéterminé. Cependant, le coût des lignes de désassemblage et le temps de cycle sont deux critères de performance contradictoires et s'impactent mutuellement. Un nouveau SDLBP bi-objectif est investi pour minimiser le coût des lignes et le temps de cycle, où seule l'information partielle des durées des tâches est requise. Un modèle bi-objectif distribution-free est construit et une méthode ε-contrainte améliorée est conçue. Des expériences montrent que la méthode ε-contrainte proposée peut réduire de plus de 90% le nombre d'itérations par rapport à la méthode ε-contrainte classique.Ces lignes pourraient générer des pollutions pendant le processus de désassemblage des produits EOL, néanmoins ce facteur n'a pas été considéré dans les précédents travaux. Nous nous intéressons à un nouveau SDLBP vert afin de minimiser le coût des lignes et la pollution, dans lequel des postes de travail avec des prix d'achat différents peuvent générer des quantités différentes de pollution. Un nouveau modèle bi-objectif est formulé et une méthode ε-contrainte spécifique au problème est proposée. Des résultats expérimentaux révèlent qu'un choix approprié des postes de travail peut effectivement réduire la pollution d'une ligne de désassemblage.L'optimisation intégrée d'équilibrage et de planification des lignes de désassemblage, qui n'a pas été étudiée auparavant, pourrait améliorer l'efficacité du système de désassemblage et réduire ses dépenses. Un problème stochastique intégré d'équilibrage et de planification des lignes de désassemblage (ISDLBPP) est adressé pour minimiser le coût global du système, où les ratios d'obtention des composantes et leur demande sont supposés être incertains. Une programmation stochastique à deux étapes est construite et des inégalités valides sont proposées pour réduire l'espace de recherche. Puis, des méthodes sample average approximation (SAA) et L-shaped sont proposées pour ce problème. Des expériences montrent que le temps de calcul moyen de la méthode L-shaped est seulement de 60% de celui de la méthode SAA, avec une qualité de solution comparableStudying the disassembly of End-of-Life (EOL) products under uncertainty is becoming a hot research topic due to its benefits in reducing waste, saving non-renewable resources, and protecting the environment. Existing disassembly line works assume that stochastic information can be estimated as probability distributions or functions and most of them focus on stochastic disassembly line balancing problems. However, it is not always possible to obtain complete stochastic information due to a lack of historical data or excessive data volume, and the integrated disassembly line problem has been rarely addressed. In this thesis, four novel stochastic disassembly line problems with only partial stochastic information are investigated. The purpose is to propose effective models and solution methods for the considered problems. The main works of this thesis are:Firstly, a new stochastic disassembly line balancing problem (SDLBP) is studied to minimize the disassembly line cost under stochastic task processing times, given only the mean, standard deviation, and change-rate upper bound. For the problem, a chance-constrained model is first formulated, which is further approximately transformed into a distribution-free model by property analysis. Then, a fast heuristic is devised to solve the transformed model. Experimental results demonstrate that the distribution-free model can effectively solve the SDLBP with only partial stochastic information.In most existing literature, the cycle time that represents the maximum completion time among workstations is given. However, the disassembly line cost and cycle time are two conflicting performance criteria and impact mutually. In this thesis, a new bi-objective distribution-free SDLBP is studied to minimize the disassembly line cost and cycle time, where partial information of task processing times is required. For the problem, a bi-objective distribution-free model is constructed, and an improved ε-constraint method is designed. Numerical experiments show that the proposed method can reduce more than 90% computation rounds, compared with the basic ε-constraint method.Disassembly lines may generate pollution during separating EOL products, but this factor has not been considered in the previous SDLBP works. In this thesis, we study a new green-oriented distribution-free SDLBP to minimize the disassembly line cost and pollution emission simultaneously, in which workstations with different purchase prices can have different amounts of pollution emissions. For the problem, a new bi-objective model is formulated and a problem-specific ε-constraint method is devised. Experimental results show that selecting appropriately workstations can effectively reduce the pollution emission of a disassembly line. Besides, some managerial insights are discussed.The integrated optimization of disassembly line balancing and planning may enhance the efficiency of the disassembly system and reduce its expenses, which has not been studied before. In this thesis, an integrated stochastic disassembly line balancing and planning problem (ISDLBPP) is addressed to minimize the overall system cost, where component demands and component yield ratios are assumed to be uncertain. For the problem, a two-stage stochastic programming model is established and valid inequalities are devised to reduce the search space. Then, the sample average approximation (SAA) method and the L-shaped method are applied to solve the model. Numerical experiments show that the L-shaped method can save more than 60% computation time than the SAA method, without sacrificing solution quality
Książki na temat "Produits commerciaux – Recyclage"
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Life cycle assessment in the built environment. London: Spon Press, 2011.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Produits commerciaux – Recyclage"
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Dandeniya, Warshi S., i Serena Caucci. "Composting in Sri Lanka: Policies, Practices, Challenges, and Emerging Concerns". W Organic Waste Composting through Nexus Thinking, 61–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36283-6_4.
