Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Problem drinking

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Problem drinking”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 20 lutego 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Problem drinking"

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Pack, Karen. "Problem drinking". Nursing Standard 22, nr 10 (14.11.2007): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.22.10.28.s37.

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Heather, Nick. "Problem drinking". Medical Journal of Australia 154, nr 2 (styczeń 1991): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1991.tb121010.x.

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Stanhope, John M. "Problem drinking". Medical Journal of Australia 154, nr 7 (kwiecień 1991): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1991.tb121202.x.

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QUEBEC, S. D. "DRINKING PROBLEM". Nursing 16, nr 3 (marzec 1986): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-198603000-00003.

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Carlowicz, Michael. "Drinking problem". Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 77, nr 26 (1996): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/eo077i026p00242-02.

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Ohannessian, Christine McCauley. "The interactive effect of paternal problem drinking and maternal problem drinking on adolescent internalizing problems". Addictive Behaviors 50 (listopad 2015): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.06.011.

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van Bergen, Y. "MOSQUITOES' DRINKING PROBLEM". Journal of Experimental Biology 208, nr 17 (1.09.2005): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01821.

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Curran, Geoffrey M., Helene Raskin White i Stephen Hansell. "Predicting Problem Drinking". Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research 21, nr 8 (listopad 1997): 1379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000374-199711000-00006.

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Ohannessian, Christine McCauley. "Parental Problem Drinking and Adolescent Psychological Problems". Youth & Society 45, nr 1 (czerwiec 2011): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x11408931.

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Robinson, A. D. T. "Problem Drinking and Parasuicide". Addiction 84, nr 7 (lipiec 1989): 711–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1989.tb03049.x.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Problem drinking"

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Seatter, Barbara J. "Casual Attributions for Teen Problem Drinking". PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5234.

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Teen problem-d1inking is a pervasive problem in our society. Teens with drinking problems utilize treatment centers and then return to school attempting to stay sober. However, many return to affiliate with problem drinkers instead of with non-drinkers, and risk for relapse is high. One explanation may be that teens without drinking problems do not accept teen problem drinkers into their peer group due to negative reactions toward problem drinkers. One way to examine their attitudes is to examine differences between teen problem drinkers and non-drinkers regarding causal attributions. Attribution theory proposes that various attributions will elicit different emotional reactions and will motivate teens to behave in certain ways. The purpose of this study was to determine if teens with prior experience in treatment (problem drinkers) and teens without that experience (non-problem drinkers) make different causal attributions for teen problem drinking. Furthermore, group differences in emotional reactions, beliefs about how to offset the problem, and help-giving behaviors were also examined. This study also sought to determine whether there was a predictable link between attributions and emotional reactions, and between emotional reactions and helpgiving behaviors. One hundred twenty-one teenagers aged 13 to 20 were recruited as subjects, 79 from Portland area schools and 42 from treatment centers. Subjects completed a written survey measuring causal attributions for teen problem drinking, emotional reactions toward teen problem drinkers, beliefs regarding how to offset the problem, and help-giving behaviors. Four MANOYAs were used to determine group differences. Results revealed group differences on causal attributions, emotional reactions, and offset controllability, but not on help-giving behaviors. Two multiple regressions were used to determine whether attributions predicted emotional reactions and whether emotional reactions predicted help-giving behaviors; results revealed no link. Although results revealed group differences, these were found not to be consistent with the hypothesis based on attribution theory. Results did reveal positive outcomes regarding attitudes toward teen problem drinkers by nonproblem drinkers, which is important as it suggests that teens without prior experience in treatment may be more accepting of teen problem drinkers than was expected.
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Elvy, Geoffrey Ashton. "Problem drinking: A construct and its measurement". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4571.

