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Chaudhary, H., i J. S. Panwar. "Dairy cooperative societies-Perceptions of milk producer members". Social Change 34, nr 3 (wrzesień 2004): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004908570403400304.
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Aparna, S. U., i M. Asokhan. "Impact Analysis of Coconut Producer Societies in Kerala State". International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 9, nr 4 (10.04.2020): 1201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.904.142.
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Michel, Christian. "End Of The Warriors". New Perspectives on Political Economy 1, nr 1 (25.10.2005): 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.62374/8m9s8x23.
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A primitive society is characterised by the absence of a state. As soon as the state emerges, human societies become divided into castes. Anthropologist Georges Dumézil discerned three such castes in all Indo-European societies: priests, warriors and producers. This paper seeks to understand why the producer caste was always considered the lowest of the three in terms of prestige, despite being the most numerous and arguably the most useful. Producers embody the values of life and nature; warriors are on the side of culture; they must resist the natural urge to flee in the face of mortal danger. The producer acts out of self-interest, the warrior does what is right. The debt owed by society to those who accept to lay their lives for its protection is infinite. It cannot be repaid in the producers’ currency (money), but only in terms of prestige and power. But in accomplishing their mission, warriors must resort to all the methods forbidden to producers, killing, deceiving, coercing. Warriors were kept outside of society, even physically, in barracks and camps, so that their values would not infect the producer's caste, nor would the bourgeois values of comfort, family life, and legitimate fear of death diminish the warriors’ morale. The state bureaucracy today has usurped the debt owed by society to its warriors. Albeit bureaucrats are hardly at risk of their lives, they claim to have become our protectors (against unemployment, illness, old age. . .) and they have found new wars to wage against drugs, poverty, crime and terror. They claim the moral high ground over producers, continuing the division of society into castes that primitives resisted for so long.
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Sharma, Dr Renu. "Farm Producers Organizations a collectiveness Approach, Study & Review of Scheme". International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 04, nr 04 (2022): 517–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2022.v04i04.059.
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Small and marginal farmers always face problem in production and income in absence of economy of scale. Farmers and governments always tried to get the advantage of collectiveness to get the both ended advantage of economy of scale. Cooperative societies of farmers were one of the mitigation techniques. SHG, JLG, farmers club etc are the efforts to achieve the economy of scale in production and marketing but distress of the farmers proved all efforts incomplete. In the year 2002 a special structure comprising the characteristics of cooperatives society and company was designed for original farm producers in the form and style of FPOs (farm producer organizations) managed and run by Cluster based Business organization (CBBO).The ownership of the PO (Producer organization) is with its members it is an organization of the producers for the producers. FPO also known as farmers company (FPC) is an legal entity by primary producers. An FPO can be a producer company, a cooperative society or any other form. The small farmers Agri-business consortium (SFAC) developed by Government of India to increase the Income of small and marginal farmers. Central Sector Scheme of “Formation and Promotion of 10,000 Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs)” is the attempt to accelerate the formation of FPO, Govt. assistance at all level of formation and operation of FPO, hand holding support for five year budget allocation GOI budget 2020-21. The study will evaluate and asses the scheme and role to increase the farm producers’ income by way of FPO on account of budget allocation and implementation of central scheme.
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Kaviraj, Gauns Dessai, Sanjay Kumar i A. K. Rai. "A Study of Marketing of Cashew Nut in South Goa District of Goa, India". International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, nr 18 (5.08.2023): 1660–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i183441.
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A marketing of cashewnut was studied in South Goa district of Goa and have been presented in the form of tabular analysis. A multi-stage stratified sampling procedure was adopted to select marketing functionaries such as primary and secondary market. The study regarding market functionaries was considered to collect data regarding marketing cost and margins and to identify different marketing channels. With the help of this data price spread, producer share in consumer’s rupee and marketing efficiency was calculated. The three different channels were identified i.e., Channel I (Producer-Cooperative societies- Processor-Wholesaler-Retailer), Channel II (Producer-Village Trader-Processor-wholesaler-retailer) and Channel III (Producer-Processor-Wholesaler-Retailer). The Channel III was found to be most efficient marketing channel and the Channel II was found more popular in marketing of cashewnut.
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Gong, Weimin, Zhibin Zhang, Long Chen, Xiaomin Ma, Xuewei Zhao i Yan Guo. "Evolution of an Urban Network in the Yellow River Basin Based on Producer Services". Complexity 2022 (11.04.2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3667745.
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From the perspective of the producer services, a chain network model describes the evolution of an urban network in the Yellow River Basin and its mechanisms. The findings indicate the following phenomena: the spread of urban network connections in the basin and the proportional structure of cities at all levels show the characteristics of “flattening.” The network relationship within the basin has a clear spatial and hierarchical orientation, presenting a “core-periphery” network structure and a “polarisation to trickle down” development model. The spatial organisation of the urban network societies in the river basin is remarkable. The closeness of the societies shows a trend at first decreasing and then increasing. The boundaries of the associations are consistent with the provincial administrative boundaries. The formation and evolution of the urban network in the basin have passed through the initial agglomeration stage, the hierarchical network formation stage, and the hierarchical network consolidation stage. From the perspective of influence mechanisms, proximity mechanisms, socio-economic development, and advances in communication technology have significantly impacted the formation of the urban network structure in the Basin, while the level of science and technology education and the degree of openness to the outside world have had less influence on the promotion of network connections between cities.
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MUKHERJEE, ANIRBAN, PREMLATA SINGH, MRINMOY RAY, SATYAPRIYA SATYAPRIYA i RAJARSHI ROY BURMAN. "Enhancing farmers income through farmers' producers companies in India: Status and roadmap". Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 88, nr 8 (21.08.2018): 1151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v88i8.82441.
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There is a growing optimism that the farmers' organizations can act as a potential driving force for enhancing farmers' income. India has witnessed a positive growth of producer organizations in terms of types of organization, numbers and members. The Producer Company is a special case of producer organization that is registered under Section IXA of the Companies Act, 1956. A need was felt at that time to have an independent farmers’ organization which enables incorporation of producers into such an institution like the companies which will be controlled by them, having welfare and business outlook at a time while not compromising the sustainability issues. That creates the milieu for the genesis of Farmers’ Producer Company (FPC) in India. The FPCs are fundamentally farmer-owned and farmer-governed micro-enterprises which can be considered as hybrids between cooperative societies and private companies. The way of participation, membership and organization is similar to that of a cooperative, while the incorporation into corporate law allows greater flexibility and professionalism in their business actions. Till date 1048 FPCs are registered in India. In this article attempt has been made to review the issues of FPC, current status and future prospects. Forecasting the growth of FPC has been done up to the year 2020 utilizing Grey Model. Emphasis has been given to critically analyse the status, prospects and potentials with future outlook of 2020 concluding with strategies and policy needs.
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Csizmady, Adrienne, Bernadett Csurgó, Szabina Kerényi, András Balázs, Veronika Kocsis i Botond Palaczki. "Young Farmers’ Perceptions of Sustainability in a Wine Region in Hungary". Land 10, nr 8 (2.08.2021): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10080815.
