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Flinder, Sharon W. "Distributive and procedural justice: effects of outcomes, inputs and procedures". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40195.
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The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether the separate contributors to procedural and distributive justice also affected the other form of justice. Previous research investigating these cross over effects of justice contributors had not examined inputs in addition to outcomes and procedures, and had typically assumed outcome level to be equivalent to the equitableness of outcomes. Subjects were 120 undergraduate psychology students. Outcomes, inputs and procedures were manipulated in a laboratory experiment in order to assess their independent and combined effects on distributive and procedural justice perceptions. In contrast to past research, the current study found a weak and inconsistent effect of procedures on distributive justice perceptions. Outcome level had a strong effect on both procedural and distributive justice perceptions. In addition, outcome fairness was found to effect procedural justice perceptions. When procedures were fair, the equitableness of outcomes influenced distributive justice ratings. When procedures were unfair, however, the equitableness of outcomes did not influence distributive justice judgements. Implications for procedural justice conceptualizations, equity theory and organizations are discussed.Ph. D.
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DAI, MENGYAN. "PROCEDURAL JUSTICE DURING POLICE-CITIZEN ENCOUNTERS". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1186083725.
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Flint, Douglas. "Perceptions of procedural justice, group polarization effects". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ63705.pdf.
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Williams, Charisse P. "Procedural and distributive justice in the healthcare system". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0010504.
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Escutia, Xochitl. "Body-worn cameras, procedural justice, and police legitimacy". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10196208.
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As technology advances, law enforcement agencies continue to implement new strategies to effectively control crime and preserve social order. Over the past two years, several key events have shifted public concerns from crime control to police-community relations. In an effort to improve these relations and increase police legitimacy, many police agencies have recently implemented body-worn cameras. These devices have several presumed advantages, including the enhancement of procedural justice practices. Research on procedural justice links the quality of treatment and quality of officer decision-making to police legitimacy and higher levels of citizen satisfaction. Thus, this study analyzes how the application of body-worn cameras affects perceptions of procedural justice and citizen satisfaction. Using data collected from community member surveys, results show that fair officer treatment towards community members and impartial officer decision-making practices positively impact police interactions. Such practices combined with body-worn cameras can increase citizen satisfaction.
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Graham, Amanda K. "Measuring Procedural Justice: A Case Study in Criminometrics". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1560866087585078.
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Willis, Sonya Joy. "The case for case management: Justice, efficiency and procedural fairness in Australian civil procedure". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17825.
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This thesis evaluates the active case management provisions in Australian civil procedure. It answers the question of whether the current law achieves the competing aims of justice, efficiency and procedural fairness. In order to answer this question the thesis considers in detail the terms “justice”, “efficiency” and “procedural fairness.” Each of these concepts is found to be complex and yet undefined in the relevant civil procedure legislation. This lack of definition is shown to elevate the significance of the role of judicial discretion in case management. The thesis argues that the current active case management provisions shift the focus of the judiciary towards efficiency in a way which poses a threat to procedural fairness. This threat is shown to be heightened for procedures such as summary disposition and for self-represented and complex commercial litigants. The current active case management provisions, it is argued, provide too much scope for procedural unfairness, particularly in these types of cases. The thesis concludes with suggestions for fine tuning Australian active case management through increased judicial focus on procedural fairness.
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Wrenn, Kimberly Andrews. "The big five as predictors of procedural justice perceptions". Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-10142005-164431/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.Feldman, Jack, Committee Chair ; Maurer, Todd, Committee Co-Chair ; James, Lawrence, Committee Member ; Parsons, Charles, Committee Member ; Kirkman, Bradley, Committee Member. Includes bibliographical references.
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Martin, Christopher L. "Distribution and procedural justice : effects on satisfaction and commitment". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29169.
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Urbanska, Karolina. "Beyond procedural justice : responding to intergroup-level authority decisions". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2017. https://pure.qub.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/beyond-procedural-justice-responding-to-intergrouplevel-authority-decisions(d1e5b178-91a7-4683-b37a-ef8fa3c2b8c4).html.
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The present thesis builds on the relational models of procedural justice (RMPJ) put forward by Tyler and colleagues, which theorise about the importance of authorities being fair in the way they make their decisions. In this view, fair procedures symbolically inform people of their social standing in the society and through this, authorities can gain legitimacy. The present work expands on these models in two ways. First, it proposes that the analysis of authority-subordinate interactions should move beyond the individual-level research, to consider group and intergroup-level interactions. Secondly, it argues that identification with a social group in the first place can be a determinant of perceptions of fairness and the subsequent judgements of the decisions made by authorities. Eight experimental studies investigating group members’ responses to the intergroup-level authority decisions were conducted. The main findings suggest that (a) feelings of loyalty to one’s group increase preference for ingroup favouring decisions regardless of whether these decisions are fair or not, (b) culture and its underpinning values can shape perceptions of fairness in relation to authority decisions, and (c) people generally expect authorities to be fair to others regardless if they are of low or high social standing, but ideologies about the structure of the social hierarchy can inform these expectations of fairness. The findings are discussed in the light of the RMPJ and the implications for governing divided societies.
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Pósch, Krisztián. "Procedural justice theory and the black box of causality". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2018. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3805/.
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This thesis makes a theoretical and a methodological contribution. Theoretically, it tests certain predictions of procedural justice policing, which posits that neutral, fair, and respectful treatment by the police is the cornerstone of fruitful police-public relations, in that procedural justice leads to increased police legitimacy, and that legitimacy engenders societally desirable outcomes, such as citizens’ willingness to cooperate with the police and compliance with the law. Methodologically, it identifies and assesses causal mechanisms using a family of methods developed mostly in the field of epidemiology: causal mediation analysis. The theoretical and methodological aspects of this thesis converge in the investigation of (1) the extent to which procedural justice mediates the impact of contact with the police on police legitimacy and psychological processes (Paper 1), (2) the mediating role of police legitimacy on willingness to cooperate with the police and compliance with the law (Paper 3, Paper 4), and (3) the psychological drivers that channel the impact of procedural justice on police and legal legitimacy (Paper 2). This thesis makes use of a randomised controlled trial (Scottish Community Engagement Trial), four randomised experiments, and one experiment with parallel (encouragement) design on crowdsourced samples from the US and the UK (recruited through Amazon Turk and Prolific Academic). The causal evidence attests to the centrality of procedural justice, which mediates the impact of an encounter with the police on police legitimacy, and influences psychological processes and police legitimacy. Personal sense of power, not social identity, is the causal mediator of the effect of procedural justice on police and legal legitimacy. Finally, different aspects of legitimacy transmit the influence of procedural justice on distinct outcomes, with duty to obey affecting legal compliance and normative alignment affecting willingness to cooperate. In sum, most of the causal evidence is congruent with the theory of procedural justice.
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Murdoch, Lynda. "Outcome, satisfaction, and fairness, extending procedural justice research to lawyers". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0022/MQ51429.pdf.
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Ronkowski, Francis A. "Do batterers' perceptions of procedural justice predict readiness to change?" View full text, 2005.
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Page, Kevin. "Unlocking engagement : building cooperation and social capital using procedural justice". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.570449.