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A problem drinking screening test for general hospital patients was developed in five experiments as a measure of the construct of problem drinking. In Experiment I, test questions were selected from a group of 59 psychological and medical items on the basis of responses from 1613 hospital patients. The resulting Problem Drinking Screening Test (PDST) has a 23 item self-report section and an optional physician's section of four items. Experiments II to V are concerned with the validity and reliability of the PDST. Viewing problem drinking as a construct is justified theoretically, and its relationship to alcoholism, to locus of control, to labelling theory and to idiographic and nomethetic measurement is given. A method for measuring the construct is examined from the perspective of George Kelly's 1955 Personal Construct Theory, and a mathematical explanation is presented. The experiments are introduced by a comprehensive review of the available problem drinking instruments. This review is divided into psychological measures, biomedical measures, combined psychological and biomedical measures, and others. Finally, a brief review is provided of the statistical considerations in developing a test.
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Iacovou, Jacqueline. "What are the effects of parental problem drinking?" Thesis, City, University of London, 2011. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/18050/.

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The study explores the life experiences of seven adult children of problem drinkers (ACOPDs). Semi-structured interviews were conducted covering four main areas: experiences as a child; experiences as an adult; impact on life; and coping mechanisms. In order to gain an in-depth understanding of the participants’ experiences, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used. Five master themes were extracted from the data, namely: parent / child relationships; communication problems; coping mechanisms; the road to recovery; and impact on the self. Each master theme also consisted of a number of interrelated subthemes. Of all the master themes, coping mechanisms was by far the most prevalent with participants using numerous ways of dealing with parental problem drinking (PPD) such as avoidance, and trying to keep their parent’s drinking problem a secret from other people. The findings indicated that whilst many within group difference existed in the sample of participants, such as cultural background and status of parental drinking, many common themes still emerged. Moreover, the severity of PPD did not influence the findings to any great extent. A number of the participants’ problem drinking parents (PDPs) drank to excess on a daily basis whereas for others consumption was far less, a maximum of three to four units per evening. To conclude, participants’ accounts indicated a preference towards informal over professional forms of support. This has important implications for the counselling psychology profession such as a need to improve and increase the services available to both children of problem drinkers (COPDs) and ACOPDs.
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Matthew, Andrew G. "Cognitive-behaviour therapy and problem drinking, a meta-analysis". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ51567.pdf.

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Mkandawire, Tiwonge Jaranthowa. "Alcohol and problem drinking as risk factors for tuberculosis". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9402.

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Includes bibliographical references.
[Background] Tuberculosis is a major public health concern for South Africa which has one of the highest recorded incidence rates in the world. Previous research [1998 South African Demographic and Health Survey (SADHS)] reported a crude association between alcohol use and tuberculosis. This study aimed to examine evidence for a relationship, and the size thereof, between alcohol consumption and previous tuberculosis in the 2003 SADHS as a means of informing tuberculosis prevention. [ Methods ] This study was a secondary analysis of cross sectional data collected as part of the 2003 SADHS. Tuberculosis lifetime risk was derived from respondent reports of past tuberculosis episodes based on being informed by a healthcare worker. Alcohol consumption, problem drinking as well as selected explanatory variables were generated from similar questions from the adult questionnaire of the SADHS. The CAGE questionnaire was used to measure symptoms of alcohol problems. Logistic regression was used to model the relationship between past tuberculosis and both alcohol consumption and CAGE. [ Results ] Current and previous alcohol consumption were found to be associated with an increase in odds of tuberculosis in both men and women, with odds ratios ranging iii from 1.1 (95% CI 0.9 - 2.5) to 2.8 (95% CI 1.4 - 5.7) after adjusting for potential confounding effects of socioeconomic factors, smoking, nutritional status and age. Having a CAGE score of either 1 to 2 or 3 to 4 was associated with a doubling [OR 2.2 (95% CI 1.0 - 4.8) and quadrupling [OR 4.4 (95% CI 1.4 - 13.4)] in the odds of tuberculosis respectively. [ Discussion ] and conclusion Behavioural and biological mechanisms of effect of alcohol on tuberculosis may explain the findings. Impairment of the immune system, both acute and long term, has been suggested as the mechanism of increased susceptibility to tuberculosis. On the other hand, high risk living conditions and behaviour associated with problem drinking provide potential for increased exposure and susceptibility to tuberculosis infection. The study was able to control for several potentially confounding socioeconomic predictor variables although not HIV infection. The results complement a body of research that has documented the adverse effects of alcohol consumption on health in general and tuberculosis specifically. The findings thus provide more evidence for public health practitioners to tackle the problem of tuberculosis via specific efforts to control alcohol use and abuse, in addition to other methods of tuberculosis control.
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Collins, Jennifer Cathryn. "Patterns of Family Connectedness and Trajectories of Problem Drinking". The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376928967.