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AbstractCompost is a widely accepted organic fertiliser throughout the world. It is being produced using a wide variety of source materials at household to commercial scale. With the increased population and changes in food consumption pattern tending towards a vegetable- and meat-rich diet, the amount of organic waste generated in urban and peri-urban settings has increased. Many governments promote composting as a process that helps them to reduce the volume of organic waste and recycle nutrients back to croplands. Some examples of organic waste accumulated in large scale include household waste from urban and peri-urban settings, sewage, animal farm waste, agricultural waste from large-scale markets, food debris, and kitchen waste from hotels. The composition of compost varies in a wide range depending on the nature of materials used to produce it. The safety concerns related to compost also vary along the same line. The quality of compost has become a subjective term that means different aspects to different bodies due to a lack of commonly agreed standards to regulate the composting process and the final product itself. Recent research findings indicate that compost can serve as a carrier of potentially toxic trace elements, organic pollutants, and determinants of antimicrobial resistance to the environment and along the food chain. Producing good-quality compost safe to human health and the environment at large has become a challenge that should be addressed at various levels: from production to policymaking. This chapter discusses some of the major challenges faced in Sri Lanka with compost making. To prepare the background for this discussion, information on the policies and current practices of nutrient management in Sri Lanka is also presented. The context may be applicable to many other developing countries in the tropics.
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Wei, James. "Safety, Health, and Environment". W Product Engineering. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195159172.003.0016.
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There was a time when the primary concerns of the product engineers were the needs of the buyers and consumers of their products, and they concentrated most of their efforts on design and manufacture of products with the goal of meeting their requirements and approval. A product will certainly fail if it does not have the steady and continued confidence of the consumers. The CPI, just like any other industry at that time, were accountable mostly to the consumers. This was a two-party transaction, where the buyer gave the seller money in return for a satisfactory product. This form of two-party transaction is no longer valid, as there are many bystanders whose welfare can be damaged in the transaction and their welfare must also be safeguarded. The manufacturing and marketing of chemical products is now a multiparty transaction, as the public and the governments have forcefully placed themselves into part of the bargain. The product engineers must become cradle-to-grave stewards of their products, and must solve many safety and environmental problems: from the extraction of raw material from farms and mines, to transportation on land and over water, to manufacturing in plants, to use in the customers hands, and finally to recycle back to nature. Before you begin to design the product, you need to focus your attention on the customer and their needs, but you also need to focus your attention on the potential hazards that the product poses to the safety and health of your workforces and the neighbors, and to the environment. You need some familiarity with the history of past mistakes, with the current government regulations, and with methods to deal with these potential problems. Over a long period of history, commercial transactions were primarily a two-party affair, between the seller and the buyer. In the last few decades, a third party has forcefully entered into the transaction, based on concerns about safety and the environment, and on public opinion and government regulations. This is shown in figure 10.1.
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Duhan, Lucky, Deepika Kumari i Ritu Pasrija. "Citrus Waste Valorization for Value Added Product Production". W Waste Valorization for Value-added Products, 161–86. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815123074123010010.
