Artykuły w czasopismach: „Production of bio fuel”

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Onu, John Chigbo. "Production of Bio Fuel Using Green Algea". Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 3, nr 2 (2015): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/jocet.2015.v3.183.

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Rajan, Pandiya, Abdul samad, Nivas E N, Keerthana . i Ragi Divya shree. "ALTERNATE FUEL BIODIESEL". International Journal of Innovative Research in Information Security 09, nr 03 (23.06.2023): 168–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/ijiris.2023.v0903.23.

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The rapid growth of industrialization and transportation has led to a significant increase in greenhouse gas emissions and environmental degradation. To mitigate these challenges, there is an urgent need for sustainable energy solutions that can reduce dependence on fossil fuels and minimize environmental impact. Bio-diesel, a renewable and cleaner-burning fuel derived from organic sources, has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional petroleum-based diesel. This abstract provides an overview of bio-diesel, its production process, properties, and its environmental benefits. Bio-diesel is typically produced from feedstocks such as vegetable oils, animal fats, and waste cooking oils through a transesterification process that converts triglycerides into esters. The resulting bio-diesel exhibits similar properties to petroleum diesel, making it compatible with existing diesel engines and infrastructure. One of the significant advantages of bio-diesel is its reduced carbon footprint. It has a significantly lower lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions compared to petroleum diesel, primarily due to the absorption of carbon dioxide during the growth of the feedstock plants. Bio-diesel also contributes to a reduction in air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides and particulate matter, resulting in improved air quality and human health benefits. Additionally, bio-diesel offers economic benefits by promoting local agriculture and creating new job opportunities in the biofuel industry. The utilization of waste cooking oils and animal fats as feedstocks also contributes to waste reduction and efficient resource utilization. Despite its numerous benefits, challenges remain in the widespread adoption of bio-diesel. These challenges include feedstock availability, land use competition with food production, and the need for consistent quality standards. Ongoing research and development efforts are focused on optimizing the production process, exploring alternative feedstocks, and improving the overall sustainability of bio-diesel production. In conclusion, bio-diesel holds great potential as a sustainable alternative to petroleum diesel, offering environmental, economic, and societal benefits. Its reduced carbon footprint and compatibility with existing infrastructure make it a viable option for transitioning towards a greener future. Further advancements in technology and policies supporting bio-diesel production and utilization will play a crucial role in realizing its full potential and achieving a more sustainable energy landscape

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Barman, Ananya, Sangita Bhattacharjee, Trina Dutta, Suparna Pal, Swastika Chatterjee, Prodyut Karmakar i Sangita Mondal. "Biofuel from organic waste- a smart solution to conserve nonrenewable resources – A review". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2286, nr 1 (1.07.2022): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2286/1/012028.

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Abstract Use of bio-fuels, fuels produced from renewable organic material, has the potential to reduce undesirable aspects of fossil fuel production and usage including conventional and greenhouse gas emission. With the continuously depleting fossil fuel reserve, production of biofuel from various feed stocks and processes have shown high potential to provide efficient and cost-effective alternatives, such as, algal photosynthesis, electrochemical carbon fixation, apart from well-developed technologies of production of bio-ethanol and bio diesel. A wide range of bio-fuels including charcoal, bio-oil, renewable diesel, methane and hydrogen can be obtained by pyrolysis of suitable biomass.

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Ratnaparkhe, Supriya, Milind B. Ratnaparkhe, Arun Kumar Jaiswal i Anil Kumar. "Strain Engineering for Improved Bio-Fuel Production". Current Metabolomics 4, nr 1 (2.03.2016): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213235x03666150818222343.

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Balat, Mustafa. "Global Bio-Fuel Processing and Production Trends". Energy Exploration & Exploitation 25, nr 3 (czerwiec 2007): 195–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/014459807782009204.

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Jency Joseph, J., i F. T. Josh. "Production of Bio-Fuel From Plastic Waste". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1362 (listopad 2019): 012103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1362/1/012103.

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Kruse, Olaf, i Peter Lindblad. "Editorial - Photosynthetic microorganisms for bio-fuel production". Journal of Biotechnology 162, nr 1 (listopad 2012): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.09.009.

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Ramesh, S., i Balakrishna Gowda. "Feed stock crop options, crop research and development strategy for bioenergy production in India". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 1, nr 1 (1.06.2009): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v1i1.47.

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Soaring prices of fossil-fuels and environmental pollution associated with their use, has resulted in increased interest in the production and use of bio-energy in India. Government of India has made policies to promote the production and use of bio-fuels which have triggered public and private investments in bio-fuel feed stock crop research and development and bio-fuel production. In this paper, efforts have been made to review and discuss various feed stock crop options and crop research and development interventions required to generate feed-stocksto produce required volume of bio-energy to meet projected demand without compromising food/fodder security and potential benefits of bio-fuels in reducing environment pollution and contributing to the energy security in India.

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Balat, Havva, i Cahide Öz. "Challenges and Opportunities for Bio-Diesel Production in Turkey". Energy Exploration & Exploitation 26, nr 5 (październik 2008): 327–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/014459808787945371.

