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Bugarin, castillo Yurixy. "Évaluation instrumentale et sensorielle des produits alimentaires pour la gestion des troubles salivaires et de la déglutition". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB023.
Pełny tekst źródłaSwallowing disorders, also known as dysphagia, are a leading cause of malnutrition and dehydration for older people. In this study, a toolbox of preclinical methods is developed to evaluate food products to manage swallowing disorders and xerostomia, the dry mouth sensation induced by the alteration of salivary flow rate.As a first illustration of the use of these preclinical tools, different natural extracts were produced and compared to human saliva, in terms of both shear and extensional rheological properties. The most promising formulations, obtained from flaxseed extracts, were used to formulate natural salivary substitutes (NSS) and texture adapted semi liquid foods, to promote lubrication and address the needs of people suffering from xerostomia. In addition, the ability of NSSs and modified semi liquid foods to limit post-swallowing oral residues was determined with an in vitro soft-robotic swallowing simulator and con-firmed by sensory analysis on healthy subjects.Three-dimensional printing was used to produce foods with controlled structures, resulting in different yielding behaviors, paving the way to texture adaptation to manage sarcopenia. NSS performance in terms of hydration and lubrication of these 3D-printed structures was also explored, in vitro.This study highlights i) the relevance of this pre-clinical toolbox, including the in vitro experiments simulating food oral processing, to support the development of personalized food products and food for special medical purposes ii) the peculiar rheological properties and lubricity of flaxseed ex-tracts and their strong potential as a NSS or texture modifier, and iii) the interest of controlling food structure via 3D printing to modulate food hydration and the mechanical and yielding behavior
Jourdren, Solenne. "Le processus oral, une étape clé à l’origine des propriétés sensorielles de texture et d’arôme du pain. Quels sont les rôles de sa structure et de sa déstructuration en bouche sur les dynamiques de perceptions ?" Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLA010/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe liking of the bread by the consumers is largely impacted by its sensory properties, and notably the aroma and texture perceived during inmouth consumption. These perceptions cannot be only explained by the volatile composition of the bread or by its structure. In fact, they also depend on dynamic phenomena, resulting from the breakdown of the bread in mouth, which depends on each individual. This PhD project aims thus to better understand the determinants linked to the product and to the individual at the origin of the dynamics of aroma and texture perceptions of bread. A multidisciplinary strategy, based on the study of the oral processing in real conditions of mastication was set up to fulfill this objective. The results show firstly that the hydration capacity and the rigidity of the crumb have a main impact on the evolution of bolus properties and texture and aroma perceptions during consumption. In this way, the higher the hydration capacity of the bread is, the more easily broken and hydrated it will be. Moreover, a bread with a rigid crumb could cause a higher release of volatile compounds susceptible to interact with the sensory olfactive receptors. In addition, two types of masticatory behavior, based on masticatory duration, were highlighted between the individuals of the study. These behaviors lead to bolus with different properties at swallowing time and at different dynamics of aroma and texture perceptions
Larauche, Muriel. "Régulations des processus inflammatoires gastriques : rôle des nitrates alimentaire et de l'innervation afférente". Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30100.
Pełny tekst źródłaLarceneux, Fabrice. "Stratégies de signalisation de la qualité : l'impact des labels sur le processus de décision des consommateurs". Paris 9, 2003. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2003PA090047.
Pełny tekst źródłaMassey, Camille. "Exploration des processus de choix des consommateurs intermittents d'aliments biologiques". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27257.
Pełny tekst źródłaOrganic food consumption has been on the rise for several years. Despite this growth, most organic food consumers remain intermittent, that is to say that their diet is only partly organic. While they are the bulk of organic consumers, they remain largely understudied and little is known about them. This exploratory research focuses on the reasons leading these consumers to opt in or out of the organic alternative. Out of 24 in-depth interviews, a restitution of the choice process is made. Results show that opting in favor of organic is directly linked to a problem identified by the respondent with the nonorganic offer, which varies depending on the type of food considered and enters in contradiction with the respondent’s values. The organic alternative is assessed based on the seriousness of the problem as perceived by the respondent, and by its ability to respond to the latter. Thus, organic is a characteristic of fluctuating importance for the same respondent depending on the food. As such, different coping strategies are displayed in case of unavailability of the organic alternative, ranging from refraining from consuming nonorganic food to giving in under certain conditions such as specific preparation techniques. This research shows the broad diversity of reasons why consumers opt in favor of organic alternatives. It also stresses the importance of considering nonorganic offer in order to understand intermittent consumers of organic food.
Gangnard, Stéphane. "Ingénierie de la caséine β bovine : effet de la déphosphorylation et de la duplication des 6 résidus N-terminaux sur le processus de micellisation et sur le comportement à l'interface air/eau". Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2004.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this thesis work was to understand the role played by the charges of the phosphate groups of the N-terminal part in some of β-casein properties. An unphosphorylated form (WT) was obtained using the heterologous expression in the procaryotic host E. Coli. A mutant (MU) with 3 additional negative charges at N-terminal position as compared with WT was built by site-directed mutagenesis and also expressed by E. Coli. We showed that the temperature-dependent micellization of β-casein was strongly altered by the absence of phosphate groups (WT) and by the presence of 3 additional negative charges (MU). The structural study showed that these modifications of aggregation behavior were partly due to successive modifications of structure, induced by the absence of phosphorylation and by the sequence duplication. In addition, the study of the behavior to the air/water interface showed that the surface concentration was directly related to the number of charges at N-terminal position. On the contrary, the rigidity of β-casein monolayer at the surface of water not only depends on the charges brought by the N-terminal part but also on structural factors. Our work also demonstrated that the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica was not able to express β-casein
Ruiz, Esquivel Yordanka. "La négociation dans l'enseignement et l'apprentissage de l'espagnol oral : du processus compétitif au processus coopératif en première année du D.E.U.G. d'Espagnol". Nancy 2, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc209/2004NAN21027_1.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaForeign language teaching in French higher education is constantly exposed to several negotiations process between three main partners, institution, teachers and learners. The negotiators involvement must be fair-minded. A study of partners' behavior in situation is therefore required to be aware of them and make them consistent in case of disproportional participation in outcomes negotiations. Transactional analysis seems currently a reliable prompt work tool in an ideal situation like the Spanish D. E. U. G. (university diploma taken after two years' study) at Nancy 2 University, France
Ruiz, Esquivel Yordanka Riley Philip. "La négociation dans l'enseignement et l'apprentissage de l'espagnol oral Du processus compétitif au processus coopératif en première année du D.E.U.G. d'Espagnol /". Nancy : Université Nancy 2, 2004. http://cyberdoc.univ-nancy2.fr/htdocs/docs_ouvert/doc209/2004NAN21027_1.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaDocteur, Aurélie. "Étude des processus et biais cognitifs impliqués dans la représentation du corps et des aliments d'individus normopondérés et obèses". Paris 8, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA083823.
