Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Problem”
Kliknij ten link, aby zobaczyć inne rodzaje publikacji na ten temat: Problem.
Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych
Sprawdź 50 najlepszych rozpraw doktorskich naukowych na temat „Problem”.
Przycisk „Dodaj do bibliografii” jest dostępny obok każdej pracy w bibliografii. Użyj go – a my automatycznie utworzymy odniesienie bibliograficzne do wybranej pracy w stylu cytowania, którego potrzebujesz: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver itp.
Możesz również pobrać pełny tekst publikacji naukowej w formacie „.pdf” i przeczytać adnotację do pracy online, jeśli odpowiednie parametry są dostępne w metadanych.
Przeglądaj rozprawy doktorskie z różnych dziedzin i twórz odpowiednie bibliografie.
1
Dou, Lixin. "Procedures for basic inverse problems: Black body radiation problem and phonon density of states problem". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7544.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Two numerical procedures, the regularization method and the maximum entropy method, have been investigated and developed to solve some basic inverse problems in theoretical physics. Both of them are applied to the inverse black body radiation problem and the inverse phonon density of states problem. The inverse black body radiation problem is concerned with the determination of the area temperature distribution of a black body source from spectral measurements of its radiation. The phonon density of states problem is defined to be the determination of the phonon density of states function from the measured lattice specific heat function at constant volume. Those problems are ill-posed and can be expressed as a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind. It appears that both the regularization method and the maximum entropy method are successful in solving the two ill-posed problems. Generally the two procedures can be applied to any inverse problem which belongs to the class of the Fredholm integral equation of the first kind.
2
Martinsson, Linnea. "The Emergence Problems after The Combination Problem : Toward a solution of the problem of experience". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172776.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Panpsychist and panprotopsychist views have become more prominent during the past years, greatlydue to Philip Goff, Galen Strawson, David Chalmers, William Seager and others. Panpsychism isthe view that fundamental entitites have phenomenal properties while panprotopsychism is the viewthat fundamental entities have the potential to realise consciousness under certain conditions, invirtue of their protophenomenal properties. My focus will be, particularly, on constitutive versionsof panpsychism, which entail the commitment to the constitutive grounding of ordinary subjects ofexperience in more fundamental phenomenal entities. More specifically, I will evaluate whethersolutions to its ”combination problems”, which theorise the combination or decombination offundamental entities, can be solutions of the problem of experience. Constitutive panpsychismattempts to avoid the emergence of consciousness altogether by postulating fundamental subjects,so that ordinary subjects should be explained exhaustively in terms of them. Emergentistpanpsychism, by contrast, is a form of intelligible, or non-brute, emergentism which considersordinary subjects to be something more than mere structure. However, I will argue that evenconstitutivism involves a type of emergence, compositional or individualizing emergence, whichmakes it collapse into emergentism. That also takes away its ability to solve the problem ofexperience through a combination problem. Furthermore, the problem of other minds puts epistemiclimitations on our abilities to solve combination problems, which makes it improbable, even ifconstitutivism could avoid subject emergence, that it would be possible to reach an objectivesolution to the problem of ordinary subjects of experience through combination. Also physicalism isa form of emergentism but involves the commitment of the brute emergence of phenomenalproperties from non-mental fundamental entitites. I will show that it too gains an emergenceproblem as a consequence of a small conceptual shift that causes its collapse intopanprotopsychism. By recognising that there are common emergence problems, if not aboutphenomenal properties in general then about ordinary subjects, physicalists and pan(proto)psychistscan continue consciousness research as a collected force. I will also be presenting versions ofemergentist panpsychism to exemplify views that already expect emergence problems andformulate questions for future research.
3
Auxter, Abbey Auxter. "The Problem with Word Problems: An Exploratory Study of Factors Related to Word Problem Success". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/392790.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Math & Science EducationPh.D.
College Algebra is a gatekeeper course that serves as an obstacle for many students pursuing STEM careers. Lack of success in this course could be a key reason why the United States lags behind other industrialized countries in the number of students graduating with STEM majors and joining the STEM workforce. Of the many topics presented in College Algebra that pose problems, students often have particular difficulty with the application of systems of equations in the form of word problems. The present study aims to identify the factors associated with success and failure on systems of equations word problems. The goal was to identify the factors that remained significant predictors of success in order to build a theory to explain why some students are successful and other have difficulty. Using the Opportunity-Propensity Model of Byrnes and colleagues as the theoretical guide (e.g., Byrnes & Miller-Cotto, 2016), the following questions set the groundwork for the current study: (1) To what extent do antecedent (gender, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and university) and propensity factors (mathematical calculation ability, mathematics anxiety, self-regulation, motivation, and ESL) individually and collectively predict success with systems of equations word problems in College Algebra students, and (2) How do these factors relate to each other? Bivariate correlations and hierarchical multiple regression were used to examine the relationships between the factors and word problem set-up as well as correct completion of the word problems presented. Results indicated after all variables were entered, calculation ability, self-regulation as determined by homework score, and anxiety were the only factors to remain significant predictors of student performance on both levels. All other factors either failed to enter as significant predictors or dropped out when the complete set had been entered. Reasons for this pattern of results are discussed, as are suggestions for future research to confirm and extend these findings.
