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Pareuil, Priscilla. "Etude du comportement à la lixiviation d’un laitier manganifère issu de la valorisation des piles alcalines & salines". Limoges, 2009. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/74d0ce68-4a2e-4ad9-875b-d5d8161b938d/blobholder:0/2009LIMO4067.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaFerromanganese alloy production from alkaline batteries recycling by pyrometallurgical processes generates coproduct formation including Mn-rich slag. This one can be considered either as a waste (landfill) or as a secondary raw material (road construction, Mn ore …). In both cases, environmental safety has to be investigated because of the potential mobility of their metallic elements (ME) constituents. The aim of this study is to evaluate its behavior when it is submitted to different leaching conditions. The methodology used in this work is based on the hierarchical approach proposed by the European standard procedure EN 12920. Standard leaching tests which present a legal value allowed to place the Mn-rich slag from a regulatory point of view. Nevertheless, understanding leaching mechanisms requires further investigations. Thus, this study considered the influence of operational conditions (i. E. PH, Eh and liquid/solid ratio) on the ME mobility. The combination of these results to solid phases characterization and geochemical modeling (KINDIS(P) code) allowed to evidence that ME mobility was governed by dissolution/precipitation phenomenon, more or less favored by operational conditions. The simulation of environmental conditions in laboratory is difficult, the study of in-situ alteration of the Mn-rich slag was performed and highlighted the influence of the presence of the soil on the ME mobility through the presence of organic matter and colloidal fraction
Roque, António José Pereira Mendes. "Transfert advectif et diffusif de polluants inorganiques dans les barrières d'étanchéité minérales présentes dans les centres de stockage de déchets". Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAL0034.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work is intended to contribute to understand better the hydro-geochemical performance of fine-grained soils with geotechnical properties similar to those of soils that are currently used in the construction of compacted clay liners existing in the landfills. Therefore, the work is expected to contribute to improve the design and dimensioning of confinement systems based on the determination of the hydraulic conductivity, the effective diffusion coefficient and the capacity of retention of fine-grained soils. We begin by studying of the phenomenology of soil-water-electrolyte interactions, with a view to contribute to understand better the operation of the soil-leachate system. Subsequently, we describe the main physical, chemical and biological processes of retention of inorganic pollutants in the soils, and we present for some inorganic pollutants the mechanisms of retention that are responsible for their retardation in the soils. In addition, we indicate the main processes of pollutant transport through compacted clay liners, as well as the corresponding mathematical formulation. W e also refer to the fundamental principles of permeability and diffusion in the soils as well as the methods used in laboratory for measuring the hydraulic conductivity and the effective diffusion coefficient. W e present the characteristics of leachates produced in municipal solid landfills, as well as a data base concerning the chemical composition of these leachates. These data were used as supporting basis to the selection of inorganic chemical species and of chemical concentrations representative of the chemical composition of real leachates, with a view to prepare both acid and neutral to moderately alkaline leachates. We present the methodology that has led to collecting thirty samples from the main Portuguese clayey formations and we characterise the soils. The results obtained in the tests are analysed and we perform their statistical processing using linear regression and multivariate analysis methods, in order to select representative samples of the overall sampling. W e carry out permeability tests in laboratory with equipment and apparatuses that were specifically designed for: i) determining the hydraulic conductivity of specimens; ii) determining the time of advective transport of inorganic chemical species through the sampling soils; iii) studying the effects of both ac id and neutral to moderately alkaline leachates on the long-term integrity of soils. We carry out, other than the study on the advective transport of chemical species, a study on the diffusive transport of inorganic chemical species through the sampling soils. For the purpose, we designed equipment and apparatuses that were specifically intended to study the transport of pollutants by pure diffusion
Castillo, Rivera Luis Antonio (1970. "Etude d'effluents difficilement biodégradables : caractérisation et traitement par procédés d'oxydation avancée (POA)". Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11060.