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Employee or staff engagement has an elusive, hidden quality with a premium appeal. Here, engagement specifically refers to behavioural engagement; the extent to which people cooperate in groups and exhibit pro-social helping behaviours. These are effects that have been associated with the field of procedural justice, a field which is concerned with the capacity of processes to enhance a sense of fairness and in so doing encouraging cooperation, trust, and organisational citizenship behaviours. This study has demonstrated that it is possible to rapidly increase engagement levels, evidenced by participation in innovation activities, and provide a way of sustaining this in the longer term through forming new trusting relationships. A range of process management techniques, communications tools, and managerial behaviours, based on a review of established theories in the field of procedural justice, was tested, validated and refined for their ability to contribute to attitude shifts related to encouraging behavioural engagement. These were integrated into an established innovation framework and employed in an elaborate and ambitious Action Research field study involving 750 people, and over 18 months of field work. This longitudinal qualitative research differd substantially from the correlation studies that are the norm in the field. Critically, it enabled justice to be researched 'as it was happening' and to develop theory based on the complex interplay of phenomena and rich context. Using an established model of procedural justice as an explanation, it was found that the quality of treatment participants received was significantly more important than the quality of the processes used to organise activities or make decisions, when attempting to encourage cooperative behaviour associated with innovation. Unlocking engagement was found to be about unlocking identification by providing a valuable reason for people to express discretionary behaviour and by appealing to socio-emotional motivations for increased status within the group or to reciprocate fair treatment. The changes experienced in the quality of relationships in the group, described in terms of social capital, were seen to contribute to the longer term value of the implementation approach used
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Campbell, Christopher M. "Student Perspectives on Procedural Justice and the University Judicial Process". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1237382026.
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Alderson, Maryanne. "Procedural Justice and Police Encounters with Homeless Injecting Drug Users". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10262703.
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The recent decline in police legitimacy (Gallup Poll, 2015) has increased the need for procedural justice. Law enforcement agencies that employ procedural justice can restore legitimacy, build trust, and enhance citizen satisfaction. Using secondary data collected from 99 homeless injecting drug users in Skid Row, Los Angeles, this study shows that despite the legal outcome of a police encounter (i.e., arrest, citation), when officers utilize procedural justice (e.g., act fairly, treat the individual with respect, and refrain from using unnecessary force, yelling or using inappropriate language), citizen satisfaction with the encounter is positive. This study provides compelling evidence for the need for procedurally just practices to re-establish the diminishing legitimacy of and trust in law enforcement agencies.
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Russell, Amy L. "Procedural justice and performance appraisal : a test of Greenberg's model /". Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03022010-020239/.
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Müller, Patrick A. "Beyond procedure's content - cognitive subjective experiences in procedural justice judgments". [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:180-madoc-13835.
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Santos, Gabriela Jorge dos. "Fatores antecedentes do uso da internet no local de trabalho". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11310.
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Mestrado em Gestão de Recursos HumanosO tema deste trabalho encerra duas temáticas fundamentais no contexto organizacional, o cyberloafing, isto é o uso indevido da internet no local de trabalho e a justiça organizacional. A presente investigação tem como propósito identificar as diferentes atividades de cyberloafing e analisar de que forma as perceções de justiça organizacional podem estar relacionadas com a prática de cyberloafing. Optou-se pelo modelo tetra-dimensional de justiça organizacional que integra: justiça distributiva, justiça procedimental, justiça interpessoal e justiça informacional. Para o efeito, foi aplicado um inquérito por questionário electrónico a uma amostra constituída por 194 indivíduos com acesso à internet no local de trabalho. Como resultados finais, considerou-se que as perceções de justiça não estão relacionadas com a frequência nem com a duração da utilização da internet para fins pessoais, mas com atividades específicas de cyberloafing.
The subject of this work involves two fundamental themes of the organizational context cyberloafing, misuse of internet in the workplace and organizational justice. This investigation has the purpose of identifying the different activities of cyberloafing and analyze on which way the organizational justice perceptions may be related with the practice of cyberloafing. It was chosen the tetra-dimensional model of organizational justice which includes: distributive justice, procedural justice, interpersonal justice and informational justice. For this purpose it was applied an electronic questionnaire to a sample of 194 individuals with internet access at work. As final results it was considered the justice perceptions are not related to the frequency, nor to the time spent using the internet, but are related to specific activities of cyberloafing.
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Steele, Alaina Dawn. "A THEORETICAL INTEGRATION OF PROCEDURAL JUSTICE AND DETERRENCE: A TALE OF TWO THEORIES". OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1854.
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This research study used negative binomial regression to examine the individual and interactive effects of deterrence and procedural justice on frequency of offending counts among serious juvenile offenders. To test the research question, this study utilized the Pathways to Desistance study to test the efficacy of the integration of deterrence theory and procedural justice theory. Deterrence theory is grounded in the classical school of criminology and its rational choice perspective. It argues that individuals will weigh the costs and benefits associated with a criminal act and choose to act in such a manner that will maximize benefits and minimize costs (Cullen & Jonson, 2012). A growing body of research suggests that fairness (i.e., procedural justice) process within the criminal justice process can be effective in the fight against crime, disorder, and recidivism. Procedural justice, sometimes referred to as procedural fairness, refers to perceived fairness within the criminal justice process, even when outcomes are not viewed as favorable (Gold & Bradley, 2013). It accomplishes this by fostering a “buy-in” to laws and directives that enhances cooperation and consent.Because laws are only as good as our ability to enforce them, substituting procedural justice for deterrence would essentially remove the teeth from such laws. However, that does not preclude the development of a theoretical integration of the two. Specifically, such an integration might be more effective in reducing crime and disorder than each would be able to achieve on its own. To test the research question, this study integrated the theories of deterrence and procedural justice and examined whether the additive interaction of procedural justice and deterrence predicted decreased offending counts to a greater extent than what was obtained separately.Study results indicated that overall, deterrence, procedural justice, and their interaction all predicted decreases in offending. That said, overall findings suggested their interaction more consistently supported decreases in offending. That said, study findings also suggested that deterrence was driving the predictions of decreased frequency of offending counts with procedural justice playing a supportive role. Thus, the recommendation is that procedural justice should be integrated into the current deterrence framework. This can be accomplished through training criminal justice actors in the nuances of procedural justice that can be incorporated into their interactions with citizens to foster immediate acceptance and long-term compliance.
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Huxtable, Robert Dennis. "A social sense of justice, the power of relationships in the interaction of procedural and distributive justice". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21934.pdf.
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Winkler, Bethany Lynn. "Organizational survivors: perceptions of conflict and justice during downsizing". Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/386.
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Downsizing has had a significant influence on organizational life over the past 20 years. When organizations downsize, two groups of people emerge, those who are laid off and those who remain in the organization. The experiences of those remaining in the organization, or the organizational survivors, have been neglected. This study presents an interpretivistic examination of the experiences of survivors with regard to their perceptions of conflict and procedural justice during and after downsizing. The data gathered for the study is based on thirty-one interviews with employees in TeleCo, a downsizing organization. TeleCo is a diversified organization with facilities and subsidiaries worldwide. In 2001, changes began taking place within the organization, one being the implementation of company-wide layoffs. Telecomm, the division highlighted in this study, has laid off 200 of the 350 workers in one facility. This study revealed three overarching categories of conflict frames employees use to make sense out of their experience as survivors. Procedural justice components of choice, voice, and feedback were also determined to influence the perceptions of survivors and their overall opinions of downsizing
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Howieson, Jillian Alice. "Family law dispute resolution : procedural justice and the lawyer-client interaction". University of Western Australia. Law School, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0109.
