Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Principal components analysis”
Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych
Sprawdź 50 najlepszych rozpraw doktorskich naukowych na temat „Principal components analysis”.
Przycisk „Dodaj do bibliografii” jest dostępny obok każdej pracy w bibliografii. Użyj go – a my automatycznie utworzymy odniesienie bibliograficzne do wybranej pracy w stylu cytowania, którego potrzebujesz: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver itp.
Możesz również pobrać pełny tekst publikacji naukowej w formacie „.pdf” i przeczytać adnotację do pracy online, jeśli odpowiednie parametry są dostępne w metadanych.
Przeglądaj rozprawy doktorskie z różnych dziedzin i twórz odpowiednie bibliografie.
Nunes, Madalena Baioa Paraíso. "Portfolio selection : a study using principal component analysis". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14598.
Pełny tekst źródłaNesta tese aplicámos a análise de componentes principais ao mercado bolsista português usando os constituintes do índice PSI-20, de Julho de 2008 a Dezembro de 2016. Os sete primeiros componentes principais foram retidos, por se ter verificado que estes representavam as maiores fontes de risco deste mercado em específico. Assim, foram construídos sete portfólios principais e comparámo-los com outras estratégias de alocação. Foram construídos o portfólio 1/N (portfólio com investimento igual para cada um dos 26 ativos), o PPEqual (portfólio com igual investimento em cada um dos 7 principal portfólios) e o portfólio MV (portfólio que tem por base a teoria moderna de gestão de carteiras de Markowitz (1952)). Concluímos que estes dois últimos portfólios apresentavam os melhores resultados em termos de risco e retorno, sendo o portfólio PPEqual mais adequado a um investidor com maior grau de aversão ao risco e o portfólio MV mais adequado a um investidor que estaria disposto a arriscar mais em prol de maior retorno. No que diz respeito ao nível de risco, o PPEqual é o portfólio com melhores resultados e nenhum outro portfólio conseguiu apresentar valores semelhantes. Assim encontrámos um portfólio que é a ponderação de todos os portfólios principais por nós construídos e este era o portfólio mais eficiente em termos de risco.
In this thesis we apply principal component analysis to the Portuguese stock market using the constituents of the PSI-20 index from July 2008 to December 2016. The first seven principal components were retained, as we verified that these represented the major risk sources in this specific market. Seven principal portfolios were constructed and we compared them with other allocation strategies. The 1/N portfolio (with an equal investment in each of the 26 stocks), the PPEqual portfolio (with an equal investment in each of the 7 principal portfolios) and the MV portfolio (based on Markowitz's (1952) mean-variance strategy) were constructed. We concluded that these last two portfolios presented the best results in terms of return and risk, with PPEqual portfolio being more suitable for an investor with a greater degree of risk aversion and the MV portfolio more suitable for an investor willing to risk more in favour of higher returns. Regarding the level of risk, PPEqual is the portfolio with the best results and, so far, no other portfolio has presented similar values. Therefore, we found an equally-weighted portfolio among all the principal portfolios we built, which was the most risk efficient.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Brubaker, S. Charles. "Extensions of principal components analysis". Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29645.
Pełny tekst źródłaCommittee Chair: Santosh Vempala; Committee Member: Adam Kalai; Committee Member: Haesun Park; Committee Member: Ravi Kannan; Committee Member: Vladimir Koltchinskii. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
Brandenberg, Romano Rodolfo. "Principal Components Analysis of Commodity Trading Advisors". St. Gallen, 2008. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/02604577002/$FILE/02604577002.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaFučík, Vojtěch. "Principal component analysis in Finance". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264205.
Pełny tekst źródłaKhwambala, Patricia Helen. "The importance of selecting the optimal number of principal components for fault detection using principal component analysis". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11930.
Pełny tekst źródłaIncludes bibliographical references.
Fault detection and isolation are the two fundamental building blocks of process monitoring. Accurate and efficient process monitoring increases plant availability and utilization. Principal component analysis is one of the statistical techniques that are used for fault detection. Determination of the number of PCs to be retained plays a big role in detecting a fault using the PCA technique. In this dissertation focus has been drawn on the methods of determining the number of PCs to be retained for accurate and effective fault detection in a laboratory thermal system. SNR method of determining number of PCs, which is a relatively recent method, has been compared to two commonly used methods for the same, the CPV and the scree test methods.
Brennan, Victor L. "Principal component analysis with multiresolution". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2001. http://etd.fcla.edu/etd/uf/2001/ank7079/brennan%5Fdissertation.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaTitle from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 124 p.; also contains graphics. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 120-123).
López, Alfageme Alfredo Ignacio. "Nonlinear principal components analysis for measures and images". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/114861.
Pełny tekst źródłaEn esta tesis definimos dos adaptaciones no-lineales del análisis de componentes principales, para el estudio de la variabilidad de datos conformados por medidas de probabilidad y por imágenes. En el Capitulo 2 introducimos el método de análisis de componentes principales geodésico (ACPG) en el espacio de medidas de probabilidad en la línea real, con segundo momento finito, dotado de la métrica de Wasserstein. Apoyándonos en la estructura pseudo-riemanniana del espacio de Wasserstein, definimos el ACPG basado en adaptaciones del ACP a variedades, propuestas en la literatura. En este contexto, el ACPG se define por medio de un problema de minimización sobre el espacio conformado por los subconjuntos geodésicos del espacio de Wasserstein. Usando argumentos de compacidad y de gama-convergencia, establecemos la consistencia del método, demostrando que el ACPG converge a su contraparte poblacional, cuando el tamaño de la muestra crece a infinito. Discutimos las ventajas de este método, respecto a un ACP funcional estándar de medidas de probabilidad en el espacio de Hilbert de funciones a cuadrado integrable. Con el fin de mostrar los beneficios de este procedimiento para el análisis de datos, exhibimos algunos ejemplos ilustrativos en un modelo estadístico simple. En el Capitulo 3 describimos el método de análisis de componentes principales geométrico (ACP geométrico) para analizar los modos principales de variación geométrica de un conjunto de imágenes. En este contexto proponemos modelar la variabilidad geométrica de las imágenes, respecto a un patrón medio de referencia, por medio de un operador de deformación parametrizado por un espacio de Hilbert. El ACP geométrico consta de dos etapas: (1) registro de imágenes usando un operador de deformación y (2) ACP estándar en los parámetros asociados a las deformaciones. La consistencia del procedimiento es analizada en el contexto de un modelo estadístico de patrón deformable, con una doble asíntota, donde el número de observaciones tiende a infinito y el ruido aditivo converge a cero. Para destacar los beneficios de este procedimiento, describimos un algoritmo y su aplicación a algunos experimentos numéricos con imágenes reales.