Temple University--Theses
4
Leão, Aline Aparecida de Souza. "Extensões em problemas de corte: padrões compartimentados e problemas acoplados". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-03052013-162852/.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Nesta tese é abordado o problema da mochila compartimentada e o problema de corte de estoque unidimensional acoplado ao problema dimensionamento de lotes. Para o problema da mochila compartimentada é apresentada a versão unidimensional e proposta a versão bidimensional, denominados como problema da mochila compartimentada unidimensional e problema da mochila compartimentada bidimensional, respectivamente. Para o problema de corte de estoque acoplado ao dimensionamento de lotes são apresentadas três variações: uma máquina para produzir um tipo de objeto; uma máquina para produzir vários tipos de objetos; múltiplas máquinas para produzir vários tipos de objetos. Algumas formulações matemáticas de programação inteira e inteira-mista, decomposições dos problemas em problema mestre e subproblemas e heurísticas baseadas no método geração de colunas são propostas para os problemas da mochila compartimenta e o problema acoplado. Em específico, para o problema acoplado são aplicadas decomposições Dantzig-Wolfe, que podem ser por período, por máquina ou por período e máquina. Além disso, uma heurística baseada em grafo E/OU é proposta para o problema da mochila compartimentada bidimensionalIn this thesis we present the constrained compartmentalized knapsack problem and the one dimensional cutting stock problem integrated with the capacitated lot sizing problem. For the constrained compartmentalized knapsack problem, the one dimensional version is presented and the two dimensional version is proposed, called one-dimensional compartmentalized knapsack problem and two-dimensional compartmentalized knapsack problem, respectively. For the cutting stock problem integrated with the capacitated lot sizing problem three variations are considered: one machine to produce one type of object; one machine to produce multiple types of objects; multiple machines to produce multiple types of objects. Some integer and mixed programming formulations, decompositions of the problems in master problem and subproblems and heuristics based on column generation method are proposed for the compartmentalized knapsack problem and the cutting stock problem integrated with the capacitated lot sizing problem. In particular, the period, the machine, and the period and machine Dantzig- Wolfe decompositions are applied for the integrated problem. Moreover, a heuristic based on the graph AND/OR is proposed for the two-dimensional compartmentalized knapsack problem. Computational results show that these mathematical formulations and methods provide good solutions
5
Welsh, Kimberly D. "Individuals solving problems : the effects of problem solving strategies and problem solving technologies on generating solutions". Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1045625.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This experiment was designed to compare two problem solving strategies, brainstorming and the hierarchical technique, and two problem solving technologies, computer software and pencil and paper. The first purpose of this study was to explore what effects computer software and pencil and paper have on the facilitation of solutions for individual problem solvers. Subjects generated solutions by either recording ideas on a computer or by writing ideas down on paper. The second purpose of this study was to examine how individuals evaluate solutions they have generated.Specifically, we were looking for solution evaluations to differ according to which problem solving strategy subjects received training on, brainstorming or the hierarchical technique. Solutions were rated on overall quality, practicality, and originality on a scale ranging from 0 (being the lowest possible score) to 4 (being the highest possible score).Subjects who used a computer to record ideas generated significantly more solutions than those subjects recording ideas on paper. Subjects trained with the hierarchical technique generated ideas higher in quality than those trained with brainstorming. Subjects trained with brainstorming generated more original ideas than those trained with the hierarchical technique. Finally, subjects rating of practicality did not differ according to problem solving strategy.Department of Psychological Science
6
Seress, Ãkos. "The gossip problem (communication problem) /". The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487262513408203.
Pełny tekst źródła
7
Schantz, Jennifer Rufsvold. "The impact of problem-related written disclosure and problem-related visualization on adjustment to stressful interpersonal problems /". The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488202678774301.
Pełny tekst źródła
8
Gallagher, Kathleen M. "Problem Framing in Problem-Oriented Policing:An Examination of Framing from Problem Definition to Problem Response". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1406811215.
Pełny tekst źródła
9
Yuen, Gary. "Problem solving strategies students use when solving combinatorial problems". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5535.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This research is a case study that examines the strategies that three grade 11 students use
to manoeuvre through a series of three combinatorial problems. Grade 11 students were chosen
as participants because they have had no formal training in solving this class of math problems.
Data includes video recordings of each participant’s problem solving sessions along with each
participant’s written work. Through analysis of this data, several themes related to problem
solving strategies were identified. First, students tend to rely on algebraic representation and
methods as they approach a problem. Second, students use the term “guess and check” to
describe any strategy where the steps to a solution are not clearly defined. Thirdly, as students
negotiate problems, they tend to search for patterns that will streamline their methods. Fourthly,
students approach complicated problems by breaking up the problem into smaller parts. Finally,
students who verify their work throughout the problems solving process tend to experience more
success than those who do not. From these findings, I suggest that mathematics teachers need to
ensure that they are not over-emphasizing algebraic strategies in the classroom. In addition,
students need to be given the opportunity to explore various solution strategies to a given
problem. Finally, students should be taught how to verify their work, and be encouraged to
perform this step throughout the problem solving process.
11
10
Li, Zhi. "Progressing problems from requirements to specifications in problem frames". Thesis, Open University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494245.
Pełny tekst źródła
11
Qiang, Feng. "Parallel problem generation for structured problems in mathematical programming". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11688.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The aim of this research is to investigate parallel problem generation for structured optimization problems. The result of this research has produced a novel parallel model generator tool, namely the Parallel Structured Model Generator (PSMG). PSMG adopts the model syntax from SML to attain backward compatibility for the models already written in SML [1]. Unlike the proof-of-concept implementation for SML in [2], PSMG does not depend on AMPL [3]. In this thesis, we firstly explain what a structured problem is using concrete real-world problems modelled in SML. Presenting those example models allows us to exhibit PSMG’s modelling syntax and techniques in detail. PSMG provides an easy to use framework for modelling large scale nested structured problems including multi-stage stochastic problems. PSMG can be used for modelling linear programming (LP), quadratic programming (QP), and nonlinear programming (NLP) problems. The second part of this thesis describes considerable thoughts on logical calling sequence and dependencies in parallel operation and algorithms in PSMG. We explain the design concept for PSMG’s solver interface. The interface follows a solver driven work assignment approach that allows the solver to decide how to distribute problem parts to processors in order to obtain better data locality and load balancing for solving problems in parallel. PSMG adopts a delayed constraint expansion design. This allows the memory allocation for computed entities to only happen on a process when it is necessary. The computed entities can be the set expansions of the indexing expressions associated with the variable, parameter and constraint declarations, or temporary values used for set and parameter constructions. We also illustrate algorithms that are important for delivering efficient implementation of PSMG, such as routines for partitioning constraints according to blocks and automatic differentiation algorithms for evaluating Jacobian and Hessian matrices and their corresponding sparsity partterns. Furthermore, PSMG implements a generic solver interface which can be linked with different structure exploiting optimization solvers such as decomposition or interior point based solvers. The work required for linking with PSMG’s solver interface is also discussed. Finally, we evaluate PSMG’s run-time performance and memory usage by generating structured problems with various sizes. The results from both serial and parallel executions are discussed. The benchmark results show that PSMG achieve good parallel efficiency on up to 96 processes. PSMG distributes memory usage among parallel processors which enables the generation of problems that are too large to be processed on a single node due to memory restriction.
