Artykuły w czasopismach: „Private sector finance”

1

Barnett, M. J. N. "Role of Private Sector Finance". Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering 115, nr 1 (styczeń 1989): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1052-3928(1989)115:1(16).

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Ball, Rob, Maryanne Heafey i David King. "The Private Finance Initiative and Public Sector Finance". Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 20, nr 1 (luty 2002): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c0045.

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Ciumas, Cristina, Viorela-Ligia Văidean i Zoltán-Krisztián Karsai. "Implications of Private Sector Behavior on Public Finance Sector". Procedia Economics and Finance 3 (2012): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(12)00134-7.

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Umar, Abdullahi A., Noor Amila Wan Abdullah Zawawi, Abdul Ganiyu Otairu i Idris Othman. "Private Finance Initiatives (PFI): Getting it Right". Applied Mechanics and Materials 567 (czerwiec 2014): 601–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.567.601.

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Recently, the UK government reformed the popular PFI into what is now referred to as PF2 after years of denying that the PFI was not delivering value for money. The reform is the result of many factors, principal of which was public sector PFI capacity deficiencies which has compromised the success of many projects. Therefore, this study set out to determine the most important PFI skills from the perspectives of public and private sector PFI practitioners and if there exists differences in opinion between the sectors. A survey of the most important PFI skills was conducted among practitioners during the course of 2 infrastructure conferences held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Factor analysis of 17 PFI skills produced 3 factor groupings that broadly explain the PFI skills requirements. These skills include Contract design skills, Contract Management skills, and Risk identification and Management skills. There was however no statistically significant difference in opinion between the public and private sector respondents.

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Hassan, Bello, Evans Osabuohien, Folorunso Ayadi, Jeremiah Ejemeyovwi i Victoria Okafor. "Driving private sector credit in Nigeria: The role of growth finance". Banks and Bank Systems 17, nr 4 (19.10.2022): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.17(4).2022.03.

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There is some level of uncertainty as to whether private sector credit interacts with finance sources for growth to significantly influence channeling funds for investible purposes in Nigeria, given the nation’s unique characteristics. This study examines the role of various sources of growth finance on private sector credit in Nigeria. For this purpose, the study utilizes secondary data (1980–2018) sourced from CBN statistical annual reports. The study further employs the ARDL-Bounds Co-integration test to test out the hypothesis after stationarity testing. The study finds that stock market capitalization had a positive and significant influence on private sector credit compared to remittance inflows and gross domestic savings in the long run among the sources of growth finance indicators. Furthermore, remittance inflows reported a positive but statistically insignificant relationship, while gross domestic savings had a negative and insignificant coefficient. The study concludes that only stock market development inflow transmits to the private sector’s credit at 10 percent among the various growth finance sources.

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Liang, Yan. "Private-Public Sector Finance and Developmental Challenges". Chinese Economy 49, nr 3 (3.05.2016): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10971475.2016.1159901.

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Pitonáková, Renáta. "Private Sector Savings". Danube 9, nr 1 (1.03.2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/danb-2018-0001.

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Abstract The majority of household savings are in the form of bank deposits. It is therefore of interest for credit institutions to tailor their deposit policy for getting finances from non-banking entities and to provide the private sector with the loans that are necessary for investment activities and consumption. This paper deals with the determinants of the saving rate of the private sector of Slovakia. Economic, financial and demographic variables influence savings. Growth of income per capita, private disposable income, elderly dependency ratio, real interest rate and inflation have a positive impact on savings, while increases in public savings indicate a crowding out effect. The inflation rate implies precautionary savings, and dependency ratio savings for bequest. There are also implications for governing institutions deciding on the implementation of appropriate fiscal and monetary operations.

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Wu, Hui, i Zhanmin Zhang. "Managing Transportation Facilities in Design–Build–Finance–Operate Partnerships". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2345, nr 1 (styczeń 2013): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2345-12.

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In recent years, transportation planning has been challenged by an increasing need for infrastructure development, a shortfall of revenue from the public sector, and political trending toward deregulation of transportation infrastructure development. These factors have led to increased interest in privatization of transportation infrastructure and the development of public–private partnerships, such as design–build–finance–operate. Although the overall goal of a transportation infrastructure project is to provide safe, reliable transportation systems for the public, parties involved in public–private partnerships take different roles and responsibilities. The public sector leads in laying out the terms and standards to regulate the obligations between the state departments of transportation and private entities. The private sector makes capital investment to provide agreed-upon services as well as to assume various investment risks, including project operational and financial risks. Toll-pricing strategies are a key component for the public sector in regulating the operation of a public–private partnership facility and for the private sector in controlling investment risks. This study investigated the applicability of deterministic dynamic optimization models for determining toll-pricing strategies that can help improve mobility, secure the public interest, and attract investment from the private sector. A case study of a design–build–finance–operate project was completed. Results showed that the proposed model provides a useful tool to assist both the public and private sectors in making more informed decisions, including study of optimal strategies to seek investment return and determination of the predefined contract regulations.

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Ismail, Suhaiza. "Profitability of Major Private Sector Companies Involved in The Private Finance Initiative Scheme". Journal of Business Management and Accounting 1, nr 1 (1.01.2011): 17–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jbma2011.1.1.6792.

