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Xiao, Pengcheng, Chao Wang, Liguang Zhu, Wenguang Xu, Yuxin Jin i Rong Zhu. "An Efficient and Accurate Quality Inspection Model for Steel Scraps Based on Dense Small-Target Detection". Processes 12, nr 8 (14.08.2024): 1700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12081700.
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Scrap steel serves as the primary alternative raw material to iron ore, exerting a significant impact on production costs for steel enterprises. With the annual growth in scrap resources, concerns regarding traditional manual inspection methods, including issues of fairness and safety, gain increasing prominence. Enhancing scrap inspection processes through digital technology is imperative. In response to these concerns, we developed CNIL-Net, a scrap-quality inspection network model based on object detection, and trained and validated it using images obtained during the scrap inspection process. Initially, we deployed a multi-camera integrated system at a steel plant for acquiring scrap images of diverse types, which were subsequently annotated and employed for constructing an enhanced scrap dataset. Then, we enhanced the YOLOv5 model to improve the detection of small-target scraps in inspection scenarios. This was achieved by adding a small-object detection layer (P2) and streamlining the model through the removal of detection layer P5, resulting in the development of a novel three-layer detection network structure termed the Improved Layer (IL) model. A Coordinate Attention mechanism was incorporated into the network to dynamically learn feature weights from various positions, thereby improving the discernment of scrap features. Substituting the traditional non-maximum suppression algorithm (NMS) with Soft-NMS enhanced detection accuracy in dense and overlapping scrap scenarios, thereby mitigating instances of missed detections. Finally, the model underwent training and validation utilizing the augmented dataset of scraps. Throughout this phase, assessments encompassed metrics like mAP, number of network layers, parameters, and inference duration. Experimental findings illustrate that the developed CNIL-Net scrap-quality inspection network model boosted the average precision across all categories from 88.8% to 96.5%. Compared to manual inspection, it demonstrates notable advantages in accuracy and detection speed, rendering it well suited for real-world deployment and addressing issues in scrap inspection like real-time processing and fairness.
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Baah, Owusu Panin Kwame. "Innovative Use of the Pointillism Technique for the Production of Scrap Metal Mural Art of Kofi Annan for Environmental Sustainability". Journal of Innovations in Science and Technology 1, nr 1 (27.04.2023): 60–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.60129/jinces.v1i1.00523.
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Scrap metals have been an environmental nuisance blocking the pathways of water and leading to various forms of environmental pollution at Anloga in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana. This scrap metal art project was aimed at creatively reusing and re-purposing scrap metals from various construction, dump sites and households for the creation of a metal artwork as a step in reviving scrap metal art for environmental sustainability. Over the years, murals have been made using various techniques in painting and sculpture. The studio-based research design that employs the qualitative descriptive method was used for this project. The project adopted the concept of pointillism whereby tiny dots in various pure colours are used in creating an artwork that is appreciated when viewed from a distance. We replicated this concept by representing the dots with metal domes from scrap metals in producing an innovative commemorative metal mural of the former UN General Secretary, Kofi Annan. The researchers employed participant observation and used photographs to collect the data by carefully studying the various scrap metals that were available for the project and by utilizing most metal working techniques. It was very necessary to carry on this project to revive scrap metal art in Ghana which is gradually dying out. The study revealed that recycling and melting of metal scraps should be done in kilns and furnaces rather than in open hearth processes for best results. The study recommends the exploration of other methods of doming in the future for much efficiency. Also, the study recommends the exploration of other fine art techniques and media using various scrap metals for artistic production.
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Cui, Ji Rang, Wei Guo, Hans Jørgen Roven, Qu Dong Wang, Yong Jun Chen i Tao Peng. "Recycling of Aluminum Scrap by Severe Plastic Deformation". Materials Science Forum 667-669 (grudzień 2010): 1177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.667-669.1177.
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The production of primary aluminum is an energy costly process. With the global warming being of concern, the secondary aluminum stream is becoming an even more important component of aluminum production and is attractive due to its economic and environmental benefits. Recycling of aluminum by new solid state recycling techniques instead of conventional remelting and subsequent refining processing can result in significant energy savings. Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) techniques have been applied for consolidating nano particles into fully dense materials with good mechanical properties. However, solid state recycling of scraps by SPD is only in the beginning. In the present study, degreasing of aluminum chips from the machine workshop was investigated by a thermal method and chemical treatment. Thereafter, the decoated chips were recycled by Cyclic Extrusion Compression (CEC) at deformation temperatures between 400 and 500 °C. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the recycled aluminum scrap processed by SPD were subsequently investigated. The results show that SPD technology provides a promising alternative for recycling of aluminum scrap. Thermal degreasing of aluminum scrap resulted in more oxidization of aluminum scrap particles. Visible interfaces between chips were observed even at a low magnification.
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Ah-lung, Guillaume, Ayyoube Barchid, Brahim Boubeker, Youssef Samih, Jones Alami, Sanae Baki Senhaji i Johan Jacquemin. "Effects of Melting/Casting and Thermal Treatment Surrounding Gas Phase Composition on the Properties of a Low-Alloyed Steel". Metals 14, nr 12 (21.11.2024): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met14121317.
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This study aims to provide insights into the experimental conditions used during the melting/casting process and subsequent thermal treatments of low-alloy steels, particularly regarding recycled scrap metals. As sustainable practices in metallurgy gain importance, optimizing scrap metal recycling is crucial for producing steel grades with desired chemical compositions, microstructures, and physical properties. Understanding these conditions is vital for enhancing the efficiency and quality of steel production from recycled materials. This study emphasizes the critical role of specific experimental conditions in the steelmaking process, especially with recycled scrap metals. It closely examines the atmosphere during melting/casting to identify key parameters that must be rigorously controlled in lab-scale steel production using a vacuum induction furnace. The findings indicate that both the chemical composition and recyclability of low-alloyed steels are significantly influenced by the surrounding atmosphere during melting and casting. Inert environments, such as vacuum or argon, are shown to be ideal for steelmaking with induction technology, particularly when recycling scrap metals. Additionally, this study highlights the importance of precise heat treatments, including homogenization and normalization, by controlling both thermal conditions and the atmosphere to produce high-quality steel from recycled scraps.
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Parvez, Dr Y. Aboobucker, i S. Harsavardini. "TYPES OF MANUFACTURING OF BIOGAS - With design thinking approach". INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 07, nr 09 (1.09.2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem25733.
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This article examines the reputation of biogas education in different ways. It can be made from scrap paper and its mixture with cow dung. It can be made from food scraps. It can also be made from natural waste streams or industrial methods. The ability to grow sweet sorghum with unique row spacing (20, 50, 75 cm) in small-scale plots with three varieties is also used for biogas production. exclusive types of small-scale and large-scale production are mentioned. Keywords- Cow dung, Food scraps, Natural waste stream,Small-scale production,Large-scale production
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Dini, Wahyuni, Budiman Irwan i Tambunan Mangara. "Alternative Selection in Reducing Wood Scrap with Green Productivity Approach". E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 07023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187307023.