12
Husain, Dhiaiddin. "Satisfiability problem and lattice basis problem". Aix-Marseille 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX22037.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Ce travail est divise en deux parties. Dans la premiere partie, nous etudions la transformation du probleme sat (satisfaisabilite), pour une entree f, en un probleme de recherche d'une base reduite d'un reseau l(f) convenablement associe a f en utilisant l'algorithme l#3fp, une variante connue de l'algorithme l#3 de lovasz. Nous avons d'abord associe a une entree f pour sat un reseau l(f) en transformant f en un systeme f d'inegalites lineaires a coefficients entiers, puis en un systeme d'equations a coefficients entiers e(f). Pour definir l(f) a partir de e(f), nous generalisons successivement deux procedes, alsco base et ajs base, qui etaient utilises pour resoudre le probleme du sac a dos. Nous utilisons alors l'algorithme l#3fp pour trouver une base reduite, au sens de lovasz, pour le reseau l(f). L'iteration de la reduction de l#3fp ne serait pas suffisante pour notre propos: il convient d'extraire (v + 1) vecteurs e#1,. . . ,e#v#+#1 de la base reduite (v est le nombre des variables de f) puis, nous proposons un algorithme que nous appelons mult (multiplicateurs) si aucun de e#i, v + 1 i 1, ne permet de remonter a une solution pour le probleme sat de f, mult essaye d'abord les (e#i e#j) puis (e#i e#j e#k) ainsi de suite jusqu'a trouver une solution. Nous appliquons aussi l'algorithme mult a des instances, de differentes dimensions, du probleme de sac a dos a deux equations, avec de densites pour lesquelles on n'obtient pas de solutions en utilisant les techniques de reductions des bases. La seconde partie consiste a factoriser un entier donne n comme produit de deux entiers pq en etudiant la satisfaisabilite d'un ensemble (n)#m#,#n de clauses exprimant la condition n = pq, les variables etant les m bits de numerations en base 2 de p,les n bits de q et les bits de n. Les ensembles deterministes de clauses (n)#m#,#n, qui representent les facteurs des entiers donnes, sont traites par un algorithme de resolution. Nous comparons, par le meme algorithme, les temps de calculs de ces donnees a ceux des donnees, generees aleatoirement, ayant les memes tailles que celles deterministes, le temps etant compte en nombre de nuds d'arbre de calcul
13
Hyblerová, Zuzana. "Fastfood nutriční problém". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-15675.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This thesis is based on the theory of mathematical programming, on the fastfood diet problem in particular. The aim is to find an optimal menu with accordance to nutritional limitations for various groups of fastfood customers and with minimal overall prize. This model is applied on the group of foods and beverages offered in selected fastfood chains in the Czech Republic.
14
Lukesová, Kristýna. "Logické úlohy a hlavolamy jako optimalizační problémy". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113465.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This thesis applies classical optimization problems such as assignment or set-covering problem on logical puzzles or brainteasers. Listed in the first part are mathematical model, description and typical example of each optimization problem used in this thesis. The second part contains these models applied to the particular brainteasers for example Sudoku or Einstein's Puzzle. Exercises are divided into simpler and more complex ones. There is specification, source and a described method of solution stated for each of them. The calculation examples use Lingo or MS Excel or both. The aim is to show the possibility to address logical puzzles and brainteasers with the use of optimization problems, and thus confirm the wide possibilities of using these models. These examples can clarify and diversify the curriculum.
15
Tautenhahn, Ulrich, Uno Hämarik, Bernd Hofmann i Yuanyuan Shao. "Conditional stability estimates for ill-posed PDE problems by using interpolation". Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-72654.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The focus of this paper is on conditional stability estimates for ill-posed inverse problems in partial differential equations. Conditional stability estimates have been obtained in the literature by a couple different methods. In this paper we propose a method called interpolation method, which is based on interpolation in variable Hilbert scales. We are going to work out the theoretical background of this method and show that optimal conditional stability estimates are obtained. The capability of our method is illustrated by a comprehensive collection of different inverse and ill-posed PDE problems containing elliptic and parabolic problems, one source problem and the problem of analytic continuation.
16
Bååth, Åsa. "Är problemen ett problem för ungdomsboken? Hur uppfattar ungdomar beskrivningarna av problem i samtidsrealistisk ungdomslitteratur utgiven 2001?" Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap / Bibliotekshögskolan, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20906.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
There can be a gap between the author and the reader. This gap is especially remarkable when the author is an adult and the reader is a young person. The librarian has an important role as an intermediary of literature when it comes to selecting literature for young people. From this perspective the purpose of this paper has been to investigate how young people comprehend the problems and the stories of youth novels, first published in 2001, and to investigate to what extent descriptions of problems occur in this literature and what kind of problems that are described. The investigation consists of three parts: an examination of reviews of youth novels written by editors from Bibliotekstjänst and an examination of a number of youth to examine a number of youth novels that have been read, and sixteen interviews with college students in the first and third grade have also been done. To analyze the results I have chosen to use different parts of literature reception science. The result indicates that the young people who have been interviewed are mostly positive to the book they have read. They think that the author often has succeeded in capturing the thoughts of the youth as one of the young interviewed expressed it. They recognize the main plot but the extent of recognition varies when it comes to the different problems that are described in the books. The older youth often reacted on the form of the book. A split was shown between those who liked the theme in the book and felt that the book is a youth novel and those who felt that they soon will become an adults and want to be addressed in a more grown-up way. The absolute majority of the youth novel s published in 2001 that had problems as a theme also often included several different problems.Uppsatsnivå: D
17
Buck, Dave. "Explaining age-related problem-solving differences on concept identification problems as a function of problem content, strategies, and stereotypes". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1165.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 1999.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 86 p. : ill. (some col.) Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 62-65).
