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1
Budzyńska, Anna, i Mirosław Piotr Urbanek. "Prediction of global sugar prices after abolition of EU sugar quotas". Przegląd Prawno-Ekonomiczny, nr 2 (17.06.2021): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/ppe.12450.
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In the article two main goals were indicated. The first is to verify the hypothesis that there is not a relevant relationship between limiting the impact of state intervention mechanisms and sugar prices on world exchanges. The second goal is to choose the best model for forecasting sugar prices after the abolition of the sugar quotas on domestic markets of sugar producers. The starting point for building the model was the time series of sugar prices on a monthly basis on world stock exchanges – London and New York in 1990–2020. One of the three models was used for forecasting. Sugar prices on world stock exchanges showed large fluctuations amounting to USD cents 28 per pound of sugar for white sugar, while for raw sugar the figure was slightly lower and reached USD cents 26 per pound. On average, in 1990–2020, the nominal price for white sugar was 16 cents per pound, and for raw sugar -12 cents per pounds. However, the level of sugar prices in the world is determined primarily by market factors, rather than administrative constraints.
2
Fajrin, Ainunnisa El, Slamet Hartono i Lestari Rahayu Waluyati. "PERMINTAAN GULA RAFINASI PADA INDUSTRI MAKANAN MINUMAN DAN FARMASI DI INDONESIA". Agro Ekonomi 26, nr 2 (21.12.2016): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agroekonomi.17267.
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The demand of food, beverage and pharmacuetical industries’ products directly affected the demand of refined sugar. In Indonesia, refined sugar are fullfilled by local products from 11 refined sugar mills and imported products. The volume of imported refined sugar are suspected over capacity, so that there is a excess supply of refined sugar that leak into plantation white sugar market. It caused an unstable condition for plantation white sugar price. This research aims to determine the demand of refined sugar for food, beverage and pharmaceutical industries, then to forecast the demand for the next 10 years and also to determine the correlation between the volume of imported refined sugar and the white plantation sugar price. The method used is a multiple linear regression analysis, simple linear corellation analysis and trend analysis. This research used national data of large and medium industries from 1991 to 2012. The result shows that the factors affected refined sugar demand for food and pharmaceutical industries are world refined sugar prices, exchange rate, sugar beet prices and tariff. The factors affected refined sugar demand for beverage industries are sugar beet prices and tariff. The tendency of refined sugar demand in food, beverage and pharmaceutical industries for the next 10 years is increasing. There is also a positive correlation between volume of imported refined sugar and plantation white sugar prices for consumer.
3
Rachmadhan, Aditya Arief, Nunung Kusnadi i Andriyono Kilat Adhi. "ANALISIS HARGA ECERAN GULA KRISTAL PUTIH INDONESIA". Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan 14, nr 1 (15.07.2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v14i1.433.
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Abstrak
Salah satu upaya pemerintah untuk menyediakan gula kristal putih dengan harga terjangkau di tingkat konsumen adalah dengan menetapkan harga acuan penjualan (HAP). Meskipun demikian, harga gula kristal putih di tingkat konsumen terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor yang memengaruhi pembentukan harga eceran gula kristal putih secara komprehensif. Penelitian ini menggunakan model ekonometrika (dibangun berdasarkan data time series bulanan dari tahun 2012 hingga tahun 2017, terdiri dari 13 persamaan dan diestimasi menggunakan metode 2 SLS) dan simulasi kebijakan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang berpengaruh secara signifikan pada harga eceran gula kristal putih adalah konsumsi gula kristal putih, impor gula kebutuhan industri, harga gula dunia, harga beras di tingkat konsumen dan harga eceran gula kristal putih periode sebelumnya. Harga beras di tingkat konsumen merupakan variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap pembentukan harga gula kristal putih. Skenario kebijakan yang dapat menurunkan harga eceran gula kristal putih adalah penerapan HAP gula kristal putih yang terintegrasi dengan kenaikan impor gula kristal putih.
Abstract
One of the government's efforts to provide plantation white sugar at low prices at the consumer level is to set a reference sales price (HAP). Nevertheless, plantation white sugar consumer prices continue to increase. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence plantation white sugar consumer prices. This study uses an econometrics model (build from monthly time series data from 2012 until 2017, consist of 13 equations and estimated using the 2SLS method) and policy simulation. The results, an decrease in HAP, has no impact on plantation white sugar consumer prices. An increase in plantation white sugar imports can reduce the plantation white sugar consumer prices. The results show that the factors that significantly influence the retail price of plantation white sugar are consumption of plantation white sugar, import of industrial sugar, world sugar prices, rice prices at the consumer level, and retail prices of plantation white sugar in the previous periods. The price of rice at the consumer level is the most influential variable. The policy scenario that can reduce the retail price of white crystal sugar is the application of white crystal sugar HAP that is integrated with the increase in white crystal sugar imports.
JEL Classification: Q02, Q11, Q18
4
Mardoni, Ziecky. "Analysis of Factors Affecting the Import and Consumption of Sugar Cane in Indonesia". International Conference On Research And Development (ICORAD) 1, nr 2 (19.12.2022): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47841/icorad.v1i2.63.
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This study aims to analyze and determine the effect of (1) production, consumption, price and exchange rate on sugar imports in Indonesia (2) import, production and price of sugar on sugar consumption in Indonesia. This type of research is descriptive and associative. While the type of data is documentary data, the data source is secondary data and time series data from 2000 – 2021. The analysis tool is a simultaneous equation model using the Two Stages Least Squared (TSLS) method. The results of the study concluded that (1) sugar production and exchange rate had no significant effect on sugar imports in Indonesia. While sugar consumption and sugar prices have a significant effect on sugar imports in Indonesia (2) sugar imports have a significant effect on sugar consumption in Indonesia. Meanwhile, production and prices have no significant effect on sugar consumption in Indonesia. From the results of the cointegration test using the Unrestricted Cointegration Rank Test (Trace) approach, it was found that there was a long-term relationship or balance between the variables of sugar production, sugar consumption, sugar imports, sugar prices and the exchange rate. Based on these results, the policy that can be suggested is that the Government through the Ministry of Agriculture should issue policies to encourage the expansion of domestic production scale and improve the quality of sugar in order to suppress imports and at the same time control prices, because large imports will harm sugar farmers and also drain foreign exchange reserves.
5
Lemos, Jose de Jesus Sousa, Marcos Paulo Mesquta da Cruz, Joao da Costa Filho, Elizama Cavalcante de Paiva, Erika Costa Sousa i Alexandra Pedrosa Monteiro. "Evolution of sugar exports in two centuries". International Journal of Business, Economics and Management 10, nr 2 (1.09.2023): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/62.v10i2.3461.
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The research showed the trajectory of Brazilian exports and sugar prices between 1821 and 2020 (two centuries). The hypothesis of the research was that exporters' price forecasting errors affected their export forecasting errors in the period evaluated. The data were obtained from the Ministry of Development, Industry and Trade (MIDIC). Sugar prices were translated to 2020 Brazilian currency values (R$) and then to US dollars using the 2020 (R$/USD) average conversion rate. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models were used to forecast sugar exports and prices over the entire period. Geometric growth rates of exports and prices were estimated for each quartile using trend evaluation models. Dummy variables were used to test whether there were differences between the elasticities measuring the forecast errors of exports as a function of the forecast errors of sugar prices in each quartile. The estimated models proved to be parsimonious and robust from a statistical point of view. The hypotheses that prices and export quantities expanded at different rates in the four quartiles were confirmed and the estimated elasticities were shown to be statistically different suggesting that export forecasting errors are likely to be related to sugar price forecasts.