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Private Finance Initiative (PFI) has become a widely used mechanism for delivering public services in the United Kingdom. Despite the extensive use of the PFI scheme and strong support from the private sector companies, it has often been controversial. One of the controversies is based on the claim that the private sector companies are making excessive profits from PFI projects. Hence, this paper aims at evaluating the profitability of several private sector companies which are heavily involved in the PFI projects. The analysis of the performance of private sector companies suggested that no clear evidence of excessive profits were made by the companies from their PFI involvement.

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Dr. M. Kumaraswamy, Dr M. Kumaraswamy, i Nayan J. Nayan .J. "Marketing of Housing Finance – A Comparative Study of Public and Private Sector Banks". Global Journal For Research Analysis 3, nr 3 (15.06.2012): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/mar2014/78.

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PROPPER, CAROL, i KATHERINE GREEN. "A Larger Role for the Private Sector in Financing UK Health Care: the Arguments and the Evidence". Journal of Social Policy 30, nr 4 (październik 2001): 685–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279401006444.

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This article examines whether an extension of private finance would improve either the efficiency or the equity of the UK health care system. A number of arguments for increasing the role of private finance that focus on the impact of private finance on the efficiency of the public sector are examined in conjunction with empirical evidence from a number of OECD countries. The conclusion is that the case for some extension of private finance is finely balanced. There is little evidence to show that increasing private finance would improve the efficiency of the NHS. On the other hand, the evidence suggests that it is unlikely that increasing private finance at the margin will alter the support for the NHS, and thus willingness of individuals to pay taxes for public care. In addition, if private finance is supplementary, increased finance will be progressive in terms of payments for health care.

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Wanjala, Kevin, i Pamella Gogo. "The Effect of Financial Deepening on Economic Growth in the East African Community". Finance & Economics Review 2, nr 2 (26.08.2020): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.38157/finance-economics-review.v2i2.121.

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Purpose: The study’s objective is to determine the effect of financial deepening on the economic growth of the East Africa Community bloc. Specifically, it aims to establish the effect of the rate of broad money, credit to the private sector, and the rate of value of the traded stock on economic growth. Methodology: The study used descriptive research design and employed the fixed effect model in regression analysis. Broad money was used to proxy the rate of money supply, credit to the private sector was used to represent credit financing while the volume of the traded stock was used as a measure for financial market investment. Results: The findings revealed that all three indicators of financial deepening namely, broad money, credit to the private sector, and volume of traded stock had a positive and significant effect on economic growth in East Africa Community. The coefficient for broad money was 0.4410, the coefficient for credit to the private sector was 0.4022, while the coefficient for the volume of the traded stock was 0.1367. The model had an F statistic of 103.50, confirming its suitability. Implications: The study recommends that the East Africa Community governments should place more emphasis on the efficiency and of money supply, investment, and distribution by commercial banks. The study also recommends that the governments of East Africa Community countries should continue pursuing policies that promote access to credit such as ensuring that interest rates are low. Additionally, the capital market authorities of the East Africa Community countries should conduct sensitization campaigns to promote high participation in the stock market and other capital market products.

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Poole, Norman. "Private sector finance in tourism — a view from Wales". Tourism Management 10, nr 3 (wrzesień 1989): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(89)90085-x.

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Walton, C. Michael, i Mark A. Euritt. "Highway finance and the private sector: Issues and alternatives". Transportation Research Part A: General 24, nr 4 (lipiec 1990): 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-2607(90)90003-o.

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Chaudhuri, S. K. "Power Sector Financing in India". Paradigm 1, nr 2 (styczeń 1998): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971890719980208.

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The huge sum of capital required to finance the power development plan in India to achieve a target GDP growth of 7-8 per cent calls for heavy private investments-domestic and foreign. Private capital flow to the power sector can be induced by developing industry-market and regulatory utility to function as financially sound and commercially responsible entities.

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PAYNE, HELEN. "Key legal issues in projects procured under the private finance initiative". Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 4, nr 3 (1.03.1997): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb021048.

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Over the last few years several projects have been procured under the Private Finance Initiative, which brought with them some challenging, often novel, legal issues. A new statutory framework has been established creating new legal entities and regulating the powers and obligations of those new entities. The public procurement regime of the European Union has had to be carefully considered by both the public and private sector parties as failure by either to adhere to the strict rules and procedures can result in the imposition of sanctions. Attitudes to the way in which contracts are structured have had to change. The public sector had to step back from the more traditional involvement and control it has exercised in the past, and permit the private sector to come up with innovative solutions to the public sector's output requirements. The issues of force majeure and change of law have had to be looked at very closely and mechanisms for the sharing of the risk negotiated between the public and private sectors. A uniform approach to these legal issues would be welcomed along with some standarization of fundamental terms.

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Altun, Tülin, i Nevzat Güldiken. "Natural disaster insurance: public-private sector partnership". Journal of Human Sciences 16, nr 4 (26.12.2019): 1084–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v16i3.5843.