Bhamani, Feroz. "Hedging Interest-Rate Options Using Principal Components Analysis". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29250.
Pełny tekst źródłaPatak, Zdenek. "Robust principal component analysis via projection pursuit". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29737.
Pełny tekst źródłaScience, Faculty of
Statistics, Department of
Graduate
Wedlake, Ryan Stuart. "Robust principal component analysis biplots". Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/929.
Pełny tekst źródłaMurphy, Terrence Edward. "Multivariate Quality Control Using Loss-Scaled Principal Components". Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-11222004-122326/unrestricted/murphy%5Fterrence%5Fe%5F200412%5Fphd.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaVictoria Chen, Committee Co-Chair ; Kwok Tsui, Committee Chair ; Janet Allen, Committee Member ; David Goldsman, Committee Member ; Roshan Vengazhiyil, Committee Member. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
Pepler, Pieter Theo. "The identification and application of common principal components". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96101.
Pełny tekst źródłaENGLISH ABSTRACT: When estimating the covariance matrices of two or more populations, the covariance matrices are often assumed to be either equal or completely unrelated. The common principal components (CPC) model provides an alternative which is situated between these two extreme assumptions: The assumption is made that the population covariance matrices share the same set of eigenvectors, but have di erent sets of eigenvalues. An important question in the application of the CPC model is to determine whether it is appropriate for the data under consideration. Flury (1988) proposed two methods, based on likelihood estimation, to address this question. However, the assumption of multivariate normality is untenable for many real data sets, making the application of these parametric methods questionable. A number of non-parametric methods, based on bootstrap replications of eigenvectors, is proposed to select an appropriate common eigenvector model for two population covariance matrices. Using simulation experiments, it is shown that the proposed selection methods outperform the existing parametric selection methods. If appropriate, the CPC model can provide covariance matrix estimators that are less biased than when assuming equality of the covariance matrices, and of which the elements have smaller standard errors than the elements of the ordinary unbiased covariance matrix estimators. A regularised covariance matrix estimator under the CPC model is proposed, and Monte Carlo simulation results show that it provides more accurate estimates of the population covariance matrices than the competing covariance matrix estimators. Covariance matrix estimation forms an integral part of many multivariate statistical methods. Applications of the CPC model in discriminant analysis, biplots and regression analysis are investigated. It is shown that, in cases where the CPC model is appropriate, CPC discriminant analysis provides signi cantly smaller misclassi cation error rates than both ordinary quadratic discriminant analysis and linear discriminant analysis. A framework for the comparison of di erent types of biplots for data with distinct groups is developed, and CPC biplots constructed from common eigenvectors are compared to other types of principal component biplots using this framework. A subset of data from the Vermont Oxford Network (VON), of infants admitted to participating neonatal intensive care units in South Africa and Namibia during 2009, is analysed using the CPC model. It is shown that the proposed non-parametric methodology o ers an improvement over the known parametric methods in the analysis of this data set which originated from a non-normally distributed multivariate population. CPC regression is compared to principal component regression and partial least squares regression in the tting of models to predict neonatal mortality and length of stay for infants in the VON data set. The tted regression models, using readily available day-of-admission data, can be used by medical sta and hospital administrators to counsel parents and improve the allocation of medical care resources. Predicted values from these models can also be used in benchmarking exercises to assess the performance of neonatal intensive care units in the Southern African context, as part of larger quality improvement programmes.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Wanneer die kovariansiematrikse van twee of meer populasies beraam word, word dikwels aanvaar dat die kovariansiematrikse of gelyk, of heeltemal onverwant is. Die gemeenskaplike hoofkomponente (GHK) model verskaf 'n alternatief wat tussen hierdie twee ekstreme aannames gele e is: Die aanname word gemaak dat die populasie kovariansiematrikse dieselfde versameling eievektore deel, maar verskillende versamelings eiewaardes het. 'n Belangrike vraag in die toepassing van die GHK model is om te bepaal of dit geskik is vir die data wat beskou word. Flury (1988) het twee metodes, gebaseer op aanneemlikheidsberaming, voorgestel om hierdie vraag aan te spreek. Die aanname van meerveranderlike normaliteit is egter ongeldig vir baie werklike datastelle, wat die toepassing van hierdie metodes bevraagteken. 'n Aantal nie-parametriese metodes, gebaseer op skoenlus-herhalings van eievektore, word voorgestel om 'n geskikte gemeenskaplike eievektor model te kies vir twee populasie kovariansiematrikse. Met die gebruik van simulasie eksperimente word aangetoon dat die voorgestelde seleksiemetodes beter vaar as die bestaande parametriese seleksiemetodes. Indien toepaslik, kan die GHK model kovariansiematriks beramers verskaf wat minder sydig is as wanneer aanvaar word dat die kovariansiematrikse gelyk is, en waarvan die elemente kleiner standaardfoute het as die elemente van die gewone onsydige kovariansiematriks beramers. 'n Geregulariseerde kovariansiematriks beramer onder die GHK model word voorgestel, en Monte Carlo simulasie resultate toon dat dit meer akkurate beramings van die populasie kovariansiematrikse verskaf as ander mededingende kovariansiematriks beramers. Kovariansiematriks beraming vorm 'n integrale deel van baie meerveranderlike statistiese metodes. Toepassings van die GHK model in diskriminantanalise, bi-stippings en regressie-analise word ondersoek. Daar word aangetoon dat, in gevalle waar die GHK model toepaslik is, GHK diskriminantanalise betekenisvol kleiner misklassi kasie foutkoerse lewer as beide gewone kwadratiese diskriminantanalise en line^ere diskriminantanalise. 'n Raamwerk vir die vergelyking van verskillende tipes bi-stippings vir data met verskeie groepe word ontwikkel, en word gebruik om GHK bi-stippings gekonstrueer vanaf gemeenskaplike eievektore met ander tipe hoofkomponent bi-stippings te vergelyk. 'n Deelversameling van data vanaf die Vermont Oxford Network (VON), van babas opgeneem in deelnemende neonatale intensiewe sorg eenhede in Suid-Afrika en Namibi e gedurende 2009, word met behulp van die GHK model ontleed. Daar word getoon dat die voorgestelde nie-parametriese metodiek 'n verbetering op die bekende parametriese metodes bied in die ontleding van hierdie datastel wat afkomstig is uit 'n nie-normaal verdeelde meerveranderlike populasie. GHK regressie word vergelyk met hoofkomponent regressie en parsi ele kleinste kwadrate regressie in die passing van modelle om neonatale mortaliteit en lengte van verblyf te voorspel vir babas in die VON datastel. Die gepasde regressiemodelle, wat maklik bekombare dag-van-toelating data gebruik, kan deur mediese personeel en hospitaaladministrateurs gebruik word om ouers te adviseer en die toewysing van mediese sorg hulpbronne te verbeter. Voorspelde waardes vanaf hierdie modelle kan ook gebruik word in normwaarde oefeninge om die prestasie van neonatale intensiewe sorg eenhede in die Suider-Afrikaanse konteks, as deel van groter gehalteverbeteringprogramme, te evalueer.