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While several Australian and international studies have explored the family lawyer-client interaction, these studies have been limited to investigations of discrete areas of the lawyerclient relationship and have been necessarily limited in their methodologies. The present study employed a quantitative empirical methodology in an Australian wide field study of 230 family lawyers and 94 clients that investigated the family lawyer-client interaction from a procedural justice framework. Using multivariate analyses, the study establishes that the Tyler and Blader two-component model of procedural justice applies in the lawyer-client dyad and is influenced by the approach of the lawyer, the emotional response of the client, and the level of co-party conflict that the client is experiencing. Further, the study gives meaning to the terms 'conciliatory and constructive' and 'adversarial' as they apply to family law dispute resolution. The study establishes a construct to measure the conciliatory and adversarial approach of family lawyers and identifies that lawyers tend to incorporate a mixture of the two into their work. The results also identify four distinct behavioural factors that characterise the two approaches: the client-centred and interest-based factors characterise the conciliatory approach; and the lawyer-directed and court-focused factors characterise the adversarial. The study found that in terms of perceptions of fairness, and feelings of satisfaction, the clients preferred the lawyers who took a client-centred and interest-based approach, but in circumstances where the clients were experiencing high-levels of conflict, or fear for the safety of their children, they also appreciated the lawyer who was lawyer-directed and court-focused. Overall, the study shows that in order to create a fair and satisfying dispute resolution service for their clients, family lawyers need to maintain a fine balance of family lawyering behaviour. On a general level, the study provides a profile of Australian family lawyers in terms of their approach to dispute resolution, their attitude towards ADR processes and their favoured negotiation styles. It also profiles family law clients in terms of their emotional adjustment to the divorce and their perceptions of the family lawyers assisting them to resolve their disputes. The study substantially expands the procedural justice theory base and has significant implications for practical family law education, government policy, family lawyering, and the ADR and collaborative law movements. The study indicates where future research could benefit these communities.
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Ormond, Wayne E. "Electronic performance monitoring and organizational citizenship behavior, a procedural justice perspective". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0012/MQ34983.pdf.
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Watson, Aaron Michael. "Electronic Monitoring Relevance and Justification: Implications for Procedural Justice and Satisfaction". NCSU, 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03172008-172519/.
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The current study investigated whether reactions to electronic monitoring and task satisfaction are a function of the task-relatedness of monitoring practices and the presence of justification for monitoring. A sample of 176 undergraduate participants completed a computer-based task correcting electronic retail order forms. Participants were randomly assigned to one of five conditions: task-specfic monitoring with justification, task-specific monitoring without justification, off-task inclusive monitoring with justification, off-task inclusive monitoring without justification, or no monitoring. Task-specific monitoring involved electronic tracking of computer activities directly related to task performance, whereas off-task inclusive monitoring supposedly tracked nontask-related computer activities. Justification entailed providing a rationale or explanation for why monitoring was being implemented. The following dependent variables were assessed: perceived relevance of monitoring, perceived rationale for monitoring, invasion of privacy, procedural justice, and task satisfaction. Results indicated task-relatedness of monitoring and justification had an effect such that monitoring task-specific behaviors and providing a clear justification for monitoring resulted in relatively favorable attitudinal outcomes. Implications and recommendations for practice are discussed.
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Baier-Go¨ssl, Melanie. "Mediating discrimination disputes : of appropriateness, co-optation, culture and procedural justice". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.557111.
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Employment discrimination cases in the United States of America (USA) are regularly resolved using alternative dispute resolution (ADR) processes, yet critics argue that mediation merely diverts cases away from overburdened courts, neutralises private and societal interests and is unable to equalise differing party resources. The less widespread but increasingly popular use of mediation to resolve discrimination disputes England and Germany calls into question the applicability of American informal justice criticism and appropriateness of mediation in these cases. In this context, the thesis analyses comparatively the value added by mediation to existing resolution means for settling employment discrimination claims in England and Germany, also with a view to explaining the significantly less utilisation of mediation in contrast to the USA. Analytical frameworks offered by the seminal works of Darnaska and Hofstede enable the examination and determination of suitability and prospects of ADR in particular legal systems. The first provides a model to compare procedural systems and the second catalogues organisational preferences in terms of culture. Within these frameworks it will be demonstrated that the above criticism is only applicable with regard to the general principles and practice of mediation which will need addressing should ADR become more embedded in established dispute resolution structures. It is also strongly suggested that mediation is beneficial in employment discrimination cases. Overall, of the two frameworks cultural disputing preferences are more capable to determine the potential success of transplanting new dispute resolution methods and identify process modifications to facilitate utilisation and acceptance. The inclination toward ADR is culturally informed and the existing procedural foundation is but one aspect of disputing culture. Dispute system design, that is developing a bespoke resolution framework for individual organisations, may be one means of changing disputing culture from the bottom-up in contrast to state-imposed mandatory mediation programmes.
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Jiang, Wanxing. "New product introduction and cross-functional integrations: does procedural justice matter?" HKBU Institutional Repository, 2017. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/468.
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In an increasingly volatile business environment, new product introduction is no longer a strategic option but a necessity for companies to sustain competitive advantage and for countries to achieve national economic prosperity. This is particularly true in such emerging economies as People's Republic of China, where traditional manufacturing enterprises are striving to achieve the move from 'Made in China' to 'Created in China'. Focusing on the issue of new product introduction by strategic alliances, I propose a theoretical model on the relationship between procedural justice, cross-functional integration and new product introduction. Albeit the notion that cross-functional integration can greatly facilitate the successful implementation of projects is widely acknowledged, contemporary research on cross-functional integration and new product introduction has paid insufficient attention to the issue of procedural justice. Research on whether, how and when cross-functional integration and new product development could be facilitated or promoted from a justice perspective is still in its infancy. Based on the findings of my field study in 2015-2016, I consider it necessary to take into account the effect of procedural justice in current streams of research on cross-functional integration and new product introduction. I argue firms that establish strategic alliances should pay greater attention to the issue of procedural justice in new product introduction. Moreover, I posit that the relationship between procedural justice and new product introduction is mediated by cross-functional integration. Finally, to address the discrepancies in previous research regarding the relationship between cross-functional integration and new product development, I test the effect of an insufficiently tested moderator, i.e., actual new product introduction strategy, on that relationship. Analyzing data from multiple sources in China, I obtain evidence in support of these arguments, finding procedural justice to exert a positive effect on new product introduction, and cross-functional integration and new product introduction strategy to exert a partial mediating effect and moderating effect, respectively.
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Eriksson, Giwa Sebastian. "Procedural justice, social norms and conflict : human behavior in resource allocation". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics (EFI), 2009. http://www2.hhs.se/efi/summary/810.htm.
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Nuñez, Seana Maria. "The effects of procedural justice and work overload on job performance". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3052.
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This thesis explored the relationship between work overload and procedural justice on job performance. It used planned comparisons to test three hypotheses, which were tested by having the participants (N=132) randomly assigned to groups and perform a proofreading task in two timed intervals. The study design used quantitative methodologies and the procedures and measures were piloted before data collection. A participant exit survey was also employed. Suggestions for future research and study are discussed. The proofreading samples, the exit survey questions and the Mini-Marker Personality Inventory, the informed consent form, and results tables are included.