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This paper will discuss the main challenges and opportunities for sustainable production of bio-diesel fuel in Turkey. Turkey's energy demand has risen rapidly as a result of economic and social development over the past two decades. As in many other countries, Turkey is heavily dependent on fossil fuels to meet its energy requirements. Fossil fuels account for approximately 88% of the country's total primary energy consumption. Turkey imports three major sources of energy, and its dependence on imported fossil fuels is expected to increase even further. At present, Turkey's oil production met only 7% of demand, the rest was imported. In spite of Turkey's heavy dependence on fossil fuels for energy demand, the country has a large potential for development of renewable resources of every type. Bio-fuels can provide an opportunity for Turkey to decrease its dependence on foreign oil, eliminate irregularities in agriculture, create new employment opportunities, decrease rural depopulation, and sustainable energy development. Turkey has a large area of suitable agricultural land for the production of bio-fuel crops. Unfortunately, only about 4–5% of total cultivable area is used for cultivating bio-fuel crops. The vegetable oil sector, which is considered to be one of the strengths of the Turkish agriculture and process industry, could be reformed to meet bio-diesel production demands.

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Ahmad, Syed A. R., Mritunjai Singh i Archana Tiwari. "Review on Bio-hydrogen Production Methods". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, nr 3 (31.03.2022): 610–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40679.

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Abstract: Hydrogen is a promising replacement for fossil fuels as a long-term energy source. It is a clean, recyclable, high efficient nature and environmentally friendly fuel. Hydrogen is now produced mostly using water electrolysis and natural gas steam reformation. However, biological hydrogen production has substantial advantages over thermochemical and electrochemical. Hydrogen can be produced biologically by bio-photolysis (direct and indirect), photo fermentation, dark fermentation. The methods for producing biological hydrogen were studied in this study. Keywords: Biological hydrogen, steam reformation, bio-photolysis, photo-fermentation, dark fermentation

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Gurkan Aydin, Sinem, i Arzu Ozgen. "Bio-Based Jet Fuel Production by Transesterification of Nettle Seeds". Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 13, nr 1 (5.02.2023): 10116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5556.

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The use of petroleum-based fuels in air transport and the increase in oil prices over the years have increased fuel costs. Due to this increase, fuel manufacturers and airline companies have started to search for alternative fuels. Since aviation has an important place in the transportation sector, biomass has the greatest potential in the search for renewable energy sources. Biological substances of plant and animal origin and containing carbon compounds are energy sources, and the fuels produced from them are called biofuels. Biofuels are an important source of sustainable energy, which greatly reduces the greenhouse gas effect, improves weather conditions, reduces dependence on oil produced from fossil fuels, and is important for new markets. The nettle seed oil used in the current study was purchased from the local market and was obtained using the cold-pressing method at low temperatures. After the completion of the transesterification process, a two-phase mixture consisting of biofuel-glycerin was obtained, and the upper phase containing fatty acids was taken and transferred to a clean tube. After the final washing processes, bio jet fuel was obtained by adding chemicals at certain rates. The analysis of the obtained fuel was conducted at the Tubitak Marmara Research Centre. When the report was evaluated and compared with international standards, consistent results were obtained. It can be predicted that sustainable fuels can replace fossil fuels in the future.

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Ghosh, Sadhan Kumar. "Biomass & Bio-waste Supply Chain Sustainability for Bio-energy and Bio-fuel Production". Procedia Environmental Sciences 31 (2016): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2016.02.005.

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Hancsók, Jenő, Péter Baladincz, Tamás Kasza, Sándor Kovács, Csaba Tóth i Zoltán Varga. "Bio Gas Oil Production from Waste Lard". Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/384184.

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Besides the second generations bio fuels, one of the most promising products is the bio gas oil, which is a high iso-paraffin containing fuel, which could be produced by the catalytic hydrogenation of different triglycerides. To broaden the feedstock of the bio gas oil the catalytic hydrogenation of waste lard over sulphided NiMo/Al2O3catalyst, and as the second step, the isomerization of the produced normal paraffin rich mixture (intermediate product) over Pt/SAPO-11 catalyst was investigated. It was found that both the hydrogenation and the decarboxylation/decarbonylation oxygen removing reactions took place but their ratio depended on the process parameters (T= 280–380∘C,P= 20–80 bar, LHSV = 0.75–3.0 h−1and H2/lard ratio: 600 Nm3/m3). In case of the isomerization at the favourable process parameters (T= 360–370∘C,P= 40 –50 bar, LHSV = 1.0 h−1and H2/hydrocarbon ratio: 400 Nm3/m3) mainly mono-branching isoparaffins were obtained. The obtained products are excellent Diesel fuel blending components, which are practically free of heteroatoms.

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Truong, Nhan Thi Thuc, i Apichat Boontawan. "Development of Bio-Jet Fuel Production Using Palm Kernel Oil and Ethanol". International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications 8, nr 3 (czerwiec 2017): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijcea.2017.8.3.648.

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Guo, Zuo Gang, Qian Qian Yin i Shu Rong Wang. "Bio-Oil Emulsion Fuels Production Using Power Ultrasound". Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (październik 2011): 2709–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.2709.

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Ultrasound was adopted to prepare emulsion fuels between bio-oil and 0# diesel. The effects of ultrasound power and treating time on the stability of emulsion fuels were investigated. Excellent stability with stable time as long as 35 hours was obtained under an ultrasound power of 80W and a treating time of 3 minutes. Malvern nanometer particle size analyzer (Zetasizer Nano S90) was used to study the droplet size of emulsion fuels. The emulsion fuels with smaller droplet size had longer stable time. And the droplet size of the optimal emulsion fuel was around 0.4 um.

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Haile, Mebrahtu, Hadgu Hishe i Desta Gebremedhin. "Prosopis juliflora pods mash for biofuel energy production: Implication for managing invasive species through utilization". International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 7, nr 3 (15.12.2018): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.3.205-212.