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Karashсhuk, Oksana S., i Aleksey I. Boldyasov. "SUGAR EXCHANGE TRADING IN RUSSIA: CURRENT STATE AND POSSIBILITIES FOR MONITORING DOMESTIC PRICES". EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 2/2, nr 143 (2024): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2024.02.02.001.
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In modern Russia, the role of organized trading, which includes exchange trading, is gradually increasing. As our research has shown, exchange trading in sugar in Russia is developing, as evidenced by the increase in exchange turnover of sales of this product and the expansion of exchange instruments used for trading. In addition, exchange trading can provide up-to-date information on domestic average market prices for commodities. A strong connection was established between average domestic Russian prices for sugar and price quotations for this product on the world’s largest commodity exchanges and on commodity exchanges within Russia. In the course of studying the cause-and-effect relationship between average domestic and average exchange prices for sugar in Russia, it was found that domestic prices are the reason for the establishment of certain exchange prices for sugar and the domestic and exchange Russian prices are very close in size. This allowed us to conclude that it is possible to use exchange trade prices for sugar as an operational information source on the size of domestic prices, which can be used for state regulation of the market and for making business decisions directly by business entities.
7
Agustin, Sakila Eta, Sugiyanta Sugiyanta i Rusmini Rusmini. "The Influence of Sugar Consumption and International Sugar Prices toward the Volume of Sugar Import in Indonesia". JOBS (Jurnal Of Business Studies) 7, nr 1 (2.06.2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32497/jobs.v7i1.3632.
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<em><span lang="IN">This study examines the effect of Sugar Consumption and International Sugar Prices on the volume of Sugar Imports in Indonesia. This study uses secondary data from 2010 to 2019 obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics, the Ministry of Agriculture, and the World Bank. To be able to solve the problem using multiple linear regression analysis techniques, F test for simultaneous influence and t-test for partial effect. The t-test result shows that the sugar consumption partially has no significant effect, while the international sugar price partially has a significant effect on the volume of Indonesia’s sugar import. Simultaneously sugar consumption and international sugar prices have a significant effect of 52,6% toward the volume of Indonesia’s sugar import and the rest of 47,4% are from other variables.</span></em>
8
Nugraheni, M.Sc., Reninta Dewi, i Ika Inayah. "Dampak pandemi COVID-19 terhadap harga minyak dan pangan dunia: Analisis VECM". Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 30, nr 1 (31.12.2022): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jep.30.1.2022.15-29.
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The study investigates the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on global oil price, global food price index, meat, and sugar commodity price index using vector error correction (VECM) model covering the sample period of 1st April 2020 to 31st August 2021. Data were collected mainly from WHO, FAO, and Macro Trend Websites. The result from VECM model indicates a strong cointegration relationship among the variables. In the short run, global oil price, meat price index, and sugar price index are negatively and significantly related to the COVID-19 pandemic. In the long run, the prices of these variables do not follow to the others, but there is negative reaction of global oil prices to meat and sugar price index. The COVID-19 pandemic increased the meat and sugar price index, but not significantly at the 5% level.
9
Sami, Janesh. "Exchange rate policy, structural breaks, and predictability of sugarcane prices". Journal of Prediction Markets 16, nr 2 (4.11.2022): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jpm.v16i2.1886.
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Sugarcane price uncertainty has been a contentious issue in Fiji’s sugar industry for the past few decades. We study the predictability of sugarcane prices by examining time-series properties of the historical prices data over the sample period 1975 to 2019 allowing for structural breaks. We employ the unit root test of Zivot-Andrews (1992) and the structural break test of Bai and Perron (1998) and find robust evidence that sugarcane prices are characterized as stationary (mean-reverting) processes with structural breaks occurring in 1986 and 2011. The estimated break dates coincide with exchange rate policy decisions such as the devaluation of the Fijian dollar by the Reserve Bank of Fiji. Our findings provide new insights that given concerns of price uncertainty in Fiji's sugar industry, historical data is useful for forecasting sugarcane prices, implying that sugarcane prices, in fact, are predictable. The results also reveal that shocks only have transitory effects on sugarcane prices, and devaluation is an important source of shock to sugarcane prices.
10
Mahruf, Mahruf. "Penerapan Kebijakan Pemerintah Dalam Penentuan Harga Jual Gula Kristal Putih Melalui Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 Tahun 2020". Populis : Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora 7, nr 2 (16.11.2022): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.47313/pjsh.v7i2.1855.
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<p><em>The Regulation of the Minister of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia Number 7 of 2020 concerning Reference Purchase Prices at the Farmer Level and Reference Sales Prices at the Consumer Level is the legal basis for government policies in regulating the reference purchase price at the farmer level and the reference selling price at the consumer level. In its application, not as a reference price but as a maximum limit or the highest retail price, especially the price of white crystal sugar (GKP), thus making sugarcane farmers and business actors not have legal certainty. The reference price for sugar commodities is always seen from the global sugar price where the price has actually been distorted so that it cannot be used as a benchmark for Indonesian domestic prices where sugarcane plantations and the national sugar factory industry must compete freely without any government protection, so that unfair business competition will lead to unfair competition. kill sugarcane plantations and national sugar mills. This research is an empirical juridical research, which examines the applicable legal provisions and what happens in reality in society. Data collection techniques were obtained from interviews with questionnaires, library research and legislation. The results of this study indicate that the Regulation of the Minister of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia Number 7 of 2020 concerning Reference Purchase Prices at the Farmer Level and Reference Sales Prices at the Consumer Level only regulates the reference price for purchasing white crystal sugar at the farmer level and selling prices at the consumer level, not regarding retail prices. the highest price limit, and the determination of the maximum price for the purchase and sale of white crystal sugar is detrimental to sugar cane farmers and business actors of white crystal sugar.</em></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p>Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 Tahun 2020 tentang Harga Acuan Pembelian di Tingkat Petani dan Harga Acuan Penjualan di Tingkat Konsumen adalah landasan hukum kebijakan pemerintah dalam mengatur harga acuan pembelian di tingkat petani dan harga acuan penjualan di tingkat konsumen. Dalam penerapannya nyatanya bukan sebagai harga acuan namun sebagai batas maksimal atau harga eceran tertinggi terutama harga Gula Kristal Putih (GKP). Hal demikian membuat para petani tebu dan pelaku usaha tidak memiliki kepastian hukum. Harga acuan komoditas gula selalu dilihat dari harga gula global yang mana harga tersebut sebenarnya telah terdistorsi sehingga tidak dapat digunakan sebagai patokan harga dalam negeri Indonesia dimana perkebunan tebu dan industri pabrik gula nasional harus bersaing bebas tanpa ada perlindungan pemerintah, sehingga persaingan usaha yang tidak adil akan mematikan perkebunan tebu dan pabrik gula nasional. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis empiris, yaitu mengkaji ketentuan hukum yang berlaku serta apa yang terjadi dalam kenyataannya dalam masyarakat. Tehnik pengumpulan data diperoleh dari wawancara, penelitian kepustakaan dan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 Tahun 2020 tentang Harga Acuan Pembelian di Tingkat Petani dan Harga Acuan Penjualan di Tingkat Konsumen khususnya komoditas gula hanya mengatur harga acuan pembelian gula kristal putih di tingkat petani dan harga penjualan di tingkat konsumen, bukan tentang Harga Eceran Tertinggi, dan penentuan batas maksimal harga pembelian dan penjualan gula kristal putih merugikan petani tebu dan pelaku usaha gula kristal putih.</p><p> </p>
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Hossain, Kazi Abrar, Syed Abul Basher i A. K. Enamul Haque. "Quantifying the impact of Ramadan on global raw sugar prices". International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management 11, nr 4 (12.11.2018): 510–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imefm-05-2017-0132.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to quantify the impact of Ramadan on both the level and the growth of global raw sugar price. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a dummy and a fractional variable to capture Ramadan to overcome the asynchronicity of time between Ramadan fasting (which is based on the Islamic lunar calendar) and the movement in prices (which follows the Gregorian solar calendar). To capture the seasonality of sugar production, the data on sugar price span 34 years so that the Islamic calendar makes a complete cycle of the Gregorian calendar. The empirical model is estimated using both autoregressive integrated moving average model and unobserved components model. Findings The results show that monthly raw sugar prices in the global market increases by roughly 6.06 per cent (or $17.78 per metric ton) every year ahead of Ramadan. Practical implications The study illustrates the implications of the results for the consumption of imported sugar in Bangladesh. Originality/value The study uses a broader set of Ramadan indicators in its empirical models and checks the robustness of its baseline model using the unobserved components model. It also performs seasonal unit root tests on the global raw sugar prices.