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This research was conducted in companies engaged in the production of furniture in North Sumatra. From observations made, seen piles of scrap pieces of wood from the rest of the production. This study was conducted to select the best alternative to reduce scrap wood with green productivity approach so that productions are going to more economical and productive. Green productivity approach to the reduction of scrap is performed by calculating Green Productivity Index. There are 3 alternative wood scrap reduction, which is: (1) Do not perform any conversion actions; (2) Wood scrap smoothed and pressed into the pressed wood as the “content” of the door, wood scrap that is usually used as a fuel in the boiler is replaced with oil palm pulp; and (3) Purchase the woods with appropriate size and produces scrap as minimum as possible. Alternative 2 was selected as the best alternative to the Green Productivity Index (GPI) Human amounted to 1, GPI Material 1.13, GPICapital1.06, GPI Energy at 1.16, and GPI Waste of 0.
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Chiu, Yuan-Shyi P., Zhong-Yun Zhao, Fan-Yun Pai i Tiffany Chiu. "Investigating the collective impact of postponement, scrap, and external suppliers on multiproduct replenishing decision". International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations 14, nr 1 (2023): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.ijiec.2022.9.001.
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This study examines the collective impact of postponement, scrap, and subcontracting standard components on the multiproduct replenishing decisions. Rapid response, desirable quality, and various goods guide the client’s demands in today’s competitive market. Therefore, many manufacturing firms search for alternative fabrication and outsourcing strategies during the production planning stage to satisfy the client’s expectations, minimize fabrication-inventory costs, and smoothen machine utilization. To effectively help producers meet today's client's needs and enhance their competitive advantage, we develop a two-stage multiproduct replenishing system incorporating scraps, standard parts subcontracting, commonality, and delayed differentiation. To reduce the production uptime, stage one has a hybrid fabrication process for the common components (i.e., a partial outsourcing strategy), and stage two manufactures the finished multiproduct. In-house fabrication processes in both stages are imperfect; a screening process detects and removes scraps to maintain the finished batch quality. We determine the cost-minimized operating cycle. The findings reveal the collective impact of postponement, scrap, and external suppliers on this multi-product replenishment problem and can be used to facilitate production planning and decision-making.
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Mirgorodskaya, A. G., M. V. Shkidyuk, N. N. Matyukhina i T. A. Don. "Modern technologies for utilizing tobacco wastes". Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 80, nr 3 (17.12.2018): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2018-3-259-264.
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The problem of utilization or recycling industrial tobacco wastes is an important problem for tobacco industry. Economically preferable way for utilizing industrial tobacco wastes (tobacco scrap) is production smokeless products and hookah blends as wastes are utilized without special treatment. Monitoring of humidity and fractional composition of cut tobacco taken from tobacco rod/cigarette spoilage (tobacco scrap) is carried. Its long-term storage leads to increasing scrap and dust quantity. Researches on utilizing tobacco scrap for sniff and hookah blend production, which are considered to be less harmful compared to cigarettes, were carried. Chemical composition of American type tobacco and scrap was defined. Nicotine content varies from 0.9 to 2.4% and carbohydrates content – from 5.6 to 9.6%. Experimental samples of hookah blend were produced and their organoleptic and taste evaluation were carried. It was found that utilization of tobacco scrap is economically efficient for hookah blend production, as quality of final product made of leaf tobacco and tobacco scrap is similar. Experimental samples of sniff tobacco were produced in order to discover possibility of utilization industrial tobacco scrap for manufacturing this product. Consumer’s properties of sniff tobacco were evaluated by 100 points tasting protocol. This technology for sniff tobacco production from tobacco scrap allows manufacturing product of good quality, decreasing technological operations, rejecting stages of tobacco selection and its cutting and as the result decreasing cost of final product. The results of the research on utilizing tobacco scrap for hookah blend and sniff tobacco production proves optimality of recycling the tobacco wastes.
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Chuchot, Natthawat, i Purit Thanakijkasem. "Production Optimization of Premium Food Can with Distortion Printing under Waving Requirement". Applied Sciences 14, nr 16 (22.08.2024): 7399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14167399.
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This research aims to propose a novel approach for evaluating and minimizing scraps in an industrial production of premium food cans with distortion printing. Beyond conventional formability criteria, a waving requirement is introduced to ensure aesthetic quality of the printed graphics. The research focuses on real production conditions, specifically involving double-cold-reduced (DR) low-carbon steel sheets and chromium-coated tin-free steel with a thickness of 0.16 mm. The sheets are laminated on both sides with a plastic film prior to undergoing distortion printing on the exterior. Subsequently, a blank is subjected to a drawing-redrawing process to form a food can. To address challenges associated with characterizing these thin sheets, a material parameter identification method is proposed and demonstrated. The thickness profile and flange length are identified as key criteria for this identification process. Measurements of thickness distribution and flange length are obtained using digital image correlation (DIC) and microscopy techniques. Within the manufacturing system, uncertainties related to material properties and forming processes can result in scraps or defects. To analyze these processes, finite element analysis (FEA) is employed and validated through experiments. For the evaluation of scrap rates, uncertainty propagation is conducted using a metamodeling technique, specifically employing radial basis function (RBF) neural networks. The study concludes by offering process optimization recommendations aimed at reducing the scrap rate.
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Puspita Sari, Diana, Sela Tri Parwati, Dyah Ika Rinawati i Purnawan A. Wicaksono. "Analysis of Scraps Cause of Noodle Production in PT. Indofood CBP Success Makmur Tbk. using Fault Tree Analysis Methods". SHS Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 02012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184902012.
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Food industry can survive when they can improve the productivity to meets the customer needs. PT Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur Noodle Division is one of food industry in Indonesia. Based on the production data of PT Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur Noodle Division Cibitung plant 3, found that the number of scrap noodles is almost always above the company minimum limit. This condition causes the company losing a profit of about 1.3 million per day per line. Based on these problems, this study aims to find the root causes of scraps of noodles production, then provide the advice on prevention of high amount of scrap of noodle production. The method used in this research is Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and Five Step Plan analysis. The result of FTA analysis shows the cause of the high scrap of noodle production is the number of blocks noodles that fall as it passes through the conveyor in the frying and packing process, and because the operator less observant in connects the spice etiquette, less thorough to set the speed of the autoloader engine, less careful in case of handling the noodles. Suggested solutions include the implementation of 'seiri' by sorting reject spice oil and spices; 'seiton' by placing rolls of etiquette in easily reach place by the operator; 'seiko' by discarding etiquette, spices, and spiced oils into their respective containers; 'seiketsu' which is the division of responsibility for cleanliness of each operator; and 'shitsuke' ie routine briefing based on schedule.