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Fuels obtained from renewable resources have merited a lot of enthusiasm amid the previous decades mostly because of worries about fossil fuel depletion and climate change. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of Prosopis juliflora pods mash for bio-ethanol production and its hydrolysis solid waste for solid fuel. Parameters such as acid concentration (0.5 - 3 molar), hydrolysis times (5-30 min), fermentation times (6-72h), fermentation temperature (25 OC - 40 OC) and pH (4-8) on bio-ethanol production using Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast were evaluated. Results show that the content of sugar increases as the acid concentration (H2SO4) increased up to 1 molar and decreases beyond 1 molar. A maximum sugar content of 96.13 %v/v was obtained at 1 molar of H2SO4 concentration. The optimum conditions for bio-ethanol production were found at 1 molar of H2SO4 concentration (4.2 %v/v), 48 h fermentation time (5.1%v/v), 20 min hydrolysis time (5.57 %v/v), 30 OC fermentation temperature (5.57 %v/v) and pH 5 (6.01 %v/v). Under these optimum conditions, the maximum yield of bio-ethanol (6.01%v/v) was obtained. Furthermore, the solid waste remaining after bio-ethanol production was evaluated for solid fuel application (18.22 MJ/kg). Hence, the results show that Prosopis juliflora pods mash has the potential to produce bio-ethanol. The preliminary analysis of solid waste after hydrolysis suggests the possibility to use it as a solid fuel, implying its potential for alleviating major disposal problems.Article History: Received March 24th 2018 ; Received in revised form September 15th 2018; Accepted October 1st 2018; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Haile, M., Hishe, H. and Gebremedhin, D. (2018) Prosopis juliflora Pods Mash for Biofuel Energy Production: Implication for Managing Invasive Species through Utilization. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 7(3), 205-212.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.3.205-212

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Prasetiawan, H., Hadiyanto, D. S. Fardhyanti, W. Fatriasari, A. Chafidz, A. G. Rakasiwi, Y. V. Kaja, N. F. Rahma i I. R. Laili. "Bio Oil Production from Multi-Feed Stock Biomass Waste and The Upgrading Process for Quality Improvement - Mini Review". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1203, nr 1 (1.06.2023): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1203/1/012040.

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Abstract Bio-oil is an environmentally friendly liquid fuel produced from the condensation of vapor product of pyrolysis process. Bio-oil has higher calorific value compared to other oxygenated fuels (such as methanol), but its calorific value is still lower than diesel and other light fuel oils. Bio-oil can be used directly as fuel; however, it has several characteristics that adversely affect high-tech machines. Bio-oil is corrosive since it has a high acidity level, unstable at room temperature due to the high content of oxygenate compounds and has a low higher heating value (HHV) due to its high water content. Therefore, an upgrading process is needed to improve the quality before it can be further processed into liquid fuel and chemicals. Meanwhile, the raw material for bio-oil also varies, not only using single feedstock but also using mixed feedstock. However, studies on mixed bio-oil raw materials are still very limited. Thus, it is possible to study the process of producing bio-oil from a mixture of biomass waste using the catalytic pyrolysis method and improve the quality of bio-oil through the collection of phenolic compounds using the extraction process.

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El-Maghraby, Rehab M. "A Study on Bio-Diesel and Jet Fuel Blending for the Production of Renewable Aviation Fuel". Materials Science Forum 1008 (sierpień 2020): 231–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1008.231.

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Aviation industry is considered one of the contributors to atmospheric CO2emissions. It is forced to cut off carbon dioxide emission starting 2020. Current trends in bio-jet production involve mega projects with million dollars of investments. In this study, bio-jet fuel production by blending bio-diesel with traditional jet fuel at different concentrations of bio-diesel (5, 10, 15, 20 vol. %) was investigated. This blending technique will reduce bio-jet production cost compared to other bio-jet techniques. Bio-diesel was originally produced by the transesterification of non-edible vegetable oil (renewable sources), so, its blend with jet fuel will has a reduced carbon foot print. The blend was tested to ensure that the end product will meet the ASTM D1655 international specifications for Jet A-1 and Jet A and can be used in aircrafts.Available data on biodiesel blending with jet fuel in the literature is not consistent, there are many contradictory results. Hence, more investigations are required using locally available feedstocks. The main physicochemical properties for Jet A-1 and Jet A according to ASTM D1655 were tested to check if the blend will be compatible with existing turbojet engine systems. Different tests were conducted; vacuum distillation, smoke point, kinematic viscosity, density, flash point, total acidity and freezing point. In addition, heating value of the blend was calculated. The result was then compared with calculated value using blending indices available in the literature. Blending indices were able to predict the laboratory measured specifications for the studied blends.It was found that only 5% bio-diesel- 95% jet fuel blend (B5) meets ASTM standard for Jet A. Hence, biodiesel can be safely used as a blend with fossil-based jet for a concentration of up to 5% without any change in the ASTM specifications. Freezing point is the most important constrain for this blending technique. Higher blends of biodiesel will cause the bio-jet blend to fail ASTM specifications. In general, blending technique will reduce the cost impact that may have been incurred due to change in infrastructure when using other production techniques.

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Kusworo, Tutuk Djoko, Bayu Aji Pratama i Dhea Putri Safira. "Optimization of Bio-oil Production from Empty Palm Fruit Bunches by Pyrolysis using Response Surface Methodology". Reaktor 20, nr 1 (13.03.2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.20.1.1-9.