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Prasada, I. made Yoga, Moh Wahyudi Priyanto i Yahya Shafiyuddin Hilmi. "KETAHANAN PANGAN PENDUDUK DI PULAU JAWA: PENDEKATAN VECTOR ERROR CORRECTION MODEL". Agrisocionomics: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian 4, nr 1 (27.05.2020): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/agrisocionomics.v4i1.5560.
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Food security over the past few decades has been a hot topic discussed in Indonesia. Food security can indirectly reflect the level of welfare of a household in a region. Various factors can influence the level of food security, both in the short term and in the long term. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim to find out the factors that influence the food security of the population in the short term and in the long term. The data used in this study are secondary data sourced from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) in 2008-2017, namely data on food and non-food expenditure, real per capita income, agricultural land area, real sugar prices, real beef prices, and real rice prices. The data were analyzed using the VECM (Vector Error Correction Model) model. The results showed that in the short-term the factors that influence food security are income per capita real lag 1, real sugar prices lag 1, and real beef prices lag 1, while the factors that influence food security in the long-term are per capita income 1, agricultural area lag 1, real sugar 1 lag price, real beef price lag 1, and real rice price lag 1.
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Mizik, Tamás, Lajos Nagy, Zoltán Gabnai i Attila Bai. "The Major Driving Forces of the EU and US Ethanol Markets with Special Attention Paid to the COVID-19 Pandemic". Energies 13, nr 21 (27.10.2020): 5614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215614.
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Ethanol is a widely produced fuel, as well as a fuel additive. Its price is closely related to the price of gasoline, its major substitute. This paper focuses on the impacts of the related variables on regional ethanol prices. Additionally, the length of the price dataset made it possible to isolate the impacts of COVID-19 on the ethanol prices. Using multiple regression and Confirmatory Factor Analyses, we found no significant correlation between the European and US ethanol prices because the major influencing factors were regionally different. In the case of the European ethanol markets, the positive factors were wheat, maize, and potassium chloride prices, while the European sugar and diammonium phosphate prices were negative. In the US markets, gasoline, sugar, and most of the artificial fertilizer prices were positive, while wheat prices were negative. Based on factor analysis, artificial fertilizers and maize factors proved to be important to the European markets, while US ethanol prices were driven by the crude oil-gasoline and raw materials factors. The COVID variable showed no significant connection with the EU prices, but negatively affected the US ethanol prices. This is explained by the different market characteristics, as the US is not only the major consumer, but also the major producer of the different oil products. Therefore, COVID-19 had a double effect on their oil and ethanol markets.
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El-Sayed, Osama M., i Lisa M. Powell. "The impact of the Oakland sugar-sweetened beverage tax on price promotions of sugar-sweetened and alternative beverages". PLOS ONE 18, nr 6 (9.06.2023): e0285956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285956.
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The goal of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes is to raise the prices of SSBs to decrease consumption. Price promotions play an important role in the sales of SSBs and could potentially be used by manufacturers to weaken the impact of such taxes. The purpose of this study is to determine how price promotions changed after the introduction of the 2017 Oakland SSB tax. A difference-in-differences study design was used to compare changes in prices and the prevalence and amount of price promotions for beverages in Oakland, California, relative to Sacramento, California, using two different datasets. Nielsen Retail Scanner data included price promotions for beverages sold and store audit data included price promotions offered by retailers. Changes were analyzed for SSBs, noncalorically sweetened beverages, and unsweetened beverages. After the implementation of the tax, the prevalence of price promotions for SSBs did not change significantly in Oakland relative to the comparison site of Sacramento. However, the depth of price promotions increased by an estimated 0.35 cents per ounce (P<0.001) based on the Nielsen retail scanner data and by 0.39 cents per ounce (P<0.001) based on the store audit data. This increase in the amount by which SSBs were price promoted following the introduction of the Oakland SSB tax may reflect a strategy by manufacturers to weaken the tax and/or retailers to bolster demand.
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Onour, Ibrahim. "Do Crude Oil Price Levels Or Its Volatility Matter In Global Food Commodity Price Change?" Management and Economics Research Journal 7, nr 3 (17.08.2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/merj.2021.9900042.
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This study investigates the effect of crude oil price fluctuations on wheat, sugar, corn, and fertilizers. Results of Markov switching dynamic regression support evidence of two states. State 1, pertains to the low volatility of crude oil prices, and state 2, refers to higher volatility of crude oil prices. At state 1 higher levels of oil prices lead to a decline in food commodity prices, whereas in state 2, higher oil prices cause an increase in food commodity prices. Results of Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) GARCH estimates indicate the coefficients of oil price levels are significant and positively associated with the conditional volatility of the four commodity prices, implying that fluctuations in global food commodity prices are not due to oil price volatility but due to the oil price levels attained at the extreme points.
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Anggraeni, Nimas Rizki Tri, Mubarokah Mubarokah i Sri Widayanti. "Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Impor Gula di Indonesia Tahun 1992-2022". Jurnal Ilmiah Respati 15, nr 1 (28.03.2024): 116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.52643/jir.v15i1.3714.
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This research aims to determine the development of sugar imports in Indonesia and to analyze the influence of sugar production, sugar consumption, domestic sugar prices, international sugar prices, and the rupiah exchange rate on sugar imports in Indonesia in 1992-2022. This research is quantitative research and uses time series data. The data sources used were obtained from the Central Statistics Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Trade and several related studies. The analysis model used is development trend analysis and ECM (Error Correction Model). The results of research (1) in trend analysis in 1992-2022 obtained the equation Y = 2,317,827.5 + 174,230x showing that the average development of the volume of sugar imports was 2,317,827.5 tons and each year there was an average increase in sugar imports amounting to 174,230 tons. (2) Results of Multiple Linear Regression analysis of the ECM Model in the long term and short term. The variables that show a significant positive effect on sugar imports are domestic sugar prices and international sugar prices, while other variables such as sugar production, sugar consumption and the rupiah exchange rate show a positive effect. insignificant to sugar imports in 1992-2022.
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Tatarintsev, Maxim, Sergey Korchagin, Petr Nikitin, Rimma Gorokhova, Irina Bystrenina i Denis Serdechnyy. "Analysis of the Forecast Price as a Factor of Sustainable Development of Agriculture". Agronomy 11, nr 6 (18.06.2021): 1235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061235.