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Nasr, Soad Rachel. "Adult children of problem drinking parents : experiences of relationships". Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/17197.

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Difficulties in interpersonal functioning have been consistently reported in the literature as a proposed negative outcome for adult children of problem drinkers. The existing literature has largely privileged the quantitative paradigm, which has conceptualised this group's relationship functioning through theoretically driven categories and concepts. The result has been a predominantly negative picture lacking utility, as well as neglecting important contextual processes and the inherent complexity and fluidity of human relationships. The aim of this study was to gain a richer understanding through exploring adult children of problem drinkers lived experience of relationships. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six individuals who grew up with at least one problem drinking parent. Transcripts of the interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Four main themes emerged across participants accounts: 'Moving from 'bewilderment' to seeking clarity and stability in relationships', 'Remembering feeling unsafe and finding safety in relationships', 'Moving from invisibility towards finding a sense of self' and 'Making a choice to change my relationships'. The findings offer an alternative understanding of this group's experiences of relationships which are discussed in relation to the existing literature. Clinical Implications and suggestions for further research are considered.
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O'Connell, Bethany R. "Cognitive processing biases in alcohol use, abuse and dependence". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326772.

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Johansson, Madeleine, i Mikaela Lindroth. "The relationship between personality, drinking motives and alcohol; : a mediational model¹". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-38175.

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Some people develop problematic alcohol consumption. Explanations forthis have been proposed by the mediating influence of drinking motiveson the relationship between personality and alcohol use. The purpose ofthis study was to test whether such a mediating model can be applied to aSwedish population. Students (N=383) in Sweden answered aquestionnaire about personality, drinking motives, alcohol consumptionand alcohol-related problems. Mediation analysis was done to seewhether drinking motives could mediate the relationship betweenpersonality and alcohol outcomes for men and women. The resultsshowed that four paths of personality, drinking motives and alcohol canbe found in a Swedish population by using this mediational model.However, the model showed different paths for men and women.
En del människor utvecklar en problematisk alkoholkonsumtion.Förklaringar till detta har sökts i en medierande inverkan avdryckesmotiv i relationen mellan människors personlighet ochalkoholkonsumtion. Syftet med denna studie var att testa om en sådanmedierande modell går att tillämpa på en svensk population. Studenter(N=383) i Sverige besvarade en enkät om personlighet, dryckesmotiv,alkoholkonsumtion och alkohol-relaterade problem. Mediationsanalysergjordes för att se om dryckesmotiven skulle kunna medierarelationen mellan personlighet och alkoholutfall för män och kvinnor.Resultaten visade att fyra mönster av personlighet, dryckesmotiv ochalkohol i den medierande modellen går att finna på en svenskpopulation, dock olika för män och kvinnor.
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O'Sullivan, John. "Why do older adults develop problem drinking? : a qualitative study". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2016. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/812295/.

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There is reason to suspect that a substantial number of older adults are regularly drinking alcohol in excess of recommended guidelines and may be regarded as problem drinkers. In the UK, the number of older adult problem drinkers is projected to increase as the population continues to age. Problematic alcohol consumption has negative health implications for the older adult and causes a strain on public services. Approximately one third of older adult problem drinkers experience a late onset of the problem, after the age of 55 years. Existing literature supports the narrative that this group develop the problem in response to stressful life events, however there is relatively little qualitative research exploring the reasons for the development of late onset problematic drinking from the point of view of the individual. Seven older adult problem drinkers were recruited from a Midlands based alcohol recovery project and interviewed. Transcripts were analysed using Thematic Analysis and four major themes emerged: History as an explanation; Personality as an explanation; External precipitants; and Factors maintaining the problem. A discussion of the findings is provided in the context of existing literature and support is lent to an integrated theoretical model in understanding the development of late onset problem drinking and the recognition of possible avenues for intervention by clinicians and services.
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Książki na temat "Problem drinking"

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1951-, Robertson Ian, red. Problem drinking. Wyd. 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.