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With the growing population, resource production and utilization, including citrus fruit consumption, have amplified tremendously. Citrus foods include sweet orange, sweet blood orange, tangerine, grapefruit, lemon, lime, and Seville orange. Industrial processing of citrus fruits is done to produce various end products like juice concentrates, jams, jellies, sweets, candies, marmalades, and ice creams, which simultaneously produce tons of peels and waste as well. Like all industrial waste dumping, the negligent discard of citrus waste has legal repercussions. Therefore, the global treatment seems to be a virtuous option, which results in improved earnings, thereby ultimately reducing the reprocessing expenditure. Conversely, despite the low cost, citrus waste management and valorization still have not reached a virtue that makes it an ideal candidate. Valorization technically refers to the process of industrial recycling or waste composting into commercially valuable products. To fix the citrus wast essential to understand the various ways to recycle and manage the left-over better. This requires research and knowledge of different techniques involved in the commercial utilization of citrus waste for the production of various components, counting-essential oils, flavonoids, pectin, enzymes, ethanol and methane etc., along with the applications of these bioactive components in various ventures. This study summarizes the bioactive components obtained from citrus foods and their possible industrial utilization.
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Amit Kumar Dutta, Dr. "METAL CHALCOGENIDE NANO-PARTICLES BASED MULTIPLE PHOTO-CATALYSIS IN DAILY LIFE". W Futuristic Trends in Chemical Material Sciences & Nano Technology Volume 3 Book 23, 22–35. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3becs23p1ch2.
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Development of innovative nano-sized materials for multi-functional photo-catalysis application is gaining extraordinary importance worldwide. In this sense, several metal chalcogenides nano-particles (NPs), such as TiO2,ZnO,CuO, Fe3O4, FeS, ZnS, CdSNPs etc. and their composite have been synthesized and established as effective heterogenous recyclable catalyst for conducting several photo-chemical applications to the society. When the nano-particleshave capability to absorb solar light energy, the performance for photo-catalysis has been increased much more. In this chapter it has elaborated that how the light energy even solar energy can be used to drive interesting technologies to be utilised in daily life and everyday consumer products. It has been also been presented detailed information on a photo-catalysis based number of commercial products such as hydrogen-fuel generation devices as alternative energy source from water splitting, environmental pollution remediation and technology through degradation of pollutants, air purification devices, UV-protection and self-cleaning techniques on textile-clothing solar panel, self-cleaning glasses, tiles, paint materials etc.
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Posey, Darrell Addison. "Fragmenting Cosmic Connections: Converting Nature Into Commodity". W Globalization, Globalism, Environments, and Environmentalism. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199264520.003.0013.
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Most contributions to this volume frame emerging ‘consciousness of connections’ through international politics, economics and trade, urban/ rural exchanges, social movements, environmental transformations, and global citizenship and governance. These views reflect a remarkably linear world-view of dialectics such as: past/present, growth/sustainability, internal/external, and production/recycle. Langton (Chapter 9), however, introduces the idea of symbolic environmental space, or spacialization, which is expressed in the Aboriginal concept of totem. Totem defines other dimensions of knowing that emerge from cosmic environments through connections with animal spirits. These non-lineal manifestations might be described as spiritual clusters that, unlike the electron clouds that enshroud an atomic nucleus, are literally grounded through centres that define human landscapes marked by cultural mechanisms such as sacred sites and song lines. Indigenous peoples in other parts of the world share with Aboriginal Australians this view of cosmic connectedness between living things and the Earth (see Posey and Dutfield 1996). Thus, human beings share life with all other living organisms, and, indeed, may be transformed into other transgenic forms through death, ceremony, or shamanistic practice. In this chapter, I want to explore how such world-views function to create and maintain anthropogenic and cultural landscapes that conserve ecological and biological diversity. I also hope to show how global trade and political initiatives are working to sever and fragment these cosmic connections by reducing the vast bio-diversity of nature to mere products for biotechnology and commercial exploitation. I suggest that the commodification of nature—especially through Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs)—is one of the biggest threats to global security in the twenty-first century. This is because global consumerism is driven by market prices that ignore or obliterate the local cultural, spiritual and economic values of indigenous and local peoples, who still manage, maintain and conserve much of the biological diversity of the planet. Many of my examples will come from the Kayapó Indians, with whom I have lived and worked since 1977. The Kayapó inhabit a 4 million hectare (approximately 9 million acre) continuum of ecosystems from the grasslands of the Brazilian planalto to the tropical and gallery forests of the Amazon basin.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Produits commerciaux – Recyclage"
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Strasser, Wayne, i Kurt Svihla. "CFD Study of an Evaporative Trickle Bed Reactor". W ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-13303.