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The public sector should intervene in the natural disaster insurance market in order to increase economic efficiency and social welfare. However the governments should not put at risk the sustainability of public finance by undertaking excessive financial risks. Therefore, public-private sector partnership practices in natural disaster insurance are on the agenda. Public-private partnerships can incorporate some of the advantages of both public insurance systems and private insurance systems. In such insurance systems, government guarantees, fiscal incentives, regulations and private sector expertise come together. The insurance systems established in public-private partnership sectors should be designed appropriately to ensure sustainability. A sustainable public-private insurance system should include mandatory participation, risk-based premiums, encouraging risk-mitigation activities, risk transfer mechanisms. NFIP, CEA, CATNAT, TCIP, CCS, JER are successful examples of public-private sector partnership. However, these insurance systems do not have all the features that a good insurance system should have.

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C. Edgar, Victoria, Matthias Beck i Niamh M. Brennan. "Impression management in annual report narratives: the case of the UK private finance initiative". Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 31, nr 6 (20.08.2018): 1566–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-10-2016-2733.

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Purpose The UK private finance initiative (PFI) public policy is heavily criticised. PFI contracts are highly profitable leading to incentives for PFI private-sector companies to support PFI public policy. This contested nature of PFIs requires legitimation by PFI private-sector companies, by means of impression management, in terms of the attention to and framing of PFI in PFI private-sector company annual reports. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach PFI-related annual report narratives of three UK PFI private-sector companies, over seven years and across two periods of significant change in the development of the PFI public policy, are analysed using manual content analysis. Findings Results suggest that PFI private-sector companies use impression management to legitimise during periods of uncertainty for PFI public policy, to alleviate concerns, to provide credibility for the policy and to legitimise the private sector’s own involvement in PFI. Research limitations/implications While based on a sizeable database, the research is limited to the study of three PFI private-sector companies. Originality/value The portrayal of public policy in annual report narratives has not been subject to prior research. The research demonstrates how managers of PFI private-sector companies present PFI narratives in support of public policy direction that, in turn, benefits PFI private-sector companies.

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Arumugarajan, R. "A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE CUSTOMERS’ SATISFACTION IN SELECT PRIVATE SECTOR AND PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS IN TIRUNELVELI DISTRICT". International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, nr 12SE (31.12.2016): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i12se.2016.2478.

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Banks are considered as vehicle of finance in a nation. The finance should be given all the parts of country in the perfect manner. Thus, lots of banks are allowed to run their business. Due to privatisation, many of the private party also enter in to banking sector. Thus, the customers have different kinds of banks. So the satisfaction of customers has very vital role among the bankers. Here the factors influencing on satisfaction of customers is analysed and private banking sector gives high satisfaction than public sector banks.

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Zhang, Ping. "The Impacts of Private Experience on the Employment of Different Public Job Positions". Public Personnel Management 46, nr 2 (16.04.2017): 144–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091026017702611.

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There have been many studies on the differences between the public and private sectors; yet, these studies often do not address differences within the public sector. This article investigates the impacts of the private sector experience on the employment of different categories of public employees: public budgeting and finance (PBF) employees, professionals, and managers. It also compares the different impacts among mixed categories of PBF professionals, non-PBF professionals, PBF managers, and non-PBF managers. The results suggest that the private sector experience increases the likelihood of a public sector employee being in a PBF or professional position, while it decreases the propensity of a public sector employee to be in a managerial position. Moreover, while private sector experience negatively correlates with public employees’ job satisfaction, the results are not significant for PBF employees and professionals, and the negative effects are much higher for non-PBF employees and nonprofessionals.

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Sredojević, Slađana, i Dragoslava Sredojević. "Sustainable finance: Evolution or revolution in the banking sector". Bankarstvo 50, nr 2 (2021): 114–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bankarstvo2102114s.

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Sustainable Development nowadays became a dominant paradigm for both public and private sectors. Several Strategic Agendas such as European Green Deal, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the SDGs, Climate Action and others, at their core values have a great set of actions ranging from reduction of the CO2 levels, through financing of particular projects, to the improvement of general welfare of the economies and societies. Due to the funding gap, there is a growing interest for private sector financing, particularly sustainable financing, and its role and contribution to the mentioned ultimate goals. The objective of the research is to analyze the factors and progress that have been made in setting up the framework in sustainable financing at the EU and international level. This paper will aim to identify the direction and the channels of its potential impact on the banking sector, as well as to describe ways in which this new culture is developing in the banking sector. The paper will particularly try to identify if the banking sector is proactive or reactive, by observing initiatives and projects at the international, European, and local level that have been developing for the last two decades, and based on that, to try to assess if a concept of sustainability and sustainable finance represent an evolution (upgrade of the existing culture and practice) or a revolution (new paradigm) in the banking sector.

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Agyenim-Boateng, Cletus, Anne Stafford i Pam Stapleton. "Does the United Kingdom’s Local Improvement Finance Trust (LIFT) Scheme for Primary Health Care Enhance Partnership Working?" Public Works Management & Policy 25, nr 3 (20.01.2020): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087724x19899401.