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Hurdle, David. "Can a procedural justice approach to enforcement reduce low-level speeding?" Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2019. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2168.
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Between the 2007-08 and 2016-17 financial years, 13071 people were killed in crashes on Australian roads (Productivity Commission, 2018). Speed is widely acknowledged as a contributing factor to the road toll (Archer, Fotheringham, Symmons, & Corben, 2008; Fleiter & Watson, 2006). While reducing speeding at any levels is important for road safety, it is at the lowest end that the most significant gains can be made but where the challenges are the highest. Low level speeding is widespread and generally considered socially acceptable and not suitable for enforcement by police (Austroads, 2013). However, it is the widespread nature that magnifies both the risk and the benefits from reducing the prevalence of the behaviour. The aim of this study is to ascertain if using a procedural justice approach to enforcement could result in a reduction in low level speeding. Enforcement has been shown to be effective at reducing speeding and procedural justice as promoting perceptions of fairness, acceptance of enforcement and future compliance with the law.
This study used a 2 x 2 x 2 repeated measures experimental design. All participants were exposed to every experimental condition, resulting in multiple measures of the dependant variables. To enable these exposures eight short vignettes were developed and presented in a online survey instrument. The vignettes manipulated the independent variables, with each asking the participant to consider themselves as the driver in an interaction with a police officer who had stopped them for a low level speeding offence either on a residential street or on a country highway. In the vignettes the officer either displays or fails to display behaviours indicative of procedural justice and either issues a traffic infringement or a verbal caution. Four questions accompanied each vignette. The first three questions require participants to indicate their level of agreement with three statements along a Likert scale. A single qualitative question asking participants to provide an explanation for their selections.
Completed surveys were received from 160 participants. Three way repeated measures ANOVA were conducted to examine the effects of procedural justice on perceptions of fairness, acceptance of enforcement and of future compliance with the speed limits. Interactions between procedural justice and both setting and enforcement outcome were also examined. Where a two-way interaction was statistically significant the mean values were plotted on a graph and examined visually. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA were conducted with indicated normal travel speeds and minimum enforcement speeds in both settings as between groups variables. This analysis was to examine whether any effect from a procedural justice differed between these groups. Where a two-way interaction was statistically significant the mean values were plotted on a graph and examined visually.
The study found that procedural justice had positive effects on perceptions of fairness, acceptance of enforcement by infringement and future compliance with the speed limit. Road setting and enforcement type had some effect but this was in the strength of the influence of procedural justice rather than the direction. A procedural justice approach to enforcement was found to increase perceptions of future compliance with the speed limit even in those who routinely exceed the speed limit or who did not believe in the strict enforcement. The findings are a positive for policing and road safety as they provide a strategy to tackle the low level speeding issue that may be effective but maintain legitimacy. It provides support for the concepts arising from procedural justice theory and a base for further research.
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Rejanovinschi, Talledo Moisés. "Dilemmas to consume justice: some scopes of procedural protection of the consumer administrative procedure and consumer arbitration". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116133.
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This paper argues that the consumer should choose the procedural mechanism that satisfies their need to resolve a dispute and being compensated. Also, the administration, in order to defend rights of consumers, must have the authority to prefer the Constitution through diffuse constitutional control.El presente documento plantea que el consumidor debe escoger el mecanismo procesal que pueda satisfacer de mejor manera su necesidad de resolver una controversia y de ser indemnizado. Asimismo, la administración, en defensa de los derechos de los consumidores, debe contar con facultades para preferir la Constitución mediante el control difuso.
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Ruder, Gary J. "The Relationship Among Organizational Justice, Trust, and Role Breadth Self-Efficacy". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26565.
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The purpose of this study was to examine whether organizational practicesâ fairness (also known as organizational justice) and trustâ contribute to the enhancement of role breadth self-efficacy (RBSE), a form of proactive behavior. The sample consisted of 226 white-collar professionals in large and small organizations. Approximately 70% held a college degree.
An a priori path model based on theoretical literature was generated to represent causal relationships among the variables. Two paths were explored: a) the relationship among procedural justice, trust in organization, and RBSE; and b) the relationship among interactional justice, trust in supervisor, and RBSE.
Findings indicated a statistically significant relationship between procedural justice and trust in organization. The relationships between procedural justice and RBSE and trust in organization and RBSE were not significant. Interactional justice had a statistically significant relationship with trust in supervisor, but not with RBSE. The relationship between trust in supervisor and RBSE was not significant. Respondents expressed a strong trust in their organization, and a stronger trust in their immediate supervisor.
The most important discovery in this study was the statistically significant relationship between education and RBSE. Individuals with graduate degrees reported the highest level of RBSE, followed by people with Bachelor's degrees. Globalization and technology are fueling demands for ever-increasing employee skills and higher levels of education. Organizations need highly educated, proactive individuals in order to be successful. Future research should continue to investigate variables and constructs that may enhance RBSE in the workplace.Ph. D.
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Rodríguez, Hurtado Mario Pablo. "Constitutionalization of procedural law and its impact in standard legislation reform, CPP (Criminal Procedure Code) and in criminal justice system". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116463.
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This article examines the close relationship between criminal procedure and constitutional law within a democratic State framework as well as the guarantees provided from a constitutional point of view in accordance with the current context of human rights globalization. Then, the author approaches us to criminal procedure main principles and guarantees, procedural models historically formed. Finally, it presents an interesting Criminal Procedural Code analysis describing guarantees, principles and procedural models recognized in our country.Este artículo reflexiona sobre la estrecha relación entre el proceso penal y el derecho constitucional en el marco de un Estado democrático, así como sobre las garantías que debe brindar desde la óptica constitucional y en el actual contexto de globalización de los derechos humanos. A continuación nos aproxima a los principales principios y garantías del proceso penal, y a los modelos procesales históricamente configurados. Finalmente, el artículo nos presenta un interesante análisis de Código Procesal Penal, describiendo las garantías, principios y modelo procesal reconocido de nuestro país.
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Fildes, Alistair. "What are the Barriers Preventing the Police from Using Procedural Justice When Interacting With the Public?" Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367373.
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Over the last ten years there has been an increasing focus on procedural justice policing. Interest in this area has grown as studies have established that public perceptions of the police as procedurally just can improve public compliance, cooperation, and satisfaction with law enforcement. However, less is known about the factors that prevent or inhibit police officers from demonstrating procedural justice when dealing with the public. The literature that does exist on procedural justice barriers has proposed a range of issues – from time constraints limiting officers’ ability to demonstrate procedural justice, to procedural justice not being a priority for officers. There is a research gap for a systematic identification of the barriers that may inhibit officers from using procedural justice.
When examining police behaviour towards the public, a characteristic of the policing literature is the focus on the operational stage of officers’ careers, to the exclusion of how recruit training may instil these behaviours. Recruit training is where officers learn the knowledge and skills to be an operational officer; knowledge and skills that will adapt and change once they begin to apply them in real-life situations. As yet, there is no in-depth understanding of the effect of recruit training on procedural justice policing, the consequence being that there may be factors in how recruits are prepared for police work that inhibits police demonstrations of procedural justice when they become operational.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Criminology and Criminal Justice
Arts, Education and Law
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Radburn, Matthew Stephen. "Crowd policing, police legitimacy and identity : the social psychology of procedural justice". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19118/.