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A numerical study was carried out to investigate steady-state and transient phase distribution, evaporation, and thermal runaway in a large-scale high-pressure trickle bed reactor operating in the low interaction regime. The thermal inertia of the catalyst particles proved to be a significant contribution to the overall energy balance. A cooling recycle stream, containing reaction products and a fresh feed, was included via a closed loop calculation. It was found that, as expected, phase distribution in the catalyst bed had a substantial impact production rate; a faulty feed distribution system can cost approximately 20% in overall steady-state product conversion. Grid resolution effects were quantified and were found to have minimal impact on macroscopic measures. Also, most results were insensitive to the extent of the modeled domain and the commercial solver version. In the event that the cooling recycle stream is lost, the external reactor shell temperature can exceed its design intent. It was found that reducing the quantity of fresh reactant feed in this situation can dramatically reduce the potential for vessel damage.
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Bordynuik, John William. "Viable Production of Diesel From Non-Recyclable Waste Plastics". W 2013 21st Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec21-2716.
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The art of refining liquid hydrocarbons (crude oil) into diesel, gasoline, and fuel oils was commercially scaled decades ago. Unfortunately, refineries are technologically limited to accepting only a very narrow range of liquid hydrocarbons with very specific properties and minimal contaminates. Unrecyclable, hydrocarbon-based waste is a significant environmental problem increasing every year. According to the Environmental Protection Agency’s 2010 Facts and Figures report, over 92% of waste plastic is not recycled and with a growth rate of approximately 8% per year, there exists a critical need for a viable and environmentally sound, general purpose hydrocarbon-based recycling process. Hydrocarbon streams that fall outside of accepted refinery standards have traditionally been landfilled or melted into products of low value. The barriers and challenges are so great that previous attempts to refine waste plastics into fuel resulted in unviable batch-based machines producing low-value, unstable mixed fuels. However, over the course of three years JBI, Inc. (“JBI”) has broken through these barriers and has designed and built a viable commercial-scale continuous refinery capable of processing a wide-range of hydrocarbon-based waste into ASTM specification fuels. Research and testing of scale-up through 1-gallon, 3000 gallon, multi-kiln, and 40 ton/day processors took place in a plant in Niagara Falls, NY. Technical challenges encountered and lessons learned during process development will be explained in detail. In 2009, our technology was “molecularly audited” by IsleChem, LLC (“IsleChem”) of Grand Island, NY and in 2012, the full-scale plant was viably validated by SAIC Energy, Environment & Infrastructure, LLC (“SAIC”). Numerous sources of waste plastic and users of the resulting fuel products conducted extensive audits of the technology, process, and plant. For the purpose of this paper, processing of waste plastics will be discussed in detail; however, this technology can be applied to other waste hydrocarbon-based materials such as contaminated monomers, waste oils, lubricants and other composite waste streams.
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Sánchez, Carola, José Macías, Jonathan León, Geancarlos Zamora i Guillermo Soriano. "Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of Thermal Performance of a Thermosiphon Flat-Plate Solar Collector for Water Heating in Ecuadorian Coastal Region". W ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71944.
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Passive solar water heating (SWH) is a convenient method to meet domestic hot water requirements in rural areas, where electricity may not be available or fuel supply might be limited due to difficult access. In this work, a low-cost thermosiphon flat-plate solar collector alternative is presented. The design was purposely limited to materials and recyclable products widely available in the local market, such as Tetra Pak, plastic bottles, and polypropylene (PP) fittings and pipes. Since PP is a thermoplastic polymer, a poor heat conductor, it was necessary to ensure a suitable system isolation to obtain an optimum thermal performance, comparable to commercial solar collectors. The design was built and tested in Guayaquil, Ecuadorian coastal city. Six inexpensive temperature sensors were placed at the entrance and exit of the collector, on the flat-plate and inside the hot water storage tank. Data was recorded using an Arduino single-board computer and later analyzed with the data gathered via weather station. The implementation costs of the system are approximately US$300, the overall performance during January 2017 fluctuated between 54% and 23%, and the storage tank temperature range varied from to 46°C to 33°C. Due to its reliability and affordable cost, the SWH system is an attractive alternative to an Ecuadorian commercial solar flat plate collector, which price is set between US$600 and US$700, it has an efficiency around 60%, and the average annual storage tank temperature is 62°C.
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Meo, Dominic, i Heiner Zwahr. "Technology Selected for City of Los Angeles Waste-Conversion Facility Sets New Standards for Sustainable Waste Management Using WTE". W 20th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec20-7018.