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Polat, Tulay Korkusuz. "Forecasting of production and scrap amount using artificial neural networks". Emerging Materials Research 11, nr 3 (1.09.2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.22.00036.
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The increase in consumer needs and the scarcity of production resources cause the concept of "productivity" to be essential for companies. Reducing costs is an essential factor for increasing competitiveness, and therefore businesses are taking action to reduce scrap costs and increase efficiency. Since the increase in scrap will reduce productivity, it may cause production delays and thus customer dissatisfaction. In this study, the slitting line of one of the essential Japanese supplier companies operating in the automotive sector in Turkey is discussed. The proposed model aims to predict the amount of production and scrap that may occur to increase productivity in the slitting line by using ANN and increasing the slitting line’s efficiency with the measures to be taken. In this context, different ANN designs were made for production and scrap. During the execution of the ANN models, the production and scrap amount was forecasted at 99% and 85%. While measuring the successful performance of the ANN models, RMSE, MAPE, and R2 indicators were used, the forecasted values produced by the ANNs that were successful in terms of performance indicators were compared with the actual values, and the reliability of the study was increased.
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Hammervold, Johanne, Johan Pettersen i Marit Moe Bjørnbet. "Lifecycle Assessment and Lifecycle Costing of Aluminium Wrought-to-Wrought Recycling". Materials Science Forum 794-796 (czerwiec 2014): 1065–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.794-796.1065.
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The aluminium scrap market is undergoing rapid changes which will trigger off new recycling strategies. As the cast scrap market saturates it will become economically feasible to apply scrap also in aluminium wrought alloy production. As part of an EU project, Sustainable and efficient Production of Light weight solutions (SuPLight) a method for assessing life cycle environmental and economic consequences of applying aluminium scrap in high-end products has been developed. In this work, the method has been applied to assess life cycle environmental and economic impacts for six scenarios, embracing five various strategies for scrap treatment. This includes processes in material and component production, as well as fuel use during operation of vehicle and end-of-life treatment. The model for scrap strategies includes three grades of sorting and separation, plus simple refining by low-temp electrolysis and fluxing, and refining by Hoopes process. Not surprising, we find that sorting is beneficial compared to refining. More notable, perhaps, is the relative large difference between scenarios with regards to the environmental impacts considered. Finally, we discuss benefits from the life-cycle evaluation of scrap scenarios and use of the tool in business development.
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Fritz, Benjamin, Carin Aichele i Mario Schmidt. "Environmental impact of high-value gold scrap recycling". International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 25, nr 10 (25.08.2020): 1930–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-020-01809-6.
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Abstract Purpose The gold routes satisfying the global gold supply are mining (74%), recycling of high-value gold (23%), and electronic scraps (3%). Besides its applications in the investment, jewelry, and industrial sector, gold also has a bad image. The gold production in industrial as well as artisanal and small-scale mines creates negative impacts such as resource depletion, extensive chemical use, toxic emissions, high energy consumption, and social concerns that are of great importance. On the other hand, almost all gold is recycled and has historically always been. In common life cycle assessment (LCA) databases, there is no data on recycling of high-value gold available. This article attempts to answer the question what the ecological benefits of this recycling are. Method In this study, we were able to collect process data on the most commonly used high-value gold scrap recycling process, the aqua regia method, from several state-of-the-art German refineries. With this data, life cycle inventories were created and a life cycle model was produced to finally generate life cycle impacts of high-value gold scrap recycling. Results This study contains the corresponding inventories and thus enables other interested parties to use these processes for their own LCA studies. The results show that high-value gold scrap recycling has a considerably lower environmental impact than electronic gold scrap recycling and mining. For example, high-value gold scrap recycling in Germany results in a cumulative energy demand (CED) of 820 MJ and a global warming potential (GWP) of 53 kg-CO2-Eq. per kg gold. In comparison, common datasets indicate CED and GWP levels of nearly 8 GJ and 1 t-CO2-Eq. per kg gold, respectively, for electronic scrap recycling and levels of 240 GJ and 16 t-CO2-Eq. per kg gold, respectively, for mining. Conclusion The results show that buying gold from precious metal recycling facilities with high technological standards and a reliable origin of the recycling material is about 300 times better than primary production.
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De Caro, Daniele, Michele Maria Tedesco, Jaume Pujante, Andrea Bongiovanni, Giovanni Sbrega, Marcello Baricco i Paola Rizzi. "Effect of Recycling on the Mechanical Properties of 6000 Series Aluminum-Alloy Sheet". Materials 16, nr 20 (20.10.2023): 6778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16206778.
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Sustainability is one of the biggest values of today and for the future of our society; a responsible usage of material in every sector is fundamental to achieving sustainability goals. Aluminum alloys are some of the most promising materials in terms of strength and weight, but their production implies the emission of a high amount of CO2. For that reason, the study and development of aluminum alloys with increasing scrap content play a central role in future applications. In the current study, two sheet-aluminum 6181 alloys with different scrap content were analyzed and compared with a 6181 alloy coming from primary production. The alloys were compared in terms of chemical composition, microstructure, tensile properties, and forming behaviors. The results showed that the alloys coming from secondary productions contained a higher amount of manganese, iron, and copper. The metallurgical and mechanical behaviors were very similar to those of the primary produced alloy. Nevertheless, a drop in formability was shown in the aluminum alloys containing a high scrap amount when stressed in a biaxial condition. The study demonstrated the viability of 6181 alloy production using a high scrap amount, highlighting the main difference with the same alloy coming from primary route production.
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Bernatzki, Klaus-P., Michael R. Bussieck, Thomas Lindner i Marco E. Lübbecke. "Optimal scrap combination for steel production". OR Spectrum 20, nr 4 (1.12.1998): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002910050072.
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Bernatzki, Klaus P., Michael R. Bussieck, Thomas Lindner i Marco E. Lübbecke. "Optimal scrap combination for steel production". Operations Research-Spektrum 20, nr 4 (grudzień 1998): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01539743.
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Kasantikul, Benya, Ruengsak Auttaranakon i Arun Kongkeaw. "Bamboo scraps and hardwood chips biochar derived from a cone-truncated open fire kiln for use as a nutrition medium for agricultural purpose". E3S Web of Conferences 187 (2020): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018703003.