Pełny tekst źródłaA disturbance in the perception of personal of body size and cognitive schemas focused on food and shape are key features in maintaining food and shape-related dysfunctional attitudes in both obese individuals and restrained eaters. This PhD thesis aims at studying cognitive processes and biases in obese patients and restrained eaters, using perceptual (assessment of body-size perception and body-size ideal using a body-shape software) and memory tasks (implicit and explicit memory tasks). In this context, our experimental approach allowed to answer successively three questions: a) What are the cognitive processes involved in body-size perception and body-size ideal? b) What inter and intra-individual factors influence these judgments? c) What are the memory biases that could contribute to food and shape-related dysfunctional attitudes? Overall, our results show the involvement of specific processes and biases in obesity and food restriction. These biases imply avoidance of some stimuli, not congruent to the diet; stimuli that would rebound, overactive, leading to increased food consumption and maintenance of food-related dysfunctional attitudes
Tricot-Guerin, Marie. "Le rôle des facteurs affectifs dans le processus de détérioration du lien relationnel en situation de crise : application à la consommation alimentaire". Lyon 3, 2010. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2010_out_guerin_m.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe crisis situation, regarding food, leads to numerous changes in buying and consuming behaviour. In this respect, the various works that have been carried out so far give a central position to the concept of perceived risk in the explanation of such phenomena. The growing importance lent to emotional states in the explanation of some of the consumer’s attitudes underlines today the necessity to widen this approach. This research thus offers to understand the different changes in the buying/consuming behaviour as the outcome of a deterioration process of the link initially established between the protagonists of the sector and the consumer. This process originates from the appearance of an event (in case of a product recall, or an accident, a food poisoning, or malpractice) that is unusual and worrying enough to craw the attention of some individuals who, therefore, develop various emotional and cognitive reactions. These reactions simultaneously lead to question the confidence initially put in the protagonists of the food sector. Withdrawing from the relationship eventually leads individuals to stop buying/consuming temporarily or permanently, to look for detailed information, or to change products or supplying sources, and also to spread negative rumours or taken boycott actions. The purpose of this research work consists in showing that taking into account the emotional reactions resulting from the crisis situation leads to a better understanding of the deterioration process in the relation between the consumers and protagonists of the food sector. This demonstration required the implementation of a new concept, “the crisis affect”, defined as “a subjective and relative concept aiming at synthesizing all the emotional reactions which are the most commonly and collectively felt by the consumers who are confronted with a crisis situation, and of its scale. The results that are obtained clearly underline the improvement that results from taking into account this concept in the explanation of the loss of confidence and of the changes in buying/consuming behaviour
Salah, Kamela. "Incorporation des protéines de canola dans du pain sans gluten : impact technologique et modélisation du processus de cuisson". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27208.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study aimed at developing a gluten-free food matrix by incorporating canola proteins in white rice flour bread formulation. This matrix offers to persons intolerant to gluten a product with good quality such as including enhanced mass volume, honeycomb structure, attractive color, and good nutritional value. In the first step, we tested five formulations, namely control-1 (100% wheat flour), control-2 (100% rice flour), rice flour + 3% PC, rice flour + 6% PC and rice flour + 9% PC. At each single manufacturing step, the initial and final products have been characterized using different techniques including volume expansion, temperature profile during fermentation and cooking, pH (acidity), water loss, mass volume, colorimetric analysis, total protein content, and texture profile analysis. At the second step, two independent variables were added: shortening (1, 2, 3%) and xanthan gum (0.5, 1, 1.5%) in order to improve the mass volume of the loaf obtained by the best formulation among the five tested in the first step. Thereafter, correction attempts have been made to the obtained products by adding sodium bicarbonate (0.5, 1 and 1.5%) and canola oil instead of shortening (1, 2, 3%). Bread making tests showed different mass volumes and honeycomb structures of lower quality compared to those of control-1 bread (2.518 mL/g), but significantly higher than those of control-2 (1.417 mL / g). The highest mass volume of 1.777 mL/g was obtained with the following bread formulation: 6% 0.5% PC + GH + B + 1.5% H3%. In summary, this project demonstrated the positive impact of canola proteins incorporation into white rice flour-based gluten-free bread. These results contribute to the progress of current research focusing on substituting gluten by other proteins having good technofunctional properties.
Ali-Haimoud, Djamila. "Etude des effets d'un apport oral d'avoparcine et de monensine sur l'utilisation digestive et métabolique de la ration chez la vache laitière". Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT006A.
Pełny tekst źródłaStridfeldt, Monika. "La perception du français oral par des apprenants suédois". Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Modern Languages, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-524.
Pełny tekst źródłaSwedish learners of French often experience large difficulties in understanding spoken French. Words that the learners know very well when written or when pronounced separately are often hard to recognize in the speech flow. The aim of this study is to examine Swedish learners’ perception of French speech in order to identify the problems.
The thesis consists of two parts. The first part provides an introduction to the perception of a second language. It also describes the phonological structures of Swedish and French and gives an overview of studies of the perception of spoken French.
The second part of the thesis contains a presentation and an analysis of four perception experiments conducted with Swedish learners of French. The results show that the learners often confuse phonological contrasts that do not exist in Swedish. It is furthermore found that the phonological processes of schwa deletion, liaison, enchaînement and voicing assimilation contribute to the perception problems. However, although liaison may complicate word recognition the results indicate that the so-called potential liaison does so to an even greater extent. In a listening test using nonsense words, the learners seem actually to expect liaison when perceiving a word that can be linked to a following nonsense word. In fact, sequences like un navas and un avas are both perceived as un avas. Paradoxically, liaison thus seems to be most problematic when it does not occur.
As to schwa deletion, the results show that word recognition is delayed when the schwa in the first syllable is deleted, as in la s’maine. In addition, the learners make a large number of errors due to schwa deletion. This phonological process sometimes completely prevents word recognition, especially when combined with a voicing assimilation. Schwa deletion thus seems to strongly complicate Swedish learners’ word recognition in spoken French.
Repoux, Marie. "Rôle des caractéristiques de l'aliment (composition, texture,) et de l'individu (flux salivaire, mastication…) sur la libération des composés d'arôme et ébauche du lien libération - perception". Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOS115/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaPas de résumé en anglais
Virin, Teddy. "Modélisation, optimisation et contrôle d'un processus d'épandage pour les applications agricoles". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00717799.
Pełny tekst źródłaThierry, Guillaume. "Exploration des processus phonologiques, lexicaux et sémantiques de compréhension du langage oral en potentiels evoqués et en imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle". Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20037.