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The need for fuel oil continues to increase in line with the increasing number of human populations and the growth rate of dependence on fuel oil. Bio-oil is a condensed-liquid mixture that results from the thermal derivation of biomass containing hemicellulose, lignin, and cellulose. This research developed an optimization of the operation condition of bio-oil from empty palm fruit bunches (OPEFB) using a modified pyrolysis reactor. The temperature and mass of empty palm fruit bunches were the two parameters considered in this study. Optimization was carried out on process parameters using the surface response methodology (RSM) and variance analysis (ANOVA). The significance of the different parameters and the effect of the relationship between parameters on the bio-oil yield is determined using a full factorial central composite design. The optimal operation condition of pyrolysis was found to be 570.71 oC, and the mass of empty palm fruit bunch 420.71 gr. Predictions from the optimum variable of operating conditions produce a bio-oil yield of 5.58%. The actual bio-oil yield on the optimum condition that was be validated is 5.6 %. The chemical composition of bio-oil obtained was evaluated by GCMS to ensure its characterization as a fuel.Keywords: Empty palm fruit bunches, Bio-oil, Pyrolysis, Response Surface Methodology, Optimization

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Bai, Yuchen, Huiya Feng, Nan Liu i Xuebing Zhao. "Biomass-Derived 2,3-Butanediol and Its Application in Biofuels Production". Energies 16, nr 15 (4.08.2023): 5802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16155802.

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2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) is an important biomass-derived platform chemical with various applications. Currently, the biological conversion of renewable carbon sources with bacteria or yeasts is a sustainable way to produce 2,3-BDO. Various carbon sources including glucose, glycerol, molasses and lignocellulose hydrolysate have been used for 2,3-BDO production, and the 2,3-BDO concentration in the fermentation broth can be higher than 150 g/L by optimizing the operating parameters with fed-batch operations. Various derivatives can be produced from 2,3-BDO, including isobutyraldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), diacetyl, etc.; among these, there is a large market demand for MEK and 1,3-butadiene each year. Some of the derivatives can be used as fuel additives or to produce biofuels. Generally, there are three ways to produce hydrocarbon fuels from 2,3-BDO, which are via the steps of dehydration, carbon chain extension, and hydrogenation (or hydrodeoxygenation), with MEK or 1,3-butadiene as the intermediates. C8–C16 alkanes can be produced by these routes, which can be potentially used as bio-jet fuels. This review article focuses on the microbial production of 2,3-BDO, the biomass feedstock used for fermentation, the recovery of 2,3-BDO from the fermentation broth as well as the downstream derivative products and their potential application in bio-jet fuel production. It was concluded that 2,3-BDO is a promising biomass-derived product, but its production and application in the biofuel field is still facing the problem of high production cost. Future work is recommended to develop more efficient processes to increase the 2,3-BDO yield and more advanced technologies to produce hydrocarbon fuels.

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Ericsson, Karin. "Potential for the Integrated Production of Biojet Fuel in Swedish Plant Infrastructures". Energies 14, nr 20 (12.10.2021): 6531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206531.

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Replacing fossil jet fuel with biojet fuel is an important step towards reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from aviation. To this end, Sweden has adopted a GHG mandate on jet fuel, complementing those on petrol and diesel. The GHG mandate on jet fuel requires a gradual reduction in the fuel’s GHG emissions to up to 27% by 2030. This paper estimates the potential production of biojet fuel in Sweden for six integrated production pathways and analyzes what they entail with regard to net biomass input and the amount of hydrogen required for upgrading to fuel quality. Integrated production of biofuel intermediates from forestry residues and by-products at combined heat and power plants as well as at the forest industry, followed by upgrading to biojet fuel and other transportation fuels at a petroleum refinery, was assumed in all the pathways. The potential output of bio-based transportation fuels was estimated to 90 PJ/y, including 22 PJ/y of biojet fuel. The results indicate that it will be possible to meet the Swedish GHG mandate for jet fuel for 2030, although it will be difficult to simultaneously achieve the GHG mandates for road transportation fuels. This highlights the importance of pursuing complementary strategies for bio-based fuels.

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Dominguez Andrade, Juan Manuel. "Bio-Fuel Market: Hypothetical Scenarios". Revista de Economía del Caribe, nr 09 (29.06.2022): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/ecoca.09.125.213.

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This paper employs the Ivaldi-Vibes algorithm to model the U.S. gasoline market under the hypothetical scenario in which the ethanol production subsidies were phased out from 1995- 2005. Under this hypothetical situation, the individuals were not only willing to switch their consumption decision, but they were also willing to consider alternative modes of transportation including public transportation, biking or walking. As a result, the outside alternative market share increased about 4% and 6% and the conventional gasoline market shares increased while the ethanol blends experienced decreases across all petroleum districts. This methodology also permitted simulating the impact of this elimination on the gasoline prices. The conventional gasoline prices increased in a range between 0.12 and 1.34 percent. Finally, since different types of oxygenates are blended with the regular gasoline to compliance the EPA regulations, the reduction in the reformulated gasoline market shares implied a trade off in the demand for these oxygenates whose variation rates averaged 55.14% for the ethanol-MTBE ratio.

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Shuaibu Alani Balogun, Ihwan Ghazali, Abdullahi Tanko Mohammed, Dhany Hermansyah, Ayu Amanah i Mega Tri Kurnia. "Renewable Aviation Fuel: Review of Bio-jet Fuel for Aviation Industry". Engineering Science Letter 1, nr 01 (3.08.2022): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.56741/esl.v1i01.59.