Burka, Zak. "Perceptual audio classification using principal component analysis /". Online version of thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/12247.
Pełny tekst źródłaFountanas, Leonidas. "Principal components based techniques for hyperspectral image data". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Dec%5FFountanas.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaCheng, Tze-shan. "Trend forecasting of tropical cyclone behaviour using Eigenvector analysis of the relationship with 500 hPa pattern /". [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1988. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12354636.
Pełny tekst źródłaSaad, Maarouf. "Application of principal components analysis to long-term reservoir management". Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75910.
Pełny tekst źródłaShannak, Kamal Majed. "On Non-Linear Principal Component Analysis for Process Monitoring". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/ShannakKM2004.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaGriffin, Kent E. "Solving the principal minor assignment problem and related computations". Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Summer2006/k%5Fgriffin%5F061406.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaHo, Chi-wing Daniel. "An analysis of property-specific quality attributes for office buildings /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21979315.
Pełny tekst źródłaLiu, Junshi, Caleb D. Bazyler, Christopher B. Taber, Tony Pustina i Satoshi Mizuguchi. "Application of Principal Components Analysis in Kinetics Study for Isometric Squat". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3839.
Pełny tekst źródłaDavis, Christopher Brent Busch Kenneth W. Busch Marianna A. "Application of chemometric analysis to UV-visible and diffuse near-infrared reflectance spectra". Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5042.
Pełny tekst źródłaLloret, Felipe Cyrillo 1988. "Pterodon pubescens Benth. : influência da exposição de frutos ao calor no teor de vouacapanos sobre a atividade antiproliferativa in vitro". [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288222.
Pełny tekst źródłaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T10:27:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lloret_FelipeCyrillo_M.pdf: 3758612 bytes, checksum: 7002aac1760fd55833ce91a085d63599 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: A Pterodon pubescens Benth, conhecida como sucupira é nativa das regiões que consiste o cerrado brasileiro, nos estados de Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Goiás e Mato Grosso do Sul. Nosso grupo iniciou estudos com a espécie Pterodon pubescens Benth em 1998. Inicialmente foram desenvolvidos estudos relacionado a eficácia dos seus extratos e determinação dos princípios ativos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do calor sobre o processo de formação e degradação dos componentes vouacapanos nos frutos de Pterodon pubescens Benth. e sua influência sobre a atividade antiproliferativa in vitro em células tumorais humanas. Os frutos de P. pubescens foram coletados no município de São Carlos, localizado no estado de São Paulo, e no município de Ponto Chique, localizado no estado de Minas Gerais no período de agosto e setembro de 2012. Mensalmente foram preparados extratos por sistema Soxhlet e maceração dinâmica com as amostras de frutos provenientes dos municípios de São Carlos e de Ponto Chique armazenados em estufa, analisados por cromatografia gasosa capilar acoplada a um detector seletivo de massas e tiveram suas atividades antiproliferativas contra linhagem tumoral humana (PC-3) avaliadas por método de sulforrodamina B. Todos os resultados de teores dos compostos de interesse obtidos por CG-EM foram submetidos a análise de variância de uma única via (ANOVA), considerando-se como nível crítico p? 0,05 para que seja considerados diferença significante entre os grupos estudados, seguidos do Teste de Duncan. Para a análise dos compostos que possuem uma maior influência na atividade antiproliferativa do nos extratos obtidos foi utilizado a Análise de Componentes Principais. Foi possível concluir que há uma possível variação genética das espécies de Pterodon pubescens Benth., e que o calor não influenciou na formação do 6?- hidróxi- 7?- acetoxivouacapano, porém influencia no teor dos outros compostos estudados
Abstract: Pterodon pubescens Benth (Fabeacea) chemical variability was investigated to understand if the secondary metabolites 6?-acetoxi 7?-hydroxy-vouacapan content variability, was produced as an artefact overtime or was characteristic of genotype variability. The oil was extracted both by soxhlet system and at room temperature with stirring. The chemical composition was monitored by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The samples were tested in an anticancer assay against prostate (PC-03) human cancer cell line. The response parameter (TGI) was calculated. The chemical variability data was evaluate using the statistical analysis using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to understand which of the extract's components had a real impact on the in vitro antiproliferative activity. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) was performed to visualize the similarities among the extracts components with TGI values. Unscrumbler® v. 9.7 software was employed for analysis. The chemical composition of samples from São Carlos, São Paulo and Ponto Chique, Minais Gerais were monitored monthly during one year for Geranilgeraniol, 6?-acetoxi 7?-hydroxy-vouacapan, 6?- hydroxy-7?-acetoxy-vouacapan-17?-oate methyl ester and 6?-acetoxy-7?-hydroxyvouacapan- 17?-oate methyl ester. In vitro cytotoxicity screening against human prostate cancer cell line displayed higher selectivity and potent anticancer activity with TGI 11.43 mg ml?1 when higher 6?-acetoxi 7?-hydroxy-Vouacapan over total Voaucapan ratio (3.14) was achieved. Nevertheless 6?-acetoxi 7?-hydroxyvouacapan maintained approximately the same content throughout the year among the samples in opposition to overall Voaucapan content. The total Vouacapan total content was directly proportional to Geranygeraniol content decrease content. Samples from São Carlos at time zero had 26% geranylgeraniol content whereas Minas Gerais samples contained the highest content of 1.3%. Throughout the stability test geranylgeraniol concentration decreased with a straight relationship of overall increase of vouacapan content. This study highlights the complexity of factors involved in the production of secondary metabolites in plants. To enable the development of an herbal medicine, one of the greatest challenges is plant input standardization in order to meet efficacy, safety and reproducibility final product's requirements as recommended by Brazilian Sanitary Regulatory Agency (ANVISA). Data presented herein suggest that 6?-acetoxi 7?-hydroxy-vouacapan content variability has a straight relationship with genotype other than produced as artefact overtime
Mestrado
Farmacologia, Anestesiologia e Terapeutica
Mestre em Odontologia
Cao, Zisheng, i 曹子晟. "Incremental algorithms for multilinear principal component analysis of tensor objects". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/208151.