Pełny tekst źródłaFrançois, Véronique. "Détermination d'indicateurs d'accélération et de stabilisation de déchets ménagers enfouis : Etude de l'impact de la recirculation de lixiviats sur colonnes de déchets". Limoges, 2004. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/e0f3291f-7f59-4a4d-9909-f59c80696b99/blobholder:0/2004LIMO0004.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaVilomet, Jean-Daniel. "Evaluation du risque lié à une décharge d'ordures ménagères : suivi de la qualité d'un aquifère au moyen des isotopes stables du plomb et du strontium, corrélation avec des polluants spécifiques des lixiviats". Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX30086.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe are evaluating strontium and stable lead isotopes, anionic tensides and TBT as an alternative tracers of landfill leachate in groundwater. The municipal landfill studied here is located in south-eastern France. Based on the evaluation of chloride concentration, the plume extends a maximum of 4600 m. Strontium and lead isotopic composition characterizes two sources : natural groundwater and landfill leachate contamination. Evolution of mixing ratios obtained with strontium reveals a second source of groundwater contamination : fertilizers (87Sr/86Sr = 0. 707859). These results suggest that isotopic signatures can be used to provide useful information on sources of groundwater contamination where conventional water quality parameters may yield ambiguous results
Coussy, Samuel. "Stabilisation de rejets miniers pollués à l'arsenic à l'aide de sous-produits cimentaires : étude de l'influence de la cristallochimie sur le risque de mobilisation des polluants". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00740233.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoussy, Samuel. "Stabilisation de rejets miniers pollués à l’arsenic à l’aide de sous-produits cimentaires : étude de l’influence de la cristallochimie sur le risque de mobilisation des polluants". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0077/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this study is to understand the geochemical behaviour of arsenic in cemented paste backfills. This technique consists in transporting the tailings in the mine openings. Two types of backfills are prepared in the laboratory for this study. First, synthetic cemented paste backfills artificially spiked with arsenic are synthesized, using silica in replacement of the tailings. In parallel, other cemented paste backfill specimens are prepared with arsenic-rich tailings. In the two cases, various types of hydraulic binders are tested. Several types of investigations are conducted on the cemented paste backfill specimens. A mineralogical characterization is carried out with the help of specific tools. At the same time, cemented paste backfill samples are submitted to several complementary leaching tests, to assess the mobility/immobilization potential of arsenic in these matrices. Finally, geochemical modeling is implemented, based on the results of the two previous studies, in order to refine the understanding of the nature and stability of the arsenic compounds. The results show that arsenic is better immobilized in Portland cement and slag-based matrices, rather than in fly ash-based matrices. The variable leaching behaviour from a given matrix to another is due to different arsenic trapping mechanisms. Arsenic can precipitate and form several arsenic minerals, mainly calcium arsenates, but also various other secondary compounds, which are different from a matrix to another. Physical entrapment of the tailings grains by the cementitious minerals can also occur, by formation of a coating around the grains, limiting the oxidation and dissolution of arsenic-bearing sulfides (passivation). These mechanisms are involved in the stabilization/solidification of arsenic by cemented paste backfills
Réthy, Zoltan. "Etude du comportement à la lixiviation d'un matériau à base de liant hydraulique contenant des polluants solubles". Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAL0024.
Pełny tekst źródłaOur work is a study of the leaching behaviour of a cement-based material that was artificiaily "polluted" with metallic pollutants: Pb and Cd. The study of the literature presents the different existing leaching tests together with the interpretation models of the leaching behaviour of soluble elements. The experimental part is dedicated to the choice and the fabrication of the material, to the characterisation of its mechanic and physico-chemical properties, as well as to the assessment of its leaching behaviour with use of four different leaching tests. These tests differ from each other by the nature of the material samples (monolithic or granular) and by the hydrodynamic regime of the leaching. The developed physico-chemical model takes into account the diffusion transport and the phenomenon of dissolution 1 precipitation in the pores system of the material as well as in the leachate. The circulation (hydrodynamic) of the exterior liquid is also model led. The physico-chemical parameters of the models that describe the mass transfer of the studied elements (Na, K, Ca, Pb) in the case of each test are similar (or identical): the apparent diffusion coefficients show values near 10-12 m2s-1 , the concentrations are in accordance with the total content, etc. The very good concordance between the experimental and simulation results validates our modelling approach
Bellenfant, Gaël. "Modélisation de la production de lixiviat en centre de stockage de déchets ménagers". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2001_BELLENFANT_G.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaForecasting the quantity of leachate is a major issue in short and long term management of solid waste landfilI celIs, for environment protection as weIl as for financial aspects. We tried to assess the water budget at the scale of a landfilI celI in order to estimate the water fluxes inside wantes and at atmospheric interface (rainfalI, runoff, evaporation or evapotranpiration when the celI is covered with earth and vegetation). A celI was equipped for the monitoring of different tenus of the water budget, in a quite comprehensive manner. Time domain reflectometry probes were used for soil and waste moi sture measurement. Temperatures were also monitored in order to assess their influence on flows. This experimental approach produced new results about thermal behaviour of solid waste and values oftemperature gradients. The monitoring enabled to quantify the infiltration through the cover. In spite of some sensors ill operating, we obtained a fairly good qualitative representation of the water content variations at the botttom of the cell. A method for estimation of evaporation from solid waste exposed to atmosphere was proposed. Modelling of water and heat fluxes within solid waste was developped. The coupled model was able to simulate properly the water content variations of the cover, and the leachate height variations at the bottom. The interpretation of model results shows the influence of temperature, and the existence of a thermic « banier » limiting the updown water fluxes