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The search for environmentally sound, socially responsible, and economically viable renewable fuel generation methods is a major global concern. A type of aviation fuel called jet fuel or often spelled avtur is intended for use in aeroplanes with turbine (gas) engines. Jet fuel appears colourless. The fuels Jet A and Jet A-1 are the most frequently used ones in commercial aviation sector. Other than Jet B, which is utilised for its enhanced cold-weather operation, there are no other jet fuels that are frequently used in gas-turbine-engine in the aviation industry. Renewable aviation fuel or known as bio-jet fuels represent a sizable sector for the consumption of fossil fuels. The production of bioethanol and biodiesel for piston engine vehicles in internal combustion engines has already shown that biofuel can play a significant role in the development of sustainable renewable aviation jet fuel. Here, we also provide a book review on the potential bio-jet fuel as a renewable aviation jet fuel.

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Uzun, Başak Burcu, Esin Apaydin-Varol, Funda Ateş, Nurgül Özbay i Ayşe Eren Pütün. "Synthetic fuel production from tea waste: Characterisation of bio-oil and bio-char". Fuel 89, nr 1 (styczeń 2010): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2009.08.040.

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Şensöz, Sevgi, i İlke Kaynar. "Bio-oil production from soybean (Glycine max L.); fuel properties of Bio-oil". Industrial Crops and Products 23, nr 1 (styczeń 2006): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2005.04.005.

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Makisha, Nikolay, i Igor Gulshin. "Solid bio-fuel production at Moscow wastewater treatment plant". E3S Web of Conferences 207 (2020): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020702002.

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The article has an aim to describe experience of Moscow in the field of solid bio-fuel production at wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Brief assessment of solid biofuel production technology at biological treatment facilities of domestic and mixed sewage (wastewater sludge as a fuel resource) shows its significant potential from the economic, environmental and social points of view that will ensure the sustainable development of the area (cities, regions) of application. Solid biofuel production is a technological stage of sludge treatment at wastewater treatment plants aimed at reducing the sludge mass and changing their physical and mechanical properties for its further use at as a fuel component on condensing and thermal power plants or as alternative fuel for cement production and energy supplements for burning of solid domestic waste. The technology of solid biofuel production is based on removing moisture of wastewater sludge in drying machines. The solid fuel facilities capacity lies in the range of 1 to 130 tons per day, when the entire amount sludge is exposed to drying (effluent humidity of sludge is 10%), or 1 to 400 tons per day when the sludge is partially dried and afterwards is mixed with the initial sludge (effluent humidity of sludge is 40%).

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Abdulkareem, A. S., J. O. Odigure i M. B. Kuranga. "Production and Characterization of Bio-fuel from Coconut Oil". Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 32, nr 5 (4.01.2010): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567030802612002.

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Sourie, J. C., i S. Rozakis. "Bio-fuel production system in France: an Economic Analysis". Biomass and Bioenergy 20, nr 6 (czerwiec 2001): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0961-9534(01)00007-1.

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Onay, Melih, Meral Yücel i Hüseyin Avni Öktem. "Bio-fuel production from olive oil by transesterification reactions". New Biotechnology 29 (wrzesień 2012): S43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2012.08.118.

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Ohno, Atsushi, Shinichi Hara, Youji Nitta, Fumitaka Shiotsu, Naomi Asagi i Takashi Homma. "Efficient Use of the Residue of Bio-Fuel Production". JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 67, nr 4 (2013): 364–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.67.364.

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Wei, Hongjian, Wenzhi Liu, Xinyu Chen, Qing Yang, Jiashuo Li i Hanping Chen. "Renewable bio-jet fuel production for aviation: A review". Fuel 254 (październik 2019): 115599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.06.007.

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Vourdoubas, John, i Vasiliki K. Skoulou. "Possibilities of Upgrading Solid Underutilized Lingo-cellulosic Feedstock (Carob Pods) to Liquid Bio-fuel: Bio-ethanol Production and Electricity Generation in Fuel Cells - A Critical Appraisal of the Required Processes". Studies in Engineering and Technology 4, nr 1 (20.01.2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/set.v4i1.2170.

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The exploitation of rich in sugars lingo-cellulosic residue of carob pods for bio-ethanol and bio-electricity generation has been investigated. The process could take place in two (2) or three (3) stages including: a) bio-ethanol production originated from carob pods, b) direct exploitation of bio-ethanol to fuel cells for electricity generation, and/or c) steam reforming of ethanol for hydrogen production and exploitation of the produced hydrogen in fuel cells for electricity generation. Surveying the scientific literature it has been found that the production of bio-ethanol from carob pods and electricity fed to the ethanol fuel cells for hydrogen production do not present any technological difficulties. The economic viability of bio-ethanol production from carob pods has not yet been proved and thus commercial plants do not yet exist. The use, however, of direct fed ethanol fuel cells and steam reforming of ethanol for hydrogen production are promising processes which require, however, further research and development (R&D) before reaching demonstration and possibly a commercial scale. Therefore the realization of power generation from carob pods requires initially the investigation and indication of the appropriate solution of various technological problems. This should be done in a way that the whole integrated process would be cost effective. In addition since the carob tree grows in marginal and partly desertified areas mainly around the Mediterranean region, the use of carob’s fruit for power generation via upgrading of its waste by biochemical and electrochemical processes will partly replace fossil fuels generated electricity and will promote sustainability.

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Soucek, Ivan, i Ozren Ocic. "Long-term sustainability of bio-components production". Chemical Industry 66, nr 2 (2012): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind110718078s.