Pełny tekst źródłapublished_or_final_version
Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
Le, Hanh T. Banking & Finance Australian School of Business UNSW. "Discrete PCA: an application to corporate governance research". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Banking & Finance, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40753.
Pełny tekst źródłaZeng, Yicheng. "Order determination for large matrices with spiked structure". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2019. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/667.
Pełny tekst źródłaMorris, Annie J. "Geospatial and statistical foundations for streamflow synthesis in West Virginia". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2738.
Pełny tekst źródłaTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 67 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-67).
Allemang, Matthew R. "Comparison of Automotive Structures Using Transmissibility Functions and Principal Component Analysis". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1367944783.
Pełny tekst źródłaRagozzine, Brett A. "Modeling the Point Spread Function Using Principal Component Analysis". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1224684806.
Pełny tekst źródłaBrock, James L. "Acoustic classification using independent component analysis /". Link to online version, 2006. https://ritdml.rit.edu/dspace/handle/1850/2067.
Pełny tekst źródłaVargas, Giovana. "A genomic association and prediction of principal components of growth traits and visual scores in Nellore cattle /". Jaboticabal, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/180489.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoorientador: Danísio Prado Munari
Coorientador: Haroldo Henrique de Rezende Neves
Resumo: A análise de componentes principais (ACP) é uma técnica da estatística multivariada usada para avaliar as relações entre diferentes características a fim de eliminar a redundância resultante de suas correlações. No melhoramento genético animal, a ACP tem sido usada para explorar possíveis interpretações biológicas associadas aos componentes principais (CPs) que podem levar a caracterização de diferentes biotipos de animais. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: i) avaliar as relações entre características de crescimento, escore visual e reprodutiva, por meio de ACP; ii) identificar, por meio de estudo de associação genômica ampla (GWAS), regiões genômicas que diferenciam os animais quanto aos diferentes componentes; e iii) avaliar a habilidade de predição de valores genéticos genômicos (GEBVs) obtidos para os CPs. Foram utilizados dados fenotípicos de 355.524 animais da raça Nelore provenientes da base de dados Aliança Nelore. Destes, foram genotipados 3.382 animais em painel lllumina® BovineHD (HD, ~777.000 SNPs) e 137 animais em painel GeneSeek Genomic Profiler Bovine HD (~76.000 SNPs). Os animais genotipados com o painel GGP-HD tiveram seus genótipos imputados para o painel mais denso (HD). Após o controle de qualidade, 3.519 animais com informações genotípicas de 471.880 SNPs permaneceram nas análises. A ACP foi realizada utilizando-se a matriz de (co)variância genética aditiva (AT) obtida a partir de análise multi-característica. As estimativas dos efeitos dos SNPs fora... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Principal component analysis (PCA) is a multivariate statistical technique that allows evaluating relationships among different traits in order to eliminate the redundancy resulting from their correlations. In animal breeding, PCA has been used to explore possible biological interpretations associated with the principal components (PCs) that can lead to the characterization of distinguished animal's biotype. The objectives of the present study were: i) to evaluate relationships among growth, visual scores, and reproductive traits by performing a PCA; ii) to identify genomic regions associated with PCs by performing a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on the main PCs; and iii) to evaluate the prediction ability of genomic breeding values (GEBVs) obtained for the PCs. Phenotypic data from 355,524 Nellore animals provided by the Alliance Nellore database, were used in this investigation. A total of 3,382 Nellore animals were genotyped using the lllumina® BovineHD chip (HD, ~777,000 SNPs) and 137 animals were genotyped using the GeneSeek Genomic Profiler Bovine HD chip (~76,000 SNPs). The GGP-HD genotypes were imputed to the HD genotypes. After genomic data quality control, 471,880 SNPs from 3,519 animals were available. The PCA was applied on the additive genetic (co)variance matrix (AT) obtained using multi-trait analysis. For GWAS, SNP effects were estimated using the weighted single-step GBLUP and the BayesC methods. The genes identified within the top-10 ranking windows that explained the highest proportion of variance were used for further functional analyses. For the genomic prediction study, the GEBVs were predicted using three distinguish response variables: EBV of the original traits, EBV of the PCs, and EBV of a selection index used by some Nellore cattle commercial breeding programs. The geno... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Ho, Chi-wing Daniel, i 何志榮. "An analysis of property-specific quality attributes for office buildings". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31240276.
Pełny tekst źródłaMoraes, Amanda Carolina Prado de [UNESP]. "Diversidade fenotípica e determinação do teor de óleo em pinhão-manso por espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/139509.
Pełny tekst źródłaApproved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-06-22T17:12:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 moraes_acp_me_jabo.pdf: 1286128 bytes, checksum: f9b38615935f79407664f88d4e940988 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-22T17:12:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 moraes_acp_me_jabo.pdf: 1286128 bytes, checksum: f9b38615935f79407664f88d4e940988 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-29
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu em caracterizar a diversidade fenotípica em genótipos de pinhão-manso através de análises multivariadas, além de desenvolver um modelo de calibração para a determinação do teor de óleo por meio da espectroscopia do infravermelho próximo (NIR) visando a seleção de genótipos com alto teor de óleo. Para a análise fenotípica, foram avaliados 11 caracteres agronômicos em 165 genótipos de pinhão-manso pertencentes ao banco de germoplasma in vivo localizado no Departamento de Produção Vegetal da UNESP/FCAV, Jaboticabal, SP. Os caracteres utilizados foram: altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, número de ramificações primárias, comprimento de fruto, largura de fruto, peso de fruto, formato de fruto, comprimento de semente, largura de semente, peso de semente e teor de óleo. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de componentes principais (PCA), análise de agrupamento pelo método hierárquico de Ward e método não hierárquico k-médias. O caráter formato de fruto foi retirado das análises multivariadas por ser de natureza qualitativa. Na PCA, os 4 CPs explicaram 71,62% da variância total. Os caracteres de maior contribuição para a discriminação dos genótipos no CP1 foram peso de semente, largura de fruto, comprimento de fruto e peso de fruto. Destacaram-se 22 genótipos promissores com potencial para serem explorados em programas de melhoramento genético. O dendrograma obtido pela análise de agrupamento de Ward e para a análise de k-médias geraram nove grupos, dos quais 5 agruparam genótipos com características vantajosas. As análises multivariadas permitiram a caracterização dos genótipos, possibilitando a seleção para muitos caracteres avaliados e a indicação de estratégias de ganhos com a seleção, para programas de melhoramento genético. Para a construção da curva de calibração e validação para teor de óleo, foram utilizadas sementes de 174 plantas, que tiveram o óleo extraído pelo método "Soxhlet" para obtenção dos valores de referência, que foram entre 50,27% a 63,21% (m/m) de óleo. Os espectros foram coletados das sementes sem tegumento, intactas, por acessório de rotação, por meio da espectroscopia por infravermelho próximo (NIR) em equipamento modelo Tango, Bruker. Cada espectro foi retirado com uma média de 64 scans com resolução de 16 cm-1. As regiões espectrais selecionadas para a curva de calibração foram de 8992 a 7424 cm-1 e 5336 a 4928 cm-1. Os coeficientes de correlação (R2) da curva construída foram de 73,23% para calibração e de 70,79% para validação, sendo o erro quadrado médio de calibração (RMSEC) de 1,35 e o erro quadrado médio de validação cruzada (RMSECV) de 1,40 entre os dados obtidos pelo método de referência e pelo NIR. Os resultados indicaram que o teor de óleo da espécie Jatropha curcas L. pode ser estimado por NIR, e o método de referência utilizado foi satisfatório, apresentando boa correlação com a informação espectral, tornando a curva construída confiável. Contudo, futuramente é necessária a adição de novos valores para a melhoria da sua robustez e amplitude.