Pełny tekst źródłaBillion, Camille. "Rôle des acteurs du commerce et de la distribution dans les processus de gouvernance alimentaire territoriale". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAL017/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaFood became a subject of major interest since the 2000’s, for consumers as well as for public actors, who gradually address food issues. This phenomenon is mainly related to the recognition of dysfunctions and crisis prevailing in the agro-industrial and dominant food system. Consequently, food production and distribution re-localization initiatives multiplied, aiming at developing “Alternative Food Networks” (AFNs). However, the recent focus on these networks, frequently based on short food supply chains, has led to leave aside some intermediary actors in the food systems, such as food distributors. Food distributors include independent retailers (butchers, grocers, etc.), supermarket chains, wholesalers and new emerging forms of retailing. Distributors are central to the food systems and perform specific functions, allowing them to play a special role in food system re-localization.The recent dynamics in the food sector has brought new interactions within the food system, bringing out issues of change in food governance mechanisms. Thus, this thesis studies the emergence of a food governance at a territorial level. We particularly examine the integrative nature of territorial food governance processes, studying one specific actor: food distributors.First, we analyzed three French case studies in Nantes, Lyon and Figeac, describing the ongoing governance processes, but also some of the difficulties related to addressing food issues by public actors. The integrative nature of food governance processes seems limited, regarding the absence of food distributors and retailers in these processes. Then, we conducted a “territorial” work by studying a territory, the “Grand Clermont” in Auvergne, to analyze food distributors’ practices regarding local foods. This approach highlights the types of interactions established between food distributors and public actors, but also the issues at the heart of these interactions. More generally, we describe the difficult identification of food distributors by public actors, mostly due to a lack of knowledge – and sometimes to mistrust – towards these actors. However, food distributor’s intervention in some food sectors (i. e. local economy, nutrition, etc.) can help thinking their potential integration to territorial food governance processes. Finally, this thesis outlines the main obstacles and constraints to the implementation of territorial food governance processes, from a distributor’s perspective. In particular, it highlights the specific role territorial public actors play in these mechanisms, initiating public food programs and federating stakeholders around food issues. Moreover, food distributor’s intervention in various food sectors can be seen as a potential way to build a territorial food governance
Scheppler, Gwenn. "« Je suis le premier spectateur » : l’œuvre de Pierre Perrault ou le cinéma comme processus". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20017.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis aims to a better understanding of the ways in which Pierre Perrault’s work interacted with Québécois society during the Quiet Revolution and with the ideas on which it was based.Specifically, it will focus on the way in which the filmmaker’s artistic conception might have been influenced by Québécois popular culture and how it has, in turn, reinvested it. I will analyse the relationships between the filmmaker’s work and three distinct contexts: the representations of the Québécois nation and their historicity in the 20th century; the ambivalent relationship between cinema and Québécois society since the birth of this mass media; and the reminiscences of oral tradition in popular culture and cinema.In order to properly understand Perrault’s creative practice an its inscription in the Québécois society, I propose to consider his work from a global perspective, which includes the films and the essays, as well as the film production and distribution, with the idea that all these elements formed in fact a coherent and indivisible whole in the ways in which Perrault thought of his filmmaking. I thus suggest the idea that the “cinéma de la parole” must be considered from a fresh perspective: its core or its meaning are not specifically found in the films themselves, nor in their reception, but in a long “process” of sharing that begins before the film’s recording and that is meant to continue beyond the screening of the finished work: the true aim of Perrault’s cinema is the very process of exchange, of interrelation and co-definition. The concept of “process”, which will be developed throughout this entire study, constitutes a frame for its “contextual” analysis. It also encompasses the way in which the filmmaker conceived his work as cinematographer; my analysis can thus be situated within a hermeneutic tradition.Finally, describing and analysing Perrault’s cinema in terms of process also allows us to consider a different conception of film based on Perrault’s example: a complex historical and socio-cultural phenomenon intimately tied to the evolutions of a given society, and whose meanings depend on the contexts in which it grows and with which it maintains a relationship based on exchange
Lecuelle, Guillaume. "Analyse et modélisation de la Dominance Temporelle des Sensations à l'aide de processus stochastiques". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCK031/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaTemporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS) is a technique to measure temporal perception of food product during tasting. For a panelist, it consists in choosing in a list of attributes which one is dominant at any time. This work aims to model TDS data with a stochastic process and proposes to use semi-Markov processes (SMP), a generalization of Markov chains which allows dominance durations to be modeled by any type of distribution. The model can then be used to compare TDS samples based on likelihood ratio. Because probabilities of transition from one attribute to another one can also depend on time, we propose to model TDS by period and we propose a method to select optimally the number of periods and the frontiers between periods. Graphs built upon the stochastic pattern can be plotted to represent main chronological transitions between attributes. Finally, this work introduces new statistical models based on finite mixtures of semi-Markov processes in order to derive consumer segmentation based on individual differences in temporal perception of a product.The methods are applied to various TDS datasets: chocolates, fresh cheeses and Gouda cheeses. Results show that SMP modeling gives new information about temporal perception compared to classical methods. It particularly emphasizes the existence of several perceptions for a same product in a panel, whereas classical methods only provide a mean panel overview. Furthermore, as far as we know, this work is the first one that considers mixtures of semi-Markov processes
Toua, Léonie. "Enjeux du conte de source orale dans le processus d’éducation langagière en contexte scolaire.Intervention didactique dans quatre collèges francophones au Cameroun". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAL012.
Pełny tekst źródłaOften considered as a linguistic and narrative process reserved to children, tale's approach can not be overlooked in Cameroonian socio-cutural and anthropological context. Even though, nowadays, there is an evident development and the expasion of a rampant writing culture. In fact, in oral tradition, tale occupies an essential place in the learning process. But, then, how, and with what specific pedagogy, the tale can be hepful for pupils in their curriculum as far as learning is concerned ? Since, each tale is mainly given orally, how can it be proposed to learners who are of a different cultural background, namely, a writing culture ? In this work, taking into consideration didactic approach of educational actors, our main purpose is to establish that the pedagogic dimension of tale does not rely only on its artistic relevance but has a primordial role in oral tradition. Consequently our results first of all show that trough this cultural chanel, that is, tale, is an efficient instrument for a reliable communication in oral tradition; tale is a bridge in cultural transmission. Secondly, by using tale's approach, learners are better equiped in their narrative skills. Therefore, the present work puts accross the importance of tales in oral tradition speciffically and in a writing culture as well. Indeed tale is a valuable pedadogic agent. As our research work try to show, tale can no longer be considered as a pure playful and childish literature, but an indispensable vector of intercultural identity in Cameroonian context. Taking into account various levels of mediation, the present work proposes concrete linguistic activities, not from the tales gathered in various textbooks of the official schools' curricula, but from a new directory which may enable eventual users to explore the didactic approach yet to be discovered in tale's wisdom