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1951-, Robertson Ian, red. Problem drinking. Wyd. 3. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.

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Bagshaw, Mike. Problem drinking and work. London: CEPEC Limited, 1993.

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Mullahy, John. Employment, unemployment, and problem drinking. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995.

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Cahalan, Don. Problem drinkers. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1991.

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McMahon, John. First steps out of problem drinking. Oxford: Lion, 2010.

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Project, Detoxification Evaluation. Problem drinking: Experiments in detoxification : report. London: Bedford Square Press/NCVO, 1985.

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College drinking: Reframing a social problem. Westport, Conn: Praeger Publishers, 2009.

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Fix your drinking problem in 2 days. [Great Britain]: Five Areas, 2011.

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Downs, Charles, i Downs Charles. Problem drinking: How to help a friend. Wheaton, Ill: H. Shaw Publishers, 1990.

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Części książek na temat "Problem drinking"

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Lang, Alan R., i Michael Kidorf. "Problem Drinking". W Handbook of Outpatient Treatment of Adults, 413–41. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0894-0_18.

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Coupet, Edouard, i Federico E. Vaca. "Problem Drinking". W Oncologic Emergency Medicine, 129–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67123-5_9.

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Mullahy, John, i Jody L. Sindelar. "Drinking, Problem Drinking, and Productivity". W Recent Developments in Alcoholism, 347–59. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47148-5_16.

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Wilsnack, Sharon C., i Richard W. Wilsnack. "Drinking and Problem Drinking in US Women". W Recent Developments in Alcoholism, 29–60. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47138-8_3.

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Jessor, Richard. "Explaining Adolescent Problem Drinking". W Advancing Responsible Adolescent Development, 81–104. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51349-2_5.

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Jessor, Richard, Frances M. Costa, Patrick M. Krueger i Mark S. Turbin. "Problem Drinking in College". W Advancing Responsible Adolescent Development, 123–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51349-2_7.

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Maffli, E. "Problem drinking and relatives". W Mapping the Social Consequences of Alcohol Consumption, 79–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9725-8_7.

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Levesque, Roger J. R. "Parental Problem Drinking and Alcoholism". W Encyclopedia of Adolescence, 2008–12. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1695-2_342.

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Levesque, Roger J. R. "Parental Problem Drinking and Alcoholism". W Encyclopedia of Adolescence, 2679–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33228-4_342.

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Donovan, John E., Richard Jessor i Lee Jessor. "Adolescent and Young Adult Problem Drinking". W Advancing Responsible Adolescent Development, 55–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51349-2_4.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Problem drinking"

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Hudson-Matthew, Tricia. "PARENTAL INFLUENCE ON COLLEGE STUDENT PROBLEM DRINKING". W International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2017.1924.

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Rakhmetov, Issa, Murat Mukhamedzhanov i Timur Rakhimov. "PROBLEM OF DRINKING WATER SUPPLY TO POPULATION OF MANGISTAU AND WEST-KAZAKHSTAN REGIONS". W 20th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2020. STEF92 Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2020/1.1/s02.084.

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Miedviedieva, O., i O. Dyniak. "THE PROBLEM OF DRINKING GROUNDWATER QUALITY WITHIN THE zzzTATARBUNARY DISTRICT OF ODESA REGION". W Monitoring 2019. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201903233.

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Inoue, Daisuke, Hiroshi Tanaka, Taisuke Tomonaga i Seichi Horie. "595 Managerial role as a risk factor of problem drinking verified by audit". W 32nd Triennial Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH), Dublin, Ireland, 29th April to 4th May 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.1705.

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OLSEN, ERIC. "Solar Water Disinfecting Tarpaulin". W 2017 ACSA Annual Conference. ACSA Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.amp.105.62.