The purpose of this study was to characterize the phenotypic diversity in Jatropha genotypes by multivariate analysis, and developing a calibration model for determination oil content by Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) in order to select genotypes with high oil content. For the phenotypic analysis, 11 agronomic characters were evaluated in 165 genotypes of Jatropha belonging to the germplasm bank in vivo located in the Department of Plant Production UNESP / FCAV, Jaboticabal, SP. The characters were: plant height, stem diameter, number of primary branches, fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, fruit shape, seed length, seed width, seed weight and oil content. The data were submitted to principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis by the hierarchical method of Ward and non- hierarchical method of k-means. The character fruit shape was removed from multivariate analysis for being qualitative. In PCA, the 4 PCs explained 71.62% of the total variance. The greatest contribution of the characters to discriminate the genotypes in PC1 were seed weight, fruit width, fruit length and fruit weight. They highlighted 22 promising genotypes with potential to be exploited in breeding programs. The dendrogram obtained by Ward cluster analysis and the k-means analysis generated nine groups, 5 of which grouped genotypes with advantageous features. Multivariate analyzes allowed the characterization of the genotypes, allowing the selection for many traits and indicating gains strategies with selection for genetic improvement programs. For the construction of the calibration and validation curve for oil content of seeds were used 174 plants that had oil extracted by the method "Soxhlet" to obtain reference values which were between 50.27 to 63% 21% (m/m) of oil. The spectra were collected from intact seeds without husk by attachment rotation through near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) in Tango machine model, Bruker. Each spectrum was taken with an average of 64 scans with a resolution of 16 cm-1. The spectral regions chosen for the calibration curve were 8992-7424 cm-1 and 5336-4928 cm-1. The correlation coefficients (R2) of the curve constructed were 73,23% for calibration and 70,79% for validation, the calibration mean square error (RMSEC) was 1,35 and cross validation mean square error (RMSECV) was 1,40 between the data obtained by the reference method and the NIR. The results indicated that the oil content of Jatropha curcas L. can be estimated by NIR, and the reference method was satisfactory, with good correlation with the spectral information, making the built curve reliable. However, future addition of new value to improve their robustness and amplitude is required.
Coleman, Jill Susan Multon. "Atmospheric circulation types associated with cause-specific daily mortality in the central United States". Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1123181126.
Pełny tekst źródłaTitle from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 264 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 257-264). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
Rao, Naresh Krishna. "Scheduling optimal maintenance times for a system based on component reliabilities". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05042006-164506/.
Pełny tekst źródłaValle-Cervantes, Sergio. "Plant-wide monitoring of processes under closed-loop control". Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3035991.
Pełny tekst źródła鄭子山 i Tze-shan Cheng. "Trend forecasting of tropical cyclone behaviour using Eigenvector analysis of the relationship with 500 hPa pattern". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31208125.
Pełny tekst źródłaLee, Sukhoon. "Inference for a bivariate survival function induced through the environment /". The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487267024997374.
Pełny tekst źródłaKondamadugula, Ugandhar Reddy. "Hybrid approach for site selection using impact assessment and principal component analysis". To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
Pełny tekst źródłaMotyka, Matt. "Risk measurement of mortgage-backed security portfolios via principal components and regression analyses". Link to electronic thesis, 2003. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0429103-231210.
Pełny tekst źródłaKeywords: portfolio risk decomposition; principal components regression; principal components analysis; mortgage-backed securities. Includes bibliographical references (p. 88-89).
Geroukis, Asterios, i Erik Brorson. "Predicting Insolvency : A comparison between discriminant analysis and logistic regression using principal components". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-243289.
Pełny tekst źródłaBeaghen, Michael Jr. "Canonical Variate Analysis and Related Methods with Longitudinal Data". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29840.
Pełny tekst źródłaPh. D.
Martins, Fredgardson Costa [UNESP]. "Relação solo-vegetação em área de cerrado no nordeste do Maranhão, Brasil". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/121985.
Pełny tekst źródłaA vegetação do bioma Cerrado é predominantemente constituída por fisionomias savânicas (cerrado lato sensu). Os fatores que determinam a distribuição das diferentes fisionomias estão em constante debate, e têm sido relacionados principalmente a gradientes de fertilidade, profundidade do solo, disponibilidade hídrica, ocorrência de fogo, pressão antrópica e topografia. Entretanto, não são raros os estudos que têm encontrado resultados antagônicos ou não alinhados a esses. Neste sentido, com este estudo, pretendeu-se contribuir para o entendimento dessas questões, buscando responder às seguintes perguntas: existem diferenças florísticas e estruturais na vegetação e nos atributos do solo entre fisionomias previamente classificadas como cerradão e cerrado ralo? O cerradão ocorre em solos mais férteis e/ou com condições físicas menos restritivas que aquelas onde ocorre o cerrado ralo? Para isso, relacionamos atributos físicos e químicos do solo, assim como os padrões florísticos (riqueza e composição de espécies) e estruturais (densidade, área basal, etc.) da comunidade vegetal de três fragmentos de cerrado (cerradão, cerradão “degradado” e cerrado ralo) do nordeste do Maranhão, localizados muito próximos um do outro, em solos taxonomicamente iguais e, portanto, sujeitos a semelhantes influências ambientais e fatores pedogenéticos. Os fragmentos estudados estão inseridos num mosaico de paisagem constituído por remanescentes de áreas de cerrados em níveis diferenciados de degradação. Para as análises do solo, em cada fragmento de cerrado, foram retiradas 49 amostras do solo na camada de 0-0,10 m de profundidade, distribuídas em uma malha amostral quadrada com espaçamento regular de 15 m. As amostras foram coletadas no ponto de cruzamento entre as linhas da malha amostral. As coletas foram realizadas entre os meses de abril e maio de 2013. O levantamento fitossociológico foi realizado ...