Scheppler, Gwenn. "« Je suis le premier spectateur » : l’œuvre de Pierre Perrault ou le cinéma comme processus". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20017.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis aims to a better understanding of the ways in which Pierre Perrault’s work interacted with Québécois society during the Quiet Revolution and with the ideas on which it was based.Specifically, it will focus on the way in which the filmmaker’s artistic conception might have been influenced by Québécois popular culture and how it has, in turn, reinvested it. I will analyse the relationships between the filmmaker’s work and three distinct contexts: the representations of the Québécois nation and their historicity in the 20th century; the ambivalent relationship between cinema and Québécois society since the birth of this mass media; and the reminiscences of oral tradition in popular culture and cinema.In order to properly understand Perrault’s creative practice an its inscription in the Québécois society, I propose to consider his work from a global perspective, which includes the films and the essays, as well as the film production and distribution, with the idea that all these elements formed in fact a coherent and indivisible whole in the ways in which Perrault thought of his filmmaking. I thus suggest the idea that the “cinéma de la parole” must be considered from a fresh perspective: its core or its meaning are not specifically found in the films themselves, nor in their reception, but in a long “process” of sharing that begins before the film’s recording and that is meant to continue beyond the screening of the finished work: the true aim of Perrault’s cinema is the very process of exchange, of interrelation and co-definition. The concept of “process”, which will be developed throughout this entire study, constitutes a frame for its “contextual” analysis. It also encompasses the way in which the filmmaker conceived his work as cinematographer; my analysis can thus be situated within a hermeneutic tradition.Finally, describing and analysing Perrault’s cinema in terms of process also allows us to consider a different conception of film based on Perrault’s example: a complex historical and socio-cultural phenomenon intimately tied to the evolutions of a given society, and whose meanings depend on the contexts in which it grows and with which it maintains a relationship based on exchange
Demonteil, Lauriane. "Development of food texture acceptance during early childhood : relationships with oral feeding behaviour and early food experience". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCK007.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis aimed to characterize which food textures are accepted at a given age between 4 to 36 mo of age, and to identify factors (children’s characteristics, feeding skills and maternal feeding practices) that contribute to food texture acceptance in France. To meet these purposes a cross-sectional survey intended for mothers having children aged between 4 and 36 mo (n=3079 answers analysed) measuring declared acceptance and a prospective longitudinal study with children aged between 6 and 18 mo (n=49) measuring actual acceptance were carried out. Results from the survey, which covered a larger range of food textures, showed that over the first year, infants were mainly exposed to foods in pureed forms, whereas pieces and double textures (e.g. puree with pieces) were introduced after 12 mo. Factors such as the development of feeding skills (number of teeth; ability to eat autonomously) and some maternal feeding practices (age of CF, type of food preparation) were associated with a higher food texture exposure. The acceptance of food with different textures increased steadily up to 3 years, with a sharper increase for soft and hard solid foods from 13-15mo. The acceptance was dependent of the child’s feeding skills readiness, and was strongly associated with the child exposure to food with different textures. Results from the experimental study showed that most of the food textures offered in the study were accepted by children from 6 mo onward. At each studied age, children’s food acceptance and feeding behaviours varied according to the food textures; from 10 mo, chewing predominated over sucking. As found in the survey approach, the food texture exposure was the best predictor of food texture acceptance. Taking into account these detailed results could make it possible to establish new guidelines with regards to food texture introduction in France, and to develop food products for infants and toddlers including these learning
Debure, Antoine. "Crédibiliser pour expertiser : le Codex Alimentarius et les comités d'experts FAO-OMS dans la production réglementaire internationale de sécurité sanitaire des aliments". Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0054.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe scientific expertise, produced for the Codex Alimentarius by international committees of the FAO and the WHO, has a growing central role in the regulation of food production and international trade. It is this role and the questions arising from the relation between science and policy that this research work explores by analyzing the “credibilization processes” of expertise. The theoretical framework articulates Sociology of organizations, Sociology of science as well as central concepts of political sociology. The relationship between science and policy is known to be unstable. The FAO-WHO’s expertise is even more unstable with regard to its participation in the international normalization/standardization which has an enforceable power over national regulation systems. This dissertation demonstrates that the “credibilization processes” in which different actors are involved (experts, institutions, regulators, industries, consumers…) enables to reduce this instability. By engaging in these processes, actors obtain the resources to negotiate their position in the relationship to their advantage, and are able to avoid criticism at the same time. We consider the “credibilization processes” as a set of strategies aiming at strengthening “the subject’s ability to state and to take action”, a notion that exceeds the limits of “authority” and “legitimacy”, other central notions. Processes are grasped by analyzing strategies and behavior of institutions as well as experts in their transnational networks and in the course of FAO-WHO collective expertise. The “credibilization processes” rest upon three interdependent dimensions: a procedural credibilization, a collaborative credibilization and a deliberative credibilization. This research illustrates an expertise that is inseparable from the “credibilization processes”. The credibilization is both the result of interdependencies along the expertise, and a prerequisite for interdependencies to exist in order to produce an expertise. The “credibilization processes” analysis unveils a plural expertise, more specifically in between a “traditional” model and a “precautionary” model. Finally, this dissertation questions the relevance of maintaining science and policy separated; a separation always reasserted by national and international authorities, but remaining however implicitly adjusted in practice
Bernardin, Nicolas. "Etude et développement d'un dispositif radiométrique : application au contrôle de température en ligne et sans contact dans les équipements de surgélation cryogénique". Lille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL10149.
Pełny tekst źródłaFood products are often subjected to processes which generate important internal thermal gradients. As existing temperature measurement systems do not provide reliable information, volume temperature measurements, such as microwave radiometry which allows this, are gaining great interest. The work presented here concerns the design of a radiometric device in order to measure on-line and contactless the instantaneous average volume temperature of food products in cryogenic deep freezing tunnels. The range of measurable temperatures (for a food product) extends from -35°C to +40°C, with a precision lower than one degree centigrade, in a temperature of environment ranging between -140°C and +25°C. The tests are carried out on a cryogenic deep freezing tunnel (HIMALAYA from AIR LIQUIDE). The results were verified using thermocouple measurements and thermal modeling, for various configurations (products in the bulk, single products, various conveyor belt speeds)
Stamboli-Rodriguez, Celina. "Le rôle de la nostalgie du pays d'origine dans le processus d'acculturation des immigrés de première et deuxième génération : Cas de consommations alimentaire et médiatique des immigrés turcs en France". Paris 9, 2011. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2011PA090085.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this research is to understand the role of home country nostalgia in the acculturation process. In this respect, two consumption areas relevant to our exploratory research were chosen: food and media. We adopted an ethnographic research method. Two dimensions of nostalgia, permanent and contextual, and three types of nostalgia, home nostalgia, herited nostalgia and country of origin nostalgia, were defined based on the verbatims. We claim that nostalgia becomes a factor of acculturation, and of reculturation for the second generation immigrants. Consumption is a sign of this acculturation and reculturation. This study reflects concret examples of how ethnic identity is subject to bricolage and is consumed (Bouchet, 1995). Finally, a nostalgic immigrant consumer typology was held and different consumption types were defined for each consumer type: amateurs of nostalgia – passionate consumption, nostal