Sillet, Arnauld-Amaury. "Traitement de la DCO dure par photooxydation avancée, couplage UV/H2O2". Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAL0087.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe purpose of this work was to study the application of UV /H20 2 Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) to industrial wastewaters containing non-biodegradable organic matter. Advanced oxidation bas been applied prior to release of pretreated effluents into a municipal sewage system to treat toxic effluents and landfill leachates and as post-treatment before releasing into a natural ecosystem. It has also been used to remove residual color from previously bio-treated dyeing wastewater. Several key factors have been studied : pH, hydroxyl radical scavengers, initial hydrogen peroxide concentration, irradiation time, flow rate, UV irradiation source, quality of the protecting quartz and thickness of the irradiated layer. The advanced oxidation UV/HzOz process appears to be a promising technique. Furthermore, organic pollution is not transferred but instead oxidized to carbon dioxide
Barna, Radu. "Etude de la diffusion de polluants dans les déchets solidifiés par liants hydrauliques". Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0073.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of the study is to characterize the retention of pollutants from wastes solidified with hydraulic binders. The stabilized/solidified wastes are APC MSW (air pollution control residues from municipal solid waste incineration), lead secondary smelting slag and different salts. The binders used are ordinary Portland cement (OPC 55) or blast furnace slag cement (CLK 45) and additives, such as metakaolin. Leaching tests are used in the characterization procedure and modelling of the observed leaching behavior is conducted to improve the description of the physical and chemical phenomena involved in the transport of soluble species. The main results of the study allow to make a distinction between the species whose solubility is not sensitive to the chemical context of the pore solution, and the other species, such as amphoteric metals, whose solubility is sensitive to the context (for example the pH). In the first case, a diffusion or shrinking front model is appropriate. On the other band, a coupled solubilisation/diffusion model must be developed in order to describe the leaching behavior of heavy metals (lead, etc. ) stabilized/solidified with concrete
Cavalcante, Janaide. "Traitement des sables à la bentonite pour la constitution de la barrière de sécurité passive des centres de stockage de déchets". Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0027.
Pełny tekst źródła[This work is carry out on impervious barriers destined for landfill engineering composed by compacted sand-bentonite mixtures. French regulations require a barrier with a permeability less than lE-09rn/s. Standard tests often used in geotechnical engineering has allowed possible the establishment of a methodology to verify the behavoiur of this barrier during the presence of leachate. In the first part we have sought to define from swell tests and Atterberg limits tests the interactions bentonite-leachates. We realised the permeability testing to water and leachate for various samples constituted of compacted sand-bentonite mixtures. Emperical models allowed to estimate the permeability, tests results, experimental results and tests methods are proposed. ]
Vincent, Frédérique. "Contribution à l'étude du fonctionnement d'une décharge : modélisation du comportement hydrodynamique et biologique d'un dechet-type". Paris, ENMP, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ENMP0293.
Pełny tekst źródłaRenou, Sébastien. "Couplage de procédés pour le traitement des lixiviats". Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX30057.
Pełny tekst źródłaMunicipal waste landfills generates leachates must imperatively be treated before being discharged into the environment. The reverse osmosis membrane process is the most widely used method for treating these leachates. However, the efficiency of this process at the industrial scale is limited due to the fouling of the membranes and the high osmotic pressures involved. This study develops a treatment which reduces these limitations. Chemical precipitation of the leachate using lime, followed by a standard filtration on a rotary drum vacuum precoat filter are studied. The osmotic pressure is decreased by 10 to 25% through precipitation of the carbonates, and foulants are eliminated by co-precipitation. The sludge is stable, chemically inert and relatively dry (50% siccity) can be easily stored on site. Operating costs can be lowered by 50 % with decreasing the frequency of membrane cleanings and the concentrate volumes, which must be post-treated
Fantozzi-Merle, Catherine. "Etude de matériaux à base de liant hydraulique contenant des polluants organiques modèles : propriétés structurales et de transfert". Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0038/these.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaOur research aims to assess how the incorporation of organic pollutants will affect the physicochemical properties of a cement matrix, and to carry out a long term study of the resulting binders and their leaching behavior. The characterization of the materials includes a structural study using XRD, IR, SEM, porosimetry, a determination of their mechanical performances and a calorimetric investigation into the effects of pollutants on the hydration behavior of the material. The assessment methodology to investigate the long-term release of organic pollutants is based on leaching tests. Some of these have been adapted to take into account the specificity of organics. The objective is to point out relevant physicochemical properties and to propose a pertinent leaching tests to evaluate the Stabilization/Solidification process that is applied to wastes which contain organic pollutants
Fantozzi-Merle, Catherine Barna Radu Brauer Christine de. "Etude de matériaux à base de liant hydraulique contenant des polluants organiques modèles propriétés structurales et de transfert /". Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2005. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=fantozzi-merle.