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Clean drinking water is fundamental to public health, yet a significant portion of the world’s population does not have access to a safe source of water. The World Health Organization estimates over 1.5 million deaths per year are directly attributable to waterborne pathogens imbibed in unsafe drinking water. The Solar Water Disinfecting Tarpaulin project addresses the problem of unsafe drinking water by imagining the possibility of a flexible and intuitive vessel for containing, carrying, and purifying water.
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NEZIROVIĆ, Senada. "Water Resources Management in Tuzla Canton - Bosnia And Herzegovina". W Air and Water – Components of the Environment 2021 Conference Proceedings. Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/awc2021_09.

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In this paper, the main sources of available drinking water and the spatial distribution of medicinal waters in the Tuzla Canton are analyzed. The focus of the paper is on the use of available drinking water and the exploitation of medicinal waters in this area. The paper describes the available quantities of drinking water, water needs and potential available quantities in the municipalities of Tuzla Canton. The conducted research indicates a lack of drinking water in this area. In order to improve the water supply of the population with drinking water in this area, it was pointed out that longterm systemic solution to the problem of drinking water shortage must be considered. Exploitation and use of medicinal water for tourist and medical purposes is done on a smaller scale. For the adequate application of medicinal waters in the work, it was also pointed out that it is necessary to improve the material basis, which primarily refers to the accommodation facilities and medical equipment in spas. The paper presents theoretical and practical research of spatial distribution of water resources and their use. The analysis of water resources presents their economic value and proposes guidelines for further use and protection.
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Skolubovich, Yu L., Ye L. Voitov i A. Yu Skolubovich. "Solution to the problem of production of drinking water from underground sources of ecologically unfavourable regions". W 2007 International Forum on Strategic Technology. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ifost.2007.4798593.

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Cheng, Wan-Ju, Li-Chung Pien i Yawen Cheng. "86 Modifying effects of employment grade on the association between long working hours and problem drinking". W 32nd Triennial Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH), Dublin, Ireland, 29th April to 4th May 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.1703.

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Hiiob, Mariina. "NATURALLY IRON-RICH GROUNDWATER IN SOUTH-EASTERN ESTONIA: PROBLEM RELATED TO THE FULFILLING THE DRINKING WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS". W 14th SGEM GeoConference on WATER RESOURCES. FOREST, MARINE AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b31/s12.063.

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Gunda, Naga Siva Kumar, Selvaraj Naicker, Maryam S. Ghoraishi, Subir Bhattacharjee, Thomas G. Thundat i Sushanta K. Mitra. "Microspot With Integrated Wells (MSIW) for the Detection of E.coli". W ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2013-73037.

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There is an increasing problem in getting quality water for developing countries. Water system is contaminated and without proper treatment, it has been consumed as drinking water. It is a big problem for health. Escherichia coli (E.coli) is the main cause for the contamination of water and illness in people. Early detection of E.coli presence in the drinking water followed by subsequent treatment for elimination of E.coli can solve this problem. The present work developed a new method for detecting E.coli in contaminated water using microspot with integrated wells (MSIW). The method involves the fabrication of MSIW, coating the MSIW with enzyme substrates such as 4-MUG substrate (4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucuronide, trihydrate) and Red-Gal substrate (6-Chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-galactoside) in proper medium and dispensing the contaminated water into MSIW. GlucuronidaseA (gusA) gene in E.coli encodes the beta-D-Glucuronidase (GUS) to hydrolyze the substrate 4-MUG enzymatically which leads to the generation of the fluorigenic compound 4-MU. β-galactosidase enzyme in E.coli produces red color when it reacts with Red-Gal substrate. Using portable optical readers, average color/fluorescence intensity emitting by MSIW is measured and quantified. Comparing obtained intensity values with calibrated intensity values, the level of contamination can be predicted for early warnings.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Problem drinking"

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Mullahy, John, i Jody Sindelar. Employment, Unemployment, and Problem Drinking. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, maj 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5123.