Terrier, Linda. "Méthodologie linguistique pour l'évaluation des restitutions et analyse expérimentale des processus de didactisation du son : recommandations pour un apprentissage raisonné de la compréhension de l'anglais oral par les étudiants francophones du secteur LANSAD". Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1554/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis PhD thesis was motivated by the weak level of French university student using English for specific purposes in listening to English. We first established which aspects of English phonology may cause listening comprehension difficulties for native speakers of French. We then analyzed the place of phonology and listening skills in the history of English teaching in France and the cognitive processes involved in the act of listening to a foreign language. We concluded this review by suggesting that focus should be put on teaching and learning the language through written transcriptions of oral documents, rather than on listening strategies. This proposed change in the instructional paradigm invited research into new modes of listening to audio or video files and we chose to explore the value of a didactic approach to sound-editing within the framework of the Cognitive Load Theory. The hypothesis is that the sound-editing processes studied could reduce the intrinsic and extraneous cognitive loads linked to the task of understanding spoken English. However, checking this hypothesis against empirical data required possessing a valid tool to assess listening comprehension through written transcriptions. A linguistic methodology was built to that purpose and applied to the quantitative analysis of transcriptions written by students during the four experiments conducted to validate our working hypothesis. A qualitative analysis was also carried out. The results of both these analyses point the way to new proposals regarding teaching and learning English listening comprehension skills based on innovative multimedia instructional designs within a blended learning environment
Lulovicova, Andrea. "Évaluation environnementale des systèmes alimentaires territoriaux : Apports de l'analyse du cycle de vie territoriale à la construction et à l'évaluation des processus de reterritorialisation durables des systèmes agroalimentaires en France". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ2002.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe current climatic and environmental upheavals deeply impact our society and ecosystems. Food production and consumption play an essential role in these disruptions. The globalized food system, characterized by mass production and consumption and a disconnect between producers and consumers, places significant pressure on territories and their resources. To address this, the reterritorialization of food is emerging as a promising solution for a more sustainable food system. France is at the forefront of this initiative, with the recent development of Territorial Food Projects (Projets Alimentaires Territoriaux, PAT) led by local authorities. These projects aim to promote a local and sustainable food economy while supporting short supply chains. However, despite their potential, the environmental impacts of these initiatives remain understudied. Most current studies compare short and long food supply chains, focusing on transportation-related impacts. Consequently, they do not consider the systemic benefits associated with the development of more sustainable practices within local food systems. To respond to this issue, this thesis adapts the Territorial Life Cycle Assessment (TLCA) methodology to assess local food systems from a systemic and environmental perspective. This adapted methodology is applied to two diverse territories in France and their local food systems: the municipality of Mouans-Sartoux and the Finistere department. Both territories are pioneers in implementing food territorial projects (PAT). The environmental assessment of the two local food systems reveals the extent of both direct and indirect impacts, notably related to imported products and agricultural inputs. The results demonstrate that transportation played a minor role in these impacts. Both local systems heavily depend on imports to feed their inhabitants. The short food supply chains, and consequently their impact, remain limited. The assessment of the impact of the Mouans-Sartoux local food policies demonstrates positive effects since their implementation. An estimated reduction in environmental impact equals approximately 20 % of the entire local food system's impact, particularly in terms of climate change and land use. In Finistere, the prospective analysis highlights the potential benefits of local strategies, particularly in connection with the promotion of agroecological practices. In conclusion, this interdisciplinary work confirms the relevance of life cycle assessment methodologies for local planning and assessment. It equally reveals the potential of local food policies to contribute to the ecological transition
Romagny, Sébastien. "Processus sensoriels, cognitifs et comportementaux impliqués dans la perception des mélanges odorants alimentaires complexes chez le lapin nouveau-né et l'Homme". Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS004/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWithin each breath, a large diversity of volatiles molecules of the surrounding reaches our olfactory receptors. Despite the chemical complexity of the natural environment, the organisms succeed to represent their world using single odorants or mixtures. The treatment is then based on two processes: the elemental mode, which allows extracting the odor quality of all or some of the elements, or the configural mode which allows the holistic representation of the mixture. In this doctoral thesis, we evaluated the influence of some physicochemical parameters, the number of odorants included in a mixture and the developmental stage of an organism in the perception of mixtures in the rabbit and the Human. The results confirm that the perception of configurations is shared by the two models even if the modality of their emergence can be distinct, at least in part. Our findings support the idea that in mixture, several elements or association of elements can carry a perceptual weight leading to the elemental, or configural perception, respectively. These weights can be influenced by several mixture physicochemical parameters, especially their complexity, but can also be partially modified by experience and development. Finally, these works brings original results allowing to better understand how an organism, at different period of its individual life, achieves the extraction of biologically relevant odorants or mixtures of odorants from the highly chemical environment
Dhellemmes, Alice. "Impact de la voie d'administration des anticancéreux sur la qualité de vie des patients : rôles des processus transactionnels et bénéfices d'une éducation thérapeutique". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20020.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe transfer of chemotherapy from the hospital towards the home patient and the increase of oral anticancer drugs prescriptions has radically transformed the therapeutic pattern for cancer patients. It is unprecedented in the oncology field and it increase the patients’ own responsibility for the effectiveness of the protocol from the dispensing to the management of side effects. Being away from healthcare professionals and supportive care leads patients to also manage the psychological consequences of the illness. The first study is transversal with a comparative purpose between the representations of disease and treatments, self-efficacy and the quality of life of patients treated with oral cancer drugs and those treated with intravenous chemotherapy. Regressions analysis indicate the role of self-efficacy and representations as mediating variable in the relationship administration route – quality of life. The second study aim to develop and evaluate a therapeutic patient education. A preliminary feasibility study with test patients is carried out. Then, the second part of the study is exploratory. The aim is to show the immediate and/or long term effects of therapeutic education. The mixed methodology explores the psychological impact of the disease announcement and the initiation of the oral treatment, the educational patients needs and whether the are consistent with the recommendations of the literature. In addition, statistical analysis assess the evolution of disease and treatment representations, the self-efficacy and the quality of life for cancer patients. Finally, comparing the results of participants in therapeutic education with tose of a control group shows the effectiveness of the therapeutic education
Léonard, Julie. "Des cours de fermes à l'Unesco : la patrimonialisation du fest-noz en Bretagne". Thesis, Amiens, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AMIE0032.
Pełny tekst źródłaNomination file n° 707 - Wednesday December 5th, 2012. UNESCO headquarter, Paris. The Unesco Intergovemmental Committee for the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage (ICH) proclaims the inscription of the fest-noz on the representative List of the ICH of humanity Resulting from a long term ethnographie study, this research focuses on the way how an International category such as the ICH has been applied to a local context (here, Brittany, France), and supported by a State unwilling to acknowledge its communities. The institutionalization, as a global standard, of the social actors's participation for the safeguarding of the ICH invites us to take a closer look at the various actors who form the heritage community bearing the fest-noz's application. From a historical synthesis, these actors will be reviewed as the continuation of identity initiatives which since the 19th century, have contributed to build the depictions of Brittany from a rural society of which the traditional culture would be the expression. Understanding the ICH as a new political category of public action, the goal is also to analyse the contemporary strategies regarding the heritage status turning local revival practices into a heritage process representative of global cultural values
Pinault, Florian. "Apprentissage par renforcement pour la généralisation des approches automatiques dans la conception des systèmes de dialogue oral". Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933937.