18
Queiroz, Thiago Alves de. "Algoritmos para problemas de corte e empacotamento". [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275759.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Orientador: Flávio Keidi MiyazawaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T01:07:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Queiroz_ThiagoAlvesde_D.pdf: 1460601 bytes, checksum: 0d83e25259c427329e25174c2e729e77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Problemas de Corte e Empacotamento são, em sua maioria, NP-difíceis e não existem algoritmos exatos de tempo polinomial para tais se for considerado P ¿ NP. Aplicações práticas envolvendo estes problemas incluem a alocação de recursos para computadores; o corte de chapas de ferro, de madeira, de vidro, de alumínio, peças em couro, etc.; a estocagem de objetos; e, o carregamento de objetos dentro de contêineres ou caminhões-baú. Nesta tese investigamos problemas de Corte e Empacotamento NP-difíceis, nas suas versões bi- e tridimensionais, considerando diversas restrições práticas impostas a tais, a saber: que permitem a rotação ortogonal dos itens; cujos cortes sejam feitos por uma guilhotina; cujos cortes sejam feitos por uma guilhotina respeitando um número máximo de estágios de corte; cujos cortes sejam não-guilhotinados; cujos itens tenham demanda (não) unitária; cujos recipientes tenham tamanhos diferentes; cujos itens sejam representados por polígonos convexos e não-convexos (formas irregulares); cujo empacotamento respeite critérios de estabilidade para corpos rígidos; cujo empacotamento satisfaça uma dada ordem de descarregamento; e, cujos empacotamentos intermediários e final tenham seu centro de gravidade dentro de uma região considerada "segura". Para estes problemas foram propostos algoritmos baseados em programação dinâmica; modelos de programação inteira; técnicas do tipo branch-and-cut; heurísticas, incluindo as baseadas na técnica de geração de colunas; e, meta-heurísticas como o GRASP. Resultados teóricos também foram obtidos. Provamos uma questão em aberto levantada na literatura sobre cortes não-guilhotinados restritos a um conjunto de pontos. Uma extensiva série de testes computacionais considerando instâncias reais e várias outras geradas de forma aleatória foram realizados com os algoritmos desenvolvidos. Os resultados computacionais, sendo alguns deles comparados com a literatura, comprovam a validade dos algoritmos propostos e a sua aplicabilidade prática para resolver os problemas investigados
Abstract: Several versions of Cutting and Packing problems are considered NP-hard and, if we consider that P ¿ NP, we do not have any exact polynomial algorithm for solve them. Practical applications arises for such problems and include: resources allocation for computers; cut of steel, wood, glass, aluminum, etc.; packing of objects; and, loading objects into containers and trucks. In this thesis we investigate Cutting and Packing problems that are NP-hard considering theirs two- and three-dimensional versions, and subject to several practical constraints, that are: that allows the items to be orthogonally rotated; whose cuts are guillotine type; whose cuts are guillotine type and performed in at most k stages; whose cuts are non-guillotine type; whose items have varying and unit demand; whose bins are of variable sizes; whose items are represented by convex and non-convex polygons (irregular shapes); whose packing must satisfy the conditions for static equilibrium of rigid bodies; whose packing must satisfy an order to unloading; and, whose intermediaries and resultant packing have theirs center of gravity inside a safety region; Such cutting and packing problems were solved by dynamic programming algorithms; integer linear programming models; branch-and-cut algorithms; several heuristics, including those ones based on column generation approaches, and metaheuristics like GRASP. Theoretical results were also provided, so a recent open question arised by literature about non-guillotine patterns restricted to a set of points was demonstrated. We performed an extensive series of computational experiments for algorithms developed considering several instances presented in literature and others generated at random. These results, some of them compared with the literature, validate the approaches proposed and suggest their applicability to deal with practical situations involving the problems here investigated
Doutorado
Doutor em Ciência da Computação
19
Kojima, Kazuaki, i Kazuhisa Miwa. "A System that Generates Word Problems Using Problem Generation Episodes". INTELLIGENT MEDIA INTEGRATION NAGOYA UNIVERSITY / COE, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10369.
Pełny tekst źródła
20
Neufeld, Janis Sebastian. "Problem specific heuristics for group scheduling problems in cellular manufacturing". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-207063.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The group scheduling problem commonly arises in cellular manufacturing systems, where parts are grouped into part families. It is characterized by a sequencing task on two levels: on the one hand, a sequence of jobs within each part family has to be identified while, on the other hand, a family sequence has to be determined. In order to solve this NP-hard problem usually heuristic solution approaches are used. In this thesis different aspects of group scheduling are discussed and problem specific heuristics are developed to solve group scheduling problems efficiently. Thereby, particularly characteristic properties of flowshop group scheduling problems, such as the structure of a group schedule or missing operations, are identified and exploited. In a simulation study for job shop manufacturing cells several novel dispatching rules are analyzed. Furthermore, a comprehensive review of the existing group scheduling literature is presented, identifying fruitful directions for future research.
21
Stadler, Sophia. "Child disruptive behaviour problems, problem perception and help-seeking behaviour". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26942.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Disruptive behaviour problems in early childhood are found to be associated with many negative long-term outcomes, such as antisocial behaviour, adolescent delinquency, and substance abuse (Kellam, Werthamer-Larsson & Dolan (1991), as cited in Butler, 2005:1). Even after adolescence this arises, for, as Vogel (2008:16) states the 'frequency of behavioural problems or challenging behaviour among the youth of today often predicts the size of our future prison population'. These findings clearly highlight the importance of early identification of behavioural problems, adequate preventative intervention (Butler, 2005:1) and the necessity for early intervention to prevent their continuity, since behaviour problems are found to worsen without treatment (Loeber, 1982, cited in Butler, 2005:1). The goal of this study is to gain an understanding of disruptive behaviour in primary school learners. To achieve this goal, the objectives of this are to explore the nature of child disruptive behaviour problems; to explore parents and teachers' problem perception of child disruptive behaviour; to explore the problem threshold of parents and teachers toward child disruptive behaviour; and to explore their help-seeking behaviour. The study's aim, therefore, is to better understand and gain more insight in child disruptive behaviour problems before a threshold is reached by parents and teachers and help is sought from social service professionals. The study uses an exploratory qualitative research design to gain insight into child disruptive behaviour problems, problem perceptions and help-seeking behaviour in the Southern Cape Karoo District in the Western Cape. Child disruptive behaviour patterns were analysed along a three-point continuum (from less severe - 'preventative'; to moderate - 'early intervention'; and most severe - 'statutory') based, on problem perceptions of parents, teachers and social service professionals. In addition, the present study examines parents and teachers' problem thresholds to identify help-seeking behaviour and sources. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the participants according to appropriation and availability. Parents and teachers were contacted to participate voluntarily in the research from schools in the area - Acacia Primary School, Baartmansfontein Primary School, Buffelsriver Private Primary School and Matjiesfontein Primary School. The social service professionals who participated consisted of social workers, social auxiliary workers and police officials from the Department of Social Development, Child Welfare SA and the South African Police Service. The study consisted of a broad range of child ages and parental ages. Parent participants also included biological and foster parents. Data was gathered by means of a semi-structured interview schedule administered during 24 individual interviews. The schedule is based on information obtained from the literature review relevant to the models and theories selected. Previous research done by Jessica Hankinson in 2009 in America on child psychopathology, parental problem perception, and help-seeking behaviours was used as a reference for creating the data collection tool, since she also focused on child behavioural problems and used similar models in the theories. This tool was created in such a way as to be relevant to the South African context. The findings confirmed the serious nature of child disruptive behaviour amongst primary school learners, including abusive behaviour, assault, bullying, fighting, swearing, theft, criminal involvement, substance abuse, truancy and school dropouts. The participants were found to be able to perceive their child's problem behaviour and to perceive themselves to be competent parents in dealing with disruptive behaviour. Child disruptive behaviour was found to have a significant effect on classroom learning. Despite legislation banning this, the participants still resort to punitive corrective measures. Stigma related to professional services and the privacy of the family are found to be very relevant in help-seeking efforts. This lead to the conclusion that child disruptive behaviour may become a normal and acceptable phenomenon, and thus leads to late reporting - and social services being contacted only as a last resort. The most important recommendation resulting from the study indicates that there is a need for prevention and early intervention services for child disruptive behaviour. This should address the escalation of the behaviour that later results in the need for statutory services. The study further indicates that various sectors (social workers, teachers, community structures and the departments) need to collaborate and form partnerships in order to enhance the early reporting of children in need and the accessibility and availability of services rendered in rural areas. This could enhance the early identification, reporting and service delivery in order to find problem resolutions.