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Biofuels play an increasingly important role in motor fuel market. The list of biofuels (bio-components) in accordance with EU legislations contains a number of substances not widely used in the market. Traditionally these include: fatty acid methyl esters (FAME, in the Czech Republic methyl ether of rape seed oil) and bioethanol (also ethyl terc. buthyl ether ETBE, based on bioethanol). The availability and possible utilizations of bio-component fuels in Czech Republic and Serbia are discussed. Additional attention is paid on the identification of the possibilities to improve effectiveness of rape seeds cultivation and utilization of by-products from FAME production (utilization of sew, rape-meal and glycerol) which will allow fulfilment of the sustainability criteria for the first generation biofuels. The new approaches on renewable co-processing are commented. The concept of 3E (emissions, energy demand, and economics) is introduced specifying three main attributes for effective production of FAME production in accordance with legal compliances. Bio-components price change is analyzed in comparison to the price of motor fuels, identifying possible (speculative) crude price break-even point at the level of 149-176 USD/bbl at which point bio-fuels would become economically cost effective for the use by refiners.

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Zhang, Lin Nan, Jin Long Wang, Bing Hui Xu i Patricia Flatt. "Production of Bio-Fuels by Enzyme-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Cellulose". Key Engineering Materials 519 (lipiec 2012): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.519.100.

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Converting biomass into fuel is becoming increasingly important owing to the desirability of finding substitutes for fossil fuels and to the need to address the problem of global warming. Cellulose, one of the main constituents of biomass, is the most abundant bio-renewable material on the planet. Considerable effort has been devoted to the hydrolysis of cellulose in order to convert it into fuel. In this paper, both two-dimensional electrode electrochemical degradation of cellulose and the use of biological degradation of cellulose were investigated, which provides a detailed study of cellulose activity and stability in various ionic liquids. In the two-dimensional electrode reaction system, after 5 hours at the voltage of 8 V under the conditions of electrolysis, the degradation of cellulose reached 43.7%, BOD5/COD also significantly improved with biological treatment to the combination of electrochemical techniques. As the result, HEMA is a promising, novel, green medium for performing cellulose hydrolysis reactions to convert biomass into bio-fuels.

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Ovsyannikova, Ekaterina, Andrea Kruse i Gero C. Becker. "Feedstock-Dependent Phosphate Recovery in a Pilot-Scale Hydrothermal Liquefaction Bio-Crude Production". Energies 13, nr 2 (13.01.2020): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13020379.

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Microalgae (Spirulina) and primary sewage sludge are considerable feedstocks for future fuel-producing biorefinery. These feedstocks have either a high fuel production potential (algae) or a particularly high appearance as waste (sludge). Both feedstocks bring high loads of nutrients (P, N) that must be addressed in sound biorefinery concepts that primarily target specific hydrocarbons, such as liquid fuels. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), which produces bio-crude oil that is ready for catalytic upgrading (e.g., for jet fuel), is a useful starting point for such an approach. As technology advances from small-scale batches to pilot-scale continuous operations, the aspect of nutrient recovery must be reconsidered. This research presents a full analysis of relevant nutrient flows between the product phases of HTL for the two aforementioned feedstocks on the basis of pilot-scale data. From a partial experimentally derived mass balance, initial strategies for recovering the most relevant nutrients (P, N) were developed and proofed in laboratory-scale. The experimental and theoretical data from the pilot and laboratory scales are combined to present the proof of concept and provide the first mass balances of an HTL-based biorefinery modular operation for producing fertilizer (struvite) as a value-added product.

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Sallai, László. "Results of co-fermentation experiments in half industrial size". Review on Agriculture and Rural Development 3, nr 2 (1.01.2014): 454–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/rard.2014.2.454-458.

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The research work presented proposes the study of the impact for the qualitative and the quantitative property of the biogas production by the co-fermentation of the bio-fuel industrial by-products and the dangerous liquid pig manure of the concentrated stock of the big pig farms. The energetic utilization of these materials means more profitable technology for the bio-fuel industry with a longer product course, bigger income for the agricultural enterprises selling the electrical energy, the heat energy, getting support for the demolition of the dangerous materials, savings in the replacement of the plant nutrition with the utilization of the bio-manure, increases the performance of the plant production, making harmless the dung which means a big environmental load. Because of the profitability of bio-energy utilization depends on the local conditions it is necessary to do experiments to try the available composition of organic wastes in the ratio of the formation in advance. We have to investigate the different ways of technology and recipe of basic and by-products to increase the production.

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Yong, P., I. P. Mikheenko i Lynne E. Macaskie. "A Novel Fuel Cell Catalyst for Clean Energy Production Based on a Bionanocatalyst". Advanced Materials Research 20-21 (lipiec 2007): 655–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.20-21.655.

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Nano-scale palladium was bio-manufactured via enzymatically-mediated deposition of Pd(II) from solution. The bio-accumulated metal palladium crystals were processed and applied onto carbon paper and tested as anodes in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell for power production. Up to 85% and 31% of the maximum power generation was achieved by Bio-Pd catalysts made using two strains of bacteria, compared to commercial fuel cell grade Pt catalyst. Therefore, it is feasible to use bio-synthesized catalysts in fuel cells for electricity production.

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Shvets, Ludmila. "DESIGN OF A TECHNOLOGICAL FUEL PELLET PRODUCTION LINE". Vibrations in engineering and technology, nr 2(97) (27.08.2020): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2306-8744-2020-2-16.