Pełny tekst źródłaZoghlami, Naouel. "Processus ascendants et descendants en compréhension de l'oral en langue étrangère - Problèmes et retombées didactiques pour la compréhension de l'anglais". Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080041.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis focuses on the complex relationship between bottom-up and top-down processes in L2 speech comprehension; i.e. between the use of the signal and the linguistic input on one hand, and the integration of various types of knowledge (linguistic, discourse, pragmatic, general) on the other hand. Despite a large body of research on the cognitive processes underlying listening in psycholinguistics, foreign language (L2) acquisition and teaching (e.g., Cutler & Clifton, 1999; Field, 2008a; Rost, 2002; Brown, 1990), there are still gaps in our understanding of these processes and the impact certain factors have on listening comprehension. Assuming that L1 and L2 listening follow the same cognitive architecture, we first review recent psycholinguistic models of L1 listening. We also examine the main factors constraining L2 listening comprehension. As our summary of the few SLA studies that have investigated the role of bottom-up information and the strategic behavior of L2 listeners points to the important contribution of metacognition, we clarify the terminological fuzziness characterizing this concept, and propose a model of metacognition in real-world unidirectional L2 listening. We then present the results of a study that we conducted to investigate the exact contribution of these different factors to L2 listening. The participants in this study were EFL French and Tunisian teachers (n=23) and learners (n=226). Using mixed quantitative (different tests and questionnaires) and qualitative (protocol analysis and gating experiments - Ericsson & Simon, 1993; Grosjean, 1980) methods, our aim was to investigate: 1) the factors perceived by learners and teachers as influencing L2 listening; 2) the relative contribution of linguistic knowledge, auditory discrimination, spoken word recognition (SWR), and meta-comprehension knowledge to successful L2 listening; 3) on-line listening problems and strategy use. For all of these parameters, we looked more closely at different levels of listening proficiency (various analyses of the performance of skilled and unskilled L2 listeners), as well as the possible influence of the two L1s (French and Tunisian Arabic) involved in the study.Our analyses show that: 1) there is a general discrepancy between what is perceived as making L2 listening difficult and what really renders it problematic; 2) SWR and vocabulary knowledge contribute significantly to the variance in L2 listening, with SWR being a stronger predictor; 3) listening problems encountered on-line are mainly lower-level (segmentation) and, although strategies contribute to speech comprehension, they are not discriminatory. What characterizes a proficient L2 listener seems to be accurate formal processing, not strategic processing of oral input. The findings are discussed from a theoretical and pedagogical perspective. Keywords: listening comprehension, French and Tunisian learners of L2 English, bottom-up and top-down processes, formal processing, integration and situation model, attentional resources, gating, protocol analysis, comparative analysis
Petitjean-Villemejane, Cindy. "Formulation raisonnée de biscuits à bénéfice satiété : approches physicochimique, nutritionnelle et sensorielle". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0007.
Pełny tekst źródłaCookies enriched with protein and/or fiber, and containing little fat and sugar, were formulated by optimizing both compositional parameters, in particular the water content of the dough, and process parameters such as kneading, shaping by rotary molding machine and baking. Formulation tools have been developed to optimize this phase. These include a sensory tool for predicting the machinability of molded doughs, and a mathematical tool for predicting the hydration of cookie doughs as a function of their protein and/or fiber composition. The first prototyping stage, carried out on a laboratory scale, resulted in the formulation of around 250-300 recipes. The prototypes then underwent three successive multi-criteria selections (250-300 -> 40 -> 14 -> 4 recipes), with product manufacture carried out at pilot scale. The transfer of scale from laboratory to pilot was optimized by precisely identifying the control and state variables in the cookie production diagram. The prototyping stage enabled the selection of relevant candidates (proteins and fibers) for enrichment. From the initial 250-300 recipes, 40 were selected on the basis of composition and machinability criteria, and were characterized from a sensory point of view (carried out by Kraft). From these 40 recipes, 14 were selected to be representative of the sensory space generated by the 40 recipes. On these 14 recipes, satiation and satiety studies were carried out by other project participants (task 2 and task 3), leading to the final selection of 4 recipes: a control recipe, a protein-enriched recipe, a fiber-enriched recipe and a protein + fiber-enriched recipe. In vitro digestions were carried out on these 4 models, using a sophisticated and dynamic tool, TIM-1, to follow the evolution of viscosity and hydrolysis of proteins and starch along the gastrointestinal tract. The instrumental characterizations carried out on selected products at different stages of the selection process demonstrated the importance of the effect of dough hydration and/or protein and/or fiber enrichment on i) the dimensional properties of dough pieces and cookies, ii) the rheological properties at cookie breakage, iii) the state of starch after baking, and iv) the contribution to viscosity and component degradation during digestion. These characterizations also ensured good reproducibility during the different phases of industrial production. The results of the in vitro digestions will be compared with those of the in vivo study
Zoghlami, Naouel. "Processus ascendants et descendants en compréhension de l'oral en langue étrangère - Problèmes et retombées didactiques pour la compréhension de l'anglais". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080041.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis focuses on the complex relationship between bottom-up and top-down processes in L2 speech comprehension; i.e. between the use of the signal and the linguistic input on one hand, and the integration of various types of knowledge (linguistic, discourse, pragmatic, general) on the other hand. Despite a large body of research on the cognitive processes underlying listening in psycholinguistics, foreign language (L2) acquisition and teaching (e.g., Cutler & Clifton, 1999; Field, 2008a; Rost, 2002; Brown, 1990), there are still gaps in our understanding of these processes and the impact certain factors have on listening comprehension. Assuming that L1 and L2 listening follow the same cognitive architecture, we first review recent psycholinguistic models of L1 listening. We also examine the main factors constraining L2 listening comprehension. As our summary of the few SLA studies that have investigated the role of bottom-up information and the strategic behavior of L2 listeners points to the important contribution of metacognition, we clarify the terminological fuzziness characterizing this concept, and propose a model of metacognition in real-world unidirectional L2 listening. We then present the results of a study that we conducted to investigate the exact contribution of these different factors to L2 listening. The participants in this study were EFL French and Tunisian teachers (n=23) and learners (n=226). Using mixed quantitative (different tests and questionnaires) and qualitative (protocol analysis and gating experiments - Ericsson & Simon, 1993; Grosjean, 1980) methods, our aim was to investigate: 1) the factors perceived by learners and teachers as influencing L2 listening; 2) the relative contribution of linguistic knowledge, auditory discrimination, spoken word recognition (SWR), and meta-comprehension knowledge to successful L2 listening; 3) on-line listening problems and strategy use. For all of these parameters, we looked more closely at different levels of listening proficiency (various analyses of the performance of skilled and unskilled L2 listeners), as well as the possible influence of the two L1s (French and Tunisian Arabic) involved in the study.Our analyses show that: 1) there is a general discrepancy between what is perceived as making L2 listening difficult and what really renders it problematic; 2) SWR and vocabulary knowledge contribute significantly to the variance in L2 listening, with SWR being a stronger predictor; 3) listening problems encountered on-line are mainly lower-level (segmentation) and, although strategies contribute to speech comprehension, they are not discriminatory. What characterizes a proficient L2 listener seems to be accurate formal processing, not strategic processing of oral input. The findings are discussed from a theoretical and pedagogical perspective. Keywords: listening comprehension, French and Tunisian learners of L2 English, bottom-up and top-down processes, formal processing, integration and situation model, attentional resources, gating, protocol analysis, comparative analysis
Alonzo, Macias Maritza. "Etudes comparatives de différents processus de séchage de fraise par air chaud, lyophilisation et autovaporisation instantanée : application à la préservation des contenus biologiques". Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01066753.