22
Preciso, Luca. "Perturbation Analysis of the Conformal Sewing Problem and Related Problems". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425905.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In this dissertation, we develop two related problems in the nonlinear functional analysis. The first is the analyticity of the Cauchy singular integral in Schauder spaces which is motivated by the second problem, namely the perturbation analysis of the conformal sewing problem in Schauder and Roumieu spaces. In Chapter II, we consider the Cauchy singular integral
f (t)φ0 (t) f ◦ φ(−1) (ξ)
1 1
C[φ, f ]( · ) ≡ p. v. dt = p. v. dξ
2πi ∂D φ(t) − φ(·) 2πi φ ξ − φ(·)
where the oriented simple closed curve φ and the density function f are both defined on the counterclockwise oriented boundary ∂D of the plane unit disk D. Although the linear operator C[φ, ·], for a fixed φ, and the numerical computation of C[φ, f ] have been extensively studied for the last century, in view to several applications to integral equations and boundary value problems (cf. e.g. Muskhelishvili (1953) and Gakhov (1966)), the analysis of the nonlinear functional dependence of C[φ, f ] upon both its arguments seems to be a subject analyzed only more recently (see Introduction Ch. II). This new subject of research finds application in the nonlinear problems of perturbation nature which involve the Cauchy singular integral. In Chapter II we extend the analyticity result for the operator C[·, ·] of Coifman & Meyer (1983b) to a Schauder spaces setting. We assume that both φ and f belong to a Schauder space, say C∗m,α (∂D, C), of complex-valued function of class C m,α on ∂D, with m a positive natural number and α ∈ ]0, 1[. As it is well-known, under such conditions on φ and f , the function C[φ, f ](·) is also of class C m,α . By proving the unique solvability of a boundary value problem of elliptic nature in D and by applying Implicit Function Theorem to a suitable functional equation, we show the real analyticity of C[·, ·]. Then we show the complex analyticity of C[·, ·] and we compute all its differentials. This result of Lanza & Preciso (1998) will be applied in the second part of this dissertation and in another perturbation problem associated to a nonlinear integral equation (cf. Lanza & Rogosin (1997)). In Chapter III, we introduce the conformal sewing problem associated to a shift φ of ∂D, i.e. a homeomorphism of ∂D to itself. It consists in finding a pair of conformal functions (F, G) defined in D and C \ cl D, respectively, such that their continuous extensions to cl D e C \ D, Fe and G e respectively, satisfy Fe(φ(t)) = G(t) for all t ∈ ∂D. A simple normalization condition and well-known results ensure that the sewing problem associated to φ has a unique solution (F, G) and we denote by (F [·], G[·]) the pair of operators which maps φ to the trace on ∂D of such solution. The regularity properties of the operators F [φ] and G[φ] in spaces of regular functions can be used in the study of Teichmüller spaces, which constitute an important subject in geometric function theory (see Nag (1996)). Our aim is to find natural Banach spaces of regular functions where to obtain the analyticity of F [·] and G[·]. First we study the regularity of such operators in Schauder spaces C∗m,α (∂D, C), with m ≥ 1, α ∈ ]0, 1[. By using the classical integral equation approach to the sewing problem, we show that G[φ] and F [φ] = G[φ] ◦ φ(−1) belong to C∗m,α (∂D, C) when φ belongs to C∗m,α (∂D, C). In this setting, by using the analyticity of the Cauchy singular integral (cf. Ch. II) and by applying Implicit Function Theorem to a suitable integral equation, we show that G[·] extends to a complex analytic operator. Then we prove that this Schauder spaces setting is not sufficient in order to obtain an analytic extension of the operator F [·]. Indeed a natural assumption in order to have F [·] analytic, is that φ belongs to a space of real analytic functions of ∂D to C. In Chapter IV we introduce Banach spaces of real analytic functions, namely the Roumieu spaces associated to the differentiation operator. In this setting we show that G[·] and F [·] can be extended to complex analytic operators by employing the regularity results on the composition and on the inversion operator of Lanza (1994 and 1996b).
23
Chu, Yuk-ha Agnes, i 朱玉霞. "First home: a problem or no problem". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31968235.
Pełny tekst źródła
24
Clark, Kevin W. "The problem with the problem of evil". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2001. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/216.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Arts and Sciences
Philosophy
25
Chu, Yuk-ha Agnes. "First home : a problem or no problem /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20125914.
Pełny tekst źródła
26
Cameron, Mark A., i Mark Cameron@csiro au. "A Problem Model for Decision Support Systems". The Australian National University. Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, 2000. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20020717.144031.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This body of research focuses on supporting problem-stakeholders, decision-makers and
problem-solvers faced with an ill-defined and complex real world problem. An ill-defined
problem has a characteristic trait of continual refinement. That is, the definition
of the problem changes throughout the problem investigation and resolution process.
The central theme of this research is that a support system should provide problem
stakeholders with a problem definition model for constructing and manipulating a
representation of the definition of the problem as they understand it. The approach
adopted herein is to first develop a problem definition model for ill-defined problems
the 6-Component problem definition model. With this model, it is then possible to move
on to identifying the types of changes or modifications to the problem definition that
problem stakeholders, decision makers and problem solvers may wish to explore.
Importantly, there must be a connection between the surface representation of the
problem and the underlying implementation of the support system. This research argues
that by focusing the support system around the problem definition, it is possible to
reduce the mismatch between the problem objectives and the representation of the
problem that the support system offers. This research uses the Unified Modelling
Language to record and explore the requirements that problem stakeholders, faced with
an evolving problem definition, place on a support system. The 6-Component problem
definition model is then embedded within a design for an evolutionary support system.
This embedding, supported by collaboration diagrams, shows how a system using the
6-Component problem definition model will support stakeholders in their exploration,
evaluation and resolution of an ill-defined and complex real-world problem. A case
study provides validation of the effectiveness of the 6-Component problem definition
model proposed and developed in this work. The case study uses the 6-Component
problem definition model as a basis for implementing the Integration Workbench, an
evolutionary support system for land-use planning. Stakeholders explore, communicate,
evaluate and resolve the Tasmanian Regional Forest Agreement problem with
assistance from the Integration Workbench.