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Emerging evidence has shown that a sustainable mode of farming contributes to the sustainability of societies. However, agricultural modernization and land concentration have resulted in a decreasing role of agriculture in rural societies everywhere in Europe and also in Hungary. Governmental funds and agendas increasingly focus on the regeneration of rural areas with a special interest in the new generations of farmers. This paper analyses a small wine region in Hungary to explore the perceptions and activities of young farmers regarding sustainability. The paper is based on qualitative sociological research, including 20 semi-structured interviews with wine producers and other key actors of rural development in the region. The analysis focuses on generational change both in wine producer farms and in the wine region. How do farmers approach sustainability, and how does the concept of sustainability contribute to family wine production? How can generational change affect farming approaches and activities, especially changes toward a more sustainable way of farming? Our results show that rural regeneration can be understood not only as a generational renewal; it also includes endogenous development processes and new approaches targeting a more sustainable rural milieu.
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Vadlamannati, Krishna Chaitanya, i Indra de Soysa. "Oil price volatility and political unrest: Prudence and protest in producer and consumer societies, 1980–2013". Energy Policy 145 (październik 2020): 111719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111719.
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Dufour, Pascale. "L'État post-providence: de nouvelles politiques sociales pour des parents-producteurs. Une perspective comparée". Canadian Journal of Political Science 35, nr 2 (czerwiec 2002): 301–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423902778256.
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Rebuilding of the welfare state in post-industrialized societies is no longer organized around the male worker but around the parent-producer figure. This shift in the focus of social policies results in a greater mix between employment policies and policies towards families and children. In Quebec, this change appears as a fundamental one; the core of social public action is redefined by federal and provincial governments. By comparison, in France the fight against unemployment is still dominant.
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Babinskas, Nerijus. "The Concept of Tributalism: A Comparative Analysis of S. Amin, J. Haldon and H. H. Stahl‘s Approaches". Romanian Journal for Baltic and Nordic Studies 1, nr 1 (15.11.2009): 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.53604/rjbns.v1i1_5.
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By this article the author wants to revive the discussion about Marxist schemas of social development and their applicability for constructing models of universal history. The viewpoints of three scholars are presented in the current text: Samir Amin‘s who is known in the Western historiographical tradition as the main creator and promoter of the concept of tributary mode of production, John Haldon‘s who has paid much attention to the above-mentioned concept and has dedicated an entire book to this issue, Henri H. Stahl‘s who created an original alternative approach to the issue of tributalism. The author rejects J. Haldon‘s concept of „mode of production“ as being too narrow. In fact J. Haldon identifies the mode of production with the mode of exploitation. The author proposes a wider definition of the mode of production which is based on the analysis of Karl Marx‘s texts. According to the author, the most important elements of mode of production are exploitative subject (it is defined by property of conditions of production, which realises as the social power) and productive/obligatory unit which can be manifested as a household of an individual direct producer or as a community. The author proposes the following classification based on his conception of a mode of production: 1. A proprietor of land is a monarch/state and the productive/obligatory unit is the community (of Asiatic/Slavonic type); 2. A proprietor of land is a monarch/state and the productive/obligatory unit is the household of an individual direct producer; 3. Proprietors of land are private landowners and the productive/obligatory unit is the community (of Asiatic/Slavonic type); 4. Proprietors of land are private landowners and the productive/obligatory unit is the household of an individual direct producer. The most important conclusions of the author‘s are as follows: 1. H. H. Stahl‘s statement that there were alternatives in the social development of precapitalist societies are definitely reasonable. 2. Keeping in his mind the controversies between the conceptions of tributalism the author emphasizes that for the moment the question of the typology of antagonistic precapitalist societies remains open; so further researches and discussions are necessary. 3. As a point of departure for further researches and discussions the author proposes his classification of antagonistic precapitalist societies based on the criteria of an exploitative subject and a productive/obligatory unit.
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Das, Sima, Sarbaswarup Ghosh, Rupak Goswami i N. C. Sahu. "Socio-economic Characterisation and Dairy Production System Maintained by Women Milk Producer Cooperative Societies in Indian Sundarban Region". Journal of Krishi Vigyan 6, nr 1 (2017): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2349-4433.2017.00076.9.
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Kolapo, A., AS Ogunleye, AD Kehinde i AA Adebanke. "Determinants of farmers’ access to microcredit from cooperative societies in Ondo state, Nigeria". International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 11, nr 2 (6.01.2022): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v11i2.57262.
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The study examined the determinants of farmers’ access to microcredit from cooperative societies in Ondo state. A multistage sampling technique was used to obtain data from 100 respondents. Primary data was collected for the purpose of the study. We used descriptive statistics and logit regression model to analyses the data collected. Result showed that the farmers were mostly male farmers (64%) while majority of the farmers had a mean age of 44.10 ± 14.70. It was also revealed that consumer cooperative society, producer cooperative society, marketing cooperative society, cooperative farming society and credit and thrift cooperative society were the major forms of cooperative used by the farmers. The result also shows that age, marital status, farm size, farming experience, credit from another source and number of years in the cooperative significantly influenced farmers’ access to microcredit from cooperative society. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(2): 103-107, Dec 2021
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Hempel, Fabian. "A Sociological Perspective on the Representation of Science in Climate Change Novels". Świat i Słowo 36, nr 1 (4.03.2021): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.7966.
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According to a comprehensive scientific consensus, the environmental impact of modern societies is a significant cause for the current experienced effects of global warming. In addition to science’s function as a diagnostic instance of the Anthropocene, it occupies at least two additional roles in the story of humaninduced climate change. Modern science tries to act as a therapist as it proposes numerous actions that need to be taken when tackling the risks, causes, and consequences of climate change. Moreover, the institution of science is a (co-) producer of anthropogenic risks due to the intentional and unintentional utilization of scientific knowledge and science-based technologies for societal purposes. Therefore, this contribution asks from a sociological point of view how representations of science in exemplary climate change novels, a body of contemporary literature that deals with human-induced global warming and its societal implications, depict this multi-layered embedding of science as a producer, diagnostician, and therapist of societal risks in the story of humancaused climate change.
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Ngome Chisika, Sylvester, i Chunho Yeom. "The Key Factors Affecting Tree Producer Associations Involved in Private Commercial Forestry in Kenya". Sustainability 12, nr 10 (14.05.2020): 4013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104013.
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Formal tree producer associations are critical for the sustainable management of private commercial farm forests in Kenya. However, there is limited information on their current status and the key factors driving their operations in the country. This paper sought to address this informational gap by reviewing the existing literature in the country from the theoretical background of sustainable development and later validating the obtained findings with the current state of knowledge at regional and global levels. Results from document content analysis indicate that there are over 10,000 tree growing farmers organized into planting groups across the country after many years of piloting by the government and private sector players. At the national level, there are two associations. These include Kenya Forest Growers Association (KEFGA), mainly composed of large scale planters, and Farm Forestry Smallholder Producers Association of Kenya (FFSPAK), targeting small-holders. Besides these two, six major sub-national associations are seeking to improve members' welfare by enhancing the acquisition of livelihood assets. Further, various socio-cultural, economic, and political factors affect their operations in Kenya. These associations have deployed multiple strategies to benefit their members. However, the formation of savings and credit cooperative societies (SACCOs) seems to be their preferred mode of community empowerment. In conclusion, even though these associations are still at the infancy stage, their future remains promising in-view of the observed behavioral change in their governance, which appears to favor entrenched equality and equity towards sustainable development.
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Cheng, TJ. "OVERTIME IN CHINA: LAW, PRACTICE AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION". REVISTA NERA, nr 13 (29.05.2012): 26–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47946/rnera.v0i13.1388.