Pełny tekst źródłaPloyon, Sarah. "Interactions entre muqueuse orale, salive et molécules de la flaveur". Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS037/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe role of saliva in food sensory perception is increasingly recognized, especially through physicochemical interactions occurring between salivary proteins and food components. This work focuses on the mucosal pellicle, a layer of salivary proteins anchored onto epithelial cells, and aims at characterizing interactions that may occur between the proteins of the mucosal pellicle and flavour compounds. For that purpose, an in vitro model of oral mucosa was developed. A stable cell line (TR146/MUC1) was obtaining by transfecting the TR146 cell line in order to express the membrane bound mucin MUC1. In order to form a salivary pellicle, confluent cells were incubated with human saliva. A higher retention of salivary MUC5B by TR146/MUC1 cells was observed compared to TR146 cells, emphasising the involvement of MUC1 in MUC5B anchoring to epithelial cells. The model was applied to the investigation of interactions between the oral mucosa and aroma molecules and tannins. Measurements of partition coefficients by GC-FID revealed 1- the role of hydration of the mucosa on the release of the most hydrophilic compounds, 2- the ability of cells to metabolize some aroma compounds, 3- the absence of effect of the mucosal pellicle itself on aroma release at the thermodynamic equilibrium. Oppositely, analyses by PTR-MS evidenced an effect of the mucosa and of the pellicle on aroma release kinetic. Interactions between proteins of the mucosal pellicle and tannins modified structural characteristics of the pellicle, especially the coating of cells by salivary MUC5B. Sensory relevance for the phenomena of aroma persistence and astringency, respectively, are discussed
Rafrafi, Yan. "Impact des facteurs biotiques sur le réseau métabolique des écosystèmes producteurs d’hydrogène par voie fermentaire en culture mixte". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20249/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaNowadays mixed cultures are considered as a serious alternative to pure cultures in biotechnological processes. Mixed cultures can be operated continuously, under unsterile conditions and from various organic substrates. One of the most constraints remains the chronic instability of the mixed culture processes due to the presence of unwanted metabolic pathways resulting from complex microbial interactions. More particularly the role of bacteria in low abundance remains to be elucidated. Therefore this work consisted initially to determine the contribution of sub-dominant bacteria to fermentative hydrogen production using a chemostat continuously fed with a glucose-based medium. Seven inocula were grown under the same operating conditions. Interestingly, Clostridium pasteurianum was found as dominant in six assays on seven at steady state. Only the minority bacterial population differed with regards to their identity and diversity. Acting as true keystone species, these minority bacteria impacted substantially the metabolic network of the overall ecosystem despite their low abundance. In a second step, this work consisted in using some of these minority species as Ecological Engineers of Microbial Ecosystem (EEME). In order to study this aspect, the structure of a hydrogen-producing microbial community has been artificially modified by adding exogenous bacterial strains with redundant functions and/or complementary native strains. Results in batch reactors have shown that the hydrogen production performances could be improved to a 3.5 factor by the addition of certain strains. Results obtained can not be explained by simple trophic interactions and suggest the presence of interaction mechanism of cooperation among microorganisms. Moreover, under more favourable operating conditions (inoculum, culture medium), the addition of certain species in low abundance could stabilize the metabolism of microbial ecosystem without necessarily favourably affect the hydrogen production. In all cases, competitive interactions were not favourable for hydrogen production. Trials were then realised in continuous reactors. These trials have shown that the method used to implant strains in reactors could be a key factor for using the EEME.As a conclusion, this study has shown the potential to use exogenous bacteria, in minority proportions, as biotic factors to stabilised and/or guides microbial metabolisms to functions of interest within microbial mixed cultures
Carlier, Alexandra. "Mythes et rituels agropastoraux dans le Pérou ancien, 1000-1532 apr. J.C. une approche ethnoarchéologique dans la vallée haute du Chillón, province de Canta, département de Lima". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209530.
Pełny tekst źródładans la recherche et la mise en évidence des contingences historiques et géographiques locales, celles d'une zone des Andes Centrales.
The rituals related to the appeal for rain, to the cleaning of irrigation channels and to the cattle branding are analyzed and reconstituted with a pattern using the ethnographic, ethnohistorical and archaeological sources available. This pattern allows an interdisciplinary, diachronic and dynamic approach to the current and ancient population’s practices and to the patterns of thought that underlie them. The artefacts found in
excavations on the site of Huacosmarca are confronted with chronicles and documents of the colonial era and these throw light on ethnographic data collected from participant observation of those current rituals from the same geographic area: the high Chillon’s valley.
According to the ritual studied in this research, the gateway to the pattern’s application may vary but the analysis and reconstruction is always done through identified stages of
the same process. This approach criticizes the structuralist vision and the assumption of the continuity of prehispanic ritual practices through the centuries. It takes root in the research into the historical and geographical contingencies of the local area, those of the Central Andes.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Carbonell, Noëlle. "Reconnaissance de la parole continue et dialogue homme-machine : acquisition et mise en œuvre d'expertises". Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10423.
Pełny tekst źródłaJordan, lozano José. "Transmissions indirectes via l’environnement de pathogènes impliquées dans les gastroentérites aiguës de l’Homme à/autour de Bogotá (Colombie) Contamination of water, leafyvegetables and air by human enteric pathogens (GI and GII noroviruses, rotavirus type A, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Cryptosporidium spp.) in the suburb of Bogotá (Colombia) Mouse intestinal villi as a model system for studies of Norovirus infection". Thesis, Avignon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AVIG0359.