27
Ali, Ismail 1961. "Uniqueness of Positive Solutions for Elliptic Dirichlet Problems". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330654/.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In this paper we consider the question of uniqueness of positive solutions for Dirichlet problems of the form - Δ u(x)= g(λ,u(x)) in B, u(x) = 0 on ϑB,
where A is the Laplace operator, B is the unit ball in RˆN, and A>0. We show that if g(λ,u)=uˆ(N+2)/(N-2) + λ, that is g has "critical growth", then large positive solutions are unique. We also prove uniqueness of large solutions when g(λ,u)=A f(u) with f(0) < 0, f "superlinear" and monotone. We use a number of methods from nonlinear functional analysis such as variational identities, Sturm comparison theorems and methods of order.
We also present a regularity result on linear elliptic equation where a coefficient has critical growth.
28
Jones, Troy. "Working Through Problems: An Investigation of the Problems and Problem-Solving Approaches of Beginning Teachers". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28736.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The purpose of the present investigation was to determine what professional and personal problems elementary-school teachers face during their initial years of teaching and how they cope with or solve these problems. Beginning teachers abandon the teaching profession at alarming rates causing grave financial burdens to school divisions, schools, and tax payers. The phenomenon has also contributed to the current teacher shortages in particular subject areas and certain geographic locations. Many teachers who left the profession before their fifth year of professional teaching reported the problems associated with teaching as primary reasons for their exodus. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with six in-service elementary teachers. The interviews were conducted in three parts. All of the six participants were between their fifth and tenth year of teaching, and they all taught at the elementary level. The results indicated that they had problems with (a) personal issues and life experiences, (b) school curricula, (c) children with special needs, (d) differentiation of instruction, (e) discipline, (f) workload and time management, (g) parents, (h), student poverty and studentsâ home issues, (j) relationships with students, (k) teacher training, and (l) administration. The participants coped with these problems by using pattern matching indicating that their own life experiences and backgrounds had significant roles in their problem-solving processes. Recommendations are made for preservice and beginning in-service teachers to focus on their educational experiences and biographical information to recall relevant information that will help them to cope with and solve professional problems.Ph. D.
29
Maramreddy, Sushma. "Online Matching Problem with Application Google Adwords Problem /". Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ucin1163791140.
Pełny tekst źródła
30
MARAMREDDY, SUSHMA. "ONLINE MATCHING PROBLEM WITH APPLICATION: GOOGLE ADWORDS PROBLEM". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1163791140.
Pełny tekst źródła
31
Hanberger, Anders. "Lokalpolitikens möjligheter : historisk policyanalys av problemnärhet och effektivitet i kommunal policy och dess betydelse för politisk legitimitet". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 1997. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-67633.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
A tentative historicalpolicy analysis is developed to generate knowledge about local government policies and political legitimacy, as well as to contribute to policy analysis methodology. Social indicators, institutions and actors are used to gain knowledge about the phenomena. What local governments do to deal with and try to solve local problems is assumed to contribute to political legitimacy. The basic question that structures the thesis is to investigate whether, and to what extent, problem-orientated and "problem-effective" local government policy can contribute to political legitimacy. Time-series analysis shows that social malaise problems (poverty and unemployment) have fluctuated over the last 120 years, increasing in some periods and/or communities and decreasing in others. In contrast, problems concerning health and the environment decreased over the same period. Social policies appear to be closely related to local problems during the first hundred years (i.e. from 1874-1970), which indicates that local government policy is problem-orientated. After 1970 the connection between problems and social policy starts to loosen up. During the 1980s local infrastructure and industrial policy begin, for the first time, to follow social malaise problems in the municipalities. Earlier, infrastructure policy grew when problems were small or decreasing. The analysis indicates that municipalities were generally more successful in coping with local problems a hundred years ago. Health policies appear to have contributed towards solving local health problems up until 1970. Social malaise policies, on the other hand, have not directly contributed to solving local problems. Indirecdy, however, the latter type of policies contributed to economic development and promoted the development of local industry during the first hundred years. After 1970, only certain aspects of social malaise policies show positive effects on local problems. Instead, these policies generally seem to have exacerbated local problems. Attempts to resolve social problems, together with social service delivery, turn out to become part of the problem. The interpretation that legitimacy can be reached through problem-orientated and problem-effective policies has some empirical support in the period prior to 1900 and today. However, under predemocratic regimes, as well as during periods when democracy was highly centralized, the support for, and trust in, legality seems to be the dominate source of political legitimacy.digitalisering@umu
32
Coleman, Elaine B. "Problem-solving differences between high and average performers on physics problems". Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63961.
Pełny tekst źródła
33
Silva, Carla Taviane Lucke da. "Otimização de processos acoplados: programação da produção e corte de estoque". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-13022009-102119/.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Em diversas indústrias de manufatura (por exemplo, papeleira, moveleira, metalúrgica, têxtil) as decisões do dimensionamento de lotes interagem com outras decisões do planejamento e programação da produção, tais como, a distribuição, o processo de corte, entre outros. Porém, usualmente, essas decisões são tratadas de forma isolada, reduzindo o espaço de soluções e a interdependência entre as decisões, elevando assim os custos totais. Nesta tese, estudamos o processo produtivo de indústrias de móveis de pequeno porte, que consiste em cortar placas grandes disponíveis em estoque para obter diversos tipos de peças que são processadas posteriormente em outros estágios e equipamentos com capacidades limitadas para, finalmente, comporem os produtos demandados. Os problemas de dimensionamento de lotes e corte de estoque são acoplados em um modelo de otimização linear inteiro cujo objetivo é minimizar os custos de produção, estoque de produtos, preparação de máquinas e perda de matéria-prima. Esse modelo mostra o compromisso existente entre antecipar ou não a fabricação de certos produtos aumentando os custos de estoque, mas reduzindo a perda de matéria-prima ao obter melhores combinações entre as peças. O impacto da incerteza da demanda (composta pela carteira de pedidos e mais uma quantidade extra estimada) foi amortizado pela estratégia de horizonte de planejamento rolante e por variáveis de decisão que representam uma produção extra para a demanda esperada no melhor momento, visando a minimização dos custos totais. Dois métodos heurísticos são desenvolvidos para resolver uma simplificação do modelo matemático proposto, o qual possui um alto grau de complexidade. Os experimentos computacionais realizados com exemplares gerados a partir de dados reais coletados em uma indústria de móveis de pequeno porte, uma análise dos resultados, as conclusões e perspectivas para este trabalho são apresentadosIn the many manufacturing industries (e.g., paper industry, furniture, steel, textile), lot-sizing decisions generally arise together with other decisions of planning production, such as distribution, cutting, scheduling and others. However, usually, these decisions are dealt with separately, which reduce the solution space and break dependence on decisions, increasing the total costs. In this thesis, we study the production process that arises in small scale furniture industries, which consists basically of cutting large plates available in stock into several thicknesses to obtain different types of pieces required to manufacture lots of ordered products. The cutting and drilling machines are possibly bottlenecks and their capacities have to be taken into account. The lot-sizing and cutting stock problems are coupled with each other in a large scale linear integer optimization model, whose objective function consists in minimizing different costs simultaneously, production, inventory, raw material waste and setup costs. The proposed model captures the tradeoff between making inventory and reducing losses. The impact of the uncertainty of the demand, which is composed with ordered and forecasting products) was smoothed down by a rolling horizon strategy and by new decision variables that represent extra production to meet forecasting demands at the best moment, aiming at total cost minimization. Two heuristic methods are proposed to solve relaxation of the mathematical model. Randomly generated instances based on real world life data were used for the computational experiments for empirical analyses of the model and the proposed solution methods