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This article draws on a qualitative case study comparing two U.K. primary health care schemes which were entered into as part of the Local Improvement Finance Trust (LIFT) policy. LIFT takes the form of a social infrastructure Public Private Partnership (PPP) where public procurers and private suppliers work together in active long-term partnering agreements to deliver local primary health care facilities. The organizational structure is that of a joint venture company which is jointly owned by public and private partners, with the expectation that by having both the public and private sector represented on the company board partnership working between the two sectors is enhanced. The two schemes studied delivered contrasting results. One scheme showed how the private sector dominated the board, making partnership working difficult to achieve in the context of directors following their fiduciary role to maximize profits for shareholders. However, the findings from the second scheme showed that partnership working and LIFT success may be dependent on trust, general business ethos, and key personalities working together. Policy makers should therefore pay attention to not only the organizational structures, but also how the private sector controls and governance are exercised to benefit all stakeholders.

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Abdullah M. Aloweid, Abdullah M. Aloweid. "Residents Opinions toward their Dwellings Built with the Support of the Real Estate Development Fund." journal of king abdulaziz university environmental design Science 6, nr 1 (2.01.2009): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/env.6-1.3.

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In the past, private sector housing in Saudi Arabia was mostly undertaken through private initiative and almost all houses were financed through savings of individuals or income of the owners, because of the non-availability of construction finance on a long term basis. One of the major approaches by the Government for solving the housing problems was the Real Estate Development Fund (REDF). Its primary objective is to stimulate the development of private sector housing by offering interest free long term loans to Saudi Citizens. It was established as a semi-government financial institution attached to the Ministry of Finance and National Economy. This paper provides an overview and analysis of the private sector housing and the role of the Real Estate Development Fund in the support and development for housing construction in Saudi Arabia. Interviews and questionnaires were conducted with the heads of households in selected dwellings constructed with the support of the Real Estate Development Fund. (134 questionnaires). The conclusion of this work stresses the importance and continuation of the fund in order to increase home ownership however additional measures of control need to be carried out .Recommendations presented in this paper may well help achieve appropriate dwellings that satisfy resident's needs and desires.

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Guevara, Porfirio, Robert Hill i Michael Scholz. "Hedonic indexes for public and private housing in Costa Rica". International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 10, nr 1 (6.02.2017): 140–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-02-2016-0014.

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Purpose This study aims to show how hedonic methods can be used to compare the performance of the public and private sector housing markets in Costa Rica. Design/methodology/approach Hedonic price indexes are computed using the adjacent-period method. Average housing quality is measured by comparing hedonic and median price indexes. The relative performance of the public and private sector residential construction is compared by estimating separate hedonic models for each sector. A private sector price is then imputed for each house built in the public sector, and a public sector price is imputed for each house built in the private sector. Findings The real quality-adjusted price of private housing rose by 12 per cent between 2000 and 2013, whereas the price of private housing rose by 9 per cent. The average quality of private housing rose by 45 per cent, whereas that of public housing fell by 18 per cent. Nevertheless, the hedonic imputation analysis reveals that public housing could not be produced more cheaply in the private sector. Social implications The quality of public housing has declined over time. The hedonic analysis shows that the decline is not because of a lack of competition between construction firms in the public sector. An alternative demand side explanation is provided. Originality/value This study applies hedonic methods in novel ways to compare the relative performance of the public and private housing sectors in Costa Rica. The results shed new light on the effectiveness of public sector housing programs.

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Adamanti, Justina, Sugiharso Safuan i Zaafri Ananto Husodo. "THE IMPACT OF DOMESTIC INVESTORS’ PARTICIPATION IN GOVERNMENT DEBT ON BANK LOANS TO THE PRIVATE SECTOR: A CROSS-COUNTRY STUDY". Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 25, nr 3 (30.11.2022): 275–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bmeb.v25i3.2121.

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This study analyzes the impact of domestic investors’ participation in government debt on bank loans to the private sector in advanced and emerging countries. We find that domestic bank participation in government debt has a more profound negative impact on bank loans to the private sector in advanced than in emerging countries. Meanwhile, domestic non-bank participation in government debt only negatively impacts bank loans to private sector in emerging countries. While both domestic bank and non-bank participation in government debt have a negative impact on bank loans to the private sector in emerging countries, the latter has a weaker impact.

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Adamanti, Justina, Sugiharso Safuan i Zaafri Ananto Husodo. "THE IMPACT OF DOMESTIC INVESTORS’ PARTICIPATION IN GOVERNMENT DEBT ON BANK LOANS TO THE PRIVATE SECTOR: A CROSS-COUNTRY STUDY". Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 25, nr 3 (30.11.2022): 275–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v25i3.2121.

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This study analyzes the impact of domestic investors’ participation in government debt on bank loans to the private sector in advanced and emerging countries. We find that domestic bank participation in government debt has a more profound negative impact on bank loans to the private sector in advanced than in emerging countries. Meanwhile, domestic non-bank participation in government debt only negatively impacts bank loans to private sector in emerging countries. While both domestic bank and non-bank participation in government debt have a negative impact on bank loans to the private sector in emerging countries, the latter has a weaker impact.