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In most liberal capitalist societies, the working class is generally protected by laws regulating an 8-hour working day and a 5 day work week. But in China today, such rules are a luxury most laborers do not enjoy. This paper explores overtime working conditions that the Chinese working class currently suffers, especially migrant workers who have flowed from bankrupted rural villages into urban centers by the hundreds of millions. They supply the "surplus" labor force demanded by the booming manufacturing industry as China has quickly become the world´s leading producer of industrial goods. This paper not only documents this tragic situation but tries to answer the question: how could this seemingly pre-modern capitalist phenomenon have occurred in an ostensibily socialist country like China?
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Lima, M., E. M. Gayo, C. Latorre, C. M. Santoro, S. A. Estay, N. Cañellas-Boltà, O. Margalef i in. "Ecology of the collapse of Rapa Nui society". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, nr 1929 (24.06.2020): 20200662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0662.
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Collapses of food producer societies are recurrent events in prehistory and have triggered a growing concern for identifying the underlying causes of convergences/divergences across cultures around the world. One of the most studied and used as a paradigmatic case is the population collapse of the Rapa Nui society. Here, we test different hypotheses about it by developing explicit population dynamic models that integrate feedbacks between climatic, demographic and ecological factors that underpinned the socio-cultural trajectory of these people. We evaluate our model outputs against a reconstruction of past population size based on archaeological radiocarbon dates from the island. The resulting estimated demographic declines of the Rapa Nui people are linked to the long-term effects of climate change on the island's carrying capacity and, in turn, on the ‘per-capita food supply’.
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Horst, Cindy. "Questioning Artists". Conflict and Society 8, nr 1 (1.06.2022): 212–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/arcs.2022.080113.
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In this article, I explore the concept of the questioning individual through life history research with two female artists from (post)war contexts. Afghan theater producer Monirah Hashemi’s story illustrates how self-expression in contexts of violence is not only politically but also socially repressed, and illustrates the role that marginalized outsiders can play in questioning. Diala Brisly, a visual artist from Syria, talks of public expression after the suspension of censorship and shows the power of creative self-expression to support resistance to repression. This article explores their contributions of both societal critique and alternative visions of (post)war societies from their positions in exile. I argue that creative processes and cultural expressions can play crucial roles as sources of resistance and ways of creating alternative societal visions.
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Dadhich, Sourabh, Hubba Lal Singh i Sakshi Yadav. "Marketing Pattern and Price Spread of Polyhouse and Open Field Cucumber Production in Jaipur District of Rajasthan, India". Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 46, nr 5 (1.04.2024): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52397.
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In recent years, there has been concern about the effectiveness of marketing fruits and vegetables, which has resulted in high and volatile consumer price with only a minute portion of the consumer rupee flowing to the farmers. Horticultural crops are difficult to market because of their perishability, seasonality and bulkiness. Present study was an attempt to study the marketing channel and their efficiency. The Jaipur district of Rajasthan was selected purposively for the present study. A total of 26 intermediaries and 50 farmers were selected randomly. Among the total farmers, 25 growers producing cucumber in polyhouses and 25 in open field were selected randomly. The most common marketing channel engaged in marketing of polyhouse and open field cucumber in Jaipur district are following: Channel – I: Producer – Commission Agent – Wholesaler – Retailer – Consumer and Channel- II: Producer- Commission agent- Retailer- Consumer. Among both cucumber production system, in channel II the marketing cost incurred per quintal of cucumber was much lower than cost incurred in channel I. Since the marketing cost and marketing margin in channel I was higher, so the marketing efficiency was very low for that channel. At the same time in channel II was found to be lower price spread under both production systems. The most effective means of enhancing farmers' market access and reduce marketing cost through institutional means is by reinforcing cooperative societies, FPOs and shorten the marketing channel.
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Ndagi, I., Ahmed, A., Ubandoma, G. A. i Umar, A. "THE ROLE OF COOPERATIVE SOCIETY IN IMPROVING FARMERS LIVELIHOOD IN NIGER STATE, NIGERIA". Journal of Agripreneurship and Sustainable Development 6, nr 1 (3.04.2023): 222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.59331/jasd.v6i1.410.
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The cooperative was formed as a result of human sufferings and degradation during the industrial revolution in England. The social impact of the revolution was pronounced and largely felt by the common man who needed to improve their conditions of living that had deteriorated to an inhuman standard. The study is set out to describe socio economics characteristics of the cooperators and the various cooperative societies as well as the role cooperative society play in improving the livelihood of cooperators in the study area. The study was conducted in Lapai Local Government area of Niger State. Purposive selection of five villages: Eshi, Kuchi, Gulu, Ebbo, and Puzhi was due to the predominant of cooperative societies in these villages. A total of 90 respondents were randomly selected from sampled communities. Primary and Secondary data were used with the aid of a structured interview scheduled. Data collected were analyzed using the descriptive statistics, Likert-type scale and binary logistic regression model. The result revealed that majority of the respondents 77.8% are within the age of ≤60, married and literate with farming experience of about 30 years. More than half 64% of the respondents belonged to a cooperative society with mean years of about 8. Majority of the cooperators 81% belonged to producer cooperative society. The strong bargaining power has a mean score of 3.14 which is greater than the neutral point and is therefore accepted.
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Hongsuwan, Pathom. "Representations of Women’s Power and Divinity in the Myths of Tai Peoples". International Journal of Religion 5, nr 9 (29.05.2024): 563–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.61707/880nnt35.
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This article examines female characters in the myths of the Tai peoples which represent power and divinity of women in the Tai’s societies. Twenty myths of the Tai peoples both in literary and oral traditions were the subjects of the study. The findings revealed the four main representations of women as 1) creator and the earliest human ancestor; 2) food producer and nurturer; 3) cultural leader; and 4) medium between the human world and the divine world. These representations reflect the Tai peoples’ society and culture. Women were represented as 1) the divines, having supernatural power, powerful beings; 2) abundance of food, creators of life, caretakers; and 3) supporters and followers of Buddhism. The female characters in the Tai myths symbolized faithful Buddhists and strong supporters of the religion. The findings also emphasize significance of the myths as a cultural tool for a better understanding of cultural women’s roles.
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Asfaw, Dagmawe Menelek. "Analysis of technical efficiency of smallholder tomato producers in Asaita district, Afar National Regional State, Ethiopia". PLOS ONE 16, nr 9 (23.09.2021): e0257366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257366.
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The tomato had nutritional, economic and health benefits to the societies, however, its production and productivity were low in developing countries and particularly in Ethiopia. This might be due to technical inefficiency caused by institutional, governmental, and farmers related factors. Therefore this study tried to investigate the factors that affecting technical efficiency and estimating the mean level of technical efficiency of tomato producers in Asaita district, Afar Regional State, Ethiopia. Both primary and secondary data sources were used; the primary data was collected from 267 tomato producers from the study area cross-sectional by using a multistage sampling technique. The single-stage stochastic frontier model and Cobb Douglas production function were applied and statistical significance was declared at 0.05. The maximum likelihood estimates of the stochastic frontier model showed that land, labor, tomato seed, and oxen have a significant effect on tomato output; and education, extension contact, training, and access to credit have a positive and significant effect on technical efficiency, whereas household size, off-farm income, livestock ownership, distance to market, and pesticides have a worthy and significant effect on technical efficiency; and also estimated mean technical efficiency of tomato producer in a study area was 80.9%. In a line with this, the responsible body should prioritize rural infrastructure development in areas such as education, marketplace, and farmer training centers; demonstrate access to credit and extension services; use the recommended amount of pesticides per hectare, and give more intension to mixed farming rather than animal husbandry exclusively.
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Xu, Shiyin. "Prejudice in Films in Cross-Cultural Context: Take the Example of Mulan". BCP Social Sciences & Humanities 21 (15.02.2023): 570–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpssh.v21i.3643.