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The technology selected by the Los Angeles Bureau of Sanitation for its new waste-conversion facility marks an unprecedented step forward in sustainable waste management. Developed by Green Conversion Systems (GCS) in Rye, New York, the proposed facility utilizes commercially-proven waste-treatment technologies which combine the proven benefits of a conventional materials-recycling facility (MRF) with technologies developed for the newest generation of waste-to-energy (WTE) facilities operating in Europe. As a result, the proposed plant will convert essentially all of the waste into electrical power and recyclable byproducts. In the plant design developed by GCS, “black-bin” (post-curbside recycling) waste collected by the City of Los Angeles is treated in a two-step process: • An advanced materials-recovery facility recovers almost 30 percent of the waste for recycling. • The remaining waste is processed in an advanced WTE facility which produces electrical power and a range of commercial byproducts. • More than 99 percent of the waste treated will be diverted from landfilling. When the plant becomes operational, it will provide waste disposal at reasonable costs and several hundred direct and indirect jobs for the surrounding community.
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Cho, Seong Kuk, Jekyoung Lee, Jeong Ik Lee i Jae Eun Cha. "S-CO2 Turbine Design for Decay Heat Removal System of Sodium Cooled Fast Reactor". W ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56532.
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A Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) has receiving attention as one of the promising next generation nuclear reactors because it can recycle the spent nuclear fuel produced from the current commercial nuclear reactors and accomplish higher thermal efficiency than the current commercial nuclear reactors. However, after shutdown of the nuclear reactor core, the accumulated fission products of the SFR also decay and release heat via radiation within the reactor. To remove this residual heat, a decay heat removal system (DHRS) with supercritical CO2 (S-CO2) as the working fluid is suggested with a turbocharger system which achieves passive operational capability. However, for designing this system an improved S-CO2 turbine design methodology should be suggested because the existing methodology for designing the S-CO2 Brayton cycle has focused only on the compressor design near the critical point. To develop a S-CO2 turbine design methodology, the non-dimensional number based design and the 1D mean line design method were modified and suggested. The design methodology was implemented into the developed code and the code results were compared with existing turbine experimental data. The data were collected under air and S-CO2 environment. The developed code in this research showed a reasonable agreement with the experimental data. Finally using the design code, the turbocharger design for the suggested DHRS and prediction of the off design performance were carried out. As further works, more effort will be put it to expand the S-CO2 turbine test data for validating the design code and methodology.
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Lane, C. D., i A. A. Donaldson. "Flow Profiles and Gas/Liquid Separation in First and Second Generation Designs for Ebullated Reactors". W ASME/JSME/KSME 2015 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2015-03227.
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Ebullated bed reactor technology is found in the oil and gas industry as part of the hydrocracking process, within which heavy oils are cracked under elevated temperatures and pressures to produce increased fractions of refinable petroleum products. A unique feature of these types of reactors is the presence of an internal gas/liquid separation and liquid recycle line, through which 60 to 90% of the net liquid flow through the column is recycled to maintain fluidized conditions within the internal catalyst bed. The separation efficiency within these systems has a significant impact on overall unit profitability, whereby high levels of gas recirculation results in lower liquid throughput and increased potential of over-cracking of product gases and production of light ends [1]. These units typically operate at gas holdups above 30%, with even small reductions in gas entrainment potentially leading to significant increases in profitability. Due to the severe conditions present within operating units (several MPa pressures, >300°C), pilot-scale experimental systems exploring fluid flow phenomena have typically employed nitrogen and kerosene as analogous fluids[2]. Even within these systems, the ability to visualize flow patterns and parametrically evaluate the effects of separator modifications on gas recirculation has been limited. In an effort to provide strategic focus for future process improvements, Dalhousie University has been collaborating with Ottawa University and Syncrude Canada Ltd. to develop 3D CFD-based simulations of older generation designs to explore fundamental flow characteristics and sensitivity of gas-liquid separation efficiency to changes in geometry and process conditions. This work explores the sensitivity of gas separation efficiency to operational parameters (bubble size, processing rate, gas holdup), geometric design (two generations of separator designs), and computational model choices (drag correlations and packing limiters). Of particular note is the sensitivity of the predicted performance to drag models, for which there is limited empirical validation under the high gas fraction conditions present in this industrial unit, and the sensitivity to packing limiters, which reflect foam formation (an issue observed within operating units). The trends predicted within this work show significant similarities to current operational trends observed in commercial ebullated bed reactors, and provide a basis for predicting the effects of operational changes on the overall performance of these units.