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Analysis of the rise in prices for consumer goods is a state’s priority task. The state assumes the obligation to regulate pricing in all spheres of consumption. First of all, the prices for essential commodities to which agricultural products belong are analyzed. The article shows the changes in prices for consumer goods of agricultural products (sugar) during a pandemic. The analysis of forecasting prices for sugar and its impact on the development of its production is carried out. The construction of the forecast model was based on extrapolation. The structure of a forecast model for price changes was based on the analysis of the time series of the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) class. This model consists of an autoregressive model and a moving average model. A forecast of the volume of domestic sugar transportation by rail has been completed. The algorithms implemented this model for searching for initial approximations and optimal parameters for the predictive model. The Hirotsugu Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was used to select the best model. The algorithms were implemented in the Python programming language. The quality check of the description was performed with a predictive model of actual data. An economic interpretation of the rise in sugar prices and proof of the forecast’s truth obtained from a financial point of view were carried out.
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Sobolev, Oleg S. "Food consumer and production prices and indices in the 2nd quarter of 2023". Economy of agricultural and processing enterprises, nr 9 (2023): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31442/0235-2494-2023-0-9-81-86.
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The article provides a formula for calculating the food price index. The scheme of calculating the FAO food price index is considered. The prices on the grain, milk and meat markets in Russia, the EU and the USA are analyzed. There is a resumption of growth in sugar prices on the domestic and global markets in the 2nd quarter of 2023.
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Falbe, Jennifer, Matthew M. Lee, Scott Kaplan, Nadia A. Rojas, Alberto M. Ortega Hinojosa i Kristine A. Madsen. "Higher Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Retail Prices After Excise Taxes in Oakland and San Francisco". American Journal of Public Health 110, nr 7 (lipiec 2020): 1017–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305602.
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Objectives. To examine how much sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) excise taxes increased SSB retail prices in Oakland and San Francisco, California. Methods. We collected pretax (April–May 2017) and posttax (April–May 2018) retail prices of SSBs and non-SSBs from 155 stores in Oakland, San Francisco, and comparison cities. We analyzed data using difference-in-differences high-dimensional fixed-effects regressions, weighted by regional beverage sales. Results. Across all beverage sizes, the weighted average price of SSBs increased by 0.92 cents per ounce (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.28, 1.56) in Oakland and 1.00 cents per ounce (95% CI = 0.35, 1.65) in San Francisco, compared with prices in untaxed cities. The tax did not significantly alter prices of water, 100% juice, or milk of any size examined. Diet soda only, among non-SSBs, exhibited a higher price increase for some sizes in taxed cities. Conclusions. Within 4 to 10 months of implementation, Oakland’s and San Francisco’s SSB excise taxes significantly increased SSB retail prices by approximately the amount of the taxes, a key mechanism for reducing consumption.
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Dewanti, R. P., E. Paryanto, W. Rahayu i A. A. Rachmadhan. "The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on staple food prices in Semarang". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1364, nr 1 (1.06.2024): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1364/1/012044.
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Abstract Staple food must be available in sufficient quantities at affordable prices. However, the Covid-19 pandemic caused restrictions on community access and disrupted food distribution. As one of the most affected cities, Semarang is faced the threat of the rise of food prices due to the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to analyze the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on staple food prices in Semarang. The focus commodities of this research are: (1) rice, (2) white sugar, (3) palm oil, (4) chicken eggs, (5) chicken meat, (6) beef. This study uses weekly time series data which is divided into two periods; the period before the Covid-19 pandemic (2018-2019) and during the Covid-19 pandemic (2020-2021). Data analysis performed using the ANOVA method; where the price difference shows the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on food prices. Data analysis was performed using the ANOVA method; where the price difference shows the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on food prices. The results show that the Covid-19 pandemic has a significant impact on the changes of staple food prices in Semarang for commodities: (1) rice, (2) white sugar, (3) palm oil, (4) chicken meat, and (5) beef.
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Jati, Kumara. "Analysis of Sugar Prices Volatility Using ARMA and ARCH/GARCH". International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance 5, nr 2 (2014): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijtef.2014.v5.356.
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PUDJIASTUTI, Agnes Quartina, i Esther KEMBAUW. "Sugar Price Policy and Indonesia’s Trade Balance". Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 8, nr 8 (5.09.2018): 2540. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v8.8(30).26.
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Sugar price policy always directed at conditions in which supply is equal to demand. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of increase in sugar prices on Indonesia’s trade balance. Evaluation was done by using Tables I-O and SAM Indonesia in 2008 to developed Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. Indonesian economy were aggregated into 23 sectors with 8 households and 3 primary input. An increase in sugar prices of Indonesia have an impact on domestic output, exports, imports and trade balance. In agricultural sector, domestic output and imports increased, exports dropped, but Indonesian trade balance was still surplus. While the industrial and service sectors, domestic output and exports dropped, as well as imports increased, but the trade balance was deficit. Sugar imports even increased by 9.09%. It needs to watch out by the government because it could lead to a deficit in the trade balance.
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Genesove, David, i Wallace P. Mullin. "Rules, Communication, and Collusion: Narrative Evidence from the Sugar Institute Case". American Economic Review 91, nr 3 (1.06.2001): 379–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.91.3.379.
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Detailed notes on weekly meetings of the sugar-refining cartel show how communication helps firms collude, and so highlight the deficiencies in the current formal theory of collusion. The Sugar Institute did not fix prices or output. Prices were increased by homogenizing business practices to make price cutting more transparent. Meetings were used to interpret and adapt the agreement, coordinate on jointly profitable actions, ensure unilateral actions were not misconstrued as cheating, and determine whether cheating had occurred. In contrast to established theories, cheating did occur, but sparked only limited retaliation, partly due to the contractual relations with selling agents. (JEL L13, L41)
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Sendak, Paul E. "State and Federal Timber Stumpage Prices in Vermont". Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 9, nr 3 (1.09.1992): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/9.3.97.
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Abstract Timber sales data and stumpage prices were analyzed for the Green Mountain National Forest (federal) and the Vermont Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation (state). In all cases, state stumpage prices were higher on average, but significantly so only for the overall price (volume weighted average sale price per cunit), spruce sawtimber, and hardwood and softwood pulpwood. Differences between mean state and federal prices for sugar maple and yellow birch sawtimber were not significant. Regression analysis was used to examine the differences in overall stumpage price. The results suggest that the difference in sale prices can largely be explained by differences in sales characteristics, most notably timber quality. North. J. Appl. For. 9(3):97-101.
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Maitah, Mansoor, i Luboš Smutka. "The Development of World Sugar Prices". Sugar Tech 21, nr 1 (30.04.2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12355-018-0618-y.
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Hossiso, Kassu Wamisho, i David Ripplinger. "The Value of Switching Production Options in a Flexible Biorefinery". Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 46, nr 1 (21.03.2017): 146–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/age.2016.37.
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This study analyses the value of a switching option in a flexible biorefinery plant that produces ethanol and sugar juice in a single plant using energy beets. A real-options approach is used to compute threshold prices and optimal switching decision rules for switching between sugar and ethanol production modes. The analysis shows that it is economically optimal to keep producing ethanol then switching to sugar juice, given the stochastic price parameters of the two products.
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Prapakaran, Dr P. Jaya, i Dr P. Satheesh Kumar. "A Study on Growth and Instability of India’s Sugar Exports". International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 03, nr 12 (2022): 2492–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.2022.31282.