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International communication has become more and more frequent in recent societies, but misunderstandings and miscommunication due to stereotypes inevitably exist in cross-cultural exchanges. Therefore, this paper would analyze the live-action film Mulan, a Chinese story told by Disney that reflects the stereotypes of Chinese culture from the Western perspective. Due to the cultural differences between China and the U.S. (such as the different pursuit of individualism and collectivism), the filmmakers’ misunderstanding of the story, especially the important plot of Mulan replacing her father in the army, Disney sets the core viewpoint of the story as Mulan pursuing proving herself, instead of the traditional Chinese culture’s understanding that Mulan makes the decision to take her father’s place in the army for the sake of her family and the country’s collective interests. There are many other stereotypes in the film, these stereotypes have caused dissatisfaction of Chinese audiences with the film. The paper gives some suggestions to improve the acceptance of cross-cultural film and television works in the local market, like investors can choose local market cultural figures as the film’s main producer. The film producer should be rigorous in the examination of local culture and it is better to choose the local language for the dubbing of cross-cultural films. This paper profoundly analyzes the situations and causes of misunderstandings and deviations in cross-cultural communication and provides suggestions, which to a certain extent improves the efficiency of cross-cultural communication and cross-cultural film and television production in future.
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Egwu, Patricia, Ngozi Odoh i Anayochukwu Eze. "SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF PALM OIL PRODUCTION IN IGBO ETITI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA IN ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA". International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS) 3, nr 5 (25.07.2023): 1425–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v3i5.1072.
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Extant studies have established that Nigeria has lost its place as the global largest producer of palm oil. However, there seems to be a dearth of studies on how the socioeconomic variables of producers affect palm oil production. Consequently, this study analysed the socioeconomic determinants of palm oil production in Igbo Etiti Local Government Area (LGA) in Enugu State, Nigeria. Combinations of multi-stage random and purposive sampling procedures were used to select 120 small-scale palm oil producers. The data collected using a structured questionnaire was analysed with the aid of descriptive statistics of mean, frequency and percentage, and inferential statistical tools of OLS regression and principal component factor analysis. The results reveal that more women (74.2%) dominated palm oil production in the area. The age bracket of most (41.7 %) palm oil producers was between 46-65 years. The overwhelming proportion (70.8%) of the respondents were married with 50.8 percent of them having a household size of between 1-4 persons. The educational level attained by most of the respondents (70.8%) was primary education. 62.5 percent of the respondents had been involved in palm oil production for over 10 years. While the overwhelming proportion (80.8%) of the respondents were not members of cooperative societies. The study found age, education attainment, household size, farming experience, income, and extension contact as the socioeconomic determinants of palm oil production. The study identified financial and institutional factors as the principal factors and constraints to palm oil production in Igbo Etiti LGA of Enugu State. The study concludes that these variables are critical to improving the output of palm oil production in the area. Thus, this should form part of the critical issues to be included in any policy development that targets improvement in palm oil production.
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Cooper, Adam, Chipo Mukonza, Eleanor Fisher, Yacob Mulugetta, Mulu Gebreeyesus, Magnus Onuoha, Abu-Bakar Massaquoi, Kennedy Chigozie Ahanotu i Chukwumerije Okereke. "Mapping Academic Literature on Governing Inclusive Green Growth in Africa: Geographical Biases and Topical Gaps". Sustainability 12, nr 5 (4.03.2020): 1956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051956.
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A strong indigenous capacity for credible, salient and legitimate knowledge production is crucial to support African countries in developing their economies and societies inclusively and sustainably. In this article, we aim to quantify the current and historic capacity for African knowledge production to support the green economy in Africa, and identify important topical gaps. With a focus on topics relating to Governing Inclusive Green Growth in Africa (GIGGA), our research mapped how much Africa-focused research is being produced, from where and which African countries have higher or lower supply; and the topical focus of the research, mapping it against the African GIGGA policy discourses visible in government strategies. To do this we undertook a systematic review using a two-stage process, mapping the literature for GIGGA. This resulted in 960 verified citations. Content analysis of core metadata and article abstracts enabled mapping of the research focus. The analysis revealed a significant role for South Africa as both the pre-eminent producer of GIGGA literature as well as the geographic focus of GIGGA research, with Nigeria, Ethiopia and Kenya representing emerging loci of credible, African-relevant knowledge production. Topically, there was a strong emphasis on development, policy and environment while topics important for growth that is inclusive in character were infrequent or absent. Overall the results reinforced the view that investment is needed in research on inclusive green growth, linked to capacity building for knowledge production systems in Africa. Furthermore, from a policy perspective, policy makers and academics need to actively explore best to collaborate to ensure that academic research informs government policy.
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Bukhari, Mohammad Abdullatif, Ruth Carrasco-Gallego i Eva Ponce-Cueto. "Developing a national programme for textiles and clothing recovery". Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 36, nr 4 (4.03.2018): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18759190.
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Textiles waste is relatively small in terms of weight as compared to other waste streams, but it has a large impact on human health and environment, and its rate is increasing due to the ‘fast fashion’ model. In this paper, we examine the French national programme for managing post-consumer textiles and clothing through a case study research. To date, France is the only country in the world implementing an extended producer responsibility (EPR) policy for end-of-use clothing, linen and shoes. The case highlights the benefits of using an EPR policy and provides interesting insights about the challenges faced by the textiles waste sector. For instance, the EPR policy has contributed to a threefold increase in the collection and recycling rates of post-consumer textiles since 2006. In addition, the material recovery rate of the post-consumer textiles can reach 90%, 50% of which can be directly reused. However, the ‘reuse’ stream is facing some challenges because its main market is in Africa and many African countries are considering banning the import of used textiles to encourage a competitive textiles industry locally and internationally. The EPR policy shows a great potential to identify new markets for ‘reuse’ and to improve the textiles waste sector. Such an EPR policy also could drive societies to financially support innovation and research to provide feasible solutions for fashion producers to adopt eco-design and design for recycling practices. This paper provides guidance for policy makers, shareholders, researchers and practitioners interested in diverting post-consumer textiles and clothing waste from landfills and promoting circular textiles transition.
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Das, Suman, Ashmita Ghosh, Mrinal Ray, Gangesh B. Singh i Pradip Kumar Baruah. "Eco-friendly Environment of Tripura, India Prove to be a Boon for Tasar Cultivation on Zizyphus mauritiana L." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 5, nr 01 (1.01.2019): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v5i01.11.
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Indian silk industry is the second largest producer of silk in the world. India has the unique distinction of being the only country producing all the five known commercial silk, namely, Mulberry, Tropical Tasar, Oak Tasar, Eri, and Muga. Among the four varieties of silk produced in 2015-16, Tasar accounts for 9.90%, i.e., 2,818 MT of the total raw silk production of 28,472 MT. In Tripura, the societies are well acquainted with only mulberry silk production. Temperature plays a very vital role in the growth of Tasar (Anthereae mylitta) silkworm also. Anthereae mylitta is a species of moth in the family Saturniidae known commonly as the Tasar silkworm and Vanya silkworm. This species is variable, with at least 44 identified eco-races, populations adapted to varied ecological conditions and food plants. Though Tripura is endowed with well demarcated sub-tropical and temperate zones with a low average temperature of 10°C in the winter season which rises to a maximum average of 35°C in the summer, it supports the cultivation of tropical Tasar silkworm in a very unique manner naturally. The present study analyzes the morphological behavior of the Tasar silkworm in a new environment and its interaction to that particular eco-friendly environment to facilitate the socioeconomic upliftment regarding the sericulture practices exhibited by the rural people of the state of Tripura. This study also proves that in the near future Tasar culture will become a boon to the poor people along with Mulberry cultivation.