Pełny tekst źródłaImyim, Apichat Tiruta-Barna Ligia. "Méthodologie d'évaluation environnementale des déchets stabilisés / solidifiés par liants hydrauliques". Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2002. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=imyim.
Pełny tekst źródłaThèse composée de 2 volumes. Le volume 2 contient des annexes. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. 165-172.
Le, Coupannec Florence. "Fractionnement et caractérisation des lixiviats de centres d'enfouissement de déchets ménagers par chromatographie liquide". Brest, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BRES2022.
Pełny tekst źródłaGrimal, Sandrine. "Rôle de la matière organique colloi͏̈dale dans la complexation des métaux en milieu aqueux". Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX30003.
Pełny tekst źródłaLa matière organique naturelle (MON) colloi͏̈dale est un agent complexant d'importance des milieux aqueux caractérisé par son extrême variabilité selon l'origine, les conditions physico-chimiques du milieu et la saisonnalité. La caractérisation élémentaire, structurale (dialyse, chromatographie, spectroscopie UV, RMN13C) et fonctionnelle (titrage, IRTF) de la MON a été réalisée pour un lixiviat de décharge et pour la Loire. La complexation de Cd, Co, Cs, Mn, Fe, Zn avec la MON a été étudiée dans des conditions proches de celles rencontrées en milieu naturel et quantifiée par le calcul de constantes de stabilité K et de coefficients de partition Kd grâce à la méthodologie employée : dialyse, perméation sur gel, radioéléments. Des sites de liaison carboxyliques et aromatiques des MON pour Cd et Cr ont pu être identifiés grâce aux techniques spectroscopiques RMN13C, IRTF et XAS. Ce travail a permis de lever certains verrous quant au rôle des propriétés de la MON dans la complexation des métaux
Blanchard, Claire Moszkowicz Pierre. "Caractérisation de la mobilisation potentielle des polluants inorganiques dans les sols pollués". Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2001. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=blanchard.
Pełny tekst źródłaWang, Gui Chun. "Epuration de lixiviats de décharges industrielles par voie électrochimique : dégradation des polluants organiques par oxydation anodique". Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0082.
Pełny tekst źródłaAn industrial landfill leachate, containing a high concentration of chloride, has been treated by electro-chlorination with two types of current (direct and alternating). In a first time. The properties of different anodic material ,as Well as the efficiency of different cell types (divided and undivided) have been studied. With an experience plan, we have next defined the influences of main factors (temperature. Current density and pollutant initial concentration. . . ) on process of organic pollutants electro-oxidation. The experimental conditions favourable to the electrochemical treatment of the leachate have been found and a mathematical model bas been proposed for this process
Amokrane, Ahcene. "Epuration des lixiviats de décharge : prétraitement par coagulation-floculation, traitement par osmose inverse, post-traitement par incinération". Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0056.
Pełny tekst źródłaMany waste landfills generate high-strength effluents or leachates that have to be treated be for discharge in the environment. After usual biological and/or physico-chemical treatments, stabilized leachates are generally not compatible with ecological requirements. Intending to promote really more efficient processes, reverse osmosis was studied to determine its performances and membrane fouling limits. First, it was necessary to characterise untreated Jeandelaincourt landfill leachates and Arnouville-Les-Mantes landfill leachates pretreated on site by membrane bioreactor. In order to reduce their very high fouling power, the pretreatment Jeandelaincourt leachates was extensively studied. Then, oxidation-coagulation-floculation experiments were carried in calculated small scale unit with H202/FeCl3/Ca(OH)2 no-ionic-polymer reactifs. For all pretreated leachates, it was shown that reverse osmosis is very efficient to remove organic and inorganic pollution and allows to satisfy the norms with the exception nitrates. In a last step incinerator small unit was conceived and constructed to study the treatment of reverse osmosis concentrates (post-treatment)
Gautier, Mathieu. "Interaction entre argile ammoniée et molécules organiques dans le contexte du stockage des déchets : cas de molécules à courtes chaînes". Orléans, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ORLE2015.
Pełny tekst źródłaSall, Papa Malick. "Étude du compost et du lixiviat obtenus par cocompostage des résidus agroalimentaires à la ferme". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25890.
Pełny tekst źródłaBendaoud, Latifa. "Micromycètes et lixiviats de décharges industrielles". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE18006.
Pełny tekst źródłaDelaeter, Camille. "Impact des lixiviats de bioplastiques et plastiques conventionnels sur les organismes benthiques intertidaux : une approche comportementale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR065.