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Fukasawa, Tetsuo, Junichi Yamashita, Kuniyoshi Hoshino, Koji Fujimura i Akira Sasahira. "Uranium Recovery From LWR Spent Fuel for the Future FR Deployment". W 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48567.
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Nuclear energy systems are necessary to assure sufficient energy resources without harming the environment. Fast reactor (FR) systems are especially important taking into account the limited uranium resources and the nuclear sustainability. As the FR system is still under development, FR deployment start-time and rate are unclear. On the other hand, it is desirable to reduce light water reactor (LWR) spent fuel due to the difficulties of storage and disposal (retrievable) site determination. Reprocessing is one of the effective methods to reduce LWR spent fuel but the recovery and long-term storage of plutonium, even with uranium, is undesirable for the aspect of proliferation resistance. The authors propose the new system named Flexible Fuel Cycle Initiative (FFCI), which recovers only uranium (∼90%) from LWR spent fuel and stores the residual material (∼5% U, ∼1% Pu, ∼4% other nuclides) for the future FR deployment. Residual material named recycle material (RM) is suitable for FR fresh fuel preparation due to its high Pu concentration and similar Pu/U ratio to FR core fuel, and for proliferation resistance due to its high concentrations of fission products (FP) and minor actinides (MA). The volume of RM is about 1/10 of that of LWR spent fuel. However RM needs sufficient heat removal, radiation shielding and criticality safety. After the FR development is finished and several years before the commercial FR deployment start-time, Pu and U will be recovered from the RM that might be stored liquid or solid state. Many well known methods can be applied for U recovery such as solvent extraction, crystallization, precipitation, electro refining, and fluoride volatilization. As recovered U has slightly higher U-235 concentration than natural U, its re-enrichment and recycling in LWRs seems to be effective for ultimate utilization of nuclear resources. In this case fluoride volatility U recovery method is most preferable because the product is UF6 that is the supply material for enrichment. Quantitative evaluations have been carried out for several fuel cycle systems including FFCI with parameters such as spent fuel amounts, facility capacity and Pu balance, which revealed the feasibility and flexibility of FFCI for LWR spent fuel reduction, high facility capacity factors and sufficient (no excess) Pu supply to FR.
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Guevara, Cesar, Freddy Rodolfo Lalaleo Analuisa, Diego Mauricio Bonilla Jurado i Ivanna Karina Sánchez Montero. "Supra-Recycling: an Opportunity for The Generation of Environmental-Cultural Ventures". W 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002011.
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Entrepreneurships have established themselves in micro, small, medium and large companies or organizations that are and have always been the main source in terms of the generation and movement of capital, through which, since the beginning of humanity , people have generated resources and satisfied different needs, through their initiative, creativity and ability. Within the scope of study, the local discourse is considered as a local composition, which encompasses objects and places that are closely related to the cultural identity of a region. In this sense, one of the resources that the local discourse has is that it allows us to discover the intrinsic values of a country, region, community, neighborhood, among others, which combined with the innovation and creativity that the incorporation of the supra process demands -recycling, allows the transformation of certain solid waste and convert it into commercial products that have a certain relationship with the cultural identity of the region where the enterprise is generated. Within this combination, the field of innovation plays a preponderant role, since it must be a continuous process, supported by a methodology for the generation of knowledge, the use of opportunities, its development and protection. On this basis, the objective of this manuscript is focused on determining the influence that the local discourse has as an alternative for the undertaking of new businesses, taking advantage of the waste generated by the province of Tungurahua. Likewise, the study is of a qualitative descriptive type, in which interviews were applied to informants (expert, specialist, and key informant), collecting relevant information through the triangulation of sources that allowed to establish ideas that allowed to promote entrepreneurship in the province in based on the reuse of waste. Regarding the results, these indicate in the first instance, the feasibility of developing products where the culture of the region is rescued and represented in analysis with the use of recyclable materials, giving way to the so-called management plan of cultural products where will be able to organize the resources that contribute to the sustainability of the cultural identity of the peoples considering that the province itself within the inventory of cultural attractions registers a diversity of attractions that can be highlighted to translate a series of ideas into final products that highlight culture and tradition, in addition to the above, the opportunity to undertake business can be determined through strategic alliances, thus achieving the recognition of culture, and consumer acceptance and finally take advantage of sustainable development to undertake a series of programs that help the knowledge of recycling management and achieves r determine its classification and use considering the importance of sustainable development for the well-being of future generations and the planet in general.