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Januszkiewicz, Krystyna, Natalia Paszkowska-Kaczmarek, Fekadu Aduna Duguma i Karol G. Kowalski. "Living in the “Age of Humans”. Envisioning CAD Architecture for the Challenges of the Anthropocene—Energy, Environment, and Well-Being". Energies 14, nr 19 (24.09.2021): 6093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196093.
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The Anthropocene thesis poses new challenges to human activity on the planet. These challenges also apply to the built environment. Climate change will increase existing threats, and create new ones, for both human and natural systems. Above all, the built environment is expected to provide structural stability, access to water necessary for life, and safe production of clean energy. This research-by-design was focused on designing an adaptive built environment for Anthropocene societies and the maintenance of their well-being, and on envisioning and conceptualizing new architectural solutions based on multidisciplinary knowledge and CAD parametric design methods and tools. The conceptual designs are the result of these studies. These visions show how wind loads can be reduced, water can be stored, diverse energy sources can be integrated into one work of architecture, and thermal comfort can be provided to support local communities and the life of the environment in the belief that the coexistence of species on the planet will happen. They also illustrate how humanity will be able to use the Earth and its atmosphere as an energy producer and conductor and create a global, wireless, non-commercial energy network, accessible to all.
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Makhamatova, S. T. "Import Substitution and National Projects as Incentives for the Development of the Russian Economy under the Conditions of Economic Sanctions". Humanities and Social Sciences. Bulletin of the Financial University 13, nr 1 (5.05.2023): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2226-7867-2023-13-1-35-40.
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The article is dedicated to the possibility and prospects of development of the domestic economy under the conditions of economic sanctions and its transition from a raw material model to an economically developed one, through the implementation of import substitution programmes and other national projects approved by the President of the Russian Federation. Import substitution is defined by the author as a process of economic transformation carried out with the protectionist support of the domestic producer by the state, which is intended to result in the production of domestic goods and services designed to replace foreign analogues increases without compromising quality. The article presents the characteristics of the main areas that have become the object of import substitution, taking into consideration the state of the labor market. The author ranks Russian society among the societies of trauma and concludes that there is a gradual decline in demographic, labor, and industrial potential, which can be stopped due to a change in the economic model. It is concluded that it is necessary to focus on the most promising areas, which require, along with the industrial base, the development of their own engineering school and human resource capacity.
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Bengisu, Elif. "Human History and Göbeklitepe". International Journal of Social, Political and Economic Research 7, nr 1 (21.04.2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/ijospervol7iss1pp1-10.
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Şanlıurfa is known as the lands of the dawn of civilization and is located in regions so called as “Fertile Crescent” in archeology literature. From primitive religions to monotheistic religions, all religions emerged in this region. The very first agricultural practices were performed in this region and writing was invented also in this region. The male sculpture, so called as “Urfa Man”, came across during the excavations made within the scope of “Balıklıgöl Landscape Project” in 1992 and sent to Urfa Museum, was dated back to circa 10.000 BC and recorded as the oldest naturalistic life-sized sculpture of a human in archeology literature. This sculpture proved that Balıklıgöl and surroundings in Urfa city center were settled toward the end of Paleolithic age about 12.000 years ago (10.000 BC). At the end of this age, humans left the hunter and nomadic lifestyle and passed into permanent settlements, they established the very first villages and initiated agricultural practices for the first time and became producer societies. This age is also known as the age in which primitive religions emerged for the first time. Therefore, Şanlıurfa has a great place in world culture in terms of history of religions, history of agriculture and faith tourism. In archaeological excavations conducted in Göbeklitepe close to city center under the chairmanship of Prof. Dr. Klaus Schmidt, the oldest temple of the world belonging to ends of Paleolithic Age dated back to 12.000 years ago (10.000 BC) was explored. Such an exploration proved that Şanlıurfa was the oldest center of the believers in the world. Before Göbekli Tepe, archaeological excavations were conducted in Nevali Çori of Hilvan Town and a square-planned temple of Neolithic Age dated back to 8.500-8.000 BC was explored. Therefore, Nevali Çori led up the Göbeklitepe excavations. In several archeological excavations conducted in Şanlıurfa region, schematic idols to which Chalcolithic and Old Bronze Age Societies worshipped were explored. Several violin-type idols depicting homiform gods explored in Titriş Höyük Necropolis of Bozova Town and exhibited in Şanlıurfa Museum.
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Utomo, Lukman Prasetyo. "PENYALAHGUNAAN NAPZA DI INDONESIA". KOMUNITAS 9, nr 2 (10.06.2020): 96–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/komunitas.v9i2.2191.
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Drug Abuse in the world consistently increases where almost 12% (15.5 million people up to 36.6 million people) of users are heavy addicts. According to the World Drug Report of 2012, the productions of drugs increased, one of which was opium production. It increased from 4,700 tons in 2010 to 7,000 tons in 2011. Drug abuse in Indonesia also increased from year to year proven according to BNN survey results with UI and other universities that in 2005 the prevalence percentage was 1.7% in Indonesia, in 2008 prevalence percentage was 1.99%, in 2012 prevalence percentage was 2.2%. Furthermore, the number of drug use according to Head of BNN actually increased significantly in the period of June to November 2015 that is 1.7 million people. In June 2015 the number of users was 4.2 million and in November 2015 the number of users was 5.9 million. Today the problem of drug abuse already becomes a national disaster. Drug abuse has been the concern of all people for several reasons; first, the use of drugs by various societies has been in critical condition. Second, the impacts are not only generated to the users but also damage the people’s lives and nation’s life. Thirdly, Indonesia is not only a consumer country but a producer country as well, so the Indonesian government firmly declares that Indonesia is Drug emergency or declares war on Drugs. The impact of drug abuse is very complex starting from victims, families, peer victims, until the community. So the view of Islam associated with the abuse of these drugs is that drugs are goods which damage the mind, memory, heart, soul, mental and physical health such as khomar. Therefore, drugs are also included in the category which is forbidden by Allah SWT and the scholars agree that drugs are illicit when people are not in an emergency situation. As a helping profession, social work has a fundamental mission to solve social problem whether it is a problem experienced by individuals, families, groups, or communities. In its development, social workers reflect relief efforts to vulnerable groups. Drug addicts are one part of Indonesian societies who has equal position, rights, obligations and roles with other Indonesian societies in all aspects of life and the life which in essence still has potential that can be developed through a special program, namely the social welfare effort program for the addicts of Drugs with social rehabilitation. Here social workers play a role in helping / assisting the recovery of victims in realizing their social function.