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The aim of this paper is to study the growth and instability of India‟s sugar exports during the period from 2000-01 to 2020-21. The sugar export registered high growth rate and high instability which recommended gigantic inter-year fluctuations during the whole study period. The cyclical production is because of unsure climate conditions, lower productivity and utilization of customary strategy for production. India is net exporter of sugar notwithstanding steady government interventions in external trade of sugar is to control the ascent in prices of sugar in the domestic market. Yet, higher domestic sugar prices than global sugar prices propose the critical arrangement changes are required. Additionally, the potential for growing sugar production in India exists and can be completely taken advantage of in case changes. Unambiguously, the advancement of the sugar industry must be embraced inside the setting of more extensive domestic reforms, in view of the linkages on both demand and supply sides that succeed in agricultural commodity markets.
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Ivan's, Eny, i Novia Ambar Sari. "Potret perbandingan kebijakan harga pangan dengan realita harga beras, gula dan kedelai di tahun pertama pandemi Covid-19, Indonesia". Open Science and Technology 1, nr 1 (25.04.2021): 82–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33292/ost.vol1no1.2021.11.
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Penyebab kelangkaan komoditi pertanian adalah karena kebijakan lockdown dan PSBB di awal pandemi, serta perilaku punic buying dari konsumen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan antara kebijakan harga komoditi beras, gula dan kedelai dengan realita harga yang terjadi di tahun pertama pandemi Covid-19. Data sekunder yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data harian dan bulanan harga komoditas dari SP2KP Kementerian Perdagangan dan BPS. Data tersebut dianalisis menggunakan grafik dan dibandingkan dengan kebijakan harga yang berlaku saat ini pada tiga komoditas tersebut. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan harga untuk komoditi beras, gula dan kedelai di tahun pertama pandemi Covid-19 belum menunjukkan keberpihakan kepada petani. Tingginya harga beras di tingkat ecer tidak berbanding lurus dengan kenaikan harga gabah di tingkat produsen. Harga gula yang fluktuatif dikarenakan periode impor gula bersamaan dengan periode panen tebu. Penghapusan tarif impor kedelai menjadi 0% menjadikan petani domestik bersaing secara face to face di pasar global. The cause of the scarcity of agricultural commodities is due to the lockdown policy and PSBB (large-scale social restrictions) at the beginning of the pandemic Covid-19 and the punic buying behavior from consumers. The research objective was to compare the commodity price policies for rice, sugar, and soybeans with the price realities that occurred in the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic. Secondary data used in this study are daily and monthly data on commodity prices from SP2KP of the Ministry of Trade and BPS. The data is analyzed using charts and compared with the prevailing price policies for these three commodities. The study results show that the price policy for rice, sugar, and soybean commodities in the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic has not shown partiality to farmers. The high price of rice at the retail level is not directly proportional to the increase in grain prices at the producer level. Sugar prices fluctuate because the sugar import period coincides with the sugar cane harvest period. The elimination of import tariffs to 0% allows domestic farmers to compete directly in the global market.
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LEV, M. Yu. "ISSUES OF REGULATING PRICES FOR SEPARATE FOOD PRODUCTS IN THE ASPECT OF ENSURING THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION". EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 1, nr 7 (2021): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.07.01.003.
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The paper presents a study of unjustified price increases presented at a meeting of the Government of the Russian Federation in December 2020 based on the results of monitoring by various departments of prices for sugar, sunflower oil, and flour. The analysis showed a significant difference in prices for the year. The lack of a unified methodology for price monitoring and a mechanism for controlling price growth is revealed. The conclusion is made: to ensure the socio-economic security of the state, it is necessary to create a single body responsible for monitoring prices and preparing the results of monitoring for a report to the government.
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Bensassi, Sami, Preeya Mohan i Eric Strobl. "A Storm in a Teacup? Hurricanes and Sugar Prices in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century". Weather, Climate, and Society 9, nr 4 (20.09.2017): 753–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-17-0015.1.
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Abstract This paper investigates the impact of hurricanes in the Caribbean on sugar prices in Britain between 1815 and 1841. The authors expect the news of hurricanes arriving at British harbors to drive up sugar prices mainly because the market anticipated that the supply of sugar from the Caribbean colonies would drop dramatically in the near future. The econometric results suggest a significant rise in prices due to hurricanes. Moreover this study finds that the lag between the hurricane strike and its transmission into sugar prices on the London market decreased over the sample period. This latter result might be explained by the technological innovations marking this era, where technological progress in transport reduced the time required for information to cross the Atlantic, making markets more reactive to the news of supply shocks.
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Saragih, Novia Fitri Yanti, Suharno Suharno i Harianto Harianto. "ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN PENGRAJIN GULA AREN DI KABUPATEN REJANG LEBONG PROVINSI BENGKULU". Forum Agribisnis 8, nr 2 (1.09.2018): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/fagb.8.2.155-168.
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Palm sugar as a source of income is mostly produced by palm sugar producers who are in the village, depending on the population of existing palm trees. Available raw materials and prevailing prices affect income. This study aims to (1) analyze the structure of production costs and business income of palm sugar and (2) analyze the factors that influence the income of palm sugar producers in Rejang Lebong Regency, Bengkulu Province. The method used to analyze the cost structure is income analysis (π = TR - TC) by calculating the use of total costs (TC = TFC + TVC) used in once production process. Factors that influence palm sugar income are price of palm sugar, number of productive trees, and yield of palm sugar. Primary data obtained from palm sugar prodicers using questionnaires and secondary data obtained from previous research. Analysis of factors that influence income using multiple linear regression analysis, processed using the SPSS 16.0 Program. Research results show that the average income obtained by palm sugar craftsmen in Rejang Lebong District is Rp 150,374 / production. Palm sugar processing business is still feasible to be a business and profitable because the value of profitability obtained is 1.23. Factors that influence income significantly at the level of 95 percent in the form of prices and number of productive trees. Improvements in technological innovations and an increase in the population of palm sugar plants need to be improved to be able to increase the income of palm sugar’ producers in the Rejang Lebong Regency of Bengkulu Province.
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Božík, M., i T. Izakovič. "Reform of the sugar sector and its impacts on the Slovak sugar market". Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 50, No. 11 (24.02.2012): 502–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5240-agricecon.
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A full liberalisation of the sugar market is hardly acceptable for Slovakia, because it would significantly affect not only the economic performance and employment across different sectors, but also their production structures, particularly in the farming-intensive regions. We nonetheless believe that the reform is necessary as the sugar sector remains the last unreformed CAP sector in the EU, which puts it in a better position vis-ŕ-vis other producers and farms. On the other hand, the justified claims of producers for the compensation of losses, similarly as the claims laid during the 1992 CAP reform, would disrupt the EAGGF budgetary framework through 2013, because only the claims of Slovak sugar beet producers would amount to some € 200 million during 2010–2015. We believe that the solution and consensus lies in the combination of reforms based on the scenarios of fixed quotas and falling prices, and/or the application of the “Midway situation” after 2011. The alternative setting of quotas, based the administratively assessed production efficiency levels for the individual EU countries, would also be unacceptable for Slovakia. In the recent past, the volume of investments in the Slovak sugar industry has been considerable and the most viable sugar refineries have already emerged from the selection process. The situation in the sugar beet sector is similar and the results of the “Fall in Prices” scenario until 2011 are largely similar to the situation before the accession to the EU.
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Onour, Ibrahim. "Dynamics of Crude Oil Price Change and Global Food Commodity Prices". Finance & Economics Review 3, nr 1 (28.04.2021): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.38157/finance-economics-review.v3i1.248.
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Purpose: This study investigates the effect of crude oil price fluctuations (price change as well as volatility) on wheat, sugar, corn, and fertilizers price changes.