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This PhD was motivated to explore the applicability and explanatory power of procedural justice theory (PJT) in the context of the policing of crowd events. It has been suggested that “questions of social identity lie at the heart of the theory” (Bradford 2016, p. 3). Yet PJT researchers have largely overlooked the insights of the ‘second stage’ of theorising that constitutes the social identity approach – self-categorisation theory (SCT) – and the subsequent application of SCT to collective action within crowds and public order policing. Because of this it is argued that there are certain conceptual and methodological limitations that relate to how PJT can ‘make sense’ of or otherwise explain police–public interactions within the domain of public order policing. Despite PJT being rooted in “in efforts to understand and explain riots and rebellion” (Tyler and Blader 2003, p. 351), there has been a paucity of research focussing specifically on the police’s management of crowds (Stott et al. 2011). This thesis used a mixed methods approach involving online experiments, semi-structured interviews and an online survey. The final empirical chapter then drew on a longitudinal secondary data analysis of a series of ‘real-time’ police-‘public’ interactions across multiple crowd events. The thesis suggests that it is essential that both PJT and its associated research are process and context orientated. A true process model of procedural justice is required to explore the interactive and bi-directional nature of the relationship between social context, identity, police legitimacy and action. It is argued that the current social psychological understandings of procedural justice do not adequately articulate this dynamism. Yet developing the process model of procedural justice is essential to avoid unintentionally ‘desocialising’ people’s experiences of policing and to therefore reaffirm the need to study the social psychological processes of PJT in context.
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Quigley, Allison M. "Establishing Police Legitimacy| The Influence of Procedural Justice in a Local Jurisdiction". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10752028.
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Over the years, police departments have incorporated various techniques to secure citizen compliance with the law and local authorities. Despite the advancement of policing, support for police has reached a historic low. Research consistently demonstrates that styles of policing are linked to overall perceptions of police legitimacy. Specifically, procedurally just policing or process-based policing generates voluntary compliance with the law and secures trust from citizens. Departments that incorporate the components of procedural justice receive fewer complaints and show reductions in use of force incidents. This study adds to the existing literature regarding citizen perceptions of police through procedurally just policing. It also adds data on modern policing tactics utilized by law enforcement to increase perceptions of legitimacy: body worn cameras. Utilizing data collected from mail-out surveys, the results demonstrate that confidence in police is elevated when officers are trustworthy, open, and perceived as operating in a fair and neutral manner.
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Allen, Siobhan O. "Policing young people at mass events: Does procedural justice foster help-seeking?" Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/402725.
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Young people’s consumption of illicit substances at mass events (e.g., music festivals; school-leaver events) is a major health concern to authorities world-wide. Police are required to enforce laws on illicit substances at such mass events, but critics claim that heavy-handed police enforcement can alienate patrons and reduce their willingness to seek help from police in the event of an adverse reaction or overdose. In recent years, police in Australia have been urged to shift their approach from a ‘law enforcement’ approach to a ‘harm reduction’ approach at these types of events, particularly when dealing with young people. Harm reduction policing approaches focus on supply, demand and harm-minimisation associated with illicit drugs, with recent literature proposing that police discretionary decision-making and interpersonal interactions with users aimed at building trust and respect can contribute toward secondary harm reduction (Stevens, 2013). Despite the call for harm reduction policing approaches at these events, police still use crackdown tactics in Australia. These policing tactics have been linked to excessive consumption of drugs to avoid detection (e.g., Dunn & Degenhardt, 2009; Hickey et al., 2012). To foster young patrons’ help-seeking in illicit substance emergencies at mass events, it is important to better understand how they perceive police at mass events and policing responses that target illicit substances.
Research demonstrates that public perceptions of procedural justice policing—fair treatment and fair decision-making—influences a range of attitudes and behaviours in citizens, including: satisfaction with police, compliance with police directives, trust in police, and willingness to cooperate with police (e.g., Hinds & Murphy, 2007; Sunshine & Tyler, 2003). This prior research also shows that relational concerns regarding procedural justice tend to be more important for shaping attitudes and behaviours toward police than instrumental concerns, such as perceived risk of sanction or perceptions that police are effective. Adopting a procedural justice framework, my research explores for the first time how policing approaches at mass events influences young peoples’ trust in police, their willingness to cooperate with police, and their help-seeking behaviours in the event of adverse reactions to illicit substances.
A mixed methods approach is adopted across three studies. Study 1 includes observations of two mass events in Queensland (a two-week high-school graduation celebration known as ‘Schoolies’, and a music event known as ‘Stereosonic’) and interviews with 19 Queensland Police Service officers. Study 2 uses the interviews with police officers, while Study 3 includes a survey of 440 youth who attended the Schoolies event during the same years as the observations and interviews.
Study 1 found that the policing approach in the first week of Schoolies more closely aligned with a harm minimisation approach than the second week of Schoolies or the Stereosonic music festival. It was also found to demonstrate more characteristics of procedural justice policing compared to Stereosonic (the other mass event studied). Study 2 revealed that police had varied understandings of procedural justice and noted several barriers in its practice but indicated that the principles underlying its framework were important for policing youth at these events. Study 3 indicated that youth’s self-reported help-seeking was driven more by instrumental concerns such as a perceived risk of sanction for wrongdoing than relational factors such as procedural justice. However, perceptions of procedural justice and trust in police dominated young peoples’ willingness to cooperate with police, with procedural justice being very important to fostering trust. Further, young people were more likely to say they would seek help from police at mass events for a friend than themselves, and also when they perceived policing tactics to be less law enforcement focused.
This thesis fills several gaps in the literature. It is the first to explore the theoretical link between young people’s perceptions of procedural justice, trust, and willingness to seek help for an adverse consequence associated with illicit substance use. It is also the first to compare policing tactics employed at Schoolies to another youth mass event, and the influence policing tactics at these events have on youth trust in police and willingness to cooperate and seek help. This thesis raises important implications for the widespread applicability of the procedural justice framework, and for how police should best approach policing mass events in the future.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Crim & Crim Justice
Arts, Education and Law
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Fields, Annette Woods. "African American Men's Deaths in the U.S. and Perceptions of Procedural Justice". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7289.
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African American men between the ages of 18-35 years are increasingly likely to die during arrests by police under the purview of procedural practices. Using procedural justice and critical race theory as the foundation, the purpose of this correlational study was to evaluate the statistical relationship between procedural justice, consent to police authority, and certain demographic characteristics including socioeconomic status and age in a large Metropolitan area in the southern United States. Survey data utilizing the Procedural Justice Inventory and Willingness to Submit to Police Authority Survey were collected from African American adult males (n = 69) and analyzed using least-squares regression. Regression analyses revealed a significant relationship between procedural justice and consent to police authority (p < .05). In addition, socioeconomic status and age did not affect the relationship between procedural justice and consent to police authority (p < .05). Implementation of recommendations for training may provide police practitioners with the basis to develop training programs to affect behavioral outcomes of police. Following these recommendations may change the systemic relationship between the community and police. The findings of this study may also serve African American males by allowing them to take an introspective look at how they may react in certain statutory situations and taking positive actions as opposed to being reactive; thereby, possibly mitigating deaths during police interaction. The implications for positive social change afford community practitioners an opportunity to develop community programs that support individuals and communities to change systemic practices that foster procedural injustice.