Pełny tekst źródłaBehaviors play a pivotal role in organisms' survival, enabling organisms to cope with their ever-changing environment. Nowadays, adaptive behavioral responses to environmental changes face unprecedented challenges due to the rapid and detrimental effects of the Anthropocene era. Noticeably, plastic pollution stands out as one of the most pressing concerns in marine habitats. Beyond causing conspicuous physical damages, plastics may leach a cocktail of harmful chemicals impairing marine organisms at various levels. Despite its role in connecting individuals to ecosystem functioning and evolutionary processes, organism behavior remains scarcely studied in the plastic leachate literature. This PhD thesis aims at to address the gaps in existing literature concerning the organisms and polymers considered. After an extensive review of the plastic leachate literature, this work focuses on investigating the impact of plastic leachates from both bio and conventional polymers on the anxiety-related behaviors of the crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus, the motion behaviors of the foraminifera Haynesina germanica and the cirral activity of the barnacle Austrominius modestus. The results reveal significant modifications in behaviors, highlighting species, polymer and dose dependencies, posing a threat to the delicate ecosystem balance. Noticeably, the biopolymer leachate results in similar or even more behavioral alterations than leachates from conventional polymers, raising significant concerns about the environmental safety of plastic alternatives
Puginier, Barbara. "Facteurs géochimiques contrôlant l'atténuation des polluants métalliques dans les panaches de lixiviats issus des décharges". Toulouse, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAT0010.
Pełny tekst źródłaBlanchard, Claire. "Caractérisation de la mobilisation potentielle des polluants inorganiques dans les sols pollués". Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2000ISAL0021/these.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe specific objective of this study is to characterize metal mobility from contaminated soils through laboratory tests. The literature work consisted in a complete review of leaching/extraction tests in collaboration with French association for normalization. Lab work consisted in carrying out previously chosen leaching tests (sequential extractions, single extractions, column test and Compact Granular Leach Test) over an artificially contaminated soil (fresh and aged) and an industrial soil containing As, Cr, Pb , Zn. Results) comparison allowed to set up a method assessing metal potential mobilization from contaminated coifs
Imyim, Apichat. "Méthodologie d'évaluation environnementale des déchets stabilisés / solidifiés par liants hydrauliques". Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2000ISAL0091/these.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis research aims to assess the long-term release of inorganic pollutants leached from stabilised wastes by hydraulic binders in the environmental point of view. The research divides in three parts: (1) proposition of an assessment methodology of the long term behavior of pollutant species, (2) application and validation of the methodology to synthetic stabilised wastes, (3) application of the methodology to stabilized galvanic sludge and stabilized fly ash. The methodology includes leachning tests and a model of the long-term behavior prediction of pollutant contained in the wastes. The selected leaching tests permitting the identification of the necessary parameters for behavioral model have been done. The developed model is based on a diffusional model in the porous matrix coupled to chemical reactions of major species contained in the stabilized materials. The consistency between the experimental and simulated results proves that the model describes the physico – chemical mechanism of considered species release well. This approach leads to determine the long-term behavior of stabilized wastes in order to assess their impact on the environment
Lambolez, Lucie. "Etude des relations mobilité-biodisponibilité-toxicité des micropolluants présents dans les déchets industriels : application à la gestion des centres d'enfouissement technique de classe 1". Metz, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1994/Lambolez.Lucie.SMZ9429.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaResearch works carried out on the toxicity towards aquatic organisms of micropolluants found in industrial waste. The toxicity of the water-extractable fraction of 12 solid industrial wastes from various origins has been studied. In the same way, the study of the toxicity of landfill leachates and runoff waters around the site has been performed. Chemical analyses in accordance with the waste management regulations have been carried out simultaneously. The toxicity has been assessed with a battery of non redundant tests using several organisms representative of different trophic levels in aquatic ecosystems and allowing evaluation of acute toxicity (Photobacterium phosphoreum luminescence inhibition assay, Daphnia magna immobilization assay) and chronic toxicity (Raphidocelis subcapitata growth inhibition assay, Daphnia magna reproduction inhibition assay) including genotoxicity (salmonella typhimurium his mutagenicity test). The main conclusions of the study are as follow : leaching of some wastes may lead to a non negligeable removal of toxic substances. The solidification/stabilization processes can drastically reduce the toxic water extractable fraction: it is the case with the cement-stabilized refuse from the treatment of smokes from the incineration of domestic wastes, toxicity can be hardly predicted from the results of the chemical analyses ; it is all the more difficult since the concentrations of pollutants are low, toxic effects may be observed in the short and/or in the long term ; in all cases, chronic toxicity cannot be evaluated from results of acute toxicity tests. The whole results argue for the association of biogical criteria to the chemical criteria used in waste management, specially to check the efficiency of security barriers implemented on landfills
Maraval, Serge. "Stabilisation / solidification de déchets ultimes : Etude comparative de divers liants hydrauliques et de la vitrification - : Cas des cendres d'incineration d'ordures menageres". Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0104.