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Petrov, Andrei Y., James R. Sand, Abdolreza Zaltash, John Fischer i Rick Mitchell. "Comparative Performance Analysis of IADR Operating in Natural Gas-Fired and Waste-Heat CHP Modes". W ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13201.
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Fuel utilization can be dramatically improved through effective recycle of "waste" heat produced as a by-product of on-site or near-site power generation technologies. Development of modular compact cooling, heating, and power (CHP) systems for end-use applications in commercial and institutional buildings is a key part of the Department of Energy's (DOE) energy policy. To effectively use the thermal energy from a wide variety of sources which is normally discarded to the ambient, many components such as heat exchangers, boilers, absorption chillers, and desiccant dehumidification systems must be further developed. Recently a compact, cost-effective, and energy-efficient integrated active-desiccant vapor-compression hybrid rooftop (IADR) unit has been introduced in the market. It combines the advantages of an advanced direct-expansion cooling system with the dehumidification capability of an active desiccant wheel. The aim of this study is to compare the efficiency of the IADR operation in baseline mode, when desiccant wheel regeneration is driven by a natural gas burner, and in CHP mode, when the waste heat recovered from microturbine exhaust gas is used for desiccant regeneration. Comparative analysis shows an excellent potential for more efficient use of the desiccant dehumidification as part of a CHP system and the importance of proper sizing of the CHP components. The most crucial factor in exploiting the efficiency of this application is the maximum use of thermal energy recovered for heating of regeneration air.
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M. Shah, M. Faris, M. Fittri M. Timyati, Tengku Muhamad Alif Luqman Tengku Mizam i Dzulkarnain Azaman. "Generation of Sodium Hypochlorite from Produced Water". W International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-23090-ea.
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Abstract The major process in crude oil terminal was the separation of light hydrocarbon and water from crude using heat. The daily crude output capacity of a crude oil terminal is in between 90 and 100 kbd. The produced water from the separation unit will flow into the produced water tank before being delivered to the skimmer pits for further treatment. Following treatment, the effluent will be released into the ocean in accordance with the standards set by the Department of the Environment (DOE). Approximately 1,085,681 kl of water with a high concentration of chlorine were discharged by the crude oil terminal per year. With a high chlorine concentration in place, the large amount of produced water can be used to generate chloralkaline feed. Even if it is now crucial from an environmental standpoint because generated water is regarded as the most significant waste stream, there still needs to be a plan in place for the crude oil terminal to reuse or recycle the wastewater. A baseline analysis was carried out with the present wastewater volume to confirm that water reuse and recycling may provide value, protect the environment, and help the main company to realize its sustainability agenda. Increasing the amount of produced water and wastewater in operations, lowering reliance on outside water supplies, and ensuring the commercial viability of resources are other goals of this study. In this study, electro-chlorination (ECU), a water filtering process, and a test for free and total chlorine were all used to carry out experiment work utilizing the HACH method. These tests were performed to see out how much chlorine was present in the sodium hypochlorite solution that the ECU generates. The outcome showed that the electro-chlorination process would produce a more alkaline solution the longer it operated. It results from the electrolysis process, which increases the concentration of OH- ions in the solution. Laboratory testing is done to confirm that the produced water from the crude oil terminal can be used to electrogenerate hydrogen and sodium hypochlorite. The wastewater was subjected to three (3) tests, the first of which involved water filtration to remove suspended particulates, the second of which involved electro-chlorination using an electro-chlorination unit (ECU), which produced NaOCl as a product and H2 as a by-product. Finally, a dilution experiment is conducted to lower the concentration of the NaOCl solution so that it is within the range prior to the Free and Total Chlorine test. Using a Hach DR900 machine, the solution is then tested to determine the amount of free and total chlorine present in the effluent.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Produits commerciaux – Recyclage"
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Chefetz, Benny, Baoshan Xing, Leor Eshed-Williams, Tamara Polubesova i Jason Unrine. DOM affected behavior of manufactured nanoparticles in soil-plant system. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604286.bard.