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An experiment on the production of biochar from bamboo scraps and hardwood chips for use as materials to improve soil was done by burning the biomass of the bamboo scraps and hardwood chips in Pyrolysis conditions at a temperature range of 500 - 700C with a cone-truncated open fire kiln which reduces burning time to 45-60 min. Experimental results revealed that the average bamboo-scrap biochar of 2.5 kg resulted from burning 15 kg of the bamboo scraps; likewise, the average hardwood-chip biochar of 2.2 kg resulted from burning 15 kg of the hardwood chips. According to analyses, the bamboo-scrap biochar was composed of 8.6% moisture content, 8.0% volatile substance, 9.0% ash, 83% fixed carbon, 250mg/g iodine and pH 10.3; whereas, the hardwood-chip biochar was composed of 6% moisture content, 8.2% volatile substance, 3% ash , 88.8% fixed carbon, 300 mg/g iodine, and pH 10.1. The result of planting experiments showed that after mixing the biochar for soil nourishment and compost into the planting soil, the morning glory and kale can grow better than those planted in normal soil and soil with compost.
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A. Mnati, Ali, i Kadhim K. Resan. "PRODUCTION OF DUCTILE CAST IRON BY RECYCLING GRAY CAST IRON SCRAP WITH ADDING VARIOUS LOCAL MATERIALS". Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development 27, nr 1 (3.01.2023): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.27.1.10.
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Ductile cast iron is also called spheroidal graphite cast iron or nodular cast iron. It contains graphite in the semblance of nodules. Automobile scrap (i.e., the engine block) made from gray cast iron was used in this study. In this paper, the recycling of gray cast iron to ductile iron, and its influence on the microstructure and mechanical characteristics be studied. Four kilograms of scrap were put in a crucible and then heated up to 1400°C in an oil-fired crucible furnace. For desulfurization, 4% burnt lime with 0.5% fluorspar was direct tapped into the melt at 1400°C. Then, the additions were 3.5% nickel, 0.75% Ferro molybdenum, and 0.5% Ferro manganese of the scrap weighing. Also, 3.75% nodularizing alloy and 1% inoculating alloy of scrap weight were to treat the molten at 1450°C. Samples analyses have been achieved to determine their composition, tensile strength, impact strength, Brinell hardness, and microstructural. The microstructures revealed that the scrap sample possesses flake graphite, and the produced sample includes nodule graphite. It is observed that the ultimate tensile stress, elongation, and hardness of the scrap sample, which are 247.75 MPa, 6%, and 400.3 HB, respectively, increased in the product sample to 416.23 MPa, 8%, and 451 HB, respectively.
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Baş, Aydoğan, Burak Birgören i Ümit Sami Sakalli. "Obtaining a Multi-Factor Optimum Blend Using Scrap within the Scope of Sustainable and Environmentally Friendly Steel Production: Application in a Steel-Casting Company". Sustainability 16, nr 11 (24.05.2024): 4446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16114446.
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This study tackles the challenge of optimizing scrap blends in steel production to achieve sustainability and environmental consciousness. Focusing on a steel-casting company as a case study, we develop a mathematical model that minimizes cost, emissions, and energy consumption while maximizing scrap utilization. This model considers the specific elemental composition of various scrap piles and pure elements, alongside their associated costs and environmental impacts in the production of GS52 steel in a foundry company. Through the GAMS program and further verification with Microsoft Excel, we demonstrate that the optimal blend significantly reduces raw material costs by prioritizing scrap (99.7%) over pure elements. Moreover, this optimized blend minimizes energy consumption and associated carbon emissions, thus contributing to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly steel production process. This study offers valuable insights and a practical framework for the steel industry to adopt cost-effective and eco-conscious practices, aligning with global efforts towards sustainable manufacturing.
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Govindarajalu, V., i V. S. Senthil Kumar. "Web Based Dss for Inventory and Scrap Optimization in a Printing & Packaging Industry". Advanced Materials Research 335-336 (wrzesień 2011): 599–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.335-336.599.
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This paper proposes a genetic algorithm based optimization of the product and scrap inventory levels in a printing and packaging industry so as to minimize total supply chain cost. The scrap optimization procedures are in the primitive level of implementation in the industries. Determining optimal levels of scrap inventory enables the industries to attack the problem of high scrap and high inventory, thus enables the industries to make quick and sound decisions regarding the production of paper boards in a printing and packaging industry.
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Barragán-Gutiérrez, Iván Ernesto, Alfonso López-Díaz i Wolfgang Krumm. "Synthetic fuel production from shredded scrap waste". Revista Facultad de Ingeniería 26, nr 44 (25.01.2017): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/01211129.v26.n44.2017.5784.
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This technological innovation project involved material identification, and design, installation, implementation, and evaluation of a pilot plant with capacity of 10 t per batch to recover materials and produce synthetic fuels (oil, syngas and solid) from shredded scrap waste. The results showed the proper way to separate materials (metals, and organic and inert compounds), and to perform the pyrolysis process to produce gas, oil, and coke as synthetic fuels from organic waste. The process started with the physicochemical characterization of the waste, followed by the selection of separation, sorting and processing technologies, and the definition of pyrolysis process parameters. Finally, the synthetic fuels were characterized, and uses for the furnace billet, ladle preheating, internal combustion engines, and auto generation were suggested. The results showed 82 % recovery of magnetic and non-magnetic metals, and production of synthetic fuels with PCI between 20 650 and 36 900 kJ/kg.
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Trezza, Mónica Adriana, i Alberto Néstor Scian. "Scrap tire ashes in portland cement production". Materials Research 12, nr 4 (2009): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-14392009000400019.
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Bhat, Narasimha Prasad. "Optimizing Scrap Management in Production Planning Processes". International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology 71, nr 5 (30.05.2023): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22312803/ijctt-v71i5p108.
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Lakshmi Sankar, S., A. Manoj Kumar i K. Joel Henry. "A Case Study on Scrap Reduction of Transfer Pump in Common Rail Fuel Pump". Applied Mechanics and Materials 766-767 (czerwiec 2015): 1168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.1168.
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The aim of the paper is to reduce the Scrap in Transfer Pump Tightening Assembly in Common rail Pump. Low Torque rejection phenomenon was considered as it was of more rejection in past 6 months and it was having average per month scrap cost to be excessive. The objective of the work was to reduce the scrap quantity of TPC Tightening Assembly phenomenon from 3% of total scrap quantity of CR – Pump assembly to an accepted level. Due to this more rejection quantity, Loss of production and quality, High scrap cost and utilization of more man power were noticed in CR-Pump Assembly. To solve these problems seven problem Solving tools were attempted. To reduce the scrap cost and increase productivity and quality were targets with good usage of man power.
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Su, Rung-Hung, Ming-Wei Weng, Chih-Te Yang i Hsin-Ting Li. "An Imperfect Production–Inventory Model with Mixed Materials Containing Scrap Returns Based on a Circular Economy". Processes 9, nr 8 (24.07.2021): 1275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9081275.
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The implementation of scrap recovery activities has been shown to improve the financial performance of many firms, and this kind of circular economy (CE) is particularly evident in industries with green manufacturing (GM). In this paper, we consider an imperfect multiple-stage production system that manufactures paired products made from mixed materials containing scrap returns, in which the scrap returns are converted from defective products. The feed rates of scrap returns for two products are different, and the product with the higher feed rate is placed in the second order of the process to avoid unlimited accumulation of scrap returns. The proposed problem is formulated as a joint economic order quantity (EOQ) and economic production quantity (EPQ) model aimed at cost minimization. The decision variables of the proposed model include the production run time of two products, order quantity of new material, and the extent of investment in converted equipment. We also prove that the optimal solution exists uniquely and provide an algorithm for the computation of the optimal solution. Finally, a numerical example involving the pulp and paper manufacturing industry is provided to illustrate the solution process, and the results of its sensitivity analysis are also presented to show some managerial implications.
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Aprilianti, Chusnul, Annisa Kesy Garside, Amelia Khoidir i Thomy Eko Saputro. "Economic production quantity model with defective items, imperfect rework process, and lost sales". Jurnal Sistem dan Manajemen Industri 8, nr 1 (4.06.2024): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30656/jsmi.v8i1.7580.
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This study proposes an economic production quantity (EPQ) model that comprehensively addresses scrap items, imperfect quality items, rework processes, and shortages. The model incorporates various types of defective items, including scrap, imperfect quality, and rework able items, and implements immediate rework processes upon the completion of regular production. Shortages are treated as lost sales, enhancing the accuracy of inventory cost estimations. Numerical experiments demonstrate the optimality of production lot sizes and underscore the impact of production and demand rate adjustments on overall inventory costs. Sensitivity analysis further elucidates the influence of imperfect quality items on inventory costs. This EPQ model offers a comprehensive approach to efficient and effective finished product inventory management by integrating considerations for scrap items, imperfect quality items, and rework processes. Additionally, a furniture manufacturing company case is presented to illustrate the practical application of the proposed model.
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Suzuki, Taichi, i Ichiro Daigo. "Recycled Content for Metals with Refined Classification of Metal Scrap: Micro-Level Circularity Indicator in Accordance with Macro-Level System". Sustainability 16, nr 16 (13.08.2024): 6933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16166933.
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Transitioning from a traditional linear economy to a circular economy occurs at the micro-level system, encompassing products and companies, which should be monitored. For metals, recycled content as an input-side indicator of recycling quantifies the ratio of metal scrap consumed during production and fabrication. However, conventional methodology struggles to evaluate recycled content uniquely due to the ambiguous classification of new scrap derived from industrial processes. Additionally, the input and output of new scrap between micro-level systems are often inadequately counted, causing inconsistencies in the recognition of secondary input between macro- and micro-level systems. This study introduces a refined classification for metal scrap, precisely distinguishing new scrap by its originating processes. Furthermore, we propose a novel perspective on new scrap, viewing it as a mixture of old scrap and primary raw materials, with only the portion of old scrap being considered secondary raw material. This stance navigates past the binary classification—whether new scrap should be classified as secondary—eliminating ambiguity and allowing for clear identification of secondary raw materials. The developed methodology ensures that all inputs of scrap are accounted for without leakage, and the recycled content of a specific metal is uniquely determined, maintaining consistency with macro-level systems.
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Xuan, Yanni, i Qiang Yue. "Retrospective and Prospective Analysis on the Trends of China’s Steel Production". Journal of Systems Science and Information 4, nr 4 (25.08.2016): 291–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.21078/jssi-2016-291-16.
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AbstractEconomic development has contributed to the rapid expansion of China's steel industry during the past two decades, which has resulted in numerous problems including increased energy consumption and excessive environmental pollution. This study examines changes in crude steel production, steel scrap consumption, energy consumption, CO2emissions and steel stocks per capita from 2000 to 2014. Scenario analysis based on QGT equation is provided to accurately assess China's steel demand. Under three different scenarios, the peak of steel production and the variation trend of energy consumption, CO2emissions, steel stocks per capita and steel scrap are analyzed from 2010 to 2030. Based on Chinese situation, the most reasonable variation trend of China's steel production is proposed, which will increase from 626.7 Mt in 2010 to approximately 914 Mt in 2020, then gradually decrease to about 870 Mt in 2030. Steel stocks per capita will increase from 3.8 t/cap in 2010 to 8.09 t/cap in 2020 (the inferior limit of completing industrialization), then reach 11.46 t/cap in 2030 and stabilize. The peaks of energy consumption and CO2emissions in steel industry are expected to reach 505.37 Mtce and 1444.1 Mt in 2020, respectively. The scrap ratio is expected to reach 0.36 by 2030, when steel scrap resources will be relatively sufficient. This paper can provide corresponding theoretical basis for the government to make decision-making of macro-control.
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Horton, Philippa, Julian Allwood, Paul Cassell, Christopher Edwards i Adrian Tautscher. "Material Demand Reduction and Closed-Loop Recycling Automotive Aluminium". MRS Advances 3, nr 25 (2018): 1393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.280.
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ABSTRACTEnvironmentally aware automotive manufacturers recycle aluminum production scrap in closed-loop systems to generate environmental and financial savings. Further savings could be gained if material demand is reduced, through improving the material utilization of the production process. Since a more efficient production process generates less scrap, the opportunity for closed loop recycling reduces when material demand reduces. This paper investigates the interaction between material demand reduction and closed loop recycling for an aluminum intensive case-study vehicle. It identifies the greatest environmental and financial savings when both strategies are implemented together. It is shown that a ‘recycled content’ target does not capture these saving opportunities. It is recommended that automotive manufacturers set targets for both material utilization and scrap recovery, to simultaneously promote closed-loop recycling and material demand reduction.
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Najib Khan, Abdul Shafiq Khan A., Nur Ezzah Faezah Othman, Hadi Purwanto, Hafasihah Abdul Halim i Ahmad Firdaus Shamsul Baharin. "Synthetic of Pure Alumina from Aluminum Scrap". Advanced Materials Research 1115 (lipiec 2015): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1115.170.
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Abundance in aluminum scrap metals can cause problem such as limited space allocation and pollution. The solution to solve these problems were by recycling the aluminum scrap metal as secondary production of aluminum. Among the recycling process alternative is smelting, However, the process consumes high energy with low productivity. This study focuses on alumina production from aluminum scrap waste. Dissolution process of Al scrap with 0.5M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) yields Al (OH)3and hydrogen gas. Results show that the temperature gradually decreased from 40°C to 35.7°C as the reaction took place. The pH of the solution during dissolution process increased from 12.08 to 12.38. The XRD results show that after calcination of Al (OH)3powders at 1500°C, α-Al2O3peaks could be observed. SEM morphology shows that the calcination process changes the Al (OH)3powders from hexagonal shape to form α-Al2O3with rounded shape.
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Dmitrikov, Valerii, Serhii Vakal, Viktoriia Vakal i Leonid Pliatsuk. "Apparatus-technological scheme of tin cans scrap recycling with obtaining technical products". Environmental Problems 6, nr 1 (2021): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ep2021.01.033.
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The article is devoted to the study of reducing the technogenic load on the environment due to the integrated processing of household metal scrap. A waste-free, resource-saving, and environmentally safe method is proposed for extracting technical products from tin cans scrap - iron (III) oxide, tin (II) complex, suitable for further use, as well as fertilizer for agricultural crops. As a result of theoretical and experimental studies, the direction of cans scrap recycling was selected with an assessment of the parameters and factors affecting the reagent process of scrap disposal. To verify the proposed method for can scrap processing in experimental studies, the reagent method and physical modeling were used together. The processes of the reagent can scrap recycling were studied in a laboratory-scale plant. The results of studies on the reagent can scrap processing with the individual component allocation in the form of their derivatives are presented. A block diagram and a hardware-technological scheme for scrap processing with the receipt of technical products have been developed. The possibility of processing other metal-containing wastes according to the proposed scheme, for example, electrical production, is shown.
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Argaditia Mawadati, Anak Agung Putu Susastriawan, Kartinasari Ayuhikmatin Sekarjati, Andrean Emaputra, Agus Hindarto Wibowo, Ichza Nur Amami i Rio Dewangga. "Pengenalan Produksi Bersih Untuk Perbaikan Penanganan Limbah Industri Cor pada IKM Wintolo". SEWAGATI: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia 3, nr 2 (27.06.2024): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.56910/sewagati.v3i2.1543.
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IKM Wintolo is a small home-based business engaged in the metal casting industry. In the production process, this IKM produces waste in the form of scraps of metal and metal dust which is scattered on the production floor. IKM owners still have not implemented clean production in their businesses because of the limited knowledge possessed by owners and workers. Therefore, IST AKPRIND Industrial Engineering lecturers provide guidance to the owners and workers of IKM Wintolo. From the results of this community service there has been an increase in understanding regarding clean production practices that can be carried out at IKM Wintolo. Clean production practices that can be carried out are (1) Carrying out recycling practices for scrap metal scraps from raw materials. The remains of these pieces can be collected, cleaned, and re-melted with other melted metal products to then be used again as raw materials. (2) Using coconut shells or fiber as a filter to filter used washing water which contains heavy metals. (3) Repairs to the melting furnace cover so that the metal melting process can run more optimally.
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Okechukwu, Cynthia C., i Augustine B. Okoubulu. "EFFECT OF PURE ALUMINUM ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE OF THICK ALUMINUM SCRAPS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MOTORCYCLE BRAKE-PAD". JOURNAL OF METALLURGY AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING 14, nr 1 (sierpień 2024): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.62934/jmme/nms-2024-pt005.
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The increasing demand for aluminium-based products, coupled with globalization in the aluminium industry, has significantly heightened the consumption of aluminium scraps for the reproduction of aluminium alloys. This research investigated the effect of adding pure aluminium on the mechanical properties and structure of thick aluminium scraps, commonly used for the production of motorcycle brake pads. The first step of this work involved casting the materials using a crucible furnace. Samples were produced with and without pure aluminium, and their properties and structures were compared. The results of the mechanical tests showed the best performance in samples containing pure Aluminium scrap. The microstructure of the sample with pure Aluminium revealed refined grains, while that without pure Aluminium exhibited a coarse grain structure. This research provides insights into producing long-lasting motorcycle brake pads in the industry, aligning with Aluminium production objectives
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Okechukwua, Cynthia C., i Augustine B. Okoubulu. "EFFECT OF PURE ALUMINUM ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE OF THICK ALUMINUM SCRAPS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MOTORCYCLE BRAKE-PAD". Journal of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering 14, nr 1 (15.08.2024): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.62934/jmme.14.1.2024.47-53.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The increasing demand for aluminium-based products, coupled with globalization in the aluminium industry, has significantly heightened the consumption of aluminium scraps for the reproduction of aluminium alloys. This research investigated the effect of adding pure aluminium on the mechanical properties and structure of thick aluminium scraps, commonly used for the production of motorcycle brake pads. The first step of this work involved casting the materials using a crucible furnace. Samples were produced with and without pure aluminium, and their properties and structures were compared. The results of the mechanical tests showed the best performance in samples containing pure Aluminium scrap. The microstructure of the sample with pure Aluminium revealed refined grains, while that without pure Aluminium exhibited a coarse grain structure. This research provides insights into producing long-lasting motorcycle brake pads in the industry, aligning with Aluminium production objectives
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Ndalila, Petro, Cuthbet F. Mhilu i Geoffrey R. John. "Thermolysis and Kinetics of Scrap Tyre and Bagasse for Energy Utilization". Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 34, nr 2 (31.12.2013): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v34i2.462.
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The increase of energy demand has brought concern to find alternative fuel that will at least sustain the requirement. Bagasse and scrap tyre are waste generated in our industrial activities, which can be used in energy production to subsidize the demand. This paper, aim to study the decomposition behaviour and kinetics of biomass (bagasse) and scrap tyre as preliminary stage of fuel sample analysis to be considered for energy production in gasification/combustion or pyrolysis facilities. The behaviour demonstrated with thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), shows that all samples have high volatile amount release, 84.21% for bagasse and 85.08% for scrap tyre, which means all are suitable for pyrolysis. However, scrap tyre is most suitable for gasification or combustion due to its high energy content, high ash content and low moisture than bagasse. The determined kinetic parameter were activation energy (E) and pre-exponential factor (A) for hemicellulose/oil as first release composite and cellulose/elastomer as second composite of the analyzed bagasse/scrap tyre samples. The hemicelluloses of bagasse exhibited highest value of activation energy and pre-exponential factor (E=178.191 kJ/mol, and A=1.74×10 16 ) than oil of scrap tyre (E=41.113 kJ/mol, and A= 495.5), which means bagasse is suitable candidate for gasification process due to high operating temperature. With this respect of the study, all candidates may be suitable for pyrolysis or gasification/combustion process. However, for environmental consideration scrap tyre is not suitable due to high sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) content resulting to high emission ofSOX and NOX .
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Normal, I. Nyoman, i Made Setini. "Life cycle of ceramic waste materials from the perspective of revenue and environmental management". Engineering Solid Mechanics 11, nr 1 (2023): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.esm.2022.8.003.
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The production of ceramic creates scrap material that is often wasted. The aims of this study are to know the influence of size and material on scrap material and the role of accounting in managing the environment. The results show that product size and material used together have an effect on scrap material. Partial testing shows that only materials used have a positive and significant effect on the emergence of scrap materials. The accounting treatment is done by debiting Cash IDR 5,258,753.99 and crediting Work in Process-Raw Material Cost IDR 5,258,753.99. The cost of goods manufactured of ceramic products after accounting treatment for scrap material is lower than before. The selling price also decreased for the same product. The operating profit will increase IDR 5,013,038.64 (use original selling price) and decrease IDR 1,272,112.67 (use selling price after treatment for scrap material). The emergence of scrap material causes environmental problems. Environmental accounting overcomes this by removing scrap material from its place. The transfer is done by selling at a price of half the standard price. The proceeds from the sale are treated as a deduction from the cost of raw materials in an account in the Work in Process-Raw Materials Cost credit.
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Mannheim, Viktoria. "Life Cycle Assessment Model of Plastic Products: Comparing Environmental Impacts for Different Scenarios in the Production Stage". Polymers 13, nr 5 (3.03.2021): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13050777.
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This paper assesses the environmental loads of polypropylene and PP-PE-PET mixed-plastic products throughout the products’ life cycle in the production stage, with particular focus on the looping method. A life cycle model of homogeneous and mixed-plastic products has been developed from the raw material extraction and production phase through its transport with the help of the life cycle assessment method. To find the answers to the questions posed, different impacts were analyzed by the GaBi 9.5 software. The analysis lasted from the beginning of the production process to the end. The aim of this research was to determine the energy and material resources used, the emissions produced, and the environmental impact indicators involved. This article examines three scenarios in the production stage, based on the usage of plastic scrap and process water: (1) plastic scrap and wastewater are recirculated with looping method; (2) plastic scrap goes through an incineration process and wastewater is treated in a municipal wastewater treatment plant; (3) plastic scrap is sent to a municipal landfill and wastewater is treated. This article tries to answer three questions: (1) how can we optimize the production stage? (2) Which materials and streams are recyclable in the design of the life cycle assessment? (3) What is the relationship between the environmental impacts of homogeneous and mixed-plastic products? The results of this research can be used to develop injection-molding processes with lower environmental impacts and lower releases of emissions.
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Liu, Zhu, Zi Yu, Xuefeng She, Huiqing Tang i Qingguo Xue. "Numerical Investigation of Blast Furnace Operation with Scrap Charging". Metals 10, nr 12 (13.12.2020): 1666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10121666.
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One approach to reduce CO2 emission in the steelmaking industry is to recycle scrap to the blast furnace/basic oxygen furnace (BF/BOF) production system. This paper performed a numerical investigation on the BF operation with scrap charging. The investigated BF was with an inner volume of 820 m3, producing 2950 tons of hot metal per day (tHM/d). The simulated results indicated the following: Extra scrap addition in BF causes the decrease of shaft temperature, the decrease of local gas utilization, and the lowering of cohesive zone position, leading to an unstable BF running. The partial replacement of sinter with scrap in BF can mitigate the negative effects induced by scrap charging. The optimal scrap rate in the BF is 178 kg/tHM, under which the BF reaches a productivity of 3310 tHM/d, a top-gas utilization of 48.5%, and a top-gas temperature of 445 K. Compared to the base case, in the BF operation with scrap charging, the BF productivity is increased by 360 kg/tHM, its pulverized-coal rate and coke rate are decreased by 16.3 kg/tHM and 39.8 kg/tHM, respectively.
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Charkhsaz, Fatemeh. "Single Period Production Problem with Scrap and Rework". International Journal of Control Theory and Computer Modeling 2, nr 2 (31.03.2012): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijctcm.2012.2202.
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Bettayeb, B., S. J. Bassetto i M. Sahnoun. "Quality control planning to prevent excessive scrap production". Journal of Manufacturing Systems 33, nr 3 (lipiec 2014): 400–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2014.01.001.
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Sounderpandian, Jayavel, i Dileep G. Dhavale. "Scrap minimization in production processes with stochastic outputs". International Journal of Production Economics 29, nr 1 (luty 1993): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-5273(93)90022-d.
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Lv, Shengping, Binbin Zheng, Hoyeol Kim i Qiangsheng Yue. "Data Mining for Material Feeding Optimization of Printed Circuit Board Template Production". Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1852938.
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Improving the accuracy of material feeding for printed circuit board (PCB) template orders can reduce the overall cost for factories. In this paper, a data mining approach based on multivariate boxplot, multiple structural change model (MSCM), neighborhood component feature selection (NCFS), and artificial neural networks (ANN) was developed for the prediction of scrap rate and material feeding optimization. Scrap rate related variables were specified and 30,117 samples of the orders were exported from a PCB template production company. Multivariate boxplot was developed for outlier detection. MSCM was employed to explore the structural change of the samples that were finally partitioned into six groups. NCFS and ANN were utilized to select scrap rate related features and construct prediction models for each group of the samples, respectively. Performances of the proposed model were compared to manual feeding, ANN, and the results indicate that the approach exhibits obvious superiority to the other two methods by reducing surplus rate and supplemental feeding rate simultaneously and thereby reduces the comprehensive cost of raw material, production, logistics, inventory, disposal, and delivery tardiness compensation.
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Sivashankari, C. K., i S. Panayappan. "Production inventory model with reworking of imperfect production, scrap and shortages". International Journal of Management Science and Engineering Management 9, nr 1 (21.11.2013): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17509653.2013.834655.
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Chulkov, Vitaliy, i Myhammet Fachratov. "Construction waste processing management and demolition of five-storey apartment blocks in Moscow". MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 05008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819305008.
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Data on waste processing management is presented in the article. Processing of scrap concrete waste, which is similar to traditional raw materials in composition and condition, is economically and ecologically feasible. The research suggests that concrete with scrap concrete waste shows strength properties similar to primary concrete and helps organizing waste-free production.
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Korenko, Maroš, Peter Uhrin, Pavol Kaplík i Daniela Földešiová. "Application of Six Sigma Methodology in Production Organization". Advanced Materials Research 801 (wrzesień 2013): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.801.87.
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In the last years and also due to today's economic situation and crises in the world, each organization is looking for a continuous improvement of processes and business performance. The major task of each production organization or services is the saving of money, which is lost because of scrap, long cycle times, wrong process maps and inventory differences. The goal of this article is to describe the implementation of Six Sigma in a production organization focusing on the production of interior parts for the automotive industry. During the summer time, there was delamination between thermoplastic foil and plastic substrate, which caused increasing of scrap, additional substandard works as well as the risk of quality complaints from customer. Six Sigma and DMAIC cycle were used to find root causes and to implement permanent corrective actions to remove this kind of problem from production.
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PARYGINA, S. A. "CONSTRUCTION OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE CORROSION DEFECT ON COLD-ROLLED STEEL DEPENDING ON THE PRODUCTION FACTORS". Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 78, nr 5 (10.06.2022): 426–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2022-5-426-430.
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Significant economic losses from metal corrosion force metal manufacturers to look for ways to reduce these losses including using the machine learning methods. A regression mathematical model has been built that allows regulating the influence of the initial factors in the production of cold-rolled steel in order to reduce such a common defect as metal corrosion. We have identified 10 significant production factors and selected the equation of linear multiple regression of these factors for the output variable y, which determines the percentage of scrap due to corrosion during production of the cold-rolled steel. The coefficients of the equation of multiple linear regression of 10 production factors for the percentage of scrap and the coefficient of determination were calculated, which assess the quality of the constructed mathematical model. The value of the coefficient of determination equal to 0.96 indicates a high modeling accuracy. The recommendations for the regression equation, e.g. to increase the intermediate storage times, to reduce the pump pressure, to increase the emulsion consumption, etc. allow reduction in the percentage of scrap due to metal corrosion in the production of cold-rolled steel.
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Casanova, Álvaro Calero. "Fresh prepreg multilayer scrap reuse". Open Access Government 40, nr 1 (23.10.2023): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.56367/oag-040-11075-02.
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Fresh prepreg multilayer scrap reuse To address waste generated during production, a processing route for uncurde material is developed in MC4. Multilayer fresh prepreg scrap is processed to obtain new intermediate products that can be used to manufacture new parts. Developing dedicated valorisation processes for each composite scrap is essential to exploit their potential and avoid decreasing the remaining performances during processing or increasing costs. In the case of multilayer fresh prepreg scrap, it is typical of the aeronautical field in which automated lay-up technologies such as automatic fibre placement or automated tape laying create a flat stack with a tailored laminate. This laminate is then cut by ultrasonic equipment. Despite being high-quality, the leftovers remaining are discarded because of the complexity of finding a suitable application for these cutoffs and the complicated geometry of laminate parts. It must also be considered that this kind of scrap is often designed to keep a predominant orientation, presenting a higher amount of fibre.
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Spirin, V. A., V. E. Nikol’skii, D. V. Vokhmintsev, A. A. Moiseev, P. G. Smirnov i A. G. Platashov. "Drying and heating of scrap metal at steelmaking: industrial safety, economics, ecology". Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 76, nr 12 (23.12.2020): 1353–258. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-12-1253-1258.
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At steel production based on scrap metal utilization, the scrap heating before charging into a melting facility is an important way of energy efficiency increase and ecological parameters improving. In winter time scrap metal charging with ice inclusions into a metal melt can result in a considerable damage of equipment and even accidents. Therefore, scrap preliminary drying is necessary to provide industrial safety. It was shown, that in countries with warm and low-snow climate with no risk of scrap metal icing up during its transportation and storing in the open air, the basic task being solved at the scrap drying is an increase of energy efficiency of steelmaking. InRussiathe scrap metal drying first of all provides the safety of the process and next - energy saving. Existing technologies of scrap metal drying and heating considered, as well as advantages and drawbacks of technical solutions used at Russian steel plants. In winter time during scrap metal heating at conveyers (Consteel process) hot gases penetrate not effectively into its mass, the heat is not enough for evaporation of wetness in the metal charge. At scrap heating by the furnace gases, a problem of dioxines emissions elimination arises. Application of shaft heaters results in high efficiency of scrap heating. However, under conditions of Russian winter the upper scrap layers are not always heated higher 0 °С and after getting into a furnace bath the upper scrap layers cause periodical vapor explosions. The shaft heaters create optimal conditions for dioxines formation, which emit into atmosphere. It was shown, that accounting Russian economic and nature conditions, the metal charge drying and heating in modified charging buckets by the heat of burnt natural gas or other additional fuel is optimal. The proposed technical solution enables to burnt off organic impurities ecologically safely, to melt down ice, to evaporate the wetness in the scrap as well as to heat the charge as enough as the charging logistics enables it. The method was implemented at several Russian steel plants. Technical and economical indices of scrap metal drying in buckets under conditions of EAF-based shop, containing two furnaces ДСП-100, presented.
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Tran, Ngoc Vuong, Manh Hung Luong i Dinh Dang Nguyen. "A study to set-up a technological process for purification of Zinc scraps by using liquation method". Nuclear Science and Technology 8, nr 1 (1.09.2021): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.53747/jnst.v8i1.82.
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Zinc scrap is a source of raw material for zinc oxide production. However, to qualify the requirement of raw material for zinc oxide (99.5%) production, refining this source is needed. Many methods are considered such as rectification, chemical method, etc., but difficult to apply on an industrial scale. This workfocused on the investigation of the influence of temperature and time factors for asessing the possibility of applying liquation method for the purification of impurities from scrap zinc.The experiment results show that the optimum temperature of liquation to remove Pb,Fe from zinc scrap is in the range of 440-450°C, the optimal time of the process is 8h for the pot with 8cm in height and 6cm in diameter (the quantity of raw zinc sample is about 2kg / batch), then we can obtain about 80% of zinc metal with an average Zn content of about 97, 0%, both Pb and Fe content decreased to a range from 0.35 to 0.4%, and 1.0 to 1.1%, respectively, which meet the requirement of raw materials for the production of high quanlity ZnO ( 99,5 %). Based on the parameters obtained on lab-scale, a trial on pilot scale of 250 kg / batch was conducted, The result confirms that the quality of the products meets the requirement of raw materials for production of high quality ZnO (99.5%) and a technology process for refining zinc scrap by the liquation was proposed.
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Luo, Peng, Chuanmin Yang, Yan He i Tao Wang. "Use of scrap particleboard to produce recycled particleboard". BioResources 19, nr 2 (29.04.2024): 3837–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.2.3837-3844.
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Recycling is presently the most environmentally friendly approach that deals with wood waste. Each year a huge amount of particleboard completes its service life and needs to be disposed of or recycled. Scrap particleboard has the potential to be reused as raw material for particleboard production. A crucial step for producing particleboards using scrap particleboards is to break down urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins in the scrap particleboards to obtain separated particles. In this study, liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment was employed to decompose the UF resins to detach and recover wood particles from the scrap particleboards. The recovered wood particles and fresh industrial wood particles in different proportions were used as the raw material for the particleboard. The physical and mechanical properties of the recycled particleboards were evaluated. The modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and internal bond (IB) of the recycled particleboards were lower than those of the particleboards made with fresh wood particles. However, the 2 h thickness swelling (TS) of the recycled particleboards was better than that of the fresh particleboards, indicating that the recycled particleboards were more dimensionally stable. The mechanical properties of the particleboards containing up to 40% recycled wood particles met the minimum Chinese National Standard requirements for general-purpose particleboards. Conclusively, scrap wood particleboards could be utilized as raw material in particleboard production.