The vegetation of the Cerrado biome (Brazilian savanna) is predominantly composed of cerrado physiognomies (cerrado lato sensu). The determining factors on the cerrado physiognomies distribution have been continuously in question, and have been primarily related to gradients of fertility, soil depth, water availability, occurrence of fire, human disturbance and topography. However, there are few studies that have found opposing results or not aligned to these. In this sense, this study was intended to contribute to understanding of these issues, seeking to answer the following questions: Are there floristic and structural differences in vegetation and soil properties faces previously classified as cerradão and cerrado-ralo? Does cerradão occur on soils that are more fertile and/or in mild physical conditions than the cerrado-ralo? For this, we compared physical and chemical soil attributes, as well as floristic patterns (richness and species composition) and structural (density, basal area) of the plant community of three fragments of savanna (cerrado, cerrado degradado and cerrado-ralo) of Northeastern state of Maranhão, located very close to each other in taxonomically identical soils, and therefore subject to similar environmental influences and pedogenic factors. The studied fragments are embedded in a landscape mosaic consisting of remaining areas of cerrado in different levels of degradation. For soil analysis, 49 samples were taken in each fragment in the 0-0.10m soil profile, distributed in a square sampling grid with regular spacing of 15 m. Samples were collected at the point of intersection between the lines of the sampling grid. Sampling was carried out between the months of April and May 2013. Phytosociological survey was carried out in 49 circular plots, in which center the soil sample points were located. A sample of plant material was carried out between the months of January 2012 and May 2013. The ...
Sousa, Camila Campêlo de. "Mapeamento associativo para tolerância a altas temperaturas em germoplasma exótico de soja (Glycine max)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-08012016-092538/.
Pełny tekst źródłaSoybean (Glycine max) is one of most important crops in the world. This crop is an source of protein and oil. Beyond that, the species is also utilized for the biofuels industry. The recent climate changes are important on agribusiness, the ones on soybean crop are worse than on other crops because of the conditions of temperature and latitude recommended for planting. Thus, to increase the productivity of the crop even in face of global warming, it is essential that soybean breeding programs promote the development of cultivars highly productive and tolerant to high temperatures. In this context, the aim of this study was to select genotypes for heat tolerance. A population composed of 80 soybean PI\'s and 15 experimental checks was evaluated under high temperature conditions. The experiments were conducted in the cities of Teresina-PI, Piracicaba-SP and Jaboticabal-SP, in the 2013/2014 season. For the evaluation of the genotypes, univariate and multivariate analysis were performed, and the selection of the most genotypes for heat tolerance was performed by principal component analysis (PCA). In the univariate analyzes of variance, all characters showed significant effects of treatments by test F. In the PCA in the experiment conducted in Teresina-PI, the variables that most contributed to the variability of genotypes were: date in which half of the parcel reached R5 stage, height of the plant at maturity, grain filling period and agronomic value. In Piracicaba-SP PCA, the variables that most contributed to the variability were: grain filling period, 100-grain weight and the number of days to maturity. For the selection of the most heat-tolerant genotypes in Jaboticabal-SP, the height and the yield were the variables that most contributed to the variability. In the the association mapping analysis, the genotypes were evaluated under conditions of high temperatures in Teresina-PI and evaluated for four traits: height of the plant at maturity, agronomic value, 100 grain weight and yield. The genotyping was carried out using the Affymetrix chip. The linkage disequilibrium between pairs of markers was calculated by the determination coefficient r2 and the association analysis between markers and the phenotype of interest was performed using the generalized linear model approach. A total of 16 significant marker-trait associations were detected for the four traits.
Martins, Fredgardson Costa. "Relação solo-vegetação em área de cerrado no nordeste do Maranhão, Brasil /". Jaboticabal, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/121985.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoorientador: Nivaldo de Figueiredo
Banca: Gener Tadeu Pereira
Banca: Maria Esmeralda Soares Payão Demattê
Banca: Mara de Andrade Marinho
Banca: André Luiz Gomes da Silva
Resumo: A vegetação do bioma Cerrado é predominantemente constituída por fisionomias savânicas (cerrado lato sensu). Os fatores que determinam a distribuição das diferentes fisionomias estão em constante debate, e têm sido relacionados principalmente a gradientes de fertilidade, profundidade do solo, disponibilidade hídrica, ocorrência de fogo, pressão antrópica e topografia. Entretanto, não são raros os estudos que têm encontrado resultados antagônicos ou não alinhados a esses. Neste sentido, com este estudo, pretendeu-se contribuir para o entendimento dessas questões, buscando responder às seguintes perguntas: existem diferenças florísticas e estruturais na vegetação e nos atributos do solo entre fisionomias previamente classificadas como cerradão e cerrado ralo? O cerradão ocorre em solos mais férteis e/ou com condições físicas menos restritivas que aquelas onde ocorre o cerrado ralo? Para isso, relacionamos atributos físicos e químicos do solo, assim como os padrões florísticos (riqueza e composição de espécies) e estruturais (densidade, área basal, etc.) da comunidade vegetal de três fragmentos de cerrado (cerradão, cerradão "degradado" e cerrado ralo) do nordeste do Maranhão, localizados muito próximos um do outro, em solos taxonomicamente iguais e, portanto, sujeitos a semelhantes influências ambientais e fatores pedogenéticos. Os fragmentos estudados estão inseridos num mosaico de paisagem constituído por remanescentes de áreas de cerrados em níveis diferenciados de degradação. Para as análises do solo, em cada fragmento de cerrado, foram retiradas 49 amostras do solo na camada de 0-0,10 m de profundidade, distribuídas em uma malha amostral quadrada com espaçamento regular de 15 m. As amostras foram coletadas no ponto de cruzamento entre as linhas da malha amostral. As coletas foram realizadas entre os meses de abril e maio de 2013. O levantamento fitossociológico foi realizado ...