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Chinyere, Agommuoh P., i Ndirika M. C. "Promoting Innovation, Creativity and Entrepreneurship Skills in Science Education Students: A Panacea for Employability". Journal of Education and Practice 4, nr 3 (29.10.2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jep.477.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how science teachers can teach science education students in order to promote innovative, creative and entrepreneurship skills in them to enable them become employable in the labour market. Unemployment in Nigeria is a time bomb waiting to explode at any time except proper and effective interventions is put in place to mitigate the impact of high youth unemployment. This paper uses descriptive survey research design. The population of the study is all the 933 science education students in the Department of Science Education of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike.Methodology: A simple random sampling technique was used to sample 100 (80 males and 70 females) science education students. Three research questions and three hypotheses that were tested at 0.05 level of significance guided the study. The instrument for data collection was the researcher’s developed questionnaire of the four-point Likert Scale type of Strongly Agree (SA), Agree(A), Disagree(D) and Strongly Disagree (SD) which are rated 4, 3, 2 and 1 respectively. The instrument was validated and its coefficient of reliability obtained as 0.89. Data collected were analyzed using mean to answer the research questions and t- test to analyze the hypotheses.Findings: The results obtained indicated that teaching science students in such a way that they will be able to make use of facilitation technique that allows for sharing ideas and freedom to innovate; develop skills for accessing funds and accounting; develop critical skills that will enhance innovative ideas; develop collaborative skills needed for joining cooperative societies like producer and consumer cooperative and develop the ability to organize and build network are some of the things the science teacher should do to promote innovation, creativity and entrepreneurship skills in science students.Unique Contribution to theory, practice and policy: Based on the findings, it was therefore recommended that science education students should be taught science properly so that they can develop critical skills to enhance their innovative ideas. Also, science students should be taught science in a way that will help them develop collaborative skills needed for joining and organizing cooperative societies.
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Sero, Dzemila, Isabelle Garachon, Erma Hermens, Robert Van Liere i Kees Joost Batenburg. "The Study of Three-Dimensional Fingerprint Recognition in Cultural Heritage". Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage 14, nr 4 (31.12.2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3461341.
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Fingerprints play a central role in any field where person identification is required. In forensics and biometrics, three-dimensional fingerprint-based imaging technologies, and corresponding recognition methods, have been vastly investigated. In cultural heritage, preliminary studies provide evidence that the three-dimensional impressions left on objects from the past (ancient fingerprints) are of paramount relevance to understand the socio-cultural systems of former societies, to possibly identify a single producer of multiple potteries, and to authenticate the artist of a sculpture. These findings suggest that the study of ancient fingerprints can be further investigated and open new avenues of research. However, the potential for capturing and analyzing ancient fingerprints is still largely unexplored in the context of cultural heritage research. In fact, most of the existing studies have focused on plane fingerprint representations and commercial software for image processing. Our aim is to outline the opportunities and challenges of digital fingerprint recognition in answering a range of questions in cultural heritage research. Therefore, we summarize the fingerprint-based imaging technologies, reconstruction methods, and analyses used in biometrics that could be beneficial to the study of ancient fingerprints in cultural heritage. In addition, we analyze the works conducted on ancient fingerprints from potteries and ceramic/fired clay sculptures. We conclude with a discussion on the open challenges and future works that could initiate novel strategies for ancient fingerprint acquisition, digitization, and processing within the cultural heritage community.
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Khaw-ngern, Chainarong. "Mindfulness and Sufficiency Economy: Framework for Waste Management Reform". Psychology and Education Journal 58, nr 1 (29.01.2021): 1373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.916.
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Due to increase in population, economic expansion, growth and expansion of the city, more waste problems are increasing and becoming a global problem that every country encounters. Only waste management policies from government and waste management campaigns from private sectors cannot keep up with the excessive waste amount unless all people in societies become aware that their cooperation in waste reduction can make a great contribution. This paper provides an overview of waste management in Thailand, how private sectors take part in waste management, and how consumers in communities can contribute in waste reduction. It also suggests the framework of mindfulness and Sufficiency Economy Philosophy for waste management reform. Documentary study and literature review were used for data collection. The results showed that consumers can be a big producer of waste due to their overconsumption behavior, so they can take the major role in waste reduction with moderate consumption. Mindfulness can conduct consumers to stay awake and aware of waste problems and have a sense of caring towards other people, their communities and environment. Sufficiency Economy philosophy can work as a guideline for consumers to make ethical choice with moderation, reasonableness, and prudence. With the framework of mindfulness and sufficiency economy philosophy, waste management reform can be conducted at the beginning stage for waste reduction before it is generated. With the care of environment and their communities, consumers will be willing to work together with government and private sectors in following 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) concept for sustainability.
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Sulianta, Feri, Sapriya Sapriya, Nana Supriatna i Disman Disman. "Digital Content Model Framework Based on Social Studies Education". International Journal of Higher Education 8, nr 5 (2.09.2019): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v8n5p214.
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The growth of the digital world brings positive and also negative influences in the society, For example, the overwhelmed of uneducated material, provoking news, the contents teaches unhealthy behavior, or hoaxes. Most of the people do not have abilities to recognize quality contents or well written contents. Those conditions are really matter, in the 21st century, people must have digital literacy the competencies. In order that the societies will be ready to deal with technology and to address the usefulness of digital content.The community must act as a smart content consumer, and also as a good content producer, so that people have ability to create good digital content and get the benefit of information. However, due to the lack of digital content framework, people have difficulty assessing the quality of digital content, and it is difficult to create content with good criteria. Therefore, it is important to create digital content standards that have a positive goal in the age of technology.To make digital content standards a digital content model was developed which was developed with Research and Development methods, involved students and cyber society on the internet. The digital content framework contains several elements, such as: pillar of social studies education, writing, knowledge, digital media, search engine optimization, and digital copyrights, which will be published in User Generated Content Platform. Furthermore, digital content model framework has been tested and has a useful principle that is used as a guidance for making high quality digital content which considers the virtue of society and the art of state of information technology.
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Burkhard, Daniel. "Integration through Land Improvement". International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity 3, nr 2 (28.03.2015): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/hcm.485.
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Internal colonization in Switzerland is often seen in connection with the battle for cultivation in the Second World War, but the history of internal colonization in Switzerland is more complex. The food crisis in the First World War formed the horizon of experience for various actors from industry, consumer protection, the urban population and agriculture to start considering practical strategies for managing agricultural production. In this way, traditional spaces, such as rural and urban areas and economic roles, such as food producer, consumer and trader, overlapped and were newly conceived to some extent: people started thinking about utopias and how a modern society could be designed to be harmonious and resistant to crisis. The aim of this article is to trace some of the key points in this process for the interwar years in neutral Switzerland. In the process, the focus must be on the context of people’s mentalities in the past, although the relationships between the actors of internal colonization and the state also need to be considered. Internal colonization in Switzerland in the twentieth century can be understood as an open process. In principle, the project was driven by private actors, but in times of crisis, the project was claimed by the state as a possible tool for social and economic intervention. In addition, as a result of the planned dissolution of urban and rural spaces, it will be shown that modern societies in the interwar period were on an existential search to overcome the problems of the modern age. Internal colonization can therefore be seen as an attempt to find a third way between a world characterized by an agrarian society and a modern industrial nation.
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Oguh, Joyce. "Managing Education for Food And Health Security: The Experience of EhimeMbano and Isiala Mbano Local Government Areas of Imo State Nigeria". Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (29.05.2020): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa042_009.
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Abstract Objectives The study evaluated the managing Education for Food And Health Security in Ehime and Isiala Mbano Local Government Areas of Imo State Nigeria. Methods Data for the study was obtained from a sample of 240 respondents, 120 from each of the Local Government Areas. Frequency counts and percentages was used in analyzing the research questions raised. The Chi- square was also used to analyze the null hypothesis generated at 0.05 level of significance. Results The study reveals that there is no significant difference between the production of food and the level of the farmers education in the local Government Areas. The implication of the finding is that, the quality of food is proportional to the level of education of the producer and there Is also no significant difference between food and health security and the management of education in the two local Government Areas. Despite the climatic condition of the areas that favours health and food production, food and health insecurity remains a major obstacle faced by most dwellers in these areas. Further more, the study reveals obstacles towards food and health security in the areas to include; poor management of education, low level of people's education on food production and common health on food production and common health safety measures, low Government commitment to issues concerning health and food security etc. Conclusions To ensure a secured food and health society, the researcher observed that there Is need to strategize the Management of education to incorporate awareness on the modern methods of food production, nutrition education, education management, general health preventive measures, motivating farmers to form cooperative societies. Funding Sources Tertiary Education Trust Fund, Nigeria.