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Towela, Sambo Pamela. "A conceptual analysis of environmental justice approaches : procedural environmental justice in the EIA process in South Africa and Zambia". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-conceptual-analysis-of-environmental-justice-approaches-procedural-environmental-justice-in-the-eia-process-in-south-africa-and-zambia(a8baf238-09aa-4089-a687-935f9d84db52).html.
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This study argues that the basis of all environmental justice variations is the consideration of fairness, equity and justice in the environmental processes that resolve environmental problems. A Procedural Environmental Justice Model (PEJM) has been developed for the purpose of evaluating the procedural environmental justice content of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) legislation in South Africa and Zambia. EIA as a tool for mitigating adverse environmental impacts arising from development activities aims at identifying, predicting, evaluating and mitigating the bio-physical, social, and other relevant effects of development proposals prior to major decisions being taken. This makes it an apt case study for evaluating how procedural environmental justice works. The PEJM developed in this thesis is important because it can be used as a mechanism for evaluating how procedural environmental justice works in practice. Apart from developing the PEJM, this research provides an in- depth evaluation of procedural environmental justice and proceeds, in a novel manner, to focus on South Africa and Zambia. The concept of environmental justice originates from the civil liberties campaigns of the 1960s and the more recent Environmental Justice Movement in the United States. It was historically concerned with widespread distributive inequalities which manifested as discrimination mainly on the basis of race and economic status in environmental matters. In more recent years, environmental justice concerns have become more profound owing to the diversity and gravity of global environmental problems such as global warming and climate change, natural resources depletion and widespread air and water pollution. The effects of these global environmental problems have been predicted to affect inhabitants of developing countries more than those of the developed ones, thereby emphasising procedural environmental justice concerns.This research shows that in the present day environmental parlance, environmental justice should be increasingly used to connote inclusiveness in addressing global, national and grassroots environmental problems. There has been a distinct tendency to move beyond the traditional description of environmental justice as being distributive, or primarily concerned with the allocation of environmental advantages and disadvantages. This is due to the realisation that distributive environmental justice aspects are inadequate in addressing historical and present day environmental challenges. This research emphasises that environmental justice incorporates procedural, corrective and social aspects of justice. The promotion of inclusive participation or procedural environmental justice transcends all conceptions of the concept. Therefore, in order to promote environmental justice, environmental legislation must focus on procedural features that incorporate effective public participation mechanisms.
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Ghulam, Shakil Ahmed Ghulam Gadir. "Distributive justice vs. procedural justice: Perceptions of fairness of Saudi Arabian civil service employees in their performance appraisal system". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186110.
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This study uses the concepts of distributive justice and procedural justice to examine Saudi Arabian civil service employees' determinants of fairness in their performance appraisal system. A survey of 400 civil service employees in different public sector agencies in two major cities of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh and Jeddah, was conducted. Seven hypotheses were proposed and tested. The composite dependent variable was the "Perceived satisfaction and fairness of the performance appraisal system." Data were collected by means of a questionnaire. Multiple regressions and T-tests analyses were used to analyze the gathered data. The study found that perceptions of fairness among Saudi civil service employees an their performance appraisal system were strongly related to four procedural justice factors: (1) feedback received from the performance evaluation process helped to identify strengths and weaknesses of employees' performance, (2) the extent to which performance appraisal was used for setting goals for future performance, (3) participation in goal setting, and (4) whether the performance appraisal was used for determining training needs. These findings provide strong support for procedural justice theories. Moreover, this study found that cultural values may not be a significant factor in explaining Saudi civil service employees' reaction to their performance appraisal system. Finally, findings of this study have important implications for multinational companies and their consultants.
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Brown, Judith May Octavia. "Telecommuting: The Affects and Effects on Non-Telecommuters". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26585.
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Telecommuting is a significant workplace innovation that allows an increasing portion of the work force to work from home or work at a location remote from the central workplace at least one-day a week. Previous studies (Bélanger, 1999; Pinsonneault & Boisvert, 2001; Potter, 2003) have outlined that the reasons for the growth of this phenomenon are found in its perceived benefits for both the telecommuter and their employer: improved productivity, organizational loyalty and belonging, job satisfaction, savings of office space, increased flexibility, improved employee morale and employee retention and attraction.
Telecommuting literature has provided models and theories about telecommuting concentrating mainly on the telecommuterâ s experiences and perspective. However, the ramifications of this practice have a broad range of potential impacts not only on the telecommuter, but also other parties in the work unit. Despite the tremendous growth in telecommuting, relatively few empirical studies (Duxbury & Neufield, 1999; Golden, 2007; Watson-Fritz, Narasimhan, and Rhee, 1998) have directly examined the creeping affect and effect of the telecommuting challenges on others in the work unit. Few studies (Bailey & Kurland, 2002; Cooper & Kurland, 2002; Golden, 2007; McCloskey & Igbaria, 2003) have investigated it from the non-telecommutersâ perspective and how it affects their work outcomes and their attitudes More importantly, no earlier studies were found that had ever investigated the effects of the telecommuting arrangement on the non-telecommuter from the organizational justice perspective, and how this affects the non-telecommuterâ s job satisfaction. This study empirically examined the affects and effects of telecommuting on non-telecommuters, and within that context, examined the extent to which organizational justice perspectives affected job satisfaction. Major findings of the study revealed that : (a) the accessibility of the telecommuter is key, even if they are working offsite, (b) job type/position plays an important role in the selection process or in some non-telecommutersâ decision to opt out of telecommuting, (c) there was lack of awareness of a formal telecommuting policy or understanding of how the policy was applied, (d) selection procedures can be biased and unfair, and (e) some non-telecommuters experienced envy and jealousy, frustration, resentment, anxiety, unfairness and anger towards telecommuting colleagues.
The results of the study also revealed that interpersonal/interactional, and distributive justice both explained the statistically significant variance in non-telecommutersâ job satisfaction. However, interpersonal/interactional justice (which focuses on the quality of interpersonal treatment individuals receive) explained a stronger statistically significant variance in the job satisfaction of non-telecommuters.Ph. D.
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Payne, Nancy G. "The effects of participative decision making and procedural justice on organizational citizenship behavior". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2001. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/292.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Arts and Sciences
Psychology
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McMahon, Kelsey Peyton. "Professionalism in Policing: Do Increased Education Requirements Improve Police Performance and Procedural Justice?" Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104035.