Abstract: The vegetation of the Cerrado biome (Brazilian savanna) is predominantly composed of cerrado physiognomies (cerrado lato sensu). The determining factors on the cerrado physiognomies distribution have been continuously in question, and have been primarily related to gradients of fertility, soil depth, water availability, occurrence of fire, human disturbance and topography. However, there are few studies that have found opposing results or not aligned to these. In this sense, this study was intended to contribute to understanding of these issues, seeking to answer the following questions: Are there floristic and structural differences in vegetation and soil properties faces previously classified as cerradão and cerrado-ralo? Does cerradão occur on soils that are more fertile and/or in mild physical conditions than the cerrado-ralo? For this, we compared physical and chemical soil attributes, as well as floristic patterns (richness and species composition) and structural (density, basal area) of the plant community of three fragments of savanna (cerrado, cerrado "degradado" and cerrado-ralo) of Northeastern state of Maranhão, located very close to each other in taxonomically identical soils, and therefore subject to similar environmental influences and pedogenic factors. The studied fragments are embedded in a landscape mosaic consisting of remaining areas of cerrado in different levels of degradation. For soil analysis, 49 samples were taken in each fragment in the 0-0.10m soil profile, distributed in a square sampling grid with regular spacing of 15 m. Samples were collected at the point of intersection between the lines of the sampling grid. Sampling was carried out between the months of April and May 2013. Phytosociological survey was carried out in 49 circular plots, in which center the soil sample points were located. A sample of plant material was carried out between the months of January 2012 and May 2013. The ...
Doutor
Brown, Christopher Yeates. "Inter-finger coordination in robot hands via mechanical implementation of principal components analysis". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39873.
Pełny tekst źródłaIncludes bibliographical references.
Postural synergies describe characteristic patterns of actuation in human hands arising from biomechanical constraints, physical tendon coupling, and neurological control schemes. Often, a small number of synergies contain much of the information required to describe an entire human hand posture, with 80% or more of the total information encoded in only two component values. Synergies have commonly been used to identify hand shapes with minimal processing power. However, they can also be used to recreate postures in robot hands, by allowing a mechanical implementation of inter-finger coordination. This can provide benefits of reduced cost, compact size, and decreased actuator count. In this paper, a novel mechanism is proposed to drive a dexterous, versatile, 17 degree-of-freedom robot hand using only two DC motors. Posture data was collected with a dataglove, and analyzed using principal components analysis to determine the postural synergies. The synergies are then mechanically hardwired into the driving mechanism, resulting in a concept dubbed eigenpostures.
(cont.) Two eigenpostures effectively recreate the entire posture set. Several observations and suggestions are presented on tendon-drive robotic hand design in general, and also specifically targeted towards synergy- or eigenposture-based design. Avenues for further research into synergy mechanism design are proposed, including a powerful concept incorporating k-means clustering with principal components analysis to distinguish between high-precision and low-precision tasks, and greatly reduce overall error.
by Christopher Yeates Brown.
S.M.
Little, David A. "Geochemical Comparison of Ancient and Modern Eolian Dune Foresets Using Principal Components Analysis". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6187.
Pełny tekst źródłaDavenport, Timothy M. "Early Forest Fire Detection using Texture Analysis of Principal Components from Multispectral Video". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/795.
Pełny tekst źródłaCheriyadat, Anil Meerasa. "Limitations of principal component analysis for dimensionality-reduction for classification of hyperspectral data". Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2003. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-11072003-133109.
Pełny tekst źródłaGardner, Sugnet. "Extensions of biplot methodology to discriminant analysis with applications of non-parametric principal components". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52264.
Pełny tekst źródłaENGLISH ABSTRACT: Gower and Hand offer a new perspective on the traditional biplot. This perspective provides a unified approach to principal component analysis (PCA) biplots based on Pythagorean distance; canonical variate analysis (CVA) biplots based on Mahalanobis distance; non-linear biplots based on Euclidean embeddable distances as well as generalised biplots for use with both continuous and categorical variables. The biplot methodology of Gower and Hand is extended and applied in statistical discrimination and classification. This leads to discriminant analysis by means of PCA biplots, CVA biplots, non-linear biplots as well as generalised biplots. Properties of these techniques are derived in detail. Classification regions defined for linear discriminant analysis (LDA) are applied in the CVA biplot leading to discriminant analysis using biplot methodology. Situations where the assumptions of LDA are not met are considered and various existing alternative discriminant analysis procedures are formulated in terms of biplots and apart from PCA biplots, QDA, FDA and DSM biplots are defined, constructed and their usage illustrated. It is demonstrated that biplot methodology naturally provides for managing categorical and continuous variables simultaneously. It is shown through a simulation study that the techniques based on biplot methodology can be applied successfully to the reversal problem with categorical variables in discriminant analysis. Situations occurring in practice where existing discriminant analysis procedures based on distances from means fail are considered. After discussing self-consistency and principal curves (a form of non-parametric principal components), discriminant analysis based on distances from principal curves (a form of a conditional mean) are proposed. This biplot classification procedure based upon principal curves, yields much better results. Bootstrapping is considered as a means of describing variability in biplots. Variability in samples as well as of axes in biplot displays receives attention. Bootstrap a-regions are defined and the ability of these regions to describe biplot variability and to detect outliers is demonstrated. Robust PCA and CVA biplots restricting the role of influential observations on biplot displays are also considered. An extensive library of S-PLUS computer programmes is provided for implementing the various discriminant analysis techniques that were developed using biplot methodology. The application of the above theoretical developments and computer software is illustrated by analysing real-life data sets. Biplots are used to investigate the degree of capital intensity of companies and to serve as an aid in risk management of a financial institution. A particular application of the PCA biplot is the TQI biplot used in industry to determine the degree to which manufactured items comply with multidimensional specifications. A further interesting application is to determine whether an Old-Cape furniture item is manufactured of stinkwood or embuia. A data set provided by the