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Kumar, Mahesh, i Sanjay Gupta. "Security perception of e-banking users in India: an analytical hierarchy process". Banks and Bank Systems 15, nr 1 (13.02.2020): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.15(1).2020.02.

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When choosing online financial transactions, security is a paramount concern of users. Three categories of banks in India, namely public, private and foreign banks, have a completely different focus on technology and capabilities. The study aims at investigating e-banking users’ perception with regard to online risk for public, private and foreign banks. Online risk perception for the abovementioned banks was assessed on three major risk parameters, i.e. security aspect, privacy aspect, and trust; using a multiple-criteria decision-making tool, called the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The outcomes indicate that security risk is paramount among various aspects of perceived risk, followed by privacy and trust concern. Moreover, public sector banks are perceived to be the safest in this aspect. Public sector banks are also considered to be benign in terms of privacy and trust. Given the general user’s perception of risk generated by all the three risk parameters taken together, public sector banks are perceived to be the most secure, followed by private and foreign banks. The findings of this study have various implications for both research and practice. Private and foreign banks in India may adopt appropriate marketing strategies to achieve a favorable perception. Various studies have been conducted earlier on these factors and their interrelationship, but limited research has been carried out to demonstrate the importance of each of these factors in relation to the other as perceived by the user. Moreover, the study quantifies factors in order of their importance.

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Khatri-Chhetri, Arun, Tek B. Sapkota, Bjoern O. Sander, Jacobo Arango, Katherine M. Nelson i Andreas Wilkes. "Financing climate change mitigation in agriculture: assessment of investment cases". Environmental Research Letters 16, nr 12 (1.12.2021): 124044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac3605.

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Abstract More than one-quarter of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions come from agriculture, forestry, and land-use change. As with other sectors of the economy, agriculture should also contribute to meeting countries’ emission reduction targets. Transformation of agriculture to low-carbon food systems requires much larger investments in low emission development options from global climate finance, domestic budgets, and the private sector. Innovative financing mechanisms and instruments that integrate climate finance, agriculture development budgets, and private sector investment can improve and increase farmers’ and other value chain actors’ access to finance while delivering environmental, economic, and social benefits. Investment cases assessed in this study provide rich information to design and implement mitigation options in agriculture through unlocking additional sources of public and private capital, strengthening the links between financial institutions, farmers, and agribusiness, and coordination of actions across multiple stakeholders. These investment cases expand support for existing agricultural best practices, integrate forestry and agricultural actions to avoid land-use change, and support the transition to market-based solutions.

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Md Lasa, Yati, Norizan Ahmad i Roshana Takim. "Financing Preference Behaviour for Private Finance Initiative (PFI) Projects". Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 1, nr 1 (26.06.2016): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v1i1.188.

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Project Financing Initiative (PFI) projects require the private sector to invest an enormous amount of capital for the development of public projects. The private sector has to seek cost-effective financing sources for their survival in the long-term concession. Conventional financing uses widely; however, Islamic financing promises better financing through profit and loss sharing. This paper reviews financing preferences for PFI projects and the factors influencing the choice of funding. The results show that religious perspective, quality of services, financing facilities and reputation are the factors that are expected will influence the financing preference behaviour, either Islamic or conventional finance.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Conventional project finance; Islamic project finance; preference; Private Finance Initiative

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Birt, Jacqueline, Mahesh Joshi i Michael Kend. "Segment reporting in a developing economy: the Indian banking sector". Asian Review of Accounting 25, nr 1 (6.02.2017): 127–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ara-06-2015-0064.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the value relevance of segment information for both public and private sector banks in India. In doing so, this paper examines a rapidly developing economy and perhaps its most critical sector during this period of strong economic growth. Design/methodology/approach In this study uses the simplified Ohlson model, for a sample of 136 private sector and public sector banks for the period 2007-2010 in India. Findings The paper finds that public sector banks have higher share prices, higher earnings and more equity compared with private sector banks. Segment earnings data is highly value relevant for both sectors; however, segment equity data is only marginally value relevant for Indian banks. The number of segments is also value relevant and associated with higher share prices. Originality/value The results of this study contribute additional evidence to the literature on segment reporting by studying the effect of adoption of segment reporting in an emerging market. Findings from the paper are particularly relevant as India is currently in the process of changing its segment reporting requirements and moving to an IFRS-based segment standard.

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Kovač, Nevenka, i Šime Smolić. "Private health care sector in Croatia". Ekonomski pregled 72, nr 4 (2021): 619–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32910/ep.72.4.6.