Methods: The study employs Markov switching dynamic regression, Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC), and Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Hetrosekadicity (GARCH) on monthly data covering the period from January 1988 to April 2018.
Results: The findings of the research support evidence of two states. State 1, pertains to the low volatility of crude oil price, and state 2 belong to the case of the high volatility of crude oil prices. Our results indicated that at state 1, an increase in crude oil prices leads to a decline in food commodity prices, while in state 2, an increase in crude oil price levels causes an increase in food commodity prices. Results of Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) GARCH estimates indicate the coefficients of oil price levels are significant and positively associated with the conditional volatility of the four commodity prices.
Implications: The findings of the research imply that volatility in global food commodity prices is not due to oil price volatility but due to the oil price levels attained at extreme points.
Originality: The paper investigates the impact of different volatility levels of crude oil prices on global food commodity prices.
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Ekananda, Mahjus. "Asymmetric Price Transmission of Some Basic Commodities in Indonesia". Media Ekonomi dan Manajemen 38, nr 2 (28.07.2023): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.56444/mem.v38i2.3924.
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The prices of these international goods, world oil prices, exchange rates, and government policies, always influence developments in the current global era that drive domestic commodity prices. This study aims to analyze the effect of asymmetric price transmission on several Indonesian domestic commodities. Asymmetric price transmission occurs if the speed of price adjustment above or below the price trend is not the same. Positive or negative price changes occur if the price is above or below the price trend. Under dynamic conditions, each price will adjust to the long-term price level. This study applies the error correction model (ECM) method to capture the speed of adjustment of each commodity following the long-term price level. This study involves asymmetric price transmission to see price adjustments. Econometric testing through the error correction model is used to determine how much the domestic price adjustments are when there is an increase or decrease in international prices for essential commodities. The results showed an adjustment in domestic prices when global prices increased or decreased for wheat flour, granulated sugar, soybeans, beef, and broiler meat. Based on the coefficient and significance level, there was no domestic price adjustment for rice and broiler chicken eggs. Policy implications include providing input for policymakers in determining prices so that market prices are stable and in line with people's purchasing power.
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Sobolev, Oleg S. "Food indices and prices in the 3rd quarter of 2023 in Russia and abroad". Economy of agricultural and processing enterprises, nr 12 (2023): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31442/0235-2494-2023-0-12-62-67.
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The article derives the formula of the multiple consumer price index (CPI) from the geometric Laspeyres index. An economic analysis of producer prices in the grain, milk and meat markets in Russia, the EU and the USA is presented. There was an undiminished increase in domestic bread prices, an increase in the FAO CPI for sugar and a seasonal decrease in grain prices on the world market in the 3rd quarter. Milk production in Russia, the EU and the USA for 9 months of 2023 is compared.
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Santos, Jaqueline Zani dos, Maura Seiko Tsutsui Esperancini, Eduardo De Masi i Leidiane Coelho Carvalho. "ANÁLISE DA INFLUÊNCIA DOS PREÇOS DO SETOR SUCROENERGÉTICO NA ÁREA DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO". ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 32, nr 3 (20.12.2017): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2017v32n3p280-287.
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- O trabalho objetivou identificar se há influência dos preços do açúcar, do etanol e da própria cana-de-açúcar na área plantada de cana-de-açúcar no estado de São Paulo, no período de 1995 a 2015. Adotou-se a metodologia proposta por Box-Jenkins de Função Transferência, que se constitui num método multivariado de séries temporais e que apresenta vantagens em relação aos métodos tradicionais de estimação. Os resultados demonstraram que os preços influenciaram o aumento na área de cana-de-açúcar, em especial, o preço do açúcar. Foi evidenciado também a existência de bidirecionalidade de efeito, com a área afetando os preços, e estes influenciando a área. Concluindo o estudo, foram feitas análises de intervenções para os principais eventos ocorridos no mercado sucroenergético para os anos em estudo, onde apenas a área de cana-de-açúcar se mostrou significativa, sendo influenciada por tais intervenções.PALAVRAS - CHAVE: Mercado sucroenergético, Desregulamentação, Função Transferência.INFLUENCE OF SUGAR-ENERGY SECTOR PRICES ON THE AREA OF SUGAR CANE IN SÃO PAULO STATEABSTRACT - The objective of this study was to identify whether there was an influence of sugar, ethanol, and sugarcane prices on sugarcane planted area in Sao Paulo state, from 1995 to 2015. The methodology used was the one proposed by Box-Jenkins, Transfer Function, which is a multivariate time series method and has advantages over traditional methods of estimation. The results showed that all prices have influenced the increase in sugarcane area, in particular, the sugar’s price. There was verified the existence of two-way effects, in which, the area affected the prices and these influenced the area. To conclude the study, analyzes of interventions were carried out for the main occurred events in sugar-energy market in the years under study. From this analysis, only the sugarcane area was significant, being influenced by the interventions.KEYWORDS: Sugar and energy market, deregulation, Transfer Function.
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Yusuf, Fadhilat M., i Gylych Jelilov. "Consumer demand analysis of sugar-sweetened beverages in Nigeria". Journal of Global Economics and Business 4, nr 15 (30.09.2023): 200–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.58934/jgeb.v4i15.212.
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Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) represent a leading public health concern worldwide and the World Health Organization recommends for fiscal approach, by raising prices through taxation to discourage the consumption of SSB. This study was conducted to explain the consumer demand for sugar-sweetened beverages in Nigeria. The key objective of the study is to estimate expenditure and price elasticity of demand as a first and necessary step to assess the impact of the sugar tax. Data from the 2018-2019 National Living Standard Survey (NLSS), which contains detailed information on household food and beverage consumption as well as socio-economic variables was used. The Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System was employed for estimation. The expenditure elasticity results revealed all non-alcoholic beverages to be normal goods, sachet water is categorised as a necessity, while bottled water and all sugary drinks were revealed to be luxury beverages. Own-price elasticity for all beverages was revealed to be greater than a unit (in absolute terms), implying that the beverages are price elastic. For SSB, malt drinks and soft drinks had higher elasticity estimates of -3.21 and -2.10 respectively. Also, substitutability was observed between SSBs and sachet water. These results show that demand for SSB is price-sensitive and the effective implementation SSB- tax has the potential to discouraging consumption of SSB in Nigeria.
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Sinclair, Wilson, i Amanda M. Countryman. "Not So Sweet: Economic Implications of Restricting U.S. Sugar Imports from Mexico". Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 51, nr 3 (30.04.2019): 368–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aae.2019.1.
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AbstractAfter Mexican sugar producers gained unlimited, tariff-free access to the U.S. market in 2008, U.S. and Mexican governments bilaterally agreed to constrain Mexico’s sugar exports to the United States because of dumping allegations by U.S. producers in December 2014. This analysis employs a dynamic partial equilibrium model to estimate the price and welfare impacts of the U.S.-Mexico agreement by simulating the reimplementation of North American Free Trade Agreement sugar policies. Estimates suggest liberalizing the market would decrease U.S. sugar prices, translating to an average annual decrease in producer surplus of approximately $660 million and increase in consumer surplus of $1.67 billion across the simulation.
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Quintino, Derick David, Heloisa Lee Burnquist i Paulo Jorge Silveira Ferreira. "Carbon Emissions and Brazilian Ethanol Prices: Are They Correlated? An Econophysics Study". Sustainability 13, nr 22 (20.11.2021): 12862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212862.