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Huggel, Christian, Mark Carey, Adam Emmer, Holger Frey, Noah Walker-Crawford i Ivo Wallimann-Helmer. "Anthropogenic climate change and glacier lake outburst flood risk: local and global drivers and responsibilities for the case of lake Palcacocha, Peru". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 20, nr 8 (13.08.2020): 2175–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-2175-2020.
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Abstract. Evidence of observed negative impacts on natural and human systems from anthropogenic climate change is increasing. However, human systems in particular are dynamic and influenced by multiple drivers and hence identifying an anthropogenic climate signal is challenging. Here we analyze the case of lake Palcacocha in the Andes of Peru, which offers a representative model for other glacier lakes and related risks around the world because it features a dynamic evolution of flood risk driven by physical and socioeconomic factors and processes. Furthermore, it is the object of a prominent climate litigation case, wherein a local Peruvian citizen sued a large German energy producer over risk of flooding from lake Palcacocha. Adopting a conceptual model of cascading impacts and multiple drivers of risk, we first study climatic and other geophysical drivers of flood risk. We find that an anthropogenic signal from flood risk to greenhouse gas emissions is traceable. In parallel, flood risk has been strongly shaped (and increased) by interacting socioeconomic, institutional and cultural processes over the past few decades. The case raises important questions about the differentiation of responsibilities relating to flood risk of both global and local agents, which are, however, difficult to address in cases like Palcacocha, where we reveal a complex network of interlinked global, national and local drivers. Following from this, we outline a normative framework with a differentiated perspective on responsibility, implying that global emitters commit to support strengthening capacities in affected regions and localities and that local institutions and societies engage in local risk reduction measures and policies in collaboration with and driven by local communities.
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Treu, Johannes. "The Chance of FinTech to be a New General-Purpose Technology". International Business Research 16, nr 11 (27.10.2023): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v16n11p22.
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FinTech has often been spoken about in highly promising terms, deemed to have a profound and potentially revolutionary effect. This has led to speculation and intrigue about whether this innovative form of technology might have the capability to influence an entire economy significantly. More than that, some even contend that it carries the potential to alter societies dramatically through its direct impact on both existing economic frameworks and social structures. Thus, a vital question has risen to the forefront: could FinTech indeed be seen as a general-purpose technology? Following the initial inquiry, a second question emerges, delving deeper into the overall impact of FinTech. The focus is on understanding how it influences things at an aggregate level and as a potential general-purpose technology. How does it affect aggregate economic welfare? The paper conducts an in-depth analysis using two distinctly different definitions and characteristics of general-purpose technologies. By leveraging these definitions, the document provides valuable insights into how FinTech aligns with the attributes of a general-purpose technology, effectively showcasing that it can indeed be typified as such. Despite the growing body of research on FinTech, no study thus far has examined the implications or influence it has on welfare. At an aggregate level, the research findings indicate that FinTech influences supply curves positively. In turn, this results in a noticeable uptick in both consumer and producer surplus, bolstering overall welfare. The examination thus reveals how FinTech is indeed a reckoning force in modern economics, and potentially a game-changer. Thus, its significance as a general-purpose technology and the value it brings to aggregate economic welfare cannot be underestimated.
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Paghdar, Shruti J., Chetan R. Dudhagara i Ashish B. Mahera. "Purchasing Behaviour and Satisfaction Level of Farmers Regarding Groundnut Seeds". Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 30, nr 7 (26.06.2024): 487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72164.
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India's agricultural sector is a vital pillar of the economy, contributing significantly to the nation's GDP. As the world's largest producer of various commodities like pulses, milk, tea, and spices, and ranking second in fruits, vegetables, and grains, India's agricultural prowess is undeniable. One of the pivotal reasons to this success is the role of seeds, serving as the genetic foundation for plant growth and development. The Indian seed industry, valued at nearly 9000 crores and growing at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12.43%, reflects the nation's commitment to agricultural innovation and advancement. Hybrid seeds, occupying 65% of the market share, are preferred over open-pollinated varieties, driving growth and efficiency in crop production. The study was undertaken with aim and objectives to study the socio-economic profile, purchasing behaviours, satisfaction level and problem faced by the farmers during groundnut crop establishment. A survey of 200 respondents from 10 villages of Dhoraji Taluka, Rajkot district, Gujarat, provides insights into the diverse agricultural community. The study covers demographics, education, income, landholding, cropping patterns, gender distribution, family types, irrigation sources, seed procurement, awareness of agricultural products, promotional influences, factors affecting seed purchases, satisfaction levels, and challenges in crop establishment. Respondents had income mostly between 1-5 lakhs per year. Landholding of the respondents was 1-5 acres. Groundnut was cultivated mainly in the kharif season. Farmers were using various irrigation sources like tube well, open well and canal. Seeds were mainly purchased through various channels like retailers, Agricultural universities, owned seeds and cooperative societies and oil mills. Farmers were facing major problems like higher input costs and prevalence of various disease & pest attack on groundnut crop.
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Cetina, Karin Knorr. "The Market". Theory, Culture & Society 23, nr 2-3 (maj 2006): 551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276406062702.
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Markets have led a shadowy existence in economics. The ruling paradigm, neoclassical economics, for which markets are a central institution, has mainly been concerned with the determination of market prices. Until recently, sociological investigations of modern markets focused on production, as did anthropological work that ascertained how each culture made a living. The major debate among anthropologists to date has been about whether the economic rationality of the maximizing individual is to be found in all societies or whether substantive economies are always embedded in a cultural matrix that determines its logics and forms of transaction. A new feature of financial markets is that they are based upon scopic systems – electronic and informational mechanisms of observing and contextualizing market reality and of back-projecting this reality onto the computer screens of globally operating traders. When such a mechanism is in place, coordination and activities respond to the reflected, represented reality rather than to pre-reflexive occurrences. This form of coordination contrasts with network forms of coordination that are pre-reflexive in character. In network markets, participants rely on their relationships to determine ‘where the market is’. In a market based on scopic systems, the market is fully visible on screen – as a set of tradable, comprehensively contextualized, quickly moving prices for various trading instruments. In this situation, a level of global inter-subjectivity emerges that derives from the character of these markets as reflexively observed by participants on their computer screens in temporal continuity, synchronicity, and immediacy. As a consequence, these markets are communities of time. As temporalized systems, financial markets project a form of coordination adapted to a global world that leaves behind the patterns of traditional producer and exchange markets.
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Len-Ríos, María E. "Understanding ethnic media: Producers, consumers and societies". Journal of Communication 61, nr 6 (grudzień 2011): E1—E3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2011.01604.x.
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Law, Ian. "Understanding Ethnic Media: Producers, Consumers and Societies". European Journal of Communication 27, nr 3 (wrzesień 2012): 307–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267323112451073.
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YMERAJ, Arlinda. "What can the Albanian government do to effectively combat youth unemployment?" Economicus 19, nr 1 (2020): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.58944/nkfk1256.