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With the increased attention to police brutality against people of color in recent years, the credibility of police departments is being called into question. Prior research suggests that a police force can improve their trustworthiness in the eyes of the public through prioritizing procedural and outcome justice. However, less is known about how to achieve these goals. Can education requirements play a role in increasing levels of procedural and outcome justice in police departments? By using rates of use of force rates as a measure for procedural justice and clearance rates as a measure for outcome justice, I investigate whether increasing the education requirements of police departments is associated with greater procedural and outcome justice. Data for this comparative quantitative analysis of police departments are drawn from the Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics survey (LEMAS), the Uniform Crime Reporting survey (UCR), and the US Census. Through multivariate analyses, I find that raising education requirements increases use of force and decreases clearance rates, and community policing training for police recruits increases clearance rates but also increases use of force. Community training was more likely to exist at departments with increased education requirements. These findings suggest that departments with evidence-based policing methods have higher clearance rates. Careerism from increased education requirements may cause use of force to increase, however, this situation may be improved by switching the department style from legalistic to service policing. I argue that police departments should implement higher education requirements while also altering the organizational goals of police departments to be service-oriented and requiring community policing training for all police recruits.Master of Science
With the increased attention to police brutality against people of color in recent years, the credibility of police departments is being called into question. Prior research suggests that a police force can improve their trustworthiness in the eyes of the public through prioritizing respectful interactions with citizens and effectiveness in crime-solving. However, less is known about how to achieve these goals. Can education requirements play a role in increasing the fairness and effectiveness of a department? By using a department's amount of force used on citizens as a measure for fairness and the amount of crimes solved out of the number of crimes committed as a measure for effectiveness, I investigate whether increasing the education requirements of police departments is associated with greater police fairness and effectiveness. Data for this study are drawn from the Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics survey (LEMAS), the Uniform Crime Reporting survey (UCR), and the US Census. Through my analyses, I find that raising education requirements increases use of force and decreases the amount of crimes solved, and community policing training for police recruits increases crimes solved but also increases use of force. Community training was more likely to exist at departments with increased education requirements. These findings suggest that departments that use scientific approaches in their policing policies can typically solve more crimes. College-educated officers are more likely to try and advance their career no matter what, so increased education requirements may cause use of force to increase. However, this situation may be improved by making the priorities of a department geared towards helping the community rather than making arrests. I argue that police departments should implement higher education requirements while also altering the goals of police departments to be geared towards public service and requiring community policing training for all police recruits.
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Barkworth, Julie. "Prisons, procedural justice and motivational posturing: Examining prisoners' well-being and compliance behaviour". Thesis, Griffith University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/380563.
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Early penology literature identified some of the ‘pains’ of prison life prisoners are faced with (e.g., Sykes, 1958). How prisoners adapt to and cope with these pains can have detrimental effects on their general well-being and psychological distress. Prisoners are much more likely than the general population to experience stress, anxiety and depression, which increases their risk of self-harm and suicide (e.g., Cooper & Berwick, 2001). It is therefore important to find ways to improve prisoners’ well-being and reduce distress while in prison. Some prisoners may ‘act out’ by disregarding staff directives and prison rules as a way to regain and maintain some degree of personal power and control when faced with the reality of their environment. In doing so, the order required to maintain a healthy and stable prison is compromised. Staff-prisoner relationships are consistently shown to be important for maintaining order in prisons. However, order not only relies on what staff do, but on prisoners voluntarily cooperating with staff and willingly complying with prison rules and procedures. A growing body of literature demonstrates procedural justice to be effective for improving prisoners’ well-being and psychological distress, and reducing prisoner misconduct (e.g., Beijersbergen et al., 2014, 2015; Reisig & Mesko, 2009). However, little has been done to examine for whom, and under what conditions, procedural justice may be most effective. Research in other regulatory contexts (e.g., taxation, policing) has begun to examine the role of motivational postures in the relationship between procedural justice and compliance behaviours. Motivational postures measure the extent of social distancing people place between themselves and authorities (Braithwaite, 2003, 2009). The current study uses Braithwaite’s (2003) motivational posturing framework to understand whether procedural justice has different effects on cooperation and compliance behaviour for prisoners in Australia. Utilising self-report survey data from 177 male prisoners, and official prison records from 129 of those respondents, in four maximum security prisons in Queensland, Australia, this thesis addresses six research questions. Results from this research demonstrate that: 1) prisoners who view staff as procedurally just also report higher levels of general well-being and lower levels of psychological distress; 2) prisoners who view staff as procedurally just are also more likely to perceive them as legitimate, and are more willing to cooperate with staff and comply with prison rules and procedures; 3) perceived staff legitimacy (i.e., obligation to obey staff) partially mediates the relationship between procedural justice and cooperation, and fully mediates the relationship between procedural justice and compliance; 4) Braithwaite’s five motivational posturing styles are present among Australian prisoners; 5) procedural justice is positively related to deference postures (i.e., commitment) and negatively related to defiance postures (i.e., resistance, disengagement and game-playing); and finally, 6) three of the five motivational postures (i.e., commitment, resistance and disengagement) were found to have either mediating and/or moderating effects on the relationship between procedural justice and self-reported cooperation, self-reported compliance and actual compliance. This thesis provides important contributions to procedural justice and motivational posturing literature, and has important implications for developing evidence-based best-practices for prison staff to more effectively engage with and manage prisoners.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Crim & Crim Justice
Arts, Education and Law
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Lacey, Lauren. "Youth justice in England and Wales : exploring young offenders' perceptions of restorative and procedural justice in the referral order process". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/596/.
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In recent years the government has introduced youth justice policy which claims to draw on the philosophy of restorative justice as an alternative to punitive sanctions. Referral orders were implemented nationally in 2002 and purportedly represent a significant policy commitment to restorative justice. Rather than incarcerating offenders or deterring them through punishment, referral orders aim to encourage them to understand the consequences of their behaviour, make amends and re-join the law abiding community. This is purportedly achieved through a youth offender panel (panel meeting) run by lay members of the local community along with a member of staff from the youth offending team (YOT). The panel meeting aims to provide a forum away from formal court proceedings to discuss the offence and to agree and construct a contract that the offender must follow. Referral orders therefore present a useful arena in which to explore young offenders’ experiences of restorative justice and to compare this with their experience of the more formal court process. Research has revealed that fair procedures are important in securing people’s compliance with the law and that offenders view restorative processes as fairer than court. However, the majority of research in this area has been done with adults and there is comparatively little research that focuses on young offenders’ perceptions of criminal justice processes. For children, procedural safeguards largely relate to the manner in which adults interact with them. My research therefore explores young people’s experiences with a range of authority figures including: teachers, police officers, magistrates, lay panel members and staff at the YOT. In doing this I aim to consider both how young people perceive the restorative elements of referral orders and more broadly, the way in which they form judgements of different criminal justice processes and sources of authority.
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Baazius, Helena. "The Mediation Process : a Better Access to Justice in EU?" Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Rättsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15100.
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Abstract Unlike litigation and arbitration, mediation is a more informal way to settle disputes. The process has been considered to be quick, cheap and interest-based and it is said to promote amicable settlements. Yet mediation is not commonly used as a dispute resolution method in Sweden today. However, mediation as a dispute resolution method is promoted by the EU institutions and the European Parliament and the Council has adopted a directive which will secure that the EU citizens, in some cases, will have the possibility to choose extrajudicial mediation as a dispute resolution method. Until now, it has not been possible for parties to immediately seek enforcement of the content of a Swedish extrajudicial mediation settlement agreement. However, the directive will also ensure that the EU Member States provide the EU citizens with such enforcement possibilities. According to the wording of the directive, the request of enforcement will require all parties' explicit consent. This means, that if such consent is not given, the content of the agreement cannot be made enforceable. The uncertainty whether such consent will begiven in the end of the process or not may contribute to people waiving to initiate a mediation process because the actual outcome of the process could be difficult to predict. For the mediation process to be considered as an equivalent way to settle disputes to the e.g. litigation proceeding, it is necessary that the parties also experience the results of the processes as equivalent. The requirement of consent is not totally abandoned in the proposed Swedish Mediation Act by which the directive shall be implemented. Instead of choosing the wording of the directive, there are other perspectives on the matter of enforcement which the Swedish legislature perhaps could be inspired by when implementing the directive.