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Brazil is one of the largest global producers and exporters of ethanol and in 2017 launched RenovaBio, a programme aiming to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. In parallel to this domestic scenario, there is rapid growth in the world market of carbon production, as well as complex price relations between fossil and renewable energies becoming increasingly important in recent years. The present work aims to contribute to filling a gap in knowledge about the relationship between Brazilian ethanol and other relevant energy-related commodities. We use a recent methodology (Detrended Cross-Correlation Approach—DCCA—with sliding windows) to analyze dynamically the cross-correlation levels between Brazilian ethanol prices and carbon emissions, as well as other possible-related prices, namely: sugar, Brent oil, and natural gas prices, with a sample of daily prices between January 2010 and July 2020. Our results indicate that (i) in the whole period, Brazilian ethanol has significant correlations with sugar, moderate correlation with oil in the short term, and only a weak, short-term correlation with carbon emission prices; (ii) with a sliding windows approach, the strength of the correlation between ethanol and carbon emissions varies between weak and non-significant in the short term.
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Rosiński, Rafał, i Julia Mundziel. "Indirect Taxation: Assessing the Impact of the Sugar Tax in Poland". Finanse i Prawo Finansowe 1, nr 41 (28.03.2023): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2391-6478.1.41.05.
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The purpose of the article. In 2019, Poland introduced a sugar tax that encompassed food products, including beverages. Since the sugar tax is a form of indirect taxation, consumers bear its burden in the price of the purchased product. In response, businesses often adjust prices or reduce product quantities to offset their costs. This article aims to characterize the fiscal and non-fiscal significance of the sugar tax and to illustrate its impact on the financial situation of a selected soft drink industry enterprise.
Methodology. The applied research methods include a literature review analysis, analysis of legal acts and financial data analysis.
Results of the research. The impact of the sugar tax on a company can be diverse and dependent on various factors. Its fiscal and non-fiscal nature means that, on the one hand, the goal is to reduce the consumption of "harmful products" to improve public health by reducing sugar intake and addressing health problems related to excessive consumption of sugary beverages. On the other hand, it aims to generate additional revenue for the state budget. It also has implications for the financial situation of the company.The results of the analysis indicate that the sugar tax, due to its pass-through nature, remains neutral for businesses, without adversely affecting revenue, profitability or financial liquidity.
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Sartika, Novia Reni, Amril Amril i Dearmi Artis. "Analisis determinan impor gula Indonesia dari Thailand". e-Journal Perdagangan Industri dan Moneter 6, nr 1 (3.04.2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/pim.v6i1.4005.
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The research aims to analyze the influence of national income, exchange rate, inflation and domestic sugar prices on Indonesia sugar import from Thailand. The data used in this research is time series data by using descriptive analysis method and quantitative analysis method.The results showed that simultaneously the variable of GDP, exchange rate, inflation, and domestic sugar prices together had significant effect on Indonesia sugar import from Thailand. While the partial variable of GDP and Inflation have a significant influence on the import of Indonesia sugar from Thailand, while the exchange rate and domestic sugar prices partially have no significant effect on the import of Indonesia sugar from Thailand. Keywords: GDP, Exchange Rate, Inflation, Domestic prices, Import.
AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh pendapatan nasional, nilai tukar, inflasi, dan harga gula domestik terhadap impor gula Indonesia dari Thailand. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data time series dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dan metode analisis kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa secara simultan variabel PDB, nilai tukar, inflasi, dan harga gula domestik secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap impor gula Indonesia dari Thailand. Sedangkan secara parsial variabel PDB, dan Inflasi memilki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap impor gula Indonesia dari Thailand, sementara nilai tukar dan harga gula domestik secara parsial tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap impor gula Indonesia dari Thailand. Kata Kunci : PDB, Nilai Tukar, Inflasi, Harga Domestik, Impor.
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Khan, Waqar Muhammad, Moniba Sana i Shahid Akbar. "The Effect of Petroleum Prices on Basic Food and Energy Commodities: An investigation through Sequential ADF tests". Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE) 12, nr 3 (30.09.2023): 912–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.61506/01.00296.
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This study examines the correlation between fluctuations in petrol prices and essential commodities in a developing economy, specifically Pakistan. Data from January 2012 to August 2022 has been collected from the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS), focusing on the most crucial commodities. Through a thorough analysis of a comprehensive dataset covering multiple years, study has delve into the impact of changes in petrol prices on a range of crucial food items and energy variables. This research has uncovered noteworthy connections between the cost of petrol and important everyday items like wheat, sugar, ghee, LPG, gas, and electricity. Findings indicate that there is a direct correlation between petrol prices and the prices of essential food items such as wheat, sugar, and ghee. This suggests that fluctuations in petrol prices can contribute to inflationary pressures on these commodities. In addition, analysis emphasizes the correlation between petrol prices and energy costs. It is found that when petrol prices experience sudden changes, it results in higher prices for LPG, gas, and electricity. In addition, specific commodities like electric charges, gas charges, and veg ghee can demonstrate explosive behaviors, suggesting significant volatility and the possibility of price distortions. According to our research, we suggest a range of policy recommendations. These include the management of vital costs for food, tackling the cost of energy and the welfare of consumers, fostering competition in the markets along with price regulation, diversified sources of energy, carrying out watching and early warning systems, bolstering the efficiency of the market, and enhancing food security. Implementing these policy interventions can effectively address the effects of petrol price fluctuations on essential commodities. This will lead to price stability, safeguard consumer welfare, and enhance food security even in the midst of external shocks. However, additional research and analysis are required to evaluate the practicality and potential consequences of these suggestions within the particular socio-economic setting.
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KALETNIK, Hrigoriy, i Natalia PRYSHLIAK. "ANALYSIS OF CURRENT CONDITION AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUGAR MARKET IN UKRAINE AND IN THE WORLD". "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", nr 4 (44) (kwiecień 2019): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2019-4-1.
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The current state and development prospects of the sugar market in Ukraine and the world are analyzed in the article. The share of countries in the world sugar production is determined. The dynamics of production and consumption of sugar in Ukraine and the world are analyzed. The structure of the export and import of sugar in the world is investigated. The dynamics of sugar production in Ukraine are studied. Structural analysis of sugar production in Ukraine is implemented. The number of sugar factories operating in Ukraine and their daily capacities is determined. The dynamics of import and export of sugar from sugar cane and sugar beet in Ukraine is demonstrated. A comparison of volumes of sugar beet crop area and sugar prices in Ukraine is conducted. The dynamics of minimum and maximum intervention prices for beet sugar in Ukraine is analyzed. The comparison of demand and supply balance in the sugar market in Ukraine is carried out. SWOT-analysis of the sugar market in Ukraine is conducted. Measures to stabilize the sugar and beet sugar market in Ukraine are proposed.
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Budiningsih, Sulistyani, i Rahmi Hayati Putri. "Strategi Marketing Mix Home Industry Pengrajin Gula Kelapa Sebagai Pengembangan Produk Lokal di Kecamatan Jeruklegi". Proceedings Series on Physical & Formal Sciences 2 (10.11.2021): 362–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/pspfs.v2i.214.