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This paper investigates the trends in business activity of the private health care sector in Croatia from 2011 to 2018. Databases of Croatian provider of financial and electronic services - Financial Agency (FINA) - have been employed to explore key performance indicators of private health care sector companies, in particular trends in total employment, business revenues and operating profits. In addition, the most important features of voluntary health insurance (VHI) provided by private health insurance companies and the Croatian Health Insurance Fund (HZZO) have been presented. Furthermore, this paper provides both a relevant analysis of the private health care sector as well as private spending on health care in Croatia. The results indicate that users of health care services are willing to pay more to gain faster access and higher quality services. In 2018, expenditures for private health care services reached almost HRK 5 billion. Nearly 60% were out-of-pocket (OOP) payments and 40% were paid through the VHI. Despite the persistent recession, the private health care sector in Croatia experienced an average annual growth rate of 10% in the analysed period. More recently, the trend of introduction of more complex services within private providers can be observed indicating the rise in investments, and competitiveness. In conclusion, private health care sector’s presence in Croatia is a reality that should be addressed adequately. Original findings in this paper might serve as starting point for future discussions regarding the private health care sector role in the overall health care system financing. The paper brings a deeper insight into Croatian private health care sector market using original and most recent microdata thus shedding the light on important part of our health economy. Nevertheless, paper has certain limitations that are mainly reflected in relatively narrow set of indicators used in private health care sector business analysis. This though might be addressed properly in future research.

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McNamara, Michael J. "Medicare Reform: The Private-Sector Impact". Journal of Risk and Insurance 54, nr 3 (wrzesień 1987): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/253375.

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Gallagher, Daniel J., i Mary E. Edwards. "Prison Industries and the private sector". Atlantic Economic Journal 25, nr 1 (marzec 1997): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02298479.

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Samuwai, Jale, Jeremy Maxwell Hills i Evanthie Michalena. "Thinking Outside the Box: Deepening Private Sector Investments in Fiji’s Nationally Determined Contributions through Scenario Analysis". Sustainability 11, nr 15 (1.08.2019): 4161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154161.

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Private finance is seen as the financing panacea for resourcing the nationally determined contributions (NDC) submitted by 170 countries to the United Nations (UN) system. Mobilizing private investment is challenging, especially for vulnerable Pacific Island Countries (PICs). Fifteen PICs have already submitted ambitious NDC targets, in which transition towards a sustainable energy environment through investment in renewable energy (RE) is central. Presently, RE investments in PICs are primarily external donor financed, however, reliance on limited and uncertain external finance is unlikely to deliver the required energy transition. A future scenario methodology was used, with Fiji as a case-study; the analysis provided insight into alternative trajectories towards transition. Based on the scenario analysis, an NDC resource mobilization framework was developed. Conclusions suggest that donors should re-orientate their priorities from investments in RE installations, towards investments that upgrade the current RE readiness levels and promote a long-term perspective of “organically growing” the local private RE sector. Channeling resources to target initiatives that will endogenously grow the domestic private sector is critical for PICs, as well as other developing countries, which represent a majority of the NDCs, and which are projected to dominate global growth in energy demand for decades to come.

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35

Graeff, Imke. "Open Debate on Accounting for the European Private Sector". Accounting, Economics, and Law: A Convivium 7, nr 2 (26.10.2017): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ael-2017-0024.

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Abstract This article contains the proceedings of the open debate that followed the plenary panel on ‘Accounting for the European Private Sector: Reconsidering Accounting Objectives From Economy and Finance’ at the international workshop on ‘Which Accounting Regulation for Europe’s Economy and Society?’ organised under the auspices of the European Parliament in Strasbourg, on 20 May 2015.

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36

Oyebowale, Adeola Yahya, i Noah Kofi Karley. "Investigating Finance-Growth Nexus: Further Evidence from Nigeria". International Journal of Economics and Finance 10, nr 9 (25.08.2018): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n9p121.

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This study investigates the influence of financial sector development on economic growth in Nigeria during the period 1982 to 2015. As such, the study obtained annual secondary data from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletins and World Bank financial database. The empirical model for this study examines growth in savings, growth in exchange rate, growth in government expenditure, growth in stock market capitalization, growth in credit to private sector, growth in gross capital formation, growth in trade openness and growth in broad money on economic growth in Nigeria. The multiple regression output reveals that growth in government expenditure and growth in gross capital formation are statistically significant on economic growth in Nigeria at 1% and 10% respectively under the period under investigation while other regressors in the model prove to be statistically insignificant. VAR test shows that there is considerable short-run causality running from lags of regressors to economic growth in Nigeria except for lag 1 of growth in exchange rate and lag 2 of growth in credit to private sector. The granger causality test reveals the existence of bi-directional causality between financial sector development and economic growth in Nigeria during the period under investigation. Hence, this study supports the ‘feedback hypothesis’ view on finance-growth. Based on these empirical results, this study recommends effective channeling of funds to the private sector and autonomy of the Central Bank of Nigeria in the use of monetary policy tools.

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Huong, Dang Boi, Nguyen Khanh Phuong, Sarah Bales, Chen Jiaying, Henry Lucas i Malcolm Segall. "Rural Health Care in Vietnam and China: Conflict between Market Reforms and Social Need". International Journal of Health Services 37, nr 3 (lipiec 2007): 555–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/h0l2-8004-6182-6826.