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Youth unemployment in Albania continues to be critical, despite improvements during the last years. According to INSTAT (INSTAT, 2021) youth unemployment in December 2020 was 21.7%, 0.3 % higher than a years ago. Young graduates are the ones who suffer the highest levels of unemployment. The same report, while analyzing the unemployment rate by educational level, showed that about 14.4% of young people with secondary education and 12.3% of young people with higher education, are unemployed. The more progress advances, the more its contradictions are identified. Economic growth produces wealth, but it fails to secure jobs to everyone. By far, free market economy enhances a variety of unlimited opportunities, but it leads to hardships and inequalities, as well. The un-finished debate on “globalization” and its impact on markets, seems to hide the changes that have occurred on social relations sphere, which affect the people’s social welfare. The generation of 21st Century is challenged by a new social conflict. Whilst in the yesterday’s era, the conflict was between those below and above the threshold of income, in the present society, the conflict is “from outside to inside”, in other words, the conflict between inclusion and exclusion. In the today society, especially after Covid, youth unemployment appears a global challenge. Access to jobs can bolster self-esteem and produce benefits for societies beyond incomes. Programs that support employment for at-risk populations, including youth, can consider the ways in which jobs affect peoples’ attitudes, values, and behaviors and contribute to improved relations between groups. Arguably, in countries with high youth unemployment, like Albania, targeted training programs as well as empowerment of entrepreneurship through financial incentives, have the potential to be designed to strengthen self-esteem, which can lead to greater community involvement and reduced inequality and exclusion. The paper “ What can the Albanian government do to effectively combat youth unemployment” advances the argument of effectiveness of employment policies, which must support initiatives that originate from young people themselves. The best entrepreneurship practices from Shkodra and Vlora, two important regions of Albania are elaborated in depth to provide necessary evidence, thanks to a research, supported by OSCE mission in Albania, Extra Budgetary project “Promoting regional intermunicipal co-operation and dialogue for self-employment of women and youth”. The paper is composed of four sections in addition to introduction and conclusions. Section 1 explores in depth features of local employment policies and their impact on socio and economic performance of Shkodra and Vlora. Section 2 describes the methodology of the assessment. Section 3 analyses in depth best practices, while section 4 emphasizes key findings, which provides inputs to comparative analysis, as a basis for the identification of conclusions. Of value is the view point of entrepreneurs from Shkodra and Vlora counties, man and women, who in extremely difficult conditions work hard and producer values for themselves and the entire communities, proving that it is possible to build a future anywhere in Albania, no matter of circumstances.
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Gupta, Srishti. "Effects of Subcontracting on Firms in India's Informal Manufacturing Sector: An Empirical Investigation". Journal of Developing Areas 57, nr 3 (czerwiec 2023): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jda.2023.a907732.
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ABSTRACT: Subcontracting occurs when a producer outsources a part of its production. We study the effect of subcontracting from a firm with buyer power on the profits of subcontracted upstream firms, and how profits vary on the basis of location of firm and owner's gender. Subcontracting is the treatment in our study and the dependent variable is the ratio of Gross Value Added to Sales adjusted or unadjusted for wages. The decision of a firm to subcontract or not is endogenous, so we cannot use OLS regression. Since we cannot have information on a firm being treated and non-treated at the same time, we use the Average Treatment Effect on Treated (ATET) model with Nearest Neighborhood Matching (NNM) approach, in which each treated firm is matched to an untreated firm which is its nearest neighbor on other parameters, to see the effect of treatment on outcome variable on the treated group had they been not treated. We find the existence of a subcontracting premium where being in a subcontracting relationship is beneficial for the informal sector firm, though the magnitude of this premium is small, and female-headed firms gain less from subcontracting. Subcontracted male-owned firms earn a higher premium but also pay more wages out of their total revenue to labor as compared to female-owned firms, perhaps because the latter are more likely to be Own Account Manufacturing Enterprises (OAME) which do not employ hired workers. Our results show that buyer power of the subcontracting firms is offset by the benefits they provide to the subcontracted firms, possibly in the form of assured demand and payments. Thus, policies favoring the informal sector firms need to incorporate the benefits of subcontracting by exploring alternative modes of distribution with lower distribution margins, such as cooperative societies or online platforms for example Amul, MEESHO. Policies should also focus on reducing the profit margin differential between male and female owned firms by formulating a proper channel using mass media to communicate credit information and updates.
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BildtgÅrd, Torbjörn. "Trust in food in modern and late-modern societies". Social Science Information 47, nr 1 (marzec 2008): 99–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018407085751.
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This article investigates the way mainstream social theories of trust can help us understand how trust in food is produced and maintained in modern and late- or postmodern societies. In the first section, the author identifies and discusses three theoretical bases for trust in food: emotional, habitual and reflexive trust. He puts a particular emphasis on habitual trust, and explores four different bases for habitual trust — community, rational organization, policy and systems of knowledge — discussing their importance for trust in food. In the second section, the author examines how these bases come together to produce trust in food in traditional, modern and late- or postmodern societies, respectively. Finally, Bildtgård argues that certification schemes can be perceived as a technique for producing trust in food that is particularly well suited to late-modern/postmodern societies.
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Sarker, Dr Manish, i Kowshik Datta. "The Role of Women Dairy Cooperative Society in the Socio- Economic Empowerment of Women Members: A Study of Nadia District of West Bengal in India." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, nr VIII (2023): 926–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.7869.
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The purpose of India’s diary development projects is to empower rural women. Rural women in West Bengal are empowered by cooperatives that produce women’s milk at the village level. A case study of particular women’s milk producers’ society was done in the West Bengal district of Nadia by the Modhumoti women milk producers’ co-operative society, which is a member of the West Bengal Milk Union (WBMUL). The socioeconomic standing of the women members greatly improved when they joined the women milk producers’ cooperative association. A three-tier structure of dairy cooperative groups, including producers’ societies at the village level, unions at the district level, and federations at the state level, was discovered by the study in West Bengal. The study discovered that there are two sectors in the milk marketing system: organized and unorganized. The authors conclude by identifying the employment at one’s own home, an increase in family income, a rise in social status, and economic independence as the three most significant drivers of these women’s decision to join cooperative societies as seen in the study area.
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Singh, Sanjenbam Sher, Jitendra Kumar Chauhan i Loukham Devarani. "Review on Rubber Producers’ Societies in North East India". International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 10, nr 01 (10.01.2021): 2814–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1001.326.
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Sarker, Debnarayan, i Bikash Kumar Ghosh. "Economic Indicators of Primary Milk Producers’ Co-Operative Societies". International Journal of Sustainable Economies Management 1, nr 3 (lipiec 2012): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsem.2012070101.
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This paper examines the physical and financial performance of some primary dairy co-operatives in West Bengal state in India. It suggests that financial performance indicators dominate over physical ones, and all the dominating variables have long term positive impact on Primary milk Producers’ Cooperative Societies (PMPCSs). The significant impact of financial performance variables contributes to high profit efficiency for all primary dairy cooperative societies under study. When the profit efficiency is measured only on the basis of financial performance indicators the score of efficiency for all the PMPCSs lies between 90% and 100% level suggesting that all PMPCSs perform well when the performance of PMPCSs is judged only on the basis of financial performance indicators. But when they are judged by the combined effect of both physical and financial performance indicators, all PMPCSs are not performing well because the impact of physical performance variables differs significantly among them. These results seem to suggest that in order to strengthen the dairy development programme on co-operative line at the primary level more emphasis should be given to these dominating physical and financial performance variables in general and physical dominating variables in particular.
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Savedoff, William D. "Why Do Societies Ever Produce Common Goods for Health?" Health Systems & Reform 5, nr 4 (2.10.2019): 402–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23288604.2019.1655982.
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