Western Cape Nature Conservation Board consisting of measurements of tortoises from the species Homopus areolatus is analysed by means of biplot methodology to determine if morphological differences exist among tortoises from different geographical regions. Allometric considerations need to be taken into account and the resulting small sample sizes in some subgroups severely limit the use of conventional statistical procedures. Biplot methodology is also applied to classification in a diabetes data set illustrating the combined advantage of using classification with principal curves in a robust biplot or biplot classification where covariance matrices are unequal. A discriminant analysis problem where foraging behaviour of deer might eventually result in a change in the dominant plant species is used to illustrate biplot classification of data sets containing both continuous and categorical variables. As an example of the use of biplots with large data sets a data set consisting of 16828 lemons is analysed using biplot methodology to investigate differences in fruit from various areas of production, cultivars and rootstocks. The proposed a-bags also provide a measure of quantifying the graphical overlap among classes. This method is successfully applied in a multidimensional socio-economical data set to quantify the degree of overlap among different race groups. The application of the proposed biplot methodology in practice has an important byproduct: It provides the impetus for many a new idea, e.g. applying a peA biplot in industry led to the development of quality regions; a-bags were constructed to represent thousands of observations in the lemons data set, in tum leading to means for quantifying the degree of overlap. This illustrates the enormous flexibility of biplots - biplot methodology provides an infrastructure for many novelties when applied in practice.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gower en Hand bied 'n nuwe perspektief op die tradisionele bistipping. Hierdie perspektief verskaf 'n uniforme benadering tot hoofkomponent analise (HKA) bistippings gebaseer op Pythagoras-afstand; kanoniese veranderlike analise (KVA) bistippings gebaseer op Mahalanobis-afstand; nie-lineere bistippings gebaseer op Euclidies inbedbare afstande sowel as veralgemeende bistippings vir gebruik wanneer beide kontinue en kategoriese veranderlikes voorkom. Die bistippingsmetodologie van Gower en Hand word uitgebrei en toegepas in statistiese diskriminasie en klassifikasie. Dit lei tot diskriminantanalise met behulp van HKA bistippings, KVA bistippings, nie-lineere bistippings sowel as veralgemeende bistippings. Die eienskappe van hierdie tegnieke word in besonderhede afgelei. Die toepassing van die konsep van 'n klassifikasiegebied in die KVA bistipping baan die weg vir lineere diskriminantanalise (LDA) met behulp van bistippingsmetodologie. Situasies waar daar nie aan die aannames van LDA voldoen word nie kry aandag en verskeie bestaande altematiewe diskriminantanalise prosedures word in terme van bistippings geformuleer en naas HKA bistippings, word QDA, FDA en DSM bistippings gedefinieer, gekonstrueer en hul gebruike gedemonstreer. Dit word aangetoon dat bistippingsmetodologie op 'n natuurlik wyse voorsiening maak om kategoriese veranderlikes en kontinue veranderlikes gelyktydig te hanteer. Daar word met behulp van 'n simulasie-studie aangetoon dat tegnieke gebaseer op die bistippingsmetodologie wat ontwikkel IS, suksesvol by die sogenaamde ornkeringsprobleem by diskriminantanalise met kategoriese veranderlikes gebruik kan word. Verder word aangevoer dat daar baie praktiese situasies voorkom waar bestaande prosedures van diskriminantanalise faal omdat dit op afstande vanaf gemiddeldes gebaseer IS. Na 'n bespreking van self-konsekwentheid en hoofkrommes ('n vorm van nieparametriese hoofkomponente) word voorgestel om diskriminantanalise op afstand vanaf hoofkrommes ('n vonn van 'n voorwaardelike gemiddelde) te baseer. Sodoende is 'n bistippingklassifikasie prosedure wat op afstand vanaf hoofkrommes gebaseer is en wat baie beter resultate lewer, ontwikkel. Die variasie in die posisies van datapunte in die bistipping sowel as van die bistippingsasse word bestudeer met behulp van skoenlusmetodes. 'n Skoenlus a-gebied word gedefinieer en dit word gedemonstreer hoe so 'n a-gebied aangewend kan word om variasie in bistippings te beskryf en wegleers te identifiseer. Robuuste HKA en KV A bistippings wat die rol van invloedryke waamemings op die bistipping beperk, word bespreek. 'n Omvangryke biblioteek van S-PLUS rekenaarprogramme is geskryf VIr die implementering van die verskillende diskriminantanalise tegnieke wat met behulp van bistippingsmetodologie ontwikkel is. Die toepassing van die voorafgaande teoretiese ontwikkelinge en rekenaarprogramme word geillustreer aan die hand van werklike datastelle vanuit die praktyk. So word bistippings gebruik om die mate van kapitaalintensiteit van ondememings te ondersoek en om as hulpmiddel by risikobestuur van 'n finansiele instelling te dien. 'n Besondere toepassing van die HKA bistipping is die TQI bistipping wat in die industriele omgewing gebruik word ten einde te bepaal tot watter mate vervaardigde artikels aan neergelegde meerdimensionele spesifikasies voldoen. 'n Verdere interessante toepassing is om te bepaal of 'n Ou-Kaapse meubelstuk van stinkhout of embuia gemaak is. 'n Datastel verskaf deur Wes-Kaap Natuurbewaring in verband met die bekende padloper skilpad, Homopus areolatus, is met behulp van bistippings geanaliseer om te bepaal of daar morfometriese verskille tussen die padlopers afkomstig van bepaalde geografiese gebiede is. Allometriese beginsels moes ook in ag gene em word en die min waamemings in sommige van die subgroepe het tot gevolg dat konvensionele statistiese tegnieke nie sonder meer gebruik kan word nie. Die bistippingsmetodologie is ook toegepas op klassifikasie by 'n diabetes datastel om die gekombineerde gebruik van. hoofkrommes in 'n robuuste bistipping te illustreer en bistippingklassifikasie waar daar sprake van ongelyke kovariansiematrikse is. 'n Diskriminantanalise probleem waar die weidingsvoorkeure van wildsbokke 'n verandering in die dominante plantegroei tot gevolg kan he, word gebruik om bistippingklassifikasie met data waar kontinue sowel as kategoriese veranderlikes verskaf word, te illustreer. As voorbeeld van die gebruik van bistippings by 'n groot datastel is 'n datastel bestaande uit waamemings van 16828 suurlemoene met behulp van bistippingsmetodologie geanaliseer ten einde verskille in vrugte afkomstig van verskillende produsente-streke, kultivars en onderstamme te ondersoek. Die a-sakkies wat hier ontwikkel is, lei tot kwantifisering van die grafiese oorvleueling van groepe. Hierdie beginsel word suksesvol toegepas in 'n meerdimensionele sosio-ekonomiese datastel om die mate van oorvleueling van verskillende bevolkingsgroepe te kwantifiseer. Die toepassing van die voorgestelde bistippingsmetodologie in die praktyk lei tot 'n belangrike newe-produk: Dit verskaf die stimulus tot die ontstaan van nuwe idees, byvoorbeeld, die toepassing van 'n HKA bistipping in 'n industriele omgewing het tot die ontwikkeling van die konsep van 'n kwaliteitsgebied aanleiding gegee; a-sakkies is gekonstrueer om duisende waamemings in die suurlemoendatastel te verteenwoordig wat weer gelei het tot 'n metode om die graad van oorvleueling te kwantifiseer. Hierdeur is die geweldige veelsydigheid van bistippings geillustreer - bistippingsmetodologie verskaf die infrastruktuur vir baie vindingryke toepassings in die praktyk.
Chitekedza, Ignatious. "Efficiency evaluation of South Africa tertiary education institutions using data envelopment analysis". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4764.
Pełny tekst źródła