Pełny tekst źródłaVitrification and cement-based stabilisation/solidification appears to be the two emerging processes matching the requierements of the new regulations concerning ultimate wastes management. The critical study of various hydraulic binders showed that the hyperaluminous cement offers the lowest leachability of the pollutants, and also pointed out the interesting properties of the "CPA prise mer", specialy designed to set and resist in high salinity contexts. The utilisation of various cement additives led to little or no improvement of the process effectivness. Vitrification process, with or whithout fluxes, produces non porous wastes forms of very low leachability. The high temperature required led though to the loss of volatil compounds, among which various toxic metals. The addition of fluxes (especially boron oxide) lowers the melting point of the mix, hence partly preventing volatilisation. Addition of recycled glass provided no improvement in this respect, as it did not lowers the vitrification point
Roussy, Jean. "Etude expérimentale du comportement en décharge de suies de centrales thermiques". Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0038.
Pełny tekst źródła[All industrial production now requires the setting up of an economic and ecological management programme to deal with the waste that is inevitably generated. As far as elimination by discharge or stocking, while awaiting valorisation, concerned, laboratory experiments are required to evaluate the impacts of such practices on the natural environment. On this subject, we are specifically studying the phenomena of soluble elements being removed by water. We have studied fuel-oil power station flying ashes under different conditions: flying ashes, before and after calcination, on its own, or mixed with household rubbish. With the aid of a number of lysimeters and aqueous leaching solutions, we were able to monitor the behaviour of these types of flying ashes, in particular the amount of vanadium found ~n the waste. In the case of interactions between physicochemical and biological evolutions the use of synthetic household rubbish type of waste often dumped along with flying ashes into waste heaps, broadens the possibility of laboratory experiments. This ensures the availability of identical samples of a reduced scale without harming the accuracy of the simulation of the phenomena actually observed under real conditions. In conclusion, we have quantified the foreseeable impacts of this waste and above all, contributed to a better definition of laboratory practices to be implemented. ]
Barthet, Lucile. "Contribution à l'évaluation de l'impact sur les écosystèmes de la valorisation de résidus de procédés thermiques en BTP". Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0090/these.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaFor several years, Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) bottom ash and coal fly ash have been reused in civil engineering. Although their physicochemical characteristics are very studied, the toxicity of these materials is the issue of few works. This study aims at contributing to the evaluation of the impact on the ecosystems of the valorisation of these residues of thermal processes (RTP) in road engineering. We have compared the potential toxicity of MSWI bottom ash resulting from traditional collection and MSWI bottom ash resulting from selective collection. Since physicochemical parameters of MSWI bottom ash weathering is quite important, we will see the effect of artificial carbonation on the potential toxicity. We have chosen to work with whole-cell microorganisms from the compartment of the producers (algae: Chlorella vulgaris) and from the compartment of the decomposers (yeasts: Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The use of tests using global metabolism (algae growth) and more specific tests (enzymatic activities) have allowed to compare the potential toxicity of MSWI bottom ash resulting from traditional collection and MSWI bottom ash resulting from selective collection. These bioassays have shown that artificial carbonation may decrease the potential toxicity of these MSWI bottom ash. The behavior of coal fly ash used in various scenarios of pilots of road has also been revealed. The developemnt of an optical biosensor with immobilized whole cells will enable on line and in-situ monitoring of pollutants salting out MSWI bottom ash and coal fly-ash from pilots of roads
Barthet, Lucile Perrodin Yves Durrieu Claude. "Contribution à l'évaluation de l'impact sur les écosystèmes de la valorisation de résidus de procédés thermiques en BTP". Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2004. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=barthet.
Pełny tekst źródłaLabanowski, Jérôme. "Matière organique naturelle et anthropique : vers une meilleure compréhension de sa réactivité et de sa caractérisation". Limoges, 2004. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/9d25021a-654e-427c-bdac-a3e8527731cd/blobholder:0/2004LIMO0031.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study was interested to characterise Organic Matter (OM) from a leachate, OM which plays a major role within landfills. Fractionation protocols by XAD resins were set up in order to compare the distribution of carbon-contained and nitrogen-contained elements and of the oxydability of this OM with various OM of terrestrial (soil, peat) and aquatic (surface water and groundwater) natural environments The basic elements of the leachate OM were identified by pyrolysis GC/MS after TMAH derivation. The most hydrophilic OM was the subject of a procedure of conditioning to pyrolysis, based on a fixation on a catalytic clay. Biodegradability tests were developed for an original characterisation of OM based on its biochemical reactivity. Another approach of characterisation consisted in studying the chemical reactivity of OM by using treatment processes like coagulation-flocculation and electrocoagulation
Dumont, Nathalie. "Récupération du césium des lixiviats de catalyseurs usés à l'aide de résines échangeuses d'ions". Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10139.