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The overall goal of this project was to elucidate the role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil retention, bioavailability and plant uptake of silver and cerium oxide NPs. The environmental risks of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) are attracting increasing attention from both industrial and scientific communities. These NPs have shown to be taken-up, translocated and bio- accumulated in plant edible parts. However, very little is known about the behavior of NPs in soil-plant system as affected by dissolved organic matter (DOM). Thus DOM effect on NPs behavior is critical to assessing the environmental fate and risks related to NP exposure. Carbon-based nanomaterials embedded with metal NPs demonstrate a great potential to serve as catalyst and disinfectors. Hence, synthesis of novel carbon-based nanocomposites and testing them in the environmentally relevant conditions (particularly in the DOM presence) is important for their implementation in water purification. Sorption of DOM on Ag-Ag₂S NPs, CeO₂ NPs and synthesized Ag-Fe₃O₄-carbon nanotubebifunctional composite has been studied. High DOM concentration (50mg/L) decreased the adsorptive and catalytic efficiencies of all synthesized NPs. Recyclable Ag-Fe₃O₄-carbon nanotube composite exhibited excellent catalytic and anti-bacterial action, providing complete reduction of common pollutants and inactivating gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria at environmentally relevant DOM concentrations (5-10 mg/L). Our composite material may be suitable for water purification ranging from natural to the industrial waste effluents. We also examined the role of maize (Zeamays L.)-derived root exudates (a form of DOM) and their components on the aggregation and dissolution of CuONPs in the rhizosphere. Root exudates (RE) significantly inhibited the aggregation of CuONPs regardless of ionic strength and electrolyte type. With RE, the critical coagulation concentration of CuONPs in NaCl shifted from 30 to 125 mM and the value in CaCl₂ shifted from 4 to 20 mM. This inhibition was correlated with molecular weight (MW) of RE fractions. Higher MW fraction (> 10 kDa) reduced the aggregation most. RE also significantly promoted the dissolution of CuONPs and lower MW fraction (< 3 kDa) RE mainly contributed to this process. Also, Cu accumulation in plant root tissues was significantly enhanced by RE. This study provides useful insights into the interactions between RE and CuONPs, which is of significance for the safe use of CuONPs-based antimicrobial products in agricultural production. Wheat root exudates (RE) had high reducing ability to convert Ag+ to nAg under light exposure. Photo-induced reduction of Ag+ to nAg in pristine RE was mainly attributed to the 0-3 kDa fraction. Quantification of the silver species change over time suggested that Cl⁻ played an important role in photoconversion of Ag+ to nAg through the formation and redox cycling of photoreactiveAgCl. Potential electron donors for the photoreduction of Ag+ were identified to be reducing sugars and organic acids of low MW. Meanwhile, the stabilization of the formed particles was controlled by both low (0-3 kDa) and high (>3 kDa) MW molecules. This work provides new information for the formation mechanism of metal nanoparticles mediated by RE, which may further our understanding of the biogeochemical cycling and toxicity of heavy metal ions in agricultural and environmental systems. Copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuSNPs) at 1:1 and 1:4 ratios of Cu and S were synthesized, and their respective antifungal efficacy was evaluated against the pathogenic activity of Gibberellafujikuroi(Bakanae disease) in rice (Oryza sativa). In a 2-d in vitro study, CuS decreased G. fujikuroiColony- Forming Units (CFU) compared to controls. In a greenhouse study, treating with CuSNPs at 50 mg/L at the seed stage significantly decreased disease incidence on rice while the commercial Cu-based pesticide Kocide 3000 had no impact on disease. Foliar-applied CuONPs and CuS (1:1) NPs decreased disease incidence by 30.0 and 32.5%, respectively, which outperformed CuS (1:4) NPs (15%) and Kocide 3000 (12.5%). CuS (1:4) NPs also modulated the shoot salicylic acid (SA) and Jasmonic acid (JA) production to enhance the plant defense mechanisms against G. fujikuroiinfection. These results are useful for improving the delivery efficiency of agrichemicals via nano-enabled strategies while minimizing their environmental impact, and advance our understanding of the defense mechanisms triggered by the NPs presence in plants.