Pełny tekst źródłaAcute gastroenteritis affect between a quarter and a half of people in the World each year. They are responsible for significant morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Their direct or indirect transmissions via water, food, air or inert surfaces depend on their aetiology (viral, bacterial or parasitic) and the local context. Bogotá and its region have several specificities: wastewater are often discharged into rivers without or after primary treatment only, the deposit in landfill of toilet papers and diapers soiled by excrement, and the low consumption of fruits and vegetables largely restricted to a handful of relatively cheap products that may be irrigated by surface freshwaters heavily contaminated with faeces. Our PhD aimed to assess the fluxes of some human enteric pathogens in the region of Bogotá and to try to relate these fluxes to the population health. The PhD combined three contributions. First, a method for culturing the human norovirus has been developed using isolated mouse intestinal villi as a cell model exhibiting the full diversity of intestinal epithelial cells. Several concentrations of trypsin were tested to activate noroviruses; the method was applied to faecal and environmental samples. Second, contamination with E. coli and some human enteric pathogens was monitored in water (landfill leachate, runoff water, river, irrigation water, drinking water), leafy vegetables eaten raw (chards) and air (above a landfill, in rural areas, in urban areas) in the Bogotá region. Third, the impact of socioeconomic contexts and individual practices (food, hygiene and health) on cases of acute gastroenteritis was assessed from surveys carried out in one district of Bogotá and analysed by various tools (principal component analysis, modelling …). We have shown that mouse isolated intestinal villi allow the infection and replication of human norovirus. The virus has to be activated with trypsin and has an average replicative cycle of 10 h. Villi are efficient in obtaining abundant biological material and are ideal for studying the biological activity of norovirus or for generating antibodies. They made it possible to see infectious noroviruses not detected by molecular method in several faeces and environmental samples; almost all samples positive by molecular method or immunodot-blot contain infectious noroviruses. At the regional level, the discharges of wastewater in the Bogotá and Balsillas rivers and in Tres Esquinas march contaminate the irrigation network of La Ramada area in the northwest of Bogotá with E. coli and potentially human enteric pathogens. Chards harvested in this area were heavily contaminated, in contrast to other growing areas. Their contamination evolved from their production to their purchase in nearby stores, washings increasing or decreasing their contamination, and handling on the merchant's stalls increasing contamination. The air was often contaminated with E. coli and Shigella spp.; it was not possible to detect a particular contribution of the Doña Juana landfill in pathogen aerosolization. The presence of Shigella spp. was observed in parallel in more than half of the stools of people with diarrhoea. Surveys have shown that the annual frequency of acute gastroenteritis decreases with increasing age; it seemed less common in households with elderly people, possibly due to stricter food hygiene practices. A transmission model of acute gastroenteritis distinguishing contamination from outside the households and contaminations between people in the same households did not show significant differences between neighbourhoods. Used to simulate numerical experiments, it suggests working on much higher numbers of surveys
La gastroenteritis aguda afecta entre una cuarta parte y la mitad de las personas en el mundo cada año. Son responsables de importantes costos de morbilidad, mortalidad y asistencia sanitaria. Sus transmisiones directas o indirectas a través del agua, alimentos, aire o superficies inertes dependen de su etiología (viral, bacteriana o parasitaria) y del contexto local. Bogotá y su región aledaña tienen varias especificidades: las aguas residuales a menudo se vierten a los ríos sin o solo después de un tratamiento primario, el depósito de papel higiénico y pañales sucios con excrementos son dispuestos generalmente en un relleno sanitario, y el bajo consumo de frutas y verduras restringido en gran medida a un puñado de productos relativamente baratos pueden ser irrigados por aguas dulces superficiales muy contaminadas con excrementos. Nuestra tesis doctoral tuvo como objetivo evaluar los flujos de algunos patógenos entéricos humanos en la región de Bogotá y tratar de relacionar estos flujos con la salud de la población. El doctorado combinó tres contribuciones. En primer lugar, se desarrolló un método para cultivar el norovirus humano utilizando vellosidades intestinales aisladas de ratón como modelo celular que exhibe la diversidad completa de células epiteliales intestinales. Se probaron varias concentraciones de tripsina para activar norovirus; el método se aplicó a muestras fecales y ambientales. En segundo lugar, se evidenció la contaminación de E. coli y patógenos entéricos humanos en el agua (lixiviados de vertedero, agua de escorrentía, río, agua de riego, agua potable), vegetales de hoja que se comen crudos (acelgas) y aire (sobre un vertedero sanitario, así como en áreas rurales y urbanas) en la región de Bogotá. En tercer lugar, se evaluó el impacto de los contextos socioeconómicos y las prácticas individuales (alimentación, higiene y salud) frente a los casos de gastroenteritis aguda a partir de encuestas realizadas en una localidad de Bogotá y analizadas mediante diversas herramientas (análisis de componentes principales, modelización…). Con este doctorado, hemos demostrado que las vellosidades intestinales aisladas de ratón permiten la infección y la replicación del norovirus humano. El virus debe activarse con tripsina y tiene un ciclo replicativo promedio de 10 h. Las vellosidades son eficaces para obtener abundante material biológico y son ideales para estudiar la actividad biológica de los norovirus o para generar anticuerpos. Ellas permitieron ver norovirus infecciosos no detectados por método molecular en varias heces y muestras ambientales; casi todas las muestras positivas por método molecular o inmunodot-blot contienían norovirus infecciosos. A nivel regional, los vertidos de aguas residuales en los ríos Bogotá y Balsillas y en el humedal Tres Esquinas contaminan la red de riego La Ramada en el noroeste de Bogotá con E. coli y potencialmete con patógenos entéricos humanos. Las acelgas recolectadas en esta área resultaron muy contaminadas, a diferencia de otras áreas de cultivo. Su contaminación evolucionó desde la producción hasta su compra en las tiendas cercanas, los lavados aumentaron o disminuyeron su contaminación y la manipulación en los puestos de comercio aumentaron la contaminación. El aire a menudo estaba contaminado con E. coli y Shigella spp., sin poder atribuir al relleno sanitario Doña Juana un rol particular. A su vez la presencia de Shigella spp. se observó en paralelo en más de la mitad de las deposiciones de personas con diarrea. Las encuestas demostraron que la frecuencia anual de gastroenteritis aguda disminuye respecto al aumento en edad; parecía menos común en hogares con personas mayores, posiblemente debido a prácticas de higiene alimentaria más estrictas. Un modelo de transmisión de gastroenteritis aguda que distinguió la contaminación fuera de los hogares y las contaminaciones entre personas dentro de los mismos hogares no mostró diferencias significativas entre vecindarios
Loufrani, Samson. "Caractérisation du processus de commercialisation des firmes d'un secteur émergent : étude multi-cas de firmes du secteur des aliments fonctionnels et produits nutraceutiques du Québec". Mémoire, 2007. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/975/1/M9858.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaScheppler, Gwenn. ""Je suis le premier spectateur" : l'oeuvre de Pierre Perrault ou le cinéma comme processus". Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6639.
Pełny tekst źródłaOrea-Sanchez, René. "De l'ethnicité dans les langages musicaux contemporains : au-delà de l'exotisme : processus de composition de quatre oeuvres : Deux tempêtes et une langueur, Sept gestes ludiques, Azabache, Landocinogena". Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4683.
Pełny tekst źródłaCe mémoire de maîtrise présente une analyse des quatre œuvres qu j’ai composées entre l’automne 2007 et l’automne 2008, au cours du programme d’études : Deux tempêtes et une langueur (violoncelle et piano), Sept gestes ludiques (violon, cor et piano), Azabache (musique pour danse contemporaine, six musiciens) et Landocinógena (orchestre). Il s’agit de quatre projets aux concepts compositionnels différents ayant en commun, la plupart d’entre eux, une ligne directrice se traduisant par un lien avec des sources musicales de tradition orale. Ce volet m’a amené à développer un projet de maîtrise reposant sur une codirection entre composition et ethnomusicologie. Ces analyses seront précédées d’une introduction contextuelle. La dernière partie présentera des conclusions à caractère réflexif.
This Memory of Master Degree presents the analyses of the four works composed during the program (from Autumn 2007 to Autumn 2008): Two Storms and a Languor (cello and piano), Seven Playful Gestures (violin, horn and piano), Azabache (music for contemporary dance, six musicians) and Landocinógena (orchestra). Those projects have different compositional concepts. Nevertheless, the sources of oral musical traditions are the common link between the most of them. This view has conducted my interest to develop a co-direction in the field of Compositions and Ethnomusicology. These analyses will be preceded by a contextual Introduction and will close with some reflexives conclusions.
BASILI, Silvia. "Gli attuali scenari del commercio internazionale dei prodotti agroalimentari, tra vecchie e nuove questioni di sicurezza alimentare: una riflessone comparatistica ta UE, USA e CINA". Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11393/251081.
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