Pełny tekst źródłaMejbri, Rakha. "Fractionnement et caractérisation de la matière organique dissoute dans les lixiviats de décharges d'ordures ménagères : effets du traitement par lagunage aéré". Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0031.
Pełny tekst źródłaLions, Julie. "Etude hydrogéochimique de la mobilité de polluants inorganiques dans des sédiments de curage mis en dépôt: expérimentations, étude in situ et modélisations". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001042.
Pełny tekst źródłaKhattabi, Hicham. "Intérêts de l'étude des paramètres hydrogéologiques et hydrobiologiques pour la compréhension du fonctionnement de la station de traitement des lixiviats de la décharge d'ordures ménágères d'Etueffont (Belfort, France)". Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA2024.
Pełny tekst źródłaLions, Julie. "Etude hydrogéochimique de la mobilité de polluants inorganiques dans des sédiments de curage mis en dépôt : expérimentations, suivi in situ et modélisations". Paris, ENMP, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENMP1263.
Pełny tekst źródłaPinel-Raffaitin, Pauline. "Suivi des métaux et métalloïdes dans les effluents de centres de stockage de déchets : Spéciation et devenir des composés de l'arsenic et de l'étain dans les lixiviats et les biogaz". Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00134725.
Pełny tekst źródłaMocellin, Julien. "Ressources secondaires de métaux, valorisation par voie hydrométallurgique de résidus de sidérurgie pour la valeur en zinc, en manganèse et plomb". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0211/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuring the XIXth and XXth centuries, steel industry has been one of the main sources of wealth in France. However, ferromanganese manufacturing has produced huge quantities of wastes, for instance after blast-furnace gas washing. The residual sludge, containing high concentrations of zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and lead (Pb) (5 to 40 wt %), has been deposited in ponds, in the vicinity of steel-making plants. Since plant closure, these fields have been left untouched; some of them, like in Pompey (Lorraine) have been colonized by vegetation. These sites may be considered as a threat to health and environment and should be cleaned up. Nevertheless, with awareness of metal shortage, these ponds may be considered as deposits of secondary resources. This works aims at designing a hydrometallurgical process to extract Zn, Mn and Pb from these residues and recover them in a valuable form, while decontaminating the sites. At first, experiments have enabled us to determine the optimal conditions (acid concentration, duration, temperature, reactant addition, pulp density) to extract selectively Zn and Mn from the sludge and leave a Pb-rich residue. Then, Zn was recovered as ZnO or ZnS after precipitation or as Zn after electrowinning. Mn was recovered as MnCO3 at an acceptable purity. A technico-economic study has been done to assess the industrial interest of the process
Boucher, Karl. "Biofiltration et captage des métaux lourds de lixiviat de lieu d'enfouissement de matières résiduelles". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27888/27888.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaKara, Redha. "Mesures in situ des tres faibles perméabilités : contribution à l'amélioration des méthodes de mesure par expérimentation en vraie grandeur et modélisation numérique". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL092N.
Pełny tekst źródłaAnderson, Amandine. "Potentiel d'émission et de transfert de colloïdes et nanoparticules manufacturées issus de lixiviats de déchets solides et nanomatériaux". Thesis, Toulon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUL0020/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaGreat variability of nanomaterials wastes are widely produced throughout the world. At the end of their life, the leaching of the wastes stored in landfills, leads to the emission of contaminants (organic and metallic) which modes of transport differ widely according to the interactions they have with ligands present in the medium. The European Union wants to promote long-term gradual reduction of contaminant releases to the environment and the Ministry of Ecology plans to establish specific standards limiting emissions of nanoparticles. But to date, limited data are available on the quantities of contaminants potentially emitted by wastes and their transport capacity. In particular, the contaminants present in nanoparticulate form, easily bioavailable, have a dynamic behavior misidentified and therefore unpredictable.The complexity and variability in the composition of waste and nanomaterials involve the study of a wide range of them; so, our work has focused on quantifying the emission of nanoparticles during their aging from various wastes (red mud residues, sewage sludge, marine sediments and domestic wastes incineration bottom ash MIOMs) and their transport through a porous medium.We identified metallic elements largely present in colloidal form and their fate after 1½ years of aging. Transport tests of nanoparticles led by column percolation experiments have shown that the transport of the metal nanoparticles is facilitated in some cases, in others, more typically slowed down. Scanning Electron Microscopy have shown that many metals were associated with aluminum and iron oxides and natural organic humic-like substances
Karnis, Aurélie. "Traitement à haute pression et haute température de déchets de métaux lourds vers de nouveaux matériaux stables". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551293.