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Seatter, Barbara. Casual Attributions for Teen Problem Drinking. Portland State University Library, styczeń 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.7107.

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Shapsugova, M. D. PROBLEMS OF DRINKING WATER RESOURCES MANAGING. Агропродовольственная экономика, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/0131-5226-2020-60013.

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Upadhyaya, Shrini K., Abraham Shaviv, Abraham Katzir, Itzhak Shmulevich i David S. Slaughter. Development of A Real-Time, In-Situ Nitrate Sensor. United States Department of Agriculture, marzec 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7586537.bard.

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Although nitrate fertilizers are critical for enhancing crop production, excess application of nitrate fertilizer can result in ground water contamination leading to the so called "nitrate problem". Health and environmental problems related to this "nitrate problem" have led to serious concerns in many parts of the world including the United States and Israel. These concerns have resulted in legislation limiting the amount of nitrate N in drinking water to 10mg/g. Development of a fast, reliable, nitrate sensor for in-situ application can be extremely useful in dynamic monitoring of environmentally sensitive locations and applying site-specific amounts of nitrate fertilizer in a precision farming system. The long range objective of this study is to develop a fast, reliable, real-time nitrate sensor. The specific objective of this one year feasibility study was to explore the possible use of nitrate sensor based on mid-IR spectroscopy developed at UCD along with the silver halide fiber ATR (i.e. attenuated total internal reflection) sensor developed at TAU to detect nitrate content in solution and soil paste in the presence of interfering compounds. Experiments conducted at Technion and UCD clearly demonstrate the feasibility of detecting nitrate content in solutions as well as soil pastes using mid-IR spectroscopy and an ATR technique. When interfering compounds such as carbonates, bicarbonates, organic matter etc. are present special data analysis technique such as singular value decomposition (SYD) or cross correlation was necessary to detect nitrate concentrations successfully. Experiments conducted in Israel show that silver halide ATR fiber based FEWS, particularly flat FEWS, resulted in low standard error and high coefficient of determination (i.e. R² values) indicating the potential of the flat Fiberoptic Evanescent Wave Spectroscopy (FEWS) for direct determinations of nitrate. Moreover, they found that it was possible to detect nitrate and other anion concentrations using anion exchange membranes and M1R spectroscopy. The combination of the ion-exchange membranes with fiberoptices offers one more option to direct determination of nitrate in environmental systems.
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MacDonald, James D., Aharon Abeliovich, Manuel C. Lagunas-Solar, David Faiman i John Kabshima. Treatment of Irrigation Effluent Water to Reduce Nitrogenous Contaminants and Plant Pathogens. United States Department of Agriculture, lipiec 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568092.bard.

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The contamination of surface and subterranean drinking water supplies with nitrogen-laden agricultural wastewater is a problem of increasing concern in the U.S. and Israel. Through this research, we found that bacteria could utilize common organic wastes (e.g. paper, straw, cotton) as carbon sources under anaerobic conditions, and reduce nitrate concentrations in wastewater to safe levels. Two species of bacteria, Cellulomonas uda and a Comamonas sp., were required for dentitrification. Celulomonas uda degraded cellulose and reduced nitrate to nitrite. In addition, it excreted soluble organic carbon needed as a food source by the Comamonas sp. for completion of denitrification. We also found that recirculated irrigation water contains substantial amounts of fungal inoculum, and that irrigating healthy plants with such water leads to significant levels of root infection. Water can be disinfected with UV, but our experiments showed that Hg-vapor lamps do not possess sufficient energy to kill spores in wastewater containing dissolved organics. Excimer lasers and Xenon flashlamps do possess the needed power levels, but only the laser had a high enough repetition rate to reliably treat large volumes of water. Ozone was highly efficacious, but it's use as a water treatment is probably best suited to moderate or low volume irrigation systems. This research provides critical data needed for the design of effective water denitrification and/or pathogen disinfection systems for different growing operations.
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Shan, Yina, Praem Mehta, Duminda Perera i Yurissa Yarela. Cost and Efficiency of Arsenic Removal from Groundwater: A Review. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, luty 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/kmwt2129.