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Research objectives: 1) Identify internal factors (strengths-weaknesses) and external (opportunities-threats) that affect the home marketing mix of coconut sugar industry in Jeruklegi District. 2) Analyzing alternative marketing mix strategies for the coconut sugar home industry in Jeruklegi District. 3) Analyzing the best marketing mix strategies that are priorities to be applied to the coconut sugar home industry in Jeruklegi District. The method used is a descriptive method with the research location in Jeruklegi District which was determined intentionally (Purposive Sampling) with certain selection considerations. Involving 25 respondents of coconut sugar craftsmen. The formulation of the home marketing mix strategy for the coconut sugar industry was analyzed by SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats). (Rangkuti, 2006). The results showed that internal factors were the availability of coconut trees, coconut sugar production activities were carried out continuously, the location of the coconut sugar processing business was quite strategic, the price of coconut sugar products was able to compete, the availability of experienced workers in the coconut sugar processing business, ownership of business capital. craftsmen independently, limited number of coconut trees, product quality does not yet have uniformity (taste, color and shape), lack of marketing information sources, level of production and packaging technology is still traditional, limited working capital of craftsmen, craftsmen have not done bookkeeping management and there is no group / cooperative. The position of the coconut sugar home industry in the Jeruklegi District, Cilacap Regency is in the Aggressive Region with the main strategy being the SO strategy, namely 1) Optimizing geographical conditions that support the agroclimate of natural resources and human resources of craftsmen in producing coconut sugar products continuously with competitive prices for coconut sugar products, 2) Optimizing production activities continuously in order to capture high market share opportunities both domestically and internationally with competitive prices as substitute products through partnership relationships between coconut sugar producers.
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Uruilal, Costanza, i Jogeneis Patty. "Mikroba Kontaminan Pada Biji Pala di Pulau Nusalaut: Karakteristik Morfologi, Frekuensi Keberadaan dan Estimasi Kuantitatif". Proceedings Series on Physical & Formal Sciences 4 (17.11.2022): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/pspfs.v4i.504.
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Research objectives: 1) Identify internal factors (strengths-weaknesses) and external (opportunities-threats) that affect the home marketing mix of coconut sugar industry in Jeruklegi District. 2) Analyzing alternative marketing mix strategies for the coconut sugar home industry in Jeruklegi District. 3) Analyzing the best marketing mix strategies that are priorities to be applied to the coconut sugar home industry in Jeruklegi District. The method used is a descriptive method with the research location in Jeruklegi District which was determined intentionally (Purposive Sampling) with certain selection considerations. Involving 25 respondents of coconut sugar craftsmen. The formulation of the home marketing mix strategy for the coconut sugar industry was analyzed by SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats). (Rangkuti, 2006). The results showed that internal factors were the availability of coconut trees, coconut sugar production activities were carried out continuously, the location of the coconut sugar processing business was quite strategic, the price of coconut sugar products was able to compete, the availability of experienced workers in the coconut sugar processing business, ownership of business capital. craftsmen independently, limited number of coconut trees, product quality does not yet have uniformity (taste, color and shape), lack of marketing information sources, level of production and packaging technology is still traditional, limited working capital of craftsmen, craftsmen have not done bookkeeping management and there is no group / cooperative. The position of the coconut sugar home industry in the Jeruklegi District, Cilacap Regency is in the Aggressive Region with the main strategy being the SO strategy, namely 1) Optimizing geographical conditions that support the agroclimate of natural resources and human resources of craftsmen in producing coconut sugar products continuously with competitive prices for coconut sugar products, 2) Optimizing production activities continuously in order to capture high market share opportunities both domestically and internationally with competitive prices as substitute products through partnership relationships between coconut sugar producers.
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Herlina, Marizsa. "PANEL COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS IN DETERMINING RELATIONSHIP OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY AND OIL FUEL PRICE IN INDONESIA". Indonesian Journal of Statistics and Its Applications 4, nr 2 (31.07.2020): 341–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/ijsa.v4i2.662.
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This paper contributes to explain the relationship between oil fuel prices, oil price, the exchange rates, and agricultural commodity prices in Indonesia by using panel cointegration. Thus, this paper studied the short- and long-run relationships between oil fuel prices, oil prices, exchange rates, and agricultural commodity prices using the panel cointegration and causality analysis on five main agricultural commodities in Indonesia (i.e. rice, beef, palm oil, red chili, and sugar). The study was conducted using weekly agricultural, oil fuel, oil prices, and exchange rates from October 2014 until May 2016. The results showed that the oil fuel prices and the exchange rate had a long-run impact on agricultural commodity prices. The direction of the causality had also been determined. The oil fuel prices, oil prices, and exchange rate altogether had a unidirectional Granger causality to all of the agricultural commodity prices except beef and palm oil prices in the long-run.
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Moraes, Alexandra Kelly, Marcos Felipe Falcão Sobral i André Souza Melo. "Eficiência de mercado: uma aplicação no setor sucroalcooleiro da Paraíba". Revista de Administração da UFSM 14, nr 1 (9.03.2021): 138–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1983465939181.
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Purpose – This article has as main objective to analyze the efficiency of the sugar and ethanol market in Paraíba, through the cointegration test.Design/methodology/approach – To this end, historical series of sugar and ethanol from the Paraíba market were used, collected at BMFBOVESPA and CEPEA. As for the methods, the Descriptive Statistics metrics were applied to describe the series' behaviors, the Dickey-Fuller Increased Unit Root Test to verify stationarity, and finally the Cointegration Test, to analyze the long-term relationship.Findings – The results indicated a behavior with several oscillatory movements in the series prices. Regarding the stationarity of the series, the variables in sight and future of the Paraíba market, a non-stationary process was presented. Finally, the series were estimated to have no cointegration. Thus, we can conclude that the sugar and alcohol sector in the Paraiba market is inefficient, that is, commodities deviate from the real market value.Research limitations/implications – In the unfolding of this research, a limitation was evident during the exploratory phase, such as: Restrictions on the period of data on sugar and hydrated ethanol available at CEPEA and BM FBOVESPA, mainly with regard to the cash price and future variables of the Paraiba market.Practical implications – In this research, it can be seen that the Paraíba market would be considered efficient if it reflected the information available in commodity prices, making abnormal gains impossible.Originality/value – A study on market efficiency is relevant, as it makes it possible to identify patterns of behavior of asset prices in the market. That is, they can assess whether asset prices are being overvalued and how it affects the investor and the Brazilian economy.
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Utomo, Danang Prio. "Analisis Fluktuasi Harga Pangan Di Kabupaten Lombok Timur". JPEK (Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi dan Kewirausahaan) 6, nr 1 (3.06.2022): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.29408/jpek.v6i1.5792.
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This study aims to determine how the fluctuations are in food prices of East Lombok Regency. Where this study covers 10 food commodities including: rice, chicken meat, beef, chicken eggs, shallots, garlic, red chilies, cayenne pepper, cooking oil, and sugar. The respondent was determined by using a purposive technique, which was in certain considerations. While, as being the consideration in determining the respondent, the participants who are responsible or who have a role in providing information about the data needed in this study through interviews were 19 people of food traders in Aikmel Public Market. The data used in this study was time series data in 2020 and analyzed using descriptive analysis in the form of linear trend analysis. The results of this study indicated that in 2020 all food commodities, including rice, chicken meat, beef, chicken eggs, shallots, garlic, red chilies, cayenne pepper, cooking oil and sugar, experienced price fluctuations. These fluctuations were caused by weather and season factor, demand, total stock, and raw material prices. Meanwhile, food price trends, rice, beef, and cooking oil commodities experienced an upward trend, while chicken meat, chicken eggs, shallots, garlic, red chili, cayenne pepper, and sugar commodities experienced a decreasing trend
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Hamulczuk, Mariusz, i Piotr Szajner. "SUGAR PRICES IN POLAND AND THEIR DETERMINANTS". Problems of Agricultural Economics 345, nr 4 (3.12.2015): 59–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/00441600.1185611.
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Xu, Jing, Xing-wei Tong, Fang Wang i Jian-ping Chen. "Learning dynamic causal relationships among sugar prices". Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica, English Series 33, nr 3 (lipiec 2017): 809–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10255-017-0699-5.
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