Pełny tekst źródłaGonzales, Ramirez Maria Lorena. "Gestion et valorisation des Mâchefers d’Incinération de Déchets non Dangereux (MIDND) : Etude du comportement des polluants inorganiques traces au cours de la maturation et en fonction de la granulométrie". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0131.
Pełny tekst źródłaCurrent challenge of Municipal Solid waste Incineration (MSWI) bottom ash management lays in its valorization, mainly to be used in road construction projects. The process must take into account environmental regulations and conduct rigorous monitoring from production to utilization. One constraint in the assessment of MSWI bottom ash is related to quality criteria which is becoming more restrictive. Among potential pollutants that can cause environmental use restrictions are metal trace elements (MTE), whose behavior based on weathering and grain size is not yet well known and represent one of greatest concern. In this thesis, the developed research approach defined the favorable conditions for Cu, Cr, Pb, Sb, Ni and Zn release. The aforementioned approach is based on three pillars: The first pillar focuses on the development of a pertinent characterization method for bottom ash (including the polluting organic and mineral fraction) aiming at a better assessment of its properties. The initial study matrix, taken from an industrial site, was carefully analyzed from both, physico-chemical and environmental performances. Geochemical modeling based on physico-chemical and leaching data, allowed to identify the main mineral phases and to simulate material behavior with the purpose of predicting the evolution of MSWI bottom ash in specific storage or valorization conditions. The second pillar describes the impact of weathering conditions and size partitioning on MSWI bottom ash quality evolution. Three different weathering conditions (natural on industrial scale heap; accelerated on small heap; and forced) were studied. The results showed that changes in the chemical and mineralogical composition of MSWI bottom ash as well as in its size fractions are more significant when the weathering proceed. The natural accelerated weathering and the forced carbonation limited the leaching of Cu, Pb and Zn, whereas, the leaching of Cr, Sb, Cl and the SO42- increased as pH decreased. The third pillar focuses on the study of MSWI bottom ash alternative utilization as secondary raw material for the typically practiced road sub-layers construction. It consisted of incorporating MSWI bottom ash in a self-compacting material used for pavement sub-layer or coated road shoulders structures. A formulated material was obtained by mixing MSWI bottom ash, water and cement as a hydraulic binder. The results of the mechanical, geotechnical and environmental assessment are promising for MISWI bottom ash potential use in road construction
Trabelsi, Souhaila. "Etudes de traitement des lixiviats des déchets urbains par les procédés d’oxydation avancée photochimiques et électrochimiques : application aux lixiviats de la décharge tunisienne "Jebel Chakir"". Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1122/document.
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Grisey, Elise. "Impact de l'évolution des déchets d'une installation de stockage de déchets non dangereux sur l'environnement - Site d'étude : l'ISDND d'Etueffont (Territoire de Belfort - France)". Thesis, Besançon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BESA2029/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe purpose of this work was to evaluate the impact of a landfill on groundwater quality.Municipal solid waste from the Etueffont landfill (Belfort area, France) was mechanically andbiologically treated (shredding and aerobic composting) before being disposed of in an unlinedarea and in a lined cell. The leachate characterization performed over a 21-Year period (1989-2010) showed a rapid degradation of waste. A steady state was reached at the end of themonitoring. Waste pretreatment enhanced the rate of biodegradation and reduced the pollutionpotential of the landfill. The leachate produced was treated on site in a natural lagooning. Whilelagooning is not a widespread practice for leachate treatment, significant removal (75-90 %) oforganic matter, suspended solids, nitrogen and phosphorus was observed. In previous studies,groundwater contamination was highlighted around the landfill. As a consequence, geophysicalinvestigations of the area by electrical resistivity tomography and physico-Chemical analyses wereconducted in order to delineate the contamination plume. The results showed leachate infiltrationinto the soil below the unlined part of the landfill and leakage through the watertightgeomembrane of the lined cell. Seepage of wastewater into the soil below the lagoons was alsoobserved. The extent of contamination plume was limited and was mostly limited to the landfillboundaries. The results of this work allowed to determine the location of the contaminated areasand helped to choose the appropriate physico-Chemical analytes of the post-Closure groundwatermonitoring program, which will be applied to the landfill until the end of 2031
FREISSINET, CATHERINE. "Estimation des imprécisions dans la modélisation du devenir des produits phytosanitaires dans les sols : une méthode fondée sur la logique floue". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10068.
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