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Hundreds of millions of people worldwide are exposed to arsenic-contaminated drinking water, leading to significant health complications, and social and economic losses. Currently, a wide range of technologies exists to remove arsenic from water. However, despite ongoing research on such technologies, their widespread application remains limited. To bridge this gap, this review aims to compare the effectiveness and costs of various arsenic remediation technologies while considering their practical applicability. A search conducted using the Medline and Embase databases yielded 31 relevant articles published from 1996 to 2018, which were categorized into laboratory and field studies. Data on the effectiveness of technologies in removing arsenic and associated costs were extracted and standardized for comparison as much as was possible, given the diversity of ways that studies report their key results. The twenty-three (23) technologies tested in laboratory settings demonstrated efficiencies ranging from 50% to ~100%, with the majority reaching relatively high removal efficiencies (>90%). Approximately half achieved the WHO standard of 10 µg/L. Laboratory studies used groundwater samples from nine (9) different countries – Argentina, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Guatemala, India, Thailand, the United States, and Vietnam. The fourteen (14) technologies tested in the field achieved removal efficiency levels ranging between 60% and ~99%, with ten (10) attaining above 90% removal efficiency. Of these, only five (5) reached established the WHO standard. Some of the technologies under-performed when their influent water contained excessive concentrations of arsenic. Only six (6) countries (Argentina, Bangladesh, Chile, China, India, and Nicaragua) were represented among the studies that implemented and tested technologies in the field, either at household or community level. For technologies tested in the laboratory, the cost of treating one cubic meter of water ranged from near-zero to ~USD 93, except for one technology which cost USD 299/m³. For studies conducted in the field, the cost of treating one cubic meter of water ranged from near-zero to ~USD 70. Key factors influencing the removal efficiencies and their costs include the arsenic concentration of the influent water, pH of the influent water, materials used, the energy required, absorption capacity, labour used, regeneration period and geographical location. Technologies that demonstrate high removal efficiencies when treating moderately arsenic-contaminated water may not be as efficient when treating highly contaminated water. Also, the lifetime of the removal agents is a significant factor in determining their efficiency. It is suggested that remediation technologies that demonstrate high arsenic removal efficiencies in a laboratory setting need to be further assessed for their suitability for larger-scale application, considering their high production and operational costs. Costs can be reduced by using locally available materials and natural adsorbents, which provide near zero-cost options and can have high arsenic removal efficiencies. A notable feature of many arsenic removal approaches is that some countries with resource constraints or certain environmental circumstances – like typically high arsenic concentrations in groundwater –aim to reach resultant arsenic concentrations that are much higher than WHO’s recommended standard of 10 µg/L. This report maintains that – while this may be a pragmatic approach that helps progressively mitigate the arsenic-related health risks – it is unfortunately not a sustainable solution. Continuing exposure to higher levels of arsenic ingestion remains harmful for humans. Hence arsenic-removal technology should only be seen efficient if it can bring the water to the WHO standard. A less radical approach effectively shifts the attention from the origin of the problem in addressing the impacts and postpones achieving the best possible outcome for populations. The quantitative summary of costs and effectiveness of arsenic remediation technologies reviewed in this report can serve as a preliminary guideline for selecting the most cost-effective option. It may also be used as an initial guideline (minimum standard) for summarising the results of future studies describing arsenic remediation approaches. Looking ahead, this study identifies four priority areas that may assist in commercializing wide-scale implementation of arsenic removal technologies. These include: i) focusing efforts on determining market viability of technologies, ii) overcoming practical limitations of technologies, iii) determining technology contextual appropriateness and iv) concerted effort to increase knowledge sharing in and across regions to accelerate the implementation of research on the ground. Overall, the current science and knowledge on arsenic remediation technologies may be mature enough already to help significantly reduce the global numbers of affected populations. The missing link for today’s arsenic removal challenge is the ability to translate research evidence and laboratory-level successes into quantifiable and sustainable impacts on the ground. Achieving this requires a concerted and sustained effort from policymakers, engineers, healthcare providers, donors, and community leaders.
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