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Schappe, Stephen Patrick. "The mediating effect of procedural justice on the relationships between knowledge of organizational procedures and personal and work- related outcomes /". Connect to resource, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1262876062.
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Sotomayor, Ana. "As percepções de justiça organizacional na avaliação de desempenho : consequências sobre o compromisso organizacional e o compromisso face ao superior hierárquico". Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3662.
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Doutoramento em GestãoA presente investigação tem como objectivo determinar quais as dimensões de justiça organizacional que, num contexto de avaliação de desempenho, são identificadas pelos trabalhadores e o modo como as mesmas afectam o seu compromisso face à organização e face ao seu superior hierárquico. Paralelamente, são analisadas as influências de variáveis de controlo, bem como a existência de efeitos interactivos. A metodologia utilizada é composta por três fases. Numa primeira etapa foram elaborados os instrumentos de medida (questionários) de justiça organizacional, compromisso organizacional e compromisso face ao superior hierárquico, a partir da revisão da literatura feita sobre estas temáticas. Seguidamente, os mesmos foram sujeitos a um pro¬teste e a um estudo piloto, com vista ao seu refinamento. Numa terceira fase os inquéritos foram aplicados em três instituições bancárias que se disponibilizaram para colaborar na investigação. Foram, igualmente, realizadas entrevistas por forma a proceder à triangulação dos dados. Os resultados das análises de regressão múltipla permitem concluir que o compromisso organizacional é explicado pelas várias dimensões de justiça, muito embora a justiça procedimental seja a determinante comum nas três amostras. O compromisso face ao superior hierárquico é influenciado pelas dimensões de justiça interpessoal e informacional. As relações entre as dimensões de justiça e os dois focos de compromisso são afectadas pelas variáveis sexo, idade, & habilitações literárias, antiguidade na organização e antiguidade face ao superior hierárquico. Os efeitos interactivos entre as várias dimensões de justiça na explicação dos dois tipos de compromisso são muito exíguos.
The present investigation aims to determine, in the performance appraisal context, what organizational justice dimensions are identified by the employees and how these dimensions affect their commitment to the organization and their commitment to the supervisor. We also analyze the influence of control variables, as well as the interactive effects. The methodology is divided in three phases. In the first stage, the measurement instruments (questionnaires) concerned organizational justice, organizational commitment and supervisory commitment were developed, from the literature review about those subjects. Then, the questionnaires were submitted to a previous test and a pilot study, in order to refine them. In the third stage, the questionnaires were applied in three banks that were willing to participate in the study. Interviews were also conducted, in order to assure the triangulation of the data. The results of the multiple regression analyses let us conclude that organizational commitment is influenced by all organizational justice dimensions, although procedural justice is the predictor that appears in the three samples. Supervisory commitment is influenced by interpersonal justice and informational justice. The relationships between organizational justice dimensions and the two foci of commitment are affected by variables such as gender, age, educational level, tenure and tenure towards the supervisor. The interactive effects between the several dimensions of justice in the explanation of the two commitments are very exiguous.
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Jansen, Van Vuuren Henk Riaan. "The influence of procedural, distributive and interactional justice on organisational citizenship behaviour among employees at the SAPS academy, Paarl". Thesis, Vaal University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/455.
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M. Tech. (Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences), Vaal University of TechnologyKeywords: organisational justice, procedural justice, distributive justice, interactional justice, organisational citizenship behaviour. The purpose of this study is to investigate employees’ perceptions of organisational justice and their effects on organisational citizenship behaviour. This study advocates that the way employees perceive organisational justice affects their organisational citizenship behaviour in their current organisation. The fact that employees play a central role in the realisation of an organisation’s goals makes it critical for any organisation to have employees who are willing to go beyond what is required of them. In this study, a quantitative research paradigm and an exploratory research method were used to investigate a sample size of 226 employees working at the SAPS Academy, Paarl. In order to minimise the study bias, systematic sampling was used to ensure that the sample accurately reflected the larger population (N=457). Data were collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire and the results of the correlation analysis revealed that all three dimensions of organisational justice are significantly and positively related to organisational citizenship behaviour. Organisational justice also showed a strong predictive relationship with organisational citizenship behaviour. Based on the findings of the empirical survey, it was revealed that if organisational justice practices are implemented appropriately, employees holding key positions may be likely to display more organisational citizenship behaviours. Therefore, it was recommended that, to address negative perceptions of organisational justice, a strategy should be formulated to ensure that employees are treated fairly in terms of the dimensions of organisational justice. It was also recommended that when developing and implementing such a strategy, barriers should be addressed that could: influence the availability of accurate and complete information for decision making; and influence the dissemination of information pertaining to job decisions. It is further recommended that rewards programmes be reviewed to ensure that employees will experience fairness when comparing their own payoffs with those of fellow employees and perceive just distributive justice practices. vii The study concludes by recommending that a “Code of good practice – communication policy” be developed that would enable the displaying of social sensitivity and dignified, respectful and acceptable behaviour by employees in a managerial position towards their subordinates. The findings and recommendations of this study are important to employers as they provide crucial information regarding the types of activities organisations could engage in for employees to consider them as acceptable organisational justice practices. Such involvement in acceptable organisational justice activities can improve employees’ organisational citizenship behaviour and reinforce effective and efficient service delivery in their current organisation. The implications for future research indicate that a comparative study testing the differences between different groups based on certain biographical traits, such as gender, marital status, age, educational level, income and length of service in the South African Police Service, is advisable as it would assist in determining how such biographical traits might influence the various dimensions of organisational justice. Furthermore, the study could also be expanded to include a broader national sample within the Division: Human Resource Development and other divisions within the South African Police Service.
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Palmer, Labaron Andre. "STRIKING A GREEN BALANCE: ASSESSING EQUITY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ELEVATED PUBLIC PARK PROJECTS IN PHILADELPHIA AND WASHINGTON D.C". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/597429.
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GeographyPh.D.
This research seeks to investigate the impact of equitable development strategies on urban environmental justice. I focused on the extent to which the processes that accompany the highly visible large-scale park planning projects promote equity and inclusion in the Rail Park in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and the 11th Street Bridge Park in Washington D.C. This research focuses on natural urban environment settings, with attention given to the development of highly visible parks projects that take at least partial inspiration from New York City’s High Line Park. Park development in underserved neighborhoods can lead to green gentrification. Thus, equity concerns are raised, as the very residents that would benefit the most from environmental improvements such as green space remediation and expansion are more likely to be excluded due to their development. I employed a qualitative methodology utilizing content analysis and 33 in depth interviews were conducted at two park project sites in Philadelphia and Washington D.C. Based on grounded theory, I explored stakeholder attitudes, feelings, and perceptions tied to varied notions of equity and the engagement levels of planning processes connected to park project development. Trust capital emerged as a major theme in the perceived efficacy of development processes that pursue equitable goals. This factor fluctuates with stakeholder perceptions of equity and the legitimization of socioeconomic concerns expressed by the community in urban green infrastructure development. This research concludes that the inclusion of an equitable development (ED) process impacts greening project implementation and the individuals involved.
Temple University--Theses