34
Goulden, Emma. "A comparison of children's performance on problem analogies and analogy problems". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0024/MQ51347.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródła
35
Ruiz, Muñoz Juan Felipe. "The Problem of Formulating Design Problems : A Typology of Design Briefs". Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-171558.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
It is common for a design team to be handed a problem to solve for others. The handing over is normally referred to as a ‘briefing’ process, and the documentation of the starting point and what is to be done is known as a ‘brief’. It is known that the way we frame and understand a problem influences what paths we see to potential solutions. The aim of this thesis is to understand what makes a good design brief and to do so in order to create an empirically informed, and theoretically underpinned, typology of design briefs and the kind of search processes they are disposed to induce. Different bodies of literature have tried to grasp how design solves problems in order to understand designer’s behavior and ultimately facilitate or improve it. Distinctions can, and have been made, between different kinds of problem formulations, as well as different problem-solving approaches. This thesis aims to integrate two previously distinct literatures, search process from the organizational perspective developed by James G. March, Herbert A. Simon, Richard Cyert and others and Design and the Design Process from the perspectives of authors such as Donald Schön, Kees Dorst and Nigel Cross among others, to propose a typology of design briefs in order to ultimately facilitate problem formulation and subsequently facilitate the design process. The simple and immediate answer to the question of what makes a good design brief is: ‘that depends’. It depends on the design process to be followed (if there is one), it depends on the kind of goals that should be achieved, the time available, and it also depends on how much and what is known about the problem and potential solutions. Based on this, four ideal types of design briefs are articulated, including the expected associated search behavior and challenges of design teams.Det är vanligt att ett designteam får ett problem att lösa åt andra. Överlämnandet kallas normalt en ”briefing” -process och dokumentationen av utgångspunkten och vad som ska göras kallas ett ”design brief ”. Det är känt att det sätt vi ramar in och förstår ett problem påverkar vilka vägar vi ser till potentiella lösningar. Syftet med denna avhandling är att förstå vad som gör ett bra ”design brief ” och att göra det för att skapa en empiriskt informerad och teoretiskt underbyggd typologi av design brief och vilken typ av sökprocesser de uppmuntrar. Olika litteratur har försökt förstå hur design löser problem för att förstå designerns beteende och i slutändan underlätta eller förbättra det. Skillnader kan och har gjorts mellan olika typer av problemformuleringar och olika problemlösningsmetoder. Denna avhandling syftar till att integrera två tidigare distinkta litteraturområden, sökprocess ur det organisatoriska perspektivet som utvecklats av James G. March, Herbert A. Simon, Richard Cyert och andra samt Design och designprocessen ur perspektiv av författare som Donald Schön, Kees Dorst och Nigel Cross bland andra för att föreslå en typologi av design brief för att underlätta problemformulering och därmed också underlätta designprocessen. Det enkla och omedelbara svaret på frågan om vad som gör ett bra design brief är: ”det beror på”. Det beror på designprocessen som ska följas (om det finns en), det beror på vilken typ av mål som ska uppnås, den tillgängliga tiden, och det beror också på hur mycket och vad som är känt om problemet och potentiella lösningar. Baserat på detta artikuleras fyra idealtyper av design brief, inklusive det förväntade associerade sökbeteendet och utmaningar för designteam.
ISBN saknas i avhandlingen.
36
Kapoor, Nidhi. "Pagenumber problem". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0019/MQ48156.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródła
37
Ledwig, Marion. "Newcomb's problem". [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB8670124.
Pełny tekst źródła
38
Phillips, Danielson Waltraud. "Managerial Problem Definition: A Descriptive Study of Problem Definers". Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331384/.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This research examines problem definition as the first step in a sequential problem solving process. Seventy-seven managers in four diverse organizations were studied to determine common characteristics of problem definers. Among the variables considered as differentiating problem definers from non-problem definers were cognitive style, personal need characteristics, preference for ideation, experience, level of management, and type and level of education. Six hypotheses were tested using the following instruments: the Problem Solving Inventory, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Schedule, the Preference for Ideation Scale, the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule, a Problem Definition Exercise, and a Personal Data Questionnaire. Among the managers studied, only twelve were found to be problem definers. Such small numbers severely limit the ability to generalize about problem definers. However, it is possible that problem definers are scarce in organizations. In terms of cognitive style, problem definers were primarily thinking types who preferred evaluation to ideation in dealing with problems, making judgmental decisions on the basis of collected facts. Problem definers were not predominant at lower levels of the organization. One-third of the problem definers held upper level management positions while another one-fourth were responsible for specialized activities within their organizations, overseeing special projects and individuals much like upper level managers. Sixty-eight of the problem definers had non-business educations with none having more than a bachelors degree. As knowledge and judgment on which to base evaluation expands, managers may become less adept at defining problems and more adept at selecting and implementing alternatives. Several tentative hypotheses can be tested in future research including: 1) determining whether problem definers are scarce in organizations, 2) determining whether problem definers are more prevalent in some types of organizations than others, 3) verifying unique cognitive and personal need characteristics, 4) determining whether non-managers rather than managers have problem defining skills.
39
Faremo, Sonia. "Medical problem solving and post-problem reflection in BioWorld". Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84992.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This study examined diagnostic problem solving and post-problem reflection in medical students, residents, and experts. Participants worked on three internal medicine cases from the computer-based learning environment, BioWorld. The analyses focused on general performance measures, problem solving operators and knowledge states, and post-problem reflection activities. Verbal protocol data was collected and examined using a coding scheme developed and implemented with the N-Vivo software. Students and residents differed in overall diagnostic accuracy, and significant differences were found in solution time and the number of utterances made for cases of varying difficulty. Differences in the use of operators and knowledge states are highlighted, although the groups were quite similar on many measures. The experts spent considerably more time working on case history information, consistently engaged in planning, and always generated the correct diagnosis (among others) in response to case history information. During post-problem reflection students used more case history data than residents. Expert models highlight the experts' problem solving cycle that consisted of reviewing data, identifying hypotheses, and planning. Post-questionnaire results indicate that participants found the cases to be interesting, useful for learning, but not especially difficult. Finally, several implications are drawn for the future development of BioWorld for medical training.