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China and Vietnam have adopted market reforms in the health sector in the context of market economic reforms. Vietnam has developed a large private health sector, while in China commercialization has occurred mainly in the formal public sector, where user fees are now the main source of facility finance. As a result, the integrity of China's planned health service has been disrupted, especially in poor rural areas. In Vietnam the government has been an important financer of public health facilities and the pre-reform health service is largely intact, although user fees finance an increasing share of facility expenditure. Over-servicing of patients to generate revenue occurs in both countries, but more seriously in China. In both countries government health expenditure has declined as a share of total health expenditure and total government expenditure, while out-of-pocket health spending has become the main form of health finance. This has particularly affected the rural poor, deterring them from accessing health care. Assistance for the poor to meet public-sector user fees is more beneficial and widespread in Vietnam than China. China is now criticizing the degree of commercialization of its health system and considers its health reforms “basically unsuccessful.” Market reforms that stimulate growth in the economy are not appropriate to reform of social sectors such as health.

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Miyamoto, Kazuaki, Yukiya Sato i Keiichi Kitazume. "Private-Sector Participation in Infrastructure Projects and Value for Money". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1932, nr 1 (styczeń 2005): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193200103.

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Private-sector participation in infrastructure projects has gained worldwide acceptance as a way of ensuring more efficient and effective projects and of supplementing public financing. However, few studies have comprehensively focused on the possible impacts of private-sector participation, including changes in multiplier effects, economic benefits and costs, and the tax effects and transfer between local and central governments. The aim of the present study was to develop a comprehensive system of estimating the various impacts caused by changes in the scheme of public works or procurement of public services and evaluating the final impacts on stakeholders in the society. After establishment of a general flow system of money and benefits in the case of an infrastructure project by identification of the relationships between the stakeholders, tools were installed into the system to estimate the amount of financial flows, including tax and subsidy, under an alternative public finance institution and a project scheme. As a case study, a road project adhering to the design, build, finance, and operate scheme was compared with one adhering to the conventional scheme. The results of the case study indicate that value for money evaluation depends to a significant extent on the viewpoint and the scope of the analysis and that the difference between evaluations can be substantial. In addition, the results demonstrate the necessity of public finance transfer between central and local governments to ensure that the project is more efficient and effective with the participation of the private sector.

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Phomsoupha, Xaypaseuth. "Project Financing in Laos’ Hydropower for Export of Electricity to Thailand". Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment 10 (5.12.2012): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v10i0.7096.

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Laos, a mountainous and landlocked country, continues to exploit its hydropower potential for export of electricity to neighboring countries such as Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia. Despite the great development potential and market opportunities both inside and outside the country, the scarcity of finance for public investment in the power generation sector has been a bottleneck for Lao hydropower. Private investment has therefore been sought and promoted through an independent power producer (IPP) approach which relies on the availability of project funds from the private sector. Currently, six privately-financed hydropower projects operated by private companies are exporting electricity to the grids of Laos’ neighbors. Ten additional hydropower projects developed with private financing are now under construction, and several other projects now under consideration as to their technical feasibility are planned to achieve power-on by 2020.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v10i0.7096 Hydro Nepal Vol.10 January 2012 7-10

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Malik Muhammadd, Dr. Atiquzzafar Khan i Hafiz Abdur Rehman. "Islamic Finance and Economic Growth". Islamic Banking and Finance Review 6 (31.12.2019): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/ibfr.2019.06.02.

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Due to the inherent instability of the conventional financial system, the demand for Islamic finance has increased. Islamic finance is more stable because it does not rely on debt-based financing. Currently, Islamic finance is one of the fastest growing sectors of economy in the Muslim world in general and in Pakistan in particular and it plays a vital role in the real sector development. This paper investigated the impact of Islamic viz a viz conventional finance on economic growth of Pakistan. For empirical analysis, quarterly data for the period 2006Q3–2017Q4 was utilized. For Islamic finance, the study used total financing (finance plus investment) by Islamic banks, whereas credit given to the private sector by conventional banks was used as the measure of conventional finance. Using GMM method of estimation, our findings revealed that Islamic finance enhances economic growth and also fulfills some specific needs of economic agents which otherwise would have remained unfulfilled by conventional finance. Further, the study also used government spending, investment, trade openness and inflation as control variables.

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Akintoye, Akintola, i Ezekiel Chinyio. "Private Finance Initiative in the healthcare sector: trends and risk assessment". Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 12, nr 6 (grudzień 2005): 601–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980510634155.

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Looney, Robert E. "Infrastructure and private sector investment in Pakistan". Journal of Asian Economics 8, nr 3 (wrzesień 1997): 393–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1049-0078(97)90046-4.

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Ralston, Bill. "Application of ZBB: North American Private Sector". Managerial Finance 12, nr 2 (luty 1986): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb013561.

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Illing, Gerhard. "Bailing in the private sector". Intereconomics 35, nr 2 (marzec 2000): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02930129.