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In the conditions of the fuel crisis, an active search began for alternative energy sources in general, and alternative fuel in particular. Among the alternative sources, the use of biofuel for generating thermal and electric energy is currently the most relevant. Biological sources become the material for its production and, basically, these are wastes from agriculture, forestry and the woodworking industry. An important advantage of the use of bio-fuel is also an environmental factor, because its use significantly reduces environmental pollution, compared with the use of mineral fuels. According to their characteristics, fuel pellets compete with natural gas, but in environmental terms they are ahead of all other types of fuel to the same extent as in price terms. The relevance of the use of fuel pellets shows an increase in the use of wood and agricultural waste in industrial production of thermal energy in Europe, the Scandinavian countries and North America by 15% annually. Granules are a real alternative to coal and oil. Since, in terms of their heat transfer characteristics, they are not inferior to coal, and their environmental parameters are generally beyond competition. The heat of combustion of the granules is close to coal, but when they are burned, the CO2 emission is 10-50 times lower, and the ash formation is 15-20 times. So bio-fuel experts confidently claim that granules are a full substitute for coal. The manufacture of wood pellets occurs without chemical fixers under high pressure. It is worth noting that briquettes from agricultural waste are more ash-rich (for example, from sunflower husk - about 7%, from peat - from 2 to 15%) than wood pellets (0.3-3%) and their use for small briquettes boilers undesirable. The article substantiates the introduction of technologies for the processing of agricultural by-products into fuel granules. A developed technological line for the manufacture of granules and a design for chopping wood are proposed.

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Borovko, Lilija, i Līga Ruža. "THE IMPACT OF CONCENTRATION OF REGIONAL CONDITIONS AND PRODUCTION RESOURCES ON THE SOWING PRODUCTIVITY". Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (3.08.2015): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2009vol1.1090.

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The implementation of long-termed Latvia’s development envisages the bio-fuel producing. It has been stated: the bio-fuel producing must use, in the first place, the agricultural resources grown within Latvia's territory. Among the main bio-fuel producing resources ranks rapeseed, and in Latvia developed industrial rapeseed producing connected with the concentration of agricultural resources, and the regional specialization. Especially actual is the research of the regional conditions and the impact of the concentration of production resources on the productivity of rape sowings. Our research showed that the most important rapeseed producers are the big enterprises concentrating the three fourths of the total rape sowings. One fifth of the total rapeseed sowings take medium-make farms, nevertheless the specific weight of the total rapeseed yield within this group is for one third lower than within the big enterprise group. Very few smaller farms grow rape, and small-scale farms don't grow it at all. Rapeseed productivity remarkably differs form one region to the other, and is determined not by natural factors (soil, climate etc.) alone, but, to a great extent, by the resources (manure, plant protection means) used per one territory unit as well.

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Kabeyi, Moses Jeremiah Barasa, i Oludolapo Akanni Olanrewaju. "Biogas Production and Applications in the Sustainable Energy Transition". Journal of Energy 2022 (9.07.2022): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8750221.

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Biogas is competitive, viable, and generally a sustainable energy resource due to abundant supply of cheap feedstocks and availability of a wide range of biogas applications in heating, power generation, fuel, and raw materials for further processing and production of sustainable chemicals including hydrogen, and carbon dioxide and biofuels. The capacity of biogas based power has been growing rapidly for the past decade with global biogas based electricity generation capacity increasing from 65 GW in 2010 to 120 GW in 2019 representing a 90% growth. This study presents the pathways for use of biogas in the energy transition by application in power generation and production of fuels. Diesel engines, petrol or gasoline engines, turbines, microturbines, and Stirling engines offer feasible options for biogas to electricity production as prme movers. Biogas fuel can be used in both spark ignition (petrol) and compression ignition engines (diesel) with varying degrees of modifications on conventional internal combustion engines. In internal combustion engines, the dual-fuel mode can be used with little or no modification compared to full engine conversion to gas engines which may require major modifications. Biogas can also be used in fuel cells for direct conversion to electricity and raw material for hydrogen and transport fuel production which is a significant pathway to sustainable energy development. Enriched biogas or biomethane can be containerized or injected to gas supply mains for use as renewable natural gas. Biogas can be used directly for cooking and lighting as well as for power generation and for production of Fischer-Tropsch (FT) fuels. Upgraded biogas/biomethane which can also be used to process methanol fuel. Compressed biogas (CBG) and liquid biogas (LBG) can be reversibly made from biomethane for various direct and indirect applications as fuels for transport and power generation. Biogas can be used in processes like combined heat and power generation from biogas (CHP), trigeneration, and compression to Bio-CNG and bio-LPG for cleaned biogas/biomethane. Fuels are manufactured from biogas by cleaning, and purification before reforming to syngas, and partial oxidation to produce methanol which can be used to make gasoline. Syngas is used in production of alcohols, jet fuels, diesel, and gasoline through the Fischer-Tropsch process.

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Joniarta, I. Wayan, i Muhamad Renaldi Setiawan. "PERBANDINGAN EFISIENSI BIAYA PRODUKSI LISTRIK PER KWH ANTARA PENGGUNAAN B30 (BIO DIESEL+HSDF) DAN MFO". Energy, Materials and Product Design 1, nr 1 (31.05.2022): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/empd.v1i1.632.

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Production cost analysis research was conducted to determine the comparison of production costs produced by fuel types B30 (Bio Diesel+HSDF) and MFO . So that the efficiency of the fuel can be known. Data on usage is taken from the daily report on the operation of the plant on December 31, 2021 at the Ampenan ULPLTD. From the data analysis, it was found that MFO fuel is more efficient than B30 (Bio Diesel+HSDF) fuel. Because to produce 1 kWh using B30 (Bio Diesel+HSDF) fuel requires a production cost of Rp. 4,144.29,- /kWh, while for 1 kWh MFO requires a production cost of Rp. 2,189,655,-/kWh. And specific Fuel Consumption ( SFC ) the fuel required by DO (B30+HSDF) fuel is 0.3166 Ltr/kWh producing a power of 1,143 kWh which is higher than the Specific Fuel Consumption at MFO of 0.18715 Ltr/kWh producing a power of 4974,785 kWh.