40
Schuler, Matthew Michael. "The Problem of Evil as the Problem of Pain". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33003.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The problem of evil arises from the argument that the existence of suffering is incompatible with (or else renders improbable) the existence of an omnipotent, omniscient and omnibenevolent God (and that, since the former surely exists, the latter must not). Philosophers working on the problem, however, rarely make profitable use of the distinction between mental and physical suffering. Accordingly, in this thesis I develop a version of the problem that focuses specifically on the phenomenal experience of physical pain. After providing (in the first chapter) a detailed analysis of (i) both logical and evidential (or probabilistic) formulations of the problem, and (ii) the usefulness of this logical/evidential distinction, I discuss some of the most promising theistic responses to the problem, and conclude that these theistic responses fail. In the second chapter I lay out my argument, and I attempt to show that there is no plausible way for the theist to respond when the problem is formulated in this manner. I conclude the chapter by arguing that my argument demonstrates the incompatibility of theism with both epiphenomenalism and zombies-informed dualism. In the third chapter I begin with a discussion of mental supervenience in order to defend a commonsense modal intuition necessary for the success of my argument. I then proceed to address possible objections, including most notably the effort to cast doubt on the reliability of the inference from conceivability to possibility. Finally, I consider empirical findings that substantiate my argument's most contentious premise.Master of Arts
41
Stoyanova, Elena N. "Extending and exploring students' problem solving via problem posing". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1997. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/885.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Despite the fact that problem posing has been recommended as a useful mathematical activity in the curriculum documents of several countries, research about the types of problem-posing situations in which students could be involved, and about the effects of these problem-posing activities on students' mathematical performance is limited. The application of problem posing in school mathematics has been hindered by the absence of a framework which links problem posing, problem solving and mathematics curricula
42
Asterová, Jana. "Přířazovací problém a jeho praktická aplikace v oblasti přepravy osob". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-358882.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This thesis is focused on the topic of assignment problems. The theoretical part presents a summary of the most important previously published findings on linear and quadratic assignment problem. The basic formulations of both problems are introduced, as well as the outline of some methods developed for their solution. Finally both problems are illustrated by practical applications that have appeared in the literature. The practical part gives insight into the issue of assignment of transport orders to drivers in a company and proposes a suitable model that speeds up the process of distributing the orders. The transfers conducted by the company start at the airport and terminate in a hotel in the city centre of Prague or vice versa. When proposing order schedules for the drivers, it is necessary to take into account not only the time of the transfers, but additionally the capacity and the category of the vehicle.
43
Harutjunjan, Gohar, i Bert-Wolfgang Schulze. "The Zaremba problem with singular interfaces as a corner boundary value problem". Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2685/.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
We study mixed boundary value problems for an elliptic operator A on a manifold X with boundary Yi.e., Au = f in int X, T±u = g± on int Y±, where Y is subdivided into subsets Y± with an interface Z and boundary conditions T± on Y± that are Shapiro-Lopatinskij elliptic up to Z from the respective sides. We assume that Z ⊂ Y is a manifold with conical singularity v. As an example we consider the Zaremba problem, where A is the Laplacian and T− Dirichlet, T+ Neumann conditions. The problem is treated as a corner boundary value problem near v which is the new point and the main difficulty in this paper. Outside v the problem belongs to the edge calculus as is shown in [3]. With a mixed problem we associate Fredholm operators in weighted corner Sobolev spaces with double weights, under suitable edge conditions along Z {v} of trace and potential type. We construct parametrices within the calculus and establish the regularity of solutions.
44
Miller, Catherine Marie 1959. "Teachers as problem solvers/problem solvers as teachers: Teachers' practice and teaching of mathematical problem solving". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282150.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This study investigated the relationship among three high school mathematics teachers definitions and beliefs about mathematical problem solving, their problem solving practices and how they teach mathematical problem solving. Each teacher was interviewed three times and observed once during a problem solving lesson. Data comprised of transcriptions of audio tapes, field notes, and completed problem solving checklists were used to prepare the case studies. While the definitions, practices and teaching of the teachers varied, the findings were consistent within each case. The results suggest that how teachers are taught and what they learn as students are related to how they teach mathematical problem solving.
45
Makhmudov, Olimdjan, i Nikolai Tarkhanov. "An extremal problem related to analytic continuation". Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6363/.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
We show that the usual variational formulation of the problem of analytic
continuation from an arc on the boundary of a plane domain does not lead
to a relaxation of this overdetermined problem.
To attain such a relaxation, we bound the domain of the functional, thus
changing the Euler equations.
46
Viklands, Thomas. "Algorithms for the Weighted Orthogonal Procrustes Problem and other Least Squares Problems". Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-730.
Pełny tekst źródła
47
Steitz, Wolfgang [Verfasser]. "Problem-specific design of metaheuristics for constrained spanning tree problems / Wolfgang Steitz". Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1031702806/34.
Pełny tekst źródła
48
Kodialam, Muralidharan S. 1963. "The O-D shortest path problem and connectivity problems on periodic graphs". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13087.
Pełny tekst źródła
49
Simms, Amy E. "A Stochastic Approach to Modeling Aviation Security Problems Using the KNAPSACK Problem". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36806.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Designers, operators, and users of multiple-device, access
control security systems are challenged by the false alarm,
false clear tradeoff. Given a particular access control
security system, and a prespecified false clear standard,
there is an optimal (minimal) false alarm rate that can be
achieved. The objective of this research is to develop
methods that can be used to determine this false alarm rate.
Meeting this objective requires knowledge of the joint
conditional probability density functions for the security
device responses. Two sampling procedures, the static grid
estimation procedure and the dynamic grid estimation
procedure, are proposed to estimate these functions. The
concept of a system response function is introduced and the
problem of determining the optimal system response function
that minimizes the false alarm rate, while meeting the false
clear standard, is formulated as a decision problem and
proven to be NP-complete. Two heuristic procedures, the
Greedy algorithm and the Dynamic Programming algorithm, are
formulated to address this problem. Computational results
using simulated security data are reported. These results
are compared to analytical results, obtained for a
prespecified system response function form. Suggestions for
future research are also included.Master of Science
50
Huot, Annette. "Le style d'apprentissage : un outil de formation d'équipes de résolution de problèmes au niveau collégial /". Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1997. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Pełny tekst źródła