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Stewart, Ian John, Andrea Viski i Jonathan Brewer. "Combating the financing of proliferation: challenges and new tools". Journal of Financial Crime 27, nr 4 (13.03.2020): 1107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-06-2019-0082.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine why most governments appear to attach less importance to countering proliferation finance than they do to countering money laundering or terrorist financing. Design/methodology/approach The paper examines this question from a number of perspectives including a definitional perspective, a national regulatory perspective and a private sector implementation perspective. Findings It is shown that there are presently significant gaps in counter proliferation finance implementation at the national level, with follow-on implications for private sector compliance. Research limitations/implications A key finding is that most governments do not address the issue of proliferation finance as distinct from other forms of financial crime such as terrorist financing or money laundering. Practical implications Practical opportunities for improved financial sector implementation of counter proliferation finance controls are identified, but it is argued that it is states that must do more to meet their obligations for improvements to be realised. Social implications The risk of not doing so is that the financial system will continue to be misused to finance the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Originality/value The study seeks to fill a gap in existing academic literature on the question of why proliferation finance receives less attention than other forms of financial crime. The study builds on original research undertaken by the authors including the typologies of proliferation finance, which were later incorporated into an updated Financial Action Task Force report on this topic, as well as events organised by the authors to explore the topic of proliferation finance implementation with governments and the private sector.

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Sy, Do Tien, Veerasak Likhitruangsilp, Masamitsu Onishi i Phong Thanh Nguyen. "DIFFERENT PERCEPTIONS OF CONCERN FACTORS FOR STRATEGIC INVESTMENT OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS". ASEAN Engineering Journal 7, nr 2 (1.12.2017): 66–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/aej.v7.15493.

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This paper identifies the concern factors of private investors associated with Public-Private Partnership (PPP) transportation projects in Vietnam. The concern factors are incorporated into four main groups: (1) company profile; (2) finance; (3) opportunities; and (4) risk perceptions. The paper examines the different perceptions by the public and private sectors about these concern factors adopted by experienced professionals related to PPP transportation projects. Based on a questionnaire survey in Vietnam, the most concern factors of private investors are their own capacity, demand issues, legal and political risks, long-term income, and financial sources issues of the PPP project. Moreover, five factors that represent the significant differences between the private and public sectors including political risks, enhancement of company’s strength in its industry, construction risks, demand issues, and financial viability of the company are also discovered. Addressing the different perceptions is indispensable to ensure the public sector can establish necessary policies that appeal to both domestic and foreign private investors. The paper at the same time hopes to provide some of lessons for the private sector.

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Garudik, Dr Vijay Kumar. "Rankwise Financial literacy of Government Employees, Public Sector Employees, and Private Employees in Rajkot City of Gujrat". International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Configuration 2, nr 2 (29.04.2022): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52984/ijomrc2209.

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Financial Literacy is how much well versed people are about basic concept of Finance. To achieve objective of financial inclusion, people must be financially literate first. To rank the financial literacy of the respondents of Rajkot, particular study is undertaken. The study is confined to salaried employees of Government, Public and Private sectors of Rajkot. Keywords: Rank-wise, financial literacy, Government Employees, Public Sector Employees, Private Employees and Rajkot.

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Weidman, John C. "Diversifying Finance of Higher Education". education policy analysis archives 3 (24.02.1995): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v3n5.1995.

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In countries throughout the world, there are increasing pressures to reduce the government share of costs for goods and services with high payoffs to individuals so that the limited available public funds can be used for other needs. This paper suggests several strategies for reducing government expenditures on higher education, including direct cost recovery, grants from and contracts with external agencies, income-producing enterprises, private contributions, and expansion of the private sector. Policy implications and examples (e.g., student access and financial aid, tax status of revenues from enterprises, deferred cost recovery) are presented for both developing and developed countries.

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Gholipour, Hassan F., Elias Oikarinen i Reza Tajaddini. "Banks’ lending to public and private sectors and house prices: does bank ownership matter?" International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 13, nr 2 (22.06.2019): 227–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-01-2019-0006.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the interaction between banks’ lending to public and private sectors and house prices using data from the Iranian banking system including, commercial government-owned banks (CGBs), specialized government-owned banks and private banks. Design/methodology/approach The authors use quarterly data from the second quarter of 2004 to the first quarter of 2016 and apply structural vector autoregression models. Findings The results show that: a positive shock to the loan supply to the private sector triggers a positive response from house prices; a positive shock to the loan supply to the public sector does not trigger a positive response from house prices; house price appreciations contribute significantly to banks’ lending to the public sector but not lending to the private sector; each loan supply by three different types of banks influences house prices positively; and CGBs’ lending to the private sector does not respond to house price shocks. Originality/value Although the relationship between banks’ lending and house prices is well-established in the literature, existing studies have not yet examined whether bank ownership matters for the link between banks’ lending and house prices.

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Vladisavljevic, Marko. "The public sector wage premium and fiscal consolidation in Serbia". Ekonomski anali 62, nr 215 (2017): 111–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1715111v.

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Responding to a high fiscal deficit, the Serbian government introduced a set of fiscal consolidation measures at the beginning of 2015, including a 10% public sector wage cut. This paper analyses the difference in wages between the public and the private sector in Serbia and changes in the public sector wage premium after the measures were introduced. The results show that, similarly to many other countries, wages in the Serbian public sector are on average higher than in the private sector, partially due to the better labour market characteristics of public sector workers. The public sector wage premium was 17.4% in 2014 and was mainly driven by higher returns to education, work experience, and occupation in this sector. In 2015 the premium dropped by 6 percentage points due to a lessening of the difference in returns between the sectors. Therefore, in addition to reducing budget expenditures, fiscal consolidation in Serbia has reduced wage inequality between these sectors.

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