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Pramanik, Atreyi, Aashna Sinha, Kundan Kumar Chaubey, Sujata Hariharan, Deen Dayal, Rakesh Kumar Bachheti, Archana Bachheti i Anuj K. Chandel. "Second-Generation Bio-Fuels: Strategies for Employing Degraded Land for Climate Change Mitigation Meeting United Nation-Sustainable Development Goals". Sustainability 15, nr 9 (5.05.2023): 7578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15097578.

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Increased Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions from both natural and man-made systems contribute to climate change. In addition to reducing the use of crude petroleum’s derived fuels, and increasing tree-planting efforts and sustainable practices, air pollution can be minimized through phytoremediation. Bio-fuel from crops grown on marginal land can sustainably address climate change, global warming, and geopolitical issues. There are numerous methods for producing renewable energy from both organic and inorganic environmental resources (sunlight, air, water, tides, waves, and convective energy), and numerous technologies for doing the same with biomass with different properties and derived from different sources (food industry, agriculture, forestry). However, the production of bio-fuels is challenging and contentious in many parts of the world since it competes for soil with the growth of crops and may be harmful to the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to use wildlife management techniques to provide sustainable bio-energy while maintaining or even improving essential ecosystem processes. The second generation of bio-fuels is viewed as a solution to the serious issue. Agricultural lignocellulosic waste is the primary source of second-generation bio-fuel, possibly the bio-fuel of the future. Sustainable practices to grow biomass, followed by their holistic conversion into ethanol with desired yield and productivity, are the key concerns for employing renewable energy mix successfully. In this paper, we analyze the various types of bio-fuels, their sources, and their production and impact on sustainability.

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Ratnaparkhe, Supriya, i Milind B. Ratnaparkhe. "Advances in Strain Engineering for Improved Bio-fuel Production- a Perspective". Current Metabolomics and Systems Biology 7, nr 1 (6.09.2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213235x07999190528085552.

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Bio-fuels are ecologically sustainable alternates of fossil fuel and have attracted interest of research community in the last few decades. Microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and microalgae have important roles to play at various steps of bio-fuel production. And therefore several efforts such as genetic engineering have been made to improve the performance of these microbes to achieve the desired results. Metabolic engineering of organisms has benefitted immensely from the novel tools and technologies that have recently been developed. Microorganisms have the advantage of smaller and less complex genome and hence are best suitable for genetic manipulations. In this perspective, we briefly review a few interesting studies which represent some recent advances in the field of metabolic engineering of microbes.

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Saha, Pradip, A. C. Baishnab, F. Alam, M. R. Khan i A. Islam. "Production of Bio-fuel (Bio-ethanol) from Biomass (Pteris) by Fermentation Process with Yeast". Procedia Engineering 90 (2014): 504–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.11.764.

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Sharma, Poonam, i Nivedita Sharma. "Industrial and Biotechnological Applications of Algae: A Review". Journal of Advances in Plant Biology 1, nr 1 (10.08.2017): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2638-4469.japb-17-1534.

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Algae are a class of photosynthetic organisms found in both marine and freshwaters habitats. As these organisms have a short doubling time, they are considered among fastest growing creatures. They have different pathways to fix atmospheric carbon dioxide and to efficiently utilize the nutrients to convert it into biomass. In few years, a focus has been shifted towards these organisms due to their food and fuel production capability. In fuel industry algae biofuels have been emerged as a clean, nature friendly, cost effective solution to other fuels. Algae fuels are categorized into bio-ethanol, biogas, bio-hydrogen, biodiesel and bio-oil. Algae as a food have been explored for different applications as in production of single cell proteins, pigments, bioactive substances, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. The present review has been prepared to throw a light on enormous applications of algae as food and fuel and also to provide some information about different commercially available algae products.

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Хазанов, Grigoriy Khazanov, Курин, Valeriy Kurin, Апарушкина i Margarita Aparushkina. "Bio-Energetics and Utilization of Greenhouse Gases". Safety in Technosphere 3, nr 3 (8.07.2014): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/4938.

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The paper considers environmental problems of hydrocarbon fuel usage. The assessment of the area necessary for cultivation of algae biomass and its further use as solid fuel at thermal power plant has been carried out. Expediency of production of microalgae biomass in the process of photosynthesisas raw material for biofuel production is revealed.

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KARAMPUDI, Sriharsha, i Kamal CHOWDHURY. "Effect of Media on Algae Growth for Bio-Fuel Production". Notulae Scientia Biologicae 3, nr 3 (25.08.2011): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb336130.

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López Agüera, A., M. Vázquez García, V. Gándara Villadóniga i Iago Rodríguez Cabo. "Microalgae Zero Energy Farm for Bio fuel Production in Galicia". Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 1, nr 08 (kwiecień 2010): 741–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj08.458.

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Huang, Michael, Chia-Chi Chang, Min-Hao Yuan, Ching-Yuan Chang, Chao-Hsiung Wu, Je-Lueng Shie, Yen-Hau Chen i in. "Production of Torrefied Solid Bio-Fuel from Pulp Industry Waste". Energies 10, nr 7 (3.07.2017): 910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en10070910.

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Aoki, Katsuhiro, Shiro Ikeda, Junji Saito i Takashi Nakane. "Membrane Dehydration Technology for Commercial Bio Ethanol Production for Fuel". MEMBRANE 32, nr 4 (2007): 234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5